Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean

Los peces demersales son un recurso comercial de las pesquerías artesanales del norte del Caribe colombiano. Balistes capriscus es frecuente e importante en los desembarques pesqueros, pero esta especie no tiene valor económico y su ecología trófica es desconocida.trófica es desconocida. Debido a es...

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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/32212
Palabra clave:
Balistes capriscus
Ecología trófica
Cambio ontogenético
Isótopos estables
Caribe Colombiano
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
title Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
spellingShingle Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
Balistes capriscus
Ecología trófica
Cambio ontogenético
Isótopos estables
Caribe Colombiano
title_short Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
title_full Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
title_fullStr Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
title_full_unstemmed Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
title_sort Trophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian Caribbean
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Balistes capriscus
Ecología trófica
Cambio ontogenético
Isótopos estables
Caribe Colombiano
topic Balistes capriscus
Ecología trófica
Cambio ontogenético
Isótopos estables
Caribe Colombiano
description Los peces demersales son un recurso comercial de las pesquerías artesanales del norte del Caribe colombiano. Balistes capriscus es frecuente e importante en los desembarques pesqueros, pero esta especie no tiene valor económico y su ecología trófica es desconocida.trófica es desconocida. Debido a esto, se examinó la dieta utilizando el contenido estomacal y análisis de isótopos estables. Los individuos se recolectaron con nasas para peces durante dos expediciones de investigación estacionales en mayo y agosto de 2018. Los valores δ15N y δ13C fueron significativamente diferentes entre las clases de tamaño, lo que indica cambios ontogenéticos en el uso del hábitat y el consumo de presas. El δ13C muestra que el pez ballesta tiende a alimentarse en zonas más cercanas a la costa y su fuente de su origen puede cambiar posiblemente de la zona pelágica cuando son juveniles, a las bentónicas bentónicas en su edad adulta. La posición trófica media según las inferencias bayesianas y las estimaciones de Post fue de 2,98 y 3,03 y aumentó con el tamaño. Asimismo, la amplitud del nicho isotópico corrobora el cambio ontogenético relacionado con los grupos de madurez. cambio ontogenético relacionado con los grupos de madurez.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10-13T16:02:38Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10-13T16:02:38Z
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dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Ballard, S.E., Rakocinski, C.F., 2012. Flexible feeding strategies of juvenile gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) and planehead filefish (Stephanolepis hispidus) within Sargassum habitat. Gulf. Caribb. Res. 24, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.18785/ gcr.2401.05.
Bernardes, R.A., 2002. Age, growth and longevity of gray triggerfish, Balistes capriscus (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae), from the southeastern brazilian coast. Sci. Mar. 66, 167–173.
Carassou, L., Al-Kindi, A.S., Dobrestsov, S., 2017. Preliminary assessment of the trophic structure of demersal fish community in the sea of Oman. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 16, 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2017.08.008.
Carlisle, A.B., Goldman, K.J., Litvin, S.Y., Madigan, D.J., Bigman, J.S., Swithenbank, A. M., Kline, T.C., Block, B.A., 2015. Stable isotope analysis of vertebrae reveals ontogenetic changes in habitat in an endothermic pelagic shark. Proc. R. Soc. B 282, 20141446. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1446.
Christianen, M.J.A., Middelburg, J.J., Holthuijsen, S.J., Jouta, J., Compton, T.J., Van der Heide, T., Piersma, T., Sinninghe Damst´e, J.S., Van der Veer, H.W., Schouten, S., Olff, H., 2017. Benthic primary producers are key to sustain the Wadden Sea food web: stable carbon isotope analysis at landscape scale. Ecology. 98, 1498–1512.
Cort´es, E., 1997. A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents: application to elasmobranch fishes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54, 726–738.
Dance, K.M., Rooker, J.R., Shipley, J.B., Dance, M.A., Wells, R.J.D., 2018. Feeding ecology of fishes associated with artificial reefs in the Northwest Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 13, 1–25.
Ebert, D., Bizzarro, J., 2007. Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei). Environ. Biol. Fish 80, 221–237.
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spelling 2023-10-13T16:02:38Z2023-10-13T16:02:38Z2021https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271814/1-s2.0-S1385110121X00111/1-s2.0-S1385110121001465/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIHgdIx2DAPJkZPaf3eul4G2%2BqgP%2BTgj51hstS8TyPZZBAiAlWkuJE7NH2Me063C%2FHwsJ0UdDIKuDJDzoaFdpM0Kveyq6BQjx%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAUaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMDeyd%2BgpOnCG5oYeRKo4Fnu46Kg266DB%2FT20y%2FBf2wCj9FGgzJMwu6U12pvp57Jxepmvvya2i62ZUR66Xe99%2BI4NIZK5DirgUueg%2BfSv6%2Bto%2F%2BIcJwJfa%2FyH%2BDo8k3m%2Biq2HA9ZufP8UFouoo4qp4gwyjZwxrjhQRYQfxu5cnBgpylQNAmIR6mW0HbRBOCqFs3IgI1CCEeQjeAtVFFlrY1DjexvWJW0P2%2Bwz0DWwENopNcQVINifJZCw3994v7O6M3vzlz3umXHuEQD311%2FcI2eGs9hgcm4G%2BzQKFNeOqT%2BtUd97Ud%2BPVCd%2BYATLx5qcsVvAEqCQaWM2b6cGu%2Fkuwz4XscSyZAB20DIxTh8nRdA%2BrvdkifARj66wY%2FcDMIaECHITVmePuRURXkpHr9%2FF8m43tUKz%2Bx1%2BXpz5LWlbfKcK9y1D1xeZp2ToJU4FIc71pU4lFoki65II%2F8y487i91ms1eXwYvlmRL9AZGbTRafEnxEp9mMpB5aWC5AAGCUNGikQFQeJvMBcwOoVB1K6%2FBSb1dQS3QuiKf2wYRgrjLEn9102eSAP5TcHEEZxKMaMKzUsCQ92Ok4AIM4ea%2BdchI3k2odI1l5gpMU6CDfBKEdzxFU6p1kWpbx0gW6oq4YIOHu5cX7qJEOxhXAflXYsTA7DIYYri3LhrjIxrh4rT1J7gQg4lUrONzrWHUd8kQ7Eq0tXoSn2HyoiP3V39yobJT%2FFDIHeHqugvcyPov8VEjP7c5xFUWb%2FSjnAAGrYjrQgI0XL9imuvO2OdUMBcKTRj2TFCOb0AiJrgRgcv2VtTUtZ5uOj2AHrlIrBnyR4dstoiTUzqagGjnqshRHUtUSAPgHxCIa0LwcZrUdzJ3J3YFbIHW8Lstz1IEuSEZLFtHMIKWm6kGOrIBOOwTDZvQ3pS3pKAA2%2BJ7%2B8Q7ViT9mtrFGBcUq9LwpUF23kbVd4AMwN0XMLjtaobivP%2FcEKA4AbCAMIPgVj5KBfDJd5PMHHPyCmM2FWUYDqQZIk33VF5konaipyMOUWtBFZXtQX6esxbXeyAZaw9YWNZDOU3xpN%2Fp6f9WblXn8FXTkfKRIrXajhBRZMHSDSNGc%2Fh8xVF3FcbVlQE9e8RcdvYo4u81ICxAhl2jqP3TDsVvKQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20231011T165917Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYV4GBEBOW%2F20231011%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=cb256493e6db7efceef7d8ffdb902fcf534e1d462173a8f2c10139bda7c9834c&hash=51f9d31d1e8de736dbdf1c1d1a9abbed048a349ad0c9ab8f3cdfa14bd3ad84a4&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1385110121001465&tid=spdf-80b35e09-48b7-4164-a49c-31c093a7ca98&sid=ddbc81cc76906440c72a7ab1d25639fa8bd5gxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=19095a55515a0358540d56&rr=8148a71c3aa6e5bb&cc=cohttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/32212Los peces demersales son un recurso comercial de las pesquerías artesanales del norte del Caribe colombiano. Balistes capriscus es frecuente e importante en los desembarques pesqueros, pero esta especie no tiene valor económico y su ecología trófica es desconocida.trófica es desconocida. Debido a esto, se examinó la dieta utilizando el contenido estomacal y análisis de isótopos estables. Los individuos se recolectaron con nasas para peces durante dos expediciones de investigación estacionales en mayo y agosto de 2018. Los valores δ15N y δ13C fueron significativamente diferentes entre las clases de tamaño, lo que indica cambios ontogenéticos en el uso del hábitat y el consumo de presas. El δ13C muestra que el pez ballesta tiende a alimentarse en zonas más cercanas a la costa y su fuente de su origen puede cambiar posiblemente de la zona pelágica cuando son juveniles, a las bentónicas bentónicas en su edad adulta. La posición trófica media según las inferencias bayesianas y las estimaciones de Post fue de 2,98 y 3,03 y aumentó con el tamaño. Asimismo, la amplitud del nicho isotópico corrobora el cambio ontogenético relacionado con los grupos de madurez. cambio ontogenético relacionado con los grupos de madurez.