Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela
Introduction. This research analyzes whether health is among the three main expenditures that a household allocates from its income in the population at the base of the pyramid (BoP) and whether there is an association with people belonging to different socioeconomic levels of the BoP in the state o...
- Autores:
-
Contreras-Velásquez, Julio C.
García-Navarro, Jorge Isaac
Contreras Velasquez, Zaida Rocío
Londoño Arias1, José Alban
Albornoz, Neida
Rosario-Cohen, Miguel
Torres, Maritza
Angarita, Lissé
Contreras, Camilo
Garcia-Pacheco, Henry
Bermúdez, Valmore
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Simón Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital USB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/13146
- Palabra clave:
- Base of the pyramid
Socioeconomic level
Health spending
Poverty
Base de la pirámide
Nivel socioeconómico
Gasto sanitario
Pobreza
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
La importancia del gasto en salud en la población de la Base de la Pirámide (BoP) de Táchira, Venezuela |
| title |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela |
| spellingShingle |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela Base of the pyramid Socioeconomic level Health spending Poverty Base de la pirámide Nivel socioeconómico Gasto sanitario Pobreza |
| title_short |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela |
| title_full |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela |
| title_fullStr |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela |
| title_sort |
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Contreras-Velásquez, Julio C. García-Navarro, Jorge Isaac Contreras Velasquez, Zaida Rocío Londoño Arias1, José Alban Albornoz, Neida Rosario-Cohen, Miguel Torres, Maritza Angarita, Lissé Contreras, Camilo Garcia-Pacheco, Henry Bermúdez, Valmore |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Contreras-Velásquez, Julio C. García-Navarro, Jorge Isaac Contreras Velasquez, Zaida Rocío Londoño Arias1, José Alban Albornoz, Neida Rosario-Cohen, Miguel Torres, Maritza Angarita, Lissé Contreras, Camilo Garcia-Pacheco, Henry Bermúdez, Valmore |
| dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Base of the pyramid Socioeconomic level Health spending Poverty |
| topic |
Base of the pyramid Socioeconomic level Health spending Poverty Base de la pirámide Nivel socioeconómico Gasto sanitario Pobreza |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Base de la pirámide Nivel socioeconómico Gasto sanitario Pobreza |
| description |
Introduction. This research analyzes whether health is among the three main expenditures that a household allocates from its income in the population at the base of the pyramid (BoP) and whether there is an association with people belonging to different socioeconomic levels of the BoP in the state of Táchira, Venezuela. Methods. Data was obtained from a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 1,398 households in the Táchira region, Venezuela, which were classified by socioeconomic levels through the construction of a global synthetic index that, through scales, allows segmenting households by poverty conditions, from the most intense poverty condition to the most favorable non-poverty condition respectively, resulting in 675 households at the base of the pyramid. Results. For households at BoP levels 2 and 3, health expenditures are presented in greater proportion than in level 1, with a value of 55.74% and 51.77%, respectively, while in level 1 only 26.67% of households included health ex- penditures among the top three, likewise there is evidence of association between the BoP level and the categories of expenditures on housing, public services, health, and education. Conclusions. The results of this research also confirm the theory that the BoP population is heterogeneous due to socio-cultural differences, evidenced in the association that exists between health expenditure and socioeconomic level, when rejecting the hypothesis of independence, which means that the proportion of households that consider health expenditure important varies depending on which level of the BoP they are in. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-16T18:12:22Z |
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2023-08-16T18:12:22Z |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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Artículo científico |
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26107996 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/13146 |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7625661 |
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26107996 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/13146 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7625661 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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pdf |
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Sociedad Latinoamericana de Hipertensión |
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Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión Vol. 17, No. 7 (2022) |
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Universidad Simón Bolívar |
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Contreras-Velásquez, Julio C.6b687042-f00c-45b9-84b7-a302c45e27ceGarcía-Navarro, Jorge Isaac4613401d-3ee2-4ee7-a2b0-a7f58abc1068Contreras Velasquez, Zaida Rocíob646efff-944d-4b29-8be1-fccfc28063e4Londoño Arias1, José Albanb937d790-8de2-40e6-9672-feb35fd48ca6Albornoz, Neidae4a7aad6-4495-44d3-ab63-fb99363bd0c0Rosario-Cohen, Miguel5b23087b-2621-4bac-a3da-bca2061342d8Torres, Maritza4a2fb4bf-1dad-4c34-9d52-0b205b381716Angarita, Lissécd37d36e-0d41-457f-9dc8-1ed5b9201b16Contreras, Camilo611cf801-73a3-4ab6-ac5c-65007929f8c5Garcia-Pacheco, Henry69a86d2c-d772-401d-bf91-61bde8524c8dBermúdez, Valmore29f9aa18-16a4-4fd3-8ce5-ed94a0b8663a2023-08-16T18:12:22Z2023-08-16T18:12:22Z202226107996https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/13146https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7625661Introduction. This research analyzes whether health is among the three main expenditures that a household allocates from its income in the population at the base of the pyramid (BoP) and whether there is an association with people belonging to different socioeconomic levels of the BoP in the state of Táchira, Venezuela. Methods. Data was obtained from a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 1,398 households in the Táchira region, Venezuela, which were classified by socioeconomic levels through the construction of a global synthetic index that, through scales, allows segmenting households by poverty conditions, from the most intense poverty condition to the most favorable non-poverty condition respectively, resulting in 675 households at the base of the pyramid. Results. For households at BoP levels 2 and 3, health expenditures are presented in greater proportion than in level 1, with a value of 55.74% and 51.77%, respectively, while in level 1 only 26.67% of households included health ex- penditures among the top three, likewise there is evidence of association between the BoP level and the categories of expenditures on housing, public services, health, and education. Conclusions. The results of this research also confirm the theory that the BoP population is heterogeneous due to socio-cultural differences, evidenced in the association that exists between health expenditure and socioeconomic level, when rejecting the hypothesis of independence, which means that the proportion of households that consider health expenditure important varies depending on which level of the BoP they are in.Introducción. Esta investigación analiza si la salud se encuentra entre los tres principales gastos que un hogar destina de sus ingresos en la población de la base de la pirámide (BdP) y si existe una asociación con las personas pertenecientes a los diferentes niveles socioeconómicos de la BdP en el estado Táchira, Venezuela. Métodos. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de un cuestionario estructura-do aplicado a una muestra de 1.398 hogares de la región de Táchira, Venezuela, los cuales fueron clasificados por niveles socioeconómicos mediante la construcción de un índice sintético global que, a través de escalas, permite segmentar los hogares por condiciones de pobreza, desde la condición de pobreza más intensa hasta la condición de no pobreza más favorable respectivamente, resultando 675 hogares en la base de la pirámide. Resultados. Para los hogares en los niveles 2 y 3 de la BoP, los gastos en salud se presentan en mayor proporción que en el nivel 1, con un valor de 55.74% y 51.77%, respectivamente, mientras que en el nivel 1 sólo el 26.67% de los hogares incluyeron los gastos en salud entre los tres principales, así mismo existe evidencia de asociación entre el nivel de la BoP y las categorías de gastos en vivienda, servicios públi-cos, salud y educación. Conclusiones. Los resultados de esta investigación también confirman la teoría que la población BoP es heterogénea debido a diferencias socioculturales, evidenciado en la asociación que existe entre el gasto en salud y el nivel socioeconómico, al rechazar la hipótesis de independencia, lo que significa que la proporción de hogares que consideran el gasto en salud importante varía dependiendo en qué nivel de la BoP se encuentre.pdfengSociedad Latinoamericana de HipertensiónAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Revista Latinoamericana de HipertensiónVol. 17, No. 7 (2022)Base of the pyramidSocioeconomic levelHealth spendingPovertyBase de la pirámideNivel socioeconómicoGasto sanitarioPobrezaImportance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, VenezuelaLa importancia del gasto en salud en la población de la Base de la Pirámide (BoP) de Táchira, Venezuelainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleArtículo científicohttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Yunus M. Creating a world without poverty: Social business and the future of capitalism. PublicAffairs; 2007.Counts A. Small loans, big dreams: How Nobel prize winner Muhammed Yunus and microfinance are changing the world. 1a ed. Chichester, Inglaterra: John Wiley & Sons; 2008Kliksberg B. América Latina: La Región más Desigual de Todas. Revista de ciencias sociales. 2009;11(3). Available at: http://dx.doi. org/10.31876/rcs.v11i3.25295Pineda-Escobar MA. Negocios y sostenibilidad en la Base de la Pirámide. Punto Vista [Internet]. 2015;5(9). Available at: http://dx.doi. org/10.15765/pdv.v5i9.566Praceus S. Consumer innovation at the base of the pyramid: Emerging patterns of user innovation in a resource-scarce setting. Springer Gabler; 2014.Prahalad CK, Hart SL. The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid. Rev Eletrônica Estratég Neg [Internet]. 2010;1(2):1. Available at: http:// dx.doi.org/10.19177/reen.v1e220081-23Prahalad CK. 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York, Inglaterra: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; 1996.Daly M, Leonard M. Against All Odds: Family Life on a Low Income in Ireland. Dublin: Combat Poverty Agency; 2002.Andreasen AR. The Disadvantaged Consumer. Nueva York, NY, United States of America: Free Press; 1975.Chikweche T, Fletcher R. Understanding factors that influence purchases in subsistence markets. J Bus Res [Internet]. 2010;63(6):643– 50. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.04.024García JI, Albornoz N, Mazuera R, D. Aleta J., Contreras AR, González WR, et al. El Táchira en cifras. El contrabando en las ciudades de frontera desde la perspectiva de la institucionalidad. San Cristóbal: UCAT; 2016.Coleman RP. The continuing significance of social class to marketing. J Consum Res [Internet]. 1983;10(3):265. Available at: http://dx.doi. org/10.1086/208966Camelo H. Subdeclaración de ingresos medios en las encuestas de hogares, según quintiles de hogares y fuente del ingreso. Segundo Taller Regional sobre Medición del Ingreso en las Encuestas de Hogares- LC/R. :459–73.Llach J, Montoya S. En pos de la equidad: la pobreza y la distribución del ingreso en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, diagnóstico y alternativas de políticas. Buenos Aires: IERAL; 1999.Roca E, Pena H. La Declaración de Ingresos en las Encuestas de Hogares. En: 5° Congreso Nacional de Estudios del Trabajo. Buenos Aires: ASET; 2001. p. 1–24.Minujin A, Bang JH. Indicadores de inequidad social. Acerca del uso del” índice de bienes” para la distribución de los hogares. Desarrollo Económico. 2002;42(165):129 46.Loayza NV, Rancière R, Servén L, Ventura J. Macroeconomic volatility and welfare in developing countries: An introduction. World Bank Econ Rev [Internet]. 2007;21(3):343–57. Available at: http://dx.doi. org/10.1093/wber/lhm017Vélez EC, Moreno H. Metodología estadística del modelo de ponderaciones del sistema de selección de beneficiarios de programas sociales SISBEN. Bogotá: Departamento Nacional de Planeación; 1994.Camardiel A, Vásquez M, Ramírez G. Una propuesta para la construcción de un Índice Sintético de Pobreza. Revista venezolana de análisis de coyuntura. 2000;121 42.van der Burg E, de Leeuw J, Verdegaal R. Homogeneity analysis withk sets of variables: An alternating least squares method with optimal scaling features. Psychometrika [Internet]. 1988;53(2):177–97. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02294131Vyas S, Kumaranayake L. Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan [Internet]. 2006;21(6):459–68. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ heapol/czl029Kolenikov S, Angeles G. Socioeconomic status measurement withdiscrete proxy variables: Is principal component analysis a reliable answer? Rev Income Wealth [Internet]. 2009;55(1):128–65. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2008.00309.xKhudri MM, Chowdhury F. Evaluation of socio-economic status of households and identifying key determinants of poverty in Bangladesh. European Journal of Social Sciences. 2013;27(3):377–87.McKenzie DJ. Measuring inequality with asset indicators. J Popul Econ [Internet]. 2005;18(2):229–60. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00148-005-0224-7Filmer D, Pritchett LH. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears: An application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography [Internet]. 2001;38(1):115. Available at: http:// dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088292Hammond AL, Kramer WJ, Katz RS, Tran JT, Walker C. The next 4 billion: Market size and business strategy at the base of the pyramid. Washington D.C., United States: World Resources Institute; 2007.Donza E. Incidencia de la no respuesta a las preguntas de ingresos en la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares, consideraciones teóricas y efectos. Gran Buenos Aires 1990-2010. IX Jornadas de Sociología. 2011;8 12.Feres JC. Falta de respuesta a las preguntas sobre el ingreso: su magnitud y efectos en las encuestas de hogares de América Latina. Segundo Taller Regional sobre Medición del Ingreso en las Encuestas de Hogares-LC/R 1886-1998, BID. 1998;399 422. 2Gómez PS. Construcción de estratos socioeconómicos en Paraguay: aplicación con análisis de componentes principales en R. 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