Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems
This article discusses the problem of minimizing power loss in unbalanced distribution systems through phase-balancing. This problem is represented by a mixed-integer nonlinear-programming mathematical model, which is solved by applying a discretely encoded Vortex Search Algorithm (DVSA). The numeri...
- Autores:
-
Cortés-Caicedo, Brandon
Avellaneda-Gómez, Laura Sofía
Montoya, Oscar Danilo
Alvarado-Barrios, Lázaro
Chamorro, Harold R.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10339
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10339
- Palabra clave:
- Load connection
Phase-balancing
Power loss
Three-phase power flow
Unbalanced distribution systems
Vortex search algorithm
LEMB
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
id |
UTB2_043813de6d723bb6b07336ca4c7e8af0 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10339 |
network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems |
title |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems |
spellingShingle |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems Load connection Phase-balancing Power loss Three-phase power flow Unbalanced distribution systems Vortex search algorithm LEMB |
title_short |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems |
title_full |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems |
title_fullStr |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems |
title_sort |
Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systems |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Cortés-Caicedo, Brandon Avellaneda-Gómez, Laura Sofía Montoya, Oscar Danilo Alvarado-Barrios, Lázaro Chamorro, Harold R. |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Cortés-Caicedo, Brandon Avellaneda-Gómez, Laura Sofía Montoya, Oscar Danilo Alvarado-Barrios, Lázaro Chamorro, Harold R. |
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Load connection Phase-balancing Power loss Three-phase power flow Unbalanced distribution systems Vortex search algorithm |
topic |
Load connection Phase-balancing Power loss Three-phase power flow Unbalanced distribution systems Vortex search algorithm LEMB |
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
LEMB |
description |
This article discusses the problem of minimizing power loss in unbalanced distribution systems through phase-balancing. This problem is represented by a mixed-integer nonlinear-programming mathematical model, which is solved by applying a discretely encoded Vortex Search Algorithm (DVSA). The numerical results of simulations performed in IEEE 8-, 25-, and 37-node test systems demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology when compared with the classical Cuh & Beasley genetic algorithm. In addition, the computation times required by the algorithm to find the optimal solution are in the order of seconds, which makes the proposed DVSA a robust, reliable, and efficient tool. All computational implementations have been developed in the MATLAB® programming environment, and all the results have been evaluated in DigSILENT© software to verify the effectiveness and the proposed three-phase unbalanced power-flow method. View Full-Text |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-29T19:36:08Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-29T19:36:08Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-02-26 |
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-29 |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cortés-Caicedo, B.; Avellaneda-Gómez, L.S.; Montoya, O.D.; Alvarado-Barrios, L.; Chamorro, H.R. Application of the Vortex Search Algorithm to the Phase-Balancing Problem in Distribution Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051282 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10339 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/en14051282 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
identifier_str_mv |
Cortés-Caicedo, B.; Avellaneda-Gómez, L.S.; Montoya, O.D.; Alvarado-Barrios, L.; Chamorro, H.R. Application of the Vortex Search Algorithm to the Phase-Balancing Problem in Distribution Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051282 10.3390/en14051282 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10339 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
35 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv |
Campus Tecnológico |
dc.publisher.discipline.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Eléctrica |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Energies 2021, 14, 1282. |
institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/1/energies-14-01282-v2.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/3/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/4/energies-14-01282-v2.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/5/energies-14-01282-v2.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
e8b9193f574a2c624e0b08f6f05d21ec 24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5 e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 3cb5764edfabc5d718f9b479086ccf32 6ac76b8a12ba2062bb6e431c0ec21787 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814021547249106944 |
spelling |
Cortés-Caicedo, Brandon0b676225-338d-48dc-8f2a-694085d9bb42Avellaneda-Gómez, Laura Sofía0362e493-2ea9-41c3-89ec-eaf391b6f915Montoya, Oscar Danilo8a59ede1-6a4a-4d2e-abdc-d0afb14d4480Alvarado-Barrios, Lázaro57fdbc12-9b16-4b46-abf4-0ba206be4700Chamorro, Harold R.59e2dcd8-f603-4e1f-8459-da694d5a324d2021-07-29T19:36:08Z2021-07-29T19:36:08Z2021-02-262021-07-29Cortés-Caicedo, B.; Avellaneda-Gómez, L.S.; Montoya, O.D.; Alvarado-Barrios, L.; Chamorro, H.R. Application of the Vortex Search Algorithm to the Phase-Balancing Problem in Distribution Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051282https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1033910.3390/en14051282Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThis article discusses the problem of minimizing power loss in unbalanced distribution systems through phase-balancing. This problem is represented by a mixed-integer nonlinear-programming mathematical model, which is solved by applying a discretely encoded Vortex Search Algorithm (DVSA). The numerical results of simulations performed in IEEE 8-, 25-, and 37-node test systems demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology when compared with the classical Cuh & Beasley genetic algorithm. In addition, the computation times required by the algorithm to find the optimal solution are in the order of seconds, which makes the proposed DVSA a robust, reliable, and efficient tool. All computational implementations have been developed in the MATLAB® programming environment, and all the results have been evaluated in DigSILENT© software to verify the effectiveness and the proposed three-phase unbalanced power-flow method. View Full-TextUniversidad Tecnológica de Bolívar35 páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Energies 2021, 14, 1282.Application of the vortex search algorithm to the phase-balancing problem in distribution systemsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Load connectionPhase-balancingPower lossThree-phase power flowUnbalanced distribution systemsVortex search algorithmLEMBCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoIngeniería EléctricaInvestigadoresMontoya, O.D.; Serra, F.M.; Angelo, C.H.D. On the Efficiency in Electrical Networks with AC and DC Operation Technologies: A Comparative Study at the Distribution Stage. Electronics 2020, 9, 1352Montoya, O.D.; Gil-González, W. On the numerical analysis based on successive approximations for power flow problems in AC distribution systems. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 2020, 187, 106454Granada-Echeverri, M.; Gallego-Rendón, R.A.; López-Lezama, J.M. Optimal Phase Balancing Planning for Loss Reduction in Distribution Systems using a Specialized Genetic Algorithm. Ing. Cienc. 2012, 8, 121–140Alvarado-Barrios, L.; Alvarez-Arroyo, C.; Escano, J.M.; Gonzalez-Longatt, F.M.; Martinez-Ramos, J.L. Two-Level Optimisation and Control Strategy for Unbalanced Active Distribution Systems Management. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 197992–198009Beig, A.R. Three-phase AC supply. In Electric Renewable Energy Systems; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016; pp. 183–208Laconico, K.C.C.; Aguirre, R.A. Optimal Load Balancing and Capacitor Sizing and Siting of an Unbalanced Radial Distribution Network. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (GTD Asia), Bangkok, Thailand, 19–23 March 2019Montoya, O.D.; Molina-Cabrera, A.; Chamorro, H.R.; Alvarado-Barrios, L.; Rivas-Trujillo, E. A Hybrid Approach Based on SOCP and the Discrete Version of the SCA for Optimal Placement and Sizing DGs in AC Distribution Networks. Electronics 2020, 10, 26Swapna, M.; Udaykumar, R.Y. An algorithm for optimal phase balancing of secondary distribution systems at each node. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE PES 13th International Conference on Transmission & Distribution Construction, Operation & Live-Line Maintenance (ESMO), Columbus, OH, USA, 12–15 September 2016.Soltani, S.; Rashidinejad, M.; Abdollahi, A. Stochastic Multiobjective Distribution Systems Phase Balancing Considering Distributed Energy Resources. IEEE Syst. J. 2018, 12, 2866–2877Omran, W.A.; Kazerani, M.; Salama, M.M.A. Investigation of Methods for Reduction of Power Fluctuations Generated From Large Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2011, 26, 318–327Gandomkar, M. Phase balancing using genetic algorithm. In Proceedings of the 39th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, UPEC 2004, Bristol, UK, 6–8 September 2004; Volume 1, pp. 377–379Riaño, F.E.; Cruz, J.F.; Montoya, O.D.; Chamorro, H.R.; Alvarado-Barrios, L. Reduction of Losses and Operating Costs in Distribution Networks Using a Genetic Algorithm and Mathematical Optimization. Electronics 2021, 10, 419Comisiǿn de Regulaciǿn de Energía y Gas. Resolución 025 de 1995; CREG: Bogotá, Colombia, 1995. Available online: http://apolo.creg.gov.co/Publicac.nsf/Indice01/Resoluci%C3%B3n-1995-CRG95025 (accessed on 10 February 2021).Comisiǿn de Regulaciǿn de Energía y Gas. Resolución 023 de 2001; CREG: Bogotá, Colombia, 2001. Available online: http://apolo.creg.gov.co/Publicac.nsf/Indice01/Resoluci%C3%B3n-2001-CREG023-2001?OpenDocument (accessed on 10 February 2021).Fahim, M.; Hassan, M.E.; Najjar, M.B.E. Single phase load balancing in a three phase system at distribution and unit level. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Lyon, France, 20–22 February 2018Zhu, J.; Chow, M.Y.; Zhang, F. Phase balancing using mixed-integer programming [distribution feeders]. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 1998, 13, 1487–1492Zhu, J.; Bilbro, G.; Chow, M.Y. Phase balancing using simulated annealing. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 1999, 14, 1508–1513Chen, T.H.; Cherng, J.T. Optimal phase arrangement of distribution transformers connected to a primary feeder for system unbalance improvement and loss reduction using a genetic algorithm. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications. Connecting Utilities. PICA 99. To the Millennium and Beyond (Cat. No.99CH36351), Santa Clara, CA, USA, 21 May 1999; pp. 145–151Lin, C.H.; Chen, C.S.; Chuang, H.J.; Ho, C.Y. Heuristic rule-based phase balancing of distribution systems by considering customer load patterns. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2005, 20, 709–716Garcés-Ruiz, A.; Granada-Echeverri, M.; Gallego, R.A. Balance de fases usando colonia de hormigas. Ing. Compet. 2005, 7, 43–52Tuppadung, Y.; Kurutach, W. The Modified Particle Swarm Optimization for Phase Balancing. In Proceedings of the TENCON 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference, Hong Kong, China, 14–17 November 2006Lin, C.H.; Chen, C.S.; Chuang, H.J.; Huang, M.Y.; Huang, C.W. An Expert System for Three-Phase Balancing of Distribution Feeders. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2008, 23, 1488–1496Huang, M.Y.; Chen, C.S.; Lin, C.H.; Kang, M.S.; Chuang, H.J.; Huang, C.W. Three-phase balancing of distribution feeders using immune algorithm. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 2008, 2, 38Kuo, C.C.; Chao, Y.T. Energy management based on AM/FM/GIS for phase balancing application on distribution systems. Energy Convers. Manag. 2010, 51, 485–492Sathiskumar, M.; Thiruvenkadam, S. Phase balancing of unbalanced distribution network through hybrid greedy-fuzzy algorithm. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 2011, 34, 38–45.Sathiskumar, M.; Kumar, A.N.; Lakshminarasimman, L.; Thiruvenkadam, S. A self adaptive hybrid differential evolution algorithm for phase balancing of unbalanced distribution system. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2012, 42, 91–97Hooshmand, R.A.; Soltani, S. Fuzzy Optimal Phase Balancing of Radial and Meshed Distribution Networks Using BF-PSO Algorithm. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2012, 27, 47–57Grigoras, G.; Gavrilas, M. Phase swapping of lateral branches from low-voltage distribution networks for load balancing. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE), Iasi, Romania, 20–22 October 2016Toma, N.; Ivanov, O.; Neagu, B.; Gavrila, M. A PSO Algorithm for Phase Load Balancing in Low Voltage Distribution Networks. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE), Iasi, Romania, 18–19 October 2018Handhal, F.K.; Rashid, A.T. Load balancing in distribution system using heuristic search algorithm. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advance of Sustainable Engineering and Its Application (ICASEA), Wasit-Kut, Iraq, 14–15 March 2018Rios, M.A.; Castano, J.C.; Garces, A.; Molina-Cabrera, A. Phase Balancing in Power Distribution Systems: A heuristic approach based on group-theory. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech, Milano, Italy, 23–27 June 2019Gangwar, P.; Singh, S.N.; Chakrabarti, S. An Analytical Approach for Phase Balancing Considering Customer Load Profile. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe), Bucharest, Romania, 29 September–2 October 2019Ivanov, O.; Neagu, B.C.; Gavrilas, M.; Grigoras, G.; Sfintes, C.V. Phase Load Balancing in Low Voltage Distribution Networks Using Metaheuristic Algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Electromechanical and Energy Systems (SIELMEN), Craiova, Romania, 9–11 October 2019Montoya, O.D.; Grisales-Noreña, L.F.; Amin, W.T.; Rojas, L.A.; Campillo, J. Vortex Search Algorithm for Optimal Sizing of Distributed Generators in AC Distribution Networks with Radial Topology. In Communications in Computer and Information Science; Springer International Publishing: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 235–249.Gil-González, W.; Montoya, O.D.; Rajagopalan, A.; Grisales-Noreña, L.F.; Hernández, J.C. Optimal Selection and Location of Fixed-Step Capacitor Banks in Distribution Networks Using a Discrete Version of the Vortex Search Algorithm. Energies 2020, 13, 4914Montoya, O.D.; Gil-González, W.; Grisales-Noreña, L. An exact MINLP model for optimal location and sizing of DGs in distribution networks: A general algebraic modeling system approach. Ain Shams Eng. J. 2020, 11, 409–418.Montoya, O.D.; Gil-González, W.; Hernández, J.C.; Giral-Ramírez, D.A.; Medina-Quesada, A. A Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Model for Optimal Reconfiguration of DC Distribution Feeders. Energies 2020, 13, 4440.Doğan, B.; Ölmez, T. A new metaheuristic for numerical function optimization: Vortex Search algorithm. Inf. Sci. 2015, 293, 125–145Özkış, A.; Babalık, A. A novel metaheuristic for multi-objective optimization problems: The multi-objective vortex search algorithm. Inf. Sci. 2017, 402, 124–148Shen, T.; Li, Y.; Xiang, J. A Graph-Based Power Flow Method for Balanced Distribution Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 511Garces, A. A Linear Three-Phase Load Flow for Power Distribution Systems. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2016, 31, 827–828Montoya, O.D.; Gil-González, W.; Giral, D.A. On the Matricial Formulation of Iterative Sweep Power Flow for Radial and Meshed Distribution Networks with Guarantee of Convergence. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5802.Elsaiah, S.; Benidris, M.; Mitra, J. A three-phase power flow solution method for unbalanced distribution networks. In Proceedings of the 2011 North American Power Symposium, Boston, MA, USA, 4–6 August 2011Broadwater, R.; Chandrasekaran, A.; Huddleston, C.; Khan, A. Power flow analysis of unbalanced multiphase radial distribution systems. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 1988, 14, 23–33.Ramana, T.; Ganesh, V.; Sivanagaraju, S. Distributed Generator Placement And Sizing in Unbalanced Radial Distribution System. Cogener. Distrib. Gener. J. 2010, 25, 52–71Singh, D.; Misra, R.K.; Mishra, S. Distribution system feeder re-phasing considering voltage-dependency of loads. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2016, 76, 107–119Kersting, W.H. Radial distribution test feeders. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 1991, 6, 975–985.Panesso-Hernández, A.F.; Mora-Flórez, J.J. Single Phase Fault Location in Power Distribution Systems Considering Capacitive Effect and Not Homogeneous Lines (In Spanish). Sci. Tech. 2012, 1, 189–197http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALenergies-14-01282-v2.pdfenergies-14-01282-v2.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf516580https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/1/energies-14-01282-v2.pdfe8b9193f574a2c624e0b08f6f05d21ecMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8914https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/2/license_rdf24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXTenergies-14-01282-v2.pdf.txtenergies-14-01282-v2.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain102632https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/4/energies-14-01282-v2.pdf.txt3cb5764edfabc5d718f9b479086ccf32MD54THUMBNAILenergies-14-01282-v2.pdf.jpgenergies-14-01282-v2.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg100856https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10339/5/energies-14-01282-v2.pdf.jpg6ac76b8a12ba2062bb6e431c0ec21787MD5520.500.12585/10339oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/103392023-05-25 10:21:46.063Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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 |