#BiodiversidadThe demersal fish are a commercial resource of small-scale fisheries of northern Colombian Caribbean. Balistes capriscus is frequently and important in fishing landings, but this species has not economic value and its trophic ecology is unknown. Due to this, the diet was examined using the stomach contents and stable isotopes analysis. The individuals were collected with fish pots during two seasonal research expeditions in May and August of 2018. The δ15N and δ13C values were significantly different between size classes, indicating ontogenetic shifts in habitat use and consumption of prey. The δ13C shows that the triggerfish tends to feed in areas closer to the coast and his source of its origin can possibly change from the pelagic zone when they are juveniles, to the benthic trophic networks in his adulthood. The trophic position mean according to Bayesian inferences and Post's estimates was 2.98 and 3.03 and increased with size. Likewise, isotopic niche width corroborates the ontogenetic shift related with the maturity groups.4 páginasapplication/pdfspaJournal of Sea ResearchBalistes capriscusEcología tróficaCambio ontogenéticoIsótopos establesCaribe ColombianoTrophic inferences of the gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus based on stable isotopes analyses, in the Colombian CaribbeanAbierto (Texto Completo)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Ballard, S.E., Rakocinski, C.F., 2012. Flexible feeding strategies of juvenile gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) and planehead filefish (Stephanolepis hispidus) within Sargassum habitat. Gulf. Caribb. Res. 24, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.18785/ gcr.2401.05.Bernardes, R.A., 2002. Age, growth and longevity of gray triggerfish, Balistes capriscus (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae), from the southeastern brazilian coast. Sci. Mar. 66, 167–173.Carassou, L., Al-Kindi, A.S., Dobrestsov, S., 2017. Preliminary assessment of the trophic structure of demersal fish community in the sea of Oman. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 16, 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2017.08.008.Carlisle, A.B., Goldman, K.J., Litvin, S.Y., Madigan, D.J., Bigman, J.S., Swithenbank, A. M., Kline, T.C., Block, B.A., 2015. Stable isotope analysis of vertebrae reveals ontogenetic changes in habitat in an endothermic pelagic shark. Proc. R. Soc. B 282, 20141446. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1446.Christianen, M.J.A., Middelburg, J.J., Holthuijsen, S.J., Jouta, J., Compton, T.J., Van der Heide, T., Piersma, T., Sinninghe Damst´e, J.S., Van der Veer, H.W., Schouten, S., Olff, H., 2017. Benthic primary producers are key to sustain the Wadden Sea food web: stable carbon isotope analysis at landscape scale. Ecology. 98, 1498–1512.Cort´es, E., 1997. A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents: application to elasmobranch fishes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54, 726–738.Dance, K.M., Rooker, J.R., Shipley, J.B., Dance, M.A., Wells, R.J.D., 2018. Feeding ecology of fishes associated with artificial reefs in the Northwest Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 13, 1–25.Ebert, D., Bizzarro, J., 2007. Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei). Environ. Biol. Fish 80, 221–237.http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Castellanos-Jimenez, Maria C.Polo-Silva, Carlos J.Sanjuan-Muñoz, AdolfoDelgado-Huertas, AntonioORIGINAL1-s2.0-S1385110121001465-main.pdf1-s2.0-S1385110121001465-main.pdfapplication/pdf2741036https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12010/32212/1/1-s2.0-S1385110121001465-main.pdf77ac55d09a75ba294ed2cf0ecd5a82a1MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82938https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12010/32212/2/license.txtbaba314677a6b940f072575a13bb6906MD52open accessTHUMBNAIL1-s2.0-S1385110121001465-main.pdf.jpg1-s2.0-S1385110121001465-main.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg15714https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12010/32212/3/1-s2.0-S1385110121001465-main.pdf.jpg6fb7396a4361e5ea9223f935c1bed748MD53open access20.500.12010/32212oai:expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co:20.500.12010/322122023-11-10 09:34:54.046open accessRepositorio Institucional - Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozanoexpeditiorepositorio@utadeo.edu.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