Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against proteins bound to negatively charged phospholipids. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized as an acquired autoimmune disorder associated with different obstetric compl...
- Autores:
-
Giraldo Calderón, Luisa Fernanda
Henao Henao, Madeleine
Gómez Rave, Lyz Jenny
Sierra Castrillo, Jhoalmis
Muñoz Bravo, Adriana Ximena
Bermúdez, Valmore
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Simón Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital USB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/13151
- Palabra clave:
- Antibodies
Pregnancy
Thrombosis
Diagnosis
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Anticuerpos
Embarazo
Trombosis
Diagnóstico
Síndrome antifosfolípido
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
| id |
USIMONBOL2_b243a5ca9e526f126532f8e2c9b851ec |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/13151 |
| network_acronym_str |
USIMONBOL2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Digital USB |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Pruebas de laboratorio empleadas para el diagnóstico del síndrome antifosfolípidos durante la gestación |
| title |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women |
| spellingShingle |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women Antibodies Pregnancy Thrombosis Diagnosis Antiphospholipid syndrome Anticuerpos Embarazo Trombosis Diagnóstico Síndrome antifosfolípido |
| title_short |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women |
| title_full |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women |
| title_fullStr |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women |
| title_sort |
Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Giraldo Calderón, Luisa Fernanda Henao Henao, Madeleine Gómez Rave, Lyz Jenny Sierra Castrillo, Jhoalmis Muñoz Bravo, Adriana Ximena Bermúdez, Valmore |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Giraldo Calderón, Luisa Fernanda Henao Henao, Madeleine Gómez Rave, Lyz Jenny Sierra Castrillo, Jhoalmis Muñoz Bravo, Adriana Ximena Bermúdez, Valmore |
| dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Antibodies Pregnancy Thrombosis Diagnosis Antiphospholipid syndrome Anticuerpos |
| topic |
Antibodies Pregnancy Thrombosis Diagnosis Antiphospholipid syndrome Anticuerpos Embarazo Trombosis Diagnóstico Síndrome antifosfolípido |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Embarazo Trombosis Diagnóstico Síndrome antifosfolípido |
| description |
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against proteins bound to negatively charged phospholipids. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized as an acquired autoimmune disorder associated with different obstetric complications, defined as a state of hypercoagulability, which causes a wide range of complications associated with placental insufficiency including recurrent gestational loss, fetal death, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, among others. Its diagnosis is based on the Sidney criteria which include adverse obstetric history such as: (i) three consecutive miscarriages and spontaneous abortions prior to 10 weeks gestation (ii) fetal loss on one or more occasions at 10 weeks gestation and (iii) fetal death or preterm delivery due to eclampsia or severe preeclampsia or placental insufficiency prior to 34 weeks gestation, and laboratory findings such as (i) two positive tests for lupus anticoagulant (LA) at least 12 weeks apart (ii) two positive results for acL IgG or IgM at least 12 weeks apart and (iii) two positive results for 2GPI IgG or IgM at least 12 weeks apart. The laