Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict

Purpose - Colombia presents with one of the largest armed conflicts in the world. Children exposed directly or indirectly to armed conflicts live the emotional footprints left by war. This study identified mental health problems among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict and associated fa...

Full description

Autores:
Sánchez-Villegas, Milgen
Reyes-Ruiz, Lizeth
Taylor, Laura K.
Pérez Ruíz, Natalia Andrea
Carmona-Alvarado, Farid
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Simón Bolívar
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital USB
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/6949
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/6949
Palabra clave:
Mental health problems
Family functioning
Social support
Emotional and behavioral problems
Colombian Armed conflict
Children
Rights
openAccess
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
id USIMONBOL2_f3d426c7335536596a056bd645c3ea06
oai_identifier_str oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/6949
network_acronym_str USIMONBOL2
network_name_str Repositorio Digital USB
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
title Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
spellingShingle Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
Mental health problems
Family functioning
Social support
Emotional and behavioral problems
Colombian Armed conflict
Children
title_short Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
title_full Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
title_fullStr Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
title_full_unstemmed Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
title_sort Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sánchez-Villegas, Milgen
Reyes-Ruiz, Lizeth
Taylor, Laura K.
Pérez Ruíz, Natalia Andrea
Carmona-Alvarado, Farid
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez-Villegas, Milgen
Reyes-Ruiz, Lizeth
Taylor, Laura K.
Pérez Ruíz, Natalia Andrea
Carmona-Alvarado, Farid
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Mental health problems
Family functioning
Social support
Emotional and behavioral problems
Colombian Armed conflict
Children
topic Mental health problems
Family functioning
Social support
Emotional and behavioral problems
Colombian Armed conflict
Children
description Purpose - Colombia presents with one of the largest armed conflicts in the world. Children exposed directly or indirectly to armed conflicts live the emotional footprints left by war. This study identified mental health problems among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict and associated factors. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study with (n=80) children aged 7 to 11 years (M=9.8 years; SD= 1.4) was conducted using the Child Behavior Checklist, Family APGAR, and MOS social support survey adaptation to children. Linear regression analyses were also performed with emotional and behavioral problems as the outcomes and related factors as the predictors. Findings - Clinical levels of emotional and behavioral problems were found in 56.3% of children. Internalizing problems (63.7%) were more common than externalizing problems (51.2%). Older children had greater emotional problems at the trend level, and those with higher functioning families had lower emotional problems. Children with higher perceived social support had lower behavior problems at the trend level. Research limitations/implications - This study includes a sample facing multiple risks and uses a holistic approach to consider family and social resources that may support children who are survivors of the armed conflict in Colombia. These results provide a foundation for future promotion and prevention programs related to children’s mental health problems to support peacebuilding within the framework of the Colombian post-conflict process. Originality/value – To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to collect empirical data on the mental health of children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict focused in the Atlantic Department.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-13T18:23:53Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-13T18:23:53Z
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo científico
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 17596599
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/6949
dc.identifier.url.eng.fl_str_mv www.emeraldinsight.com;
identifier_str_mv 17596599
www.emeraldinsight.com;
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/6949
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv pdf
dc.publisher.eng.fl_str_mv Emerald Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research
Vol. XX, N° XX (2020)
institution Universidad Simón Bolívar
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/be8e589f-d81b-4560-a6eb-030e218e804a/download
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/7992dfaf-f276-4de0-a113-35461f201a00/download
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/1fa5cf63-ab9b-409d-946e-e21149204e90/download
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/6f993489-fdc4-4a47-8806-86c939fd86c4/download
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/453d0edc-144f-4c4d-a0e0-a18e73e343b2/download
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/390c4e84-c6d2-4023-bc50-0fef38357a96/download
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/1fc876bb-0518-4188-ba2c-063df4d26973/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv f5254060006d4a5a954b06ab202e9aa0
4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347
733bec43a0bf5ade4d97db708e29b185
bf04eebe265db20731cb47422e9430a6
98f5cdbc4895dc2e57768011cea32d48
32ce6132788836494bde6eb93b2ae2eb
375df725e18da187e6f8a32725091180
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívar
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio.digital@unisimon.edu.co
_version_ 1814076112768073728
spelling Sánchez-Villegas, Milgen979c1701-3755-4f02-8e39-70fc24b96772Reyes-Ruiz, Lizeth5a88d6e4-79f5-4cba-a46e-d7bf5d015fbdTaylor, Laura K.7aee9954-6a8d-41df-a957-1c0639022a97Pérez Ruíz, Natalia Andread12f7942-0d76-4927-b5af-66941899945cCarmona-Alvarado, Farid0429b51d-d76c-4b50-86d9-19dcbd80b55f2021-01-13T18:23:53Z2021-01-13T18:23:53Z202017596599https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/6949www.emeraldinsight.com;Purpose - Colombia presents with one of the largest armed conflicts in the world. Children exposed directly or indirectly to armed conflicts live the emotional footprints left by war. This study identified mental health problems among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict and associated factors. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study with (n=80) children aged 7 to 11 years (M=9.8 years; SD= 1.4) was conducted using the Child Behavior Checklist, Family APGAR, and MOS social support survey adaptation to children. Linear regression analyses were also performed with emotional and behavioral problems as the outcomes and related factors as the predictors. Findings - Clinical levels of emotional and behavioral problems were found in 56.3% of children. Internalizing problems (63.7%) were more common than externalizing problems (51.2%). Older children had greater emotional problems at the trend level, and those with higher functioning families had lower emotional problems. Children with higher perceived social support had lower behavior problems at the trend level. Research limitations/implications - This study includes a sample facing multiple risks and uses a holistic approach to consider family and social resources that may support children who are survivors of the armed conflict in Colombia. These results provide a foundation for future promotion and prevention programs related to children’s mental health problems to support peacebuilding within the framework of the Colombian post-conflict process. Originality/value – To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to collect empirical data on the mental health of children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict focused in the Atlantic Department.pdfengEmerald PublishingAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchVol. XX, N° XX (2020)Mental health problemsFamily functioningSocial supportEmotional and behavioral problemsColombian Armed conflictChildrenAggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflictinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleArtículo científicohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1of Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchReferences Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: Child behavior checklist for ages 6-18, teacher’s report form, youth self-report. In An integrated system of multi-informant assessment.Bannon, W., Devoe, E. R., Klein, T. P., & Miranda, C. (2009). Gender as a moderator of the relationship between child exposure to the World Trade Centre disaster and behavioural outcomes. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475- 3588.2008.00517.xBetancourt, Theresa S, McBain, R. K., Newnham, E. A., & Brennan, R. T. (2015). The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 56(10), 1101–1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12389Betancourt, Theresa S., & Khan, K. T. (2008). The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience. In International Review of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260802090363Bustamante, V. L. (2017). De victimas a sobrevivientes: implicaciones para la construccion de paces en colombia. Antropologia y Sociologia: Virajes, 19, 147+.Carballo, J. J., Serrano-Drozdowskyj, E., Nieto, R. G., De Neira-Hernando, M. D., Pérez- Fominaya, M., Molina-Pizarro, C. A., De León-Martínez, V., & Baca-García, E. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of psychopathology in children and adolescents evaluated with the strengths and difficulties questionnaire dysregulation profile in a clinical setting. Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1159/000360822CDC. (2019). What Are Childhood Mental Disorders? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Chapple, C. L., Tyler, K. A., & Bersani, B. E. (2005). Child neglect and adolescent violence: Examining the effects of self-control and peer rejection. Violence and Victims. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2005.20.1.39Chemtob, C. M., Nomura, Y., & Abramovitz, R. A. (2008). Impact of conjoined exposure to the world trade center attacks and to other traumatic events on the behavioral problems of preschool children. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2007.36Cree, R. A., Bitsko, R. H., Robinson, L. R., Holbrook, J. R., Danielson, M. L., Smith, C., Kaminski, J. W., Kenney, M. K., & Peacock, G. (2018). Health care, family, and community factors associated with mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders and poverty among children aged 2–8 years — United States, 2016. Morbidity and Mortality ResearchWeekly Report. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6750a1Cummings, E.M., Taylor, L.K., Merrilees, C.E., Goeke-Morey, M.C., & Shirlow, P. (2016). Emotional insecurity in the family and community and youth delinquency in Northern Ireland: A person-oriented analysis across five waves. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(1), 47-54.Daniels, J. P. (2018). Mental health in post-conflict Colombia. In The Lancet Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30068-3Dimitry, L. (2012). A systematic review on the mental health of children and adolescents in areas of armed conflict in the Middle East. In Child: Care, Health and Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01246.xEl-Khodary, B., Samara, M., & Askew, C. (2020). Traumatic Events and PTSD Among Palestinian Children and Adolescents: The Effect of Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00004Fernando, C., & Ferrari, M. (2011). Spirituality and resilience in children of war in Sri Lanka. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2011.547138Flink, I. J. E., Restrepo, M. H., Blanco, D. P., Ortegon, M. M., Enriquez, C. L., Beirens, T. M. J., & Raat, H. (2013). Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: A cross-sectional study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(6), 917–926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0611-9Franco, S., Suarez, C. M., Naranjo, C. B., Báez, L. C., & Rozo, P. (2006). The effects of the armed conflict on the life and health in Colombia. In Ciencia e Saude Coletiva. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232006000200013Fremont, W. P. (2004). Childhood reactions to terrorism-induced trauma: A review of the past 10 years. In Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200404000-00004Guerrera, S., Menghini, D., Napoli, E., Di Vara, S., Valeri, G., & Vicari, S. (2019). Assessment of Psychopathological Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Child Behavior Checklist. Frontiers in Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00535Hall, B. J., Tol, W. A., Jordans, M. J. D., Bass, J., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2014). Understanding resilience in armed conflict: social resources and mental health of children in Burundi. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 114, 121–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.042Hall, B. J., Tol, W. A., Jordans, M. J. D., Bass, J., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2014). Understanding resilience in armed conflict: social resources and mental health of children in Burundi. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 114, 121–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.042.xHasanovic, M. (2011). Psychological consequences of war-traumatized children and adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Medica Academica. https://doi.org/10.5644/ama2006- 124.8Jayuphan, J., Sangthong, R., Hayeevani, N. et al. Mental health problems from direct vs indirect exposure to violent events among children born and growing up in a conflict zone of southern Thailand. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 55, 57–62 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01732-8Kadir, A., Shenoda, S., & Goldhagen, J. (2019). Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review. In PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210071Karam, E. G., Fayyad, J., Nasser Karam, A., Cordahi Tabet, C., Melhem, N., Mneimneh, Z., & Dimassi, H. (2008). Effectiveness and specificity of a classroom-based group intervention in children and adolescents exposed to war in Lebanon. World Psychiatry, 7, 103–109.Karam, E. G., Fayyad, J., Karam, A. N., Melhem, N., Mneimneh, Z., Dimassi, H., & Tabet, C. C. (2014). Outcome of Depression and Anxiety After War: A Prospective Epidemiologic Study of Children and Adolescents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(2), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21895Karam, E. G., Fayyad, J. A., Farhat, C., Pluess, M., Haddad, Y. C., Tabet, C. C., Kessler, R. C. (2019). Role of childhood adversities and environmental sensitivity in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in war-exposed Syrian refugee children and adolescents. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.272Kaufman-Shriqui, V., Werbeloff, N., Faroy, M., Meiri, G., Shahar, D. R., Fraser, D., Novack, Y., Gaza war. Depression and Anxiety. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22121 Bilenko, N., Vardi, H., Elhadad, N., Pietrzak, R. H., & Harpaz-Rotem, I. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder among preschoolers exposed to ongoing missile attacks in theKlein, T. P., Devoe, E. R., & Miranda-Julian, C. (2009). Young children’s responses to September 11th: The New York city experience. Infant Mental Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20200Layne, C. M., Olsen, J. A., Baker, A., Legerski, J. P., Isakson, B., Pašalić, A., Duraković-Belko, E., Dapo, N., Ćampara, N., Arslanagić, B., Saltzman, W. R., & Pynoos, R. S. (2010). Unpacking trauma exposure risk factors and differential pathways of influence: predicting postwar mental distress in bosnian adolescents. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01454.xLippman, L. H., Moore, K. A., & McIntosh, H. (2011). Positive Indicators of Child Well-Being: A Conceptual Framework, Measures, and Methodological Issues. Applied Research in Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-011-9138-6Marroquín Rivera, A., Rincón Rodríguez, C. J., Padilla-Muñoz, A., & Gómez-Restrepo, C. (2020). Mental health in adolescents displaced by the armed conflict: findings from the Colombian national mental health survey. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 14(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00327-5McGee, R., & Flórez López, J. (2016). Power, Violence, Citizenship and Agency: A Colombian Case Study. Institute of Development Studies. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/12139Muetzel, R. L., Blanken, L. M. E., Jan van der Ende, Hanan El Marroun, Shaw, P., Sudre, G., Van der Lugt, A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Verhulst, F. C., Tiemeier, H., & White, T. (2018). Tracking brain development and dimensional psychiatric symptoms in children: A longitudinal population-based neuroimaging study. American Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16070813Núñez-Ariza, A., Reyes-Ruiz, L., Sánchez-Villegas, M., Alvarado, F. A. C., Acosta-López, J., & Las Salas, E. M.-D. (2020). Suicidal ideation and family functionality among adolescents of the Colombian caribbean coast . Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica, 39(1), 80–87. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 85085936349&partnerID=40&md5=f0dcfc43615d31fb724823d717f0dcc0Panter-Brick, C., Grimon, M.-P., & Eggerman, M. (2014). Caregiver-child mental health: a prospective study in conflict and refugee settings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 55(4), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12167Pat-Horenczyk, R., Achituv, M., Kagan Rubenstein, A., Khodabakhsh, A., Brom, D., & Chemtob, C. (2012). Growing Up Under Fire: Building Resilience in Young Children and Parents Exposed to Ongoing Missile Attacks. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361521.2012.719595Perou, R., Bitsko, R. H., Blumberg, S. J., Pastor, P., Ghandour, R. M., Gfroerer, J. C., Hedden, S. L., Crosby, A. E., Visser, S. N., Schieve, L. A., Parks, S. E., Hall, J. E., Brody, D., Simile, C. M., Thompson, W. W., Baio, J., Avenevoli, S., Kogan, M. D., Huang, L. N., & CentersPerou, R., Bitsko, R. H., Blumberg, S. J., Pastor, P., Ghandour, R. M., Gfroerer, J. C., Hedden, S. L., Crosby, A. E., Visser, S. N., Schieve, L. A., Parks, S. E., Hall, J. E., Brody, D., Simile, C. M., Thompson, W. W., Baio, J., Avenevoli, S., Kogan, M. D., Huang, L. N., & Centers for Disease Control. (2013). Mental health surveillance among children--United States, 2005-2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002).Posada, R., & Parales, C. (2012). Violencia y desarrollo social: más allá de una perspectiva de trauma; Violence and social development: Beyond a trauma perspective. Univ. Psychol.Rangel-Buitrago, N., Williams, A., Anfuso, G., Arias, M., & Gracia, C. A. (2017). Magnitudes, sources, and management of beach litter along the Atlantico department coastline, Caribbean coast of Colombia. Ocean and Coastal Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.01.021Sánchez-Villegas, M., Reyes-Ruiz, L., & Trejos-Herrera, A. M. (2020). Psychological adjustment in children and families living with HIV. Tempus Psicológico, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.30554/tempuspsi.3.2.3417.2020Sharlin, S. A., Moin, V., & Yahav, R. (2006). When Disaster Becomes Commonplace. Social Work in Health Care, 43(2-3), 95–114. doi:10.1300/j010v43n02_07Shultz J.M., Garfin D.R., Espinel Z., et al (2014) Internally displaced ‘victims of armed conflict’ in Colombia: the trajectory and trauma signature of forced migration. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16, 475.Sim, A., Bowes, L., & Gardner, F. (2018). Modeling the effects of war exposure and daily stressors on maternal mental health, parenting, and child psychosocial adjustment: a crosssectional study with Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Global Mental Health (Cambridge, England), 5, e40. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2018.33Slone, M., & Mann, S. (2016). Effects of War, Terrorism and Armed Conflict on Young Children: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0626-7Smilkstein, G., Ashworth, C., & Montano, D. (1982). Validity and reliability of the family APGAR as a test of family function. Journal of Family Practice.Taylor, L. K. (2016a). Impact of political violence, social trust, and depression on civic participation in Colombia. Peace & Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 22(2), 145- 152.Taylor, L.K. (2016b). Implications of coping strategies and community cohesion for mental health in Colombia. In D. Christie, S. Suffla & M. Seedat (Eds), Enlarging the Scope of Peace Psychology - African and World-Regional Contributions. Switzerland: Springer Peace Psychology Book Series.Taylor, L. K. (2015). Transitional justice, demobilisation and peacebuilding amid political violence: examining individual preferences in the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Peacebuilding. https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2014.928555Taylor, L.K., Merrilees, C.E., Goeke-Morey, M.C., Shirlow, P., & Cummings, E.M. (2016a). Trajectories of adolescent aggression and family cohesion: The potential to perpetuate or ameliorate political conflict. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 45(2), 114-28.Taylor, L. K., Nilsson, M., & Amezquita-Castro, B. (2016b). Reconstructing the social fabric amid on-going violence: Attitudes toward reconciliation and structural transformation in Colombia. Peacebuilding, 4(1), 83-98.Taylor, L.K., Nilsson, M., Forero, P. & Restrepo, A. (2020). Conducting Field Research amid Violence: Experiences from Colombia. In Y. Gülsüm Acar, S. M. Moss, & O.M. Uluğ (Eds.), Researching peace and conflict: Field experiences and methodological reflections (pp. 9-28). United States: Springer Peace Psychology series.Taylor, L.K., Townsend, D., Merrilees, C.E., Goeke-Morey, M.C., Shirlow, P., & Cummings, E.M. (2019). Adolescent civic engagement and perceived political conflict: The role of family cohesion. Youth & Society, 51(5), 616–637.Thabet, A. A. M., Karim, K., & Vostanis, P. (2006). Trauma exposure in pre-school children in a war zone. British Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.2.154Tol, W. A., Komproe, I. H., Jordans, M. J. D., Ndayisaba, A., Ntamutumba, P., Sipsma, H., Smallegange, E. S., Macy, R. D., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2014). School-based mental health intervention for children in war-affected Burundi: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Medicine, 12, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-56Trejos, A. M., Reyes, L., Bahamon, M. J., Alarcón, Y., & Gaviria, G. (2015). Effects in the adherence treatment and psychological adjustment after the disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis with the “DIRÉ” clinical model in Colombian children under 17. Revista Chilena de Infectologia, 32(4), 408–415. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182015000500007U.S. Departmemt of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental health: culture, race, and ethnicity: a supplement to mental health: a report of the surgeon general. US Public Health Service: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2018). Global trends: Forced displacement in 2017. Global Trends.WHO. (2004). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice: Summary Report. Geneva, World Health Organization. Retrieved. Http://Www.Who.Int/Mental_Health/Evidence/En/Promoting_Mhh.Pdf. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2004.00268.xWorld Health Organization, W. (2005). Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policies and Plans. Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package.Worthington, R. (2012). Dealing with trauma as an intervention for aggression: A review of approaches and the value of reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/17596591211208319Zahr, L. K. (1996). Effects of war on the behavior of Lebanese preschool children: Influence of home environment and family functioning. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080190Zandstra, A. R. E., Ormel, J., Hoekstra, P. J., & Hartman, C. A. (2018). Chronic Stressors and Adolescents’ Externalizing Problems: Genetic Moderation by Dopamine Receptor D4. The TRAILS Study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802- 017-0279-4Ziaian, T., de Anstiss, H., Antoniou, G., Baghurst, P., & Sawyer, M. (2012). Resilience and Its Association with Depression, Emotional and Behavioural Problems, and Mental Health Service Utilisation among Refugee Adolescents Living in South Australia. International Journal of Population Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/485956Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. (2013). ¡Basta ya! Colombia: Memorias de guerra y dignidad. Informe General. In Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004Chemisquy, S., & Oros, L. B. (2020). El Perfeccionismo Desadaptativo como Predictor de la Soledad y del Escaso Apoyo Social Percibido en Niños y Niñas Argentinos. Revista colombiana de psicología, 29(2), 105–123.Cogollo, Z., & De la Hoz, F. P. (2018). Factores asociados a la susceptibilidad al consumo de cigarrillo en escolares de 10 y 11 años en Cartagena, Colombia. Revista de Salud Pública. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v20n1.47473Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. (2019). Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018 y desafíos socioeconómicos para la región Caribe. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/informacion-tecnica/presentacionesterritorio/ 080819-CNPV-presentacion-RegionCaribe.pdfGómez-Restrepo, C., Bohórquez, A., Tamayo Martínez, N., Rondón, M., Bautista, N., Rengifo, H., & Medina Rico, M. (2016). Trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad y factores asociados en la población de adolescentes colombianos, Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2016.09.009Gómez-Restrepo, C., Cruz-Ramírez, V., Medina-Rico, M., & Rincón, C. J. (2018). Original Salud mental en niños desplazados por conflicto armado -Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental Colombia 2015 Mental health in displaced children by armed conflict -National Mental Health Survey Colombia 2015. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 4646(22), 51–751. https://www.actaspsiquiatria.es/repositorio/20/112/ESP/20-112-ESP-51-7-517221.pdfGómez Builes, G. M., Astaiza Arias, G. M., & Minayo, M. C. de S. (2008). Las migraciones forzadas por la violencia: el caso de Colombia. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232008000500028González-Pastrana, Y., & Díaz-Montes, C. (2015). Características familiares relacionadas con el estado nutricional en escolares de la ciudad de Cartagena. Revista de Salud Publica. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v17n6.43642Hewitt Ramírez, N., Gantiva Díaz, C. A., Vera Maldonado, A., Cuervo Rodríguez, M. P., Nelly Liliam, H. O., Juárez, F., & Parada Baños, A. J. (2014). Afectaciones psicológicas de niños y adolescentes expuestos al conflicto armado en una zona rural de Colombia. Acta Colombiana de Psicologia, 17(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2014.17.1.9Hewitt Ramírez, N., Jaimes, S., Vera, L. ., & Villa, M.-C. (2012). Características psicométricas del cuestionario de comportamientos infantiles CBCL en niños y adolescentes colombianos. ResearchUniversidad de San Buenaventura.Mels, C. (2012). Entre pobreza y violencia: ¿cómo afectan los estresores diarios y la violencia a adolescentes en zonas de guerra? Ciencias Psicológicas. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v6il.69 Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. (2013). Plan Decenal de Salud Pública, PDSP, 2012- 2021.Registro Único de Víctimas (RUV). (2020). Víctimas conflicto armado. Red Nacional de Información RNI.https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/registro-unico-de-victimasruv/ 37394Rodríguez de Bernal M. C. & Rubiano Soto N. (2016) Salud Mental y Atención Primaria En Salud: Una Necesidad Apremiante Para El Caso Colombiano. [Mental Health and Primary Healthcare: A Pressing Need for the Colombian Case.] Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos.Rodriguez Espínola, S. (2010). Relación entre nivel socioeconómico, apoyo social percibido, género y depresión en niños. Interdisciplinaria.Rodríguez Espínola, S. (2011). Adaptación a niños del cuestionario MOS de apoyo social percibido. LIBERABIT: Lima (Perú).Rojas, J. C. (2016). Etapas del conflicto armado en Colombia: hacia el posconflicto. Latinoamérica. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos https://doi.org/10.1016/j.larev.2016.06.010Tamayo Martínez, N., Rincón Rodríguez, C. J., de Santacruz, C., Bautista Bautista, N., Collazos, J., & Gómez–Restrepo, C. (2016). Problemas mentales, trastornos del afecto y de ansiedad en la población desplazada por la violencia en Colombia, resultados de la Encuesta ResearchNacional de Salud Mental 2015. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2016.09.004Taylor., L.K. (2012). Relaciones entre la violencia, salud mental, participación ciudadana, y actitudes hacia la justicia transicional en la Costa Caribe de Colombia. Revista Palobra, “Palabra Que Obra.” https://doi.org/10.32997/2346-2884-vol.12-num.12-2012-148Valencia-Suescún, M. I., Ramírez, M., Fajardo, M. A., & Ospina-Alvarado, M. C. (2015). De la afectación a nuevas posibilidades: niñas y niños en el conflicto armado colombiano. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13(2), 1037–1050. https://doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.13234251114ORIGINALPDF.pdfPDF.pdfPDFapplication/pdf286178https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/be8e589f-d81b-4560-a6eb-030e218e804a/downloadf5254060006d4a5a954b06ab202e9aa0MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/7992dfaf-f276-4de0-a113-35461f201a00/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8381https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/1fa5cf63-ab9b-409d-946e-e21149204e90/download733bec43a0bf5ade4d97db708e29b185MD53TEXTPDF_Proof.PDF.txtPDF_Proof.PDF.txtExtracted texttext/plain58250https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/6f993489-fdc4-4a47-8806-86c939fd86c4/downloadbf04eebe265db20731cb47422e9430a6MD54PDF.pdf.txtPDF.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain58825https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/453d0edc-144f-4c4d-a0e0-a18e73e343b2/download98f5cdbc4895dc2e57768011cea32d48MD56THUMBNAILPDF_Proof.PDF.jpgPDF_Proof.PDF.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1247https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/390c4e84-c6d2-4023-bc50-0fef38357a96/download32ce6132788836494bde6eb93b2ae2ebMD55PDF.pdf.jpgPDF.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg3263https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/1fc876bb-0518-4188-ba2c-063df4d26973/download375df725e18da187e6f8a32725091180MD5720.500.12442/6949oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/69492024-08-14 21:52:39.529http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalopen.accesshttps://bonga.unisimon.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívarrepositorio.digital@unisimon.edu.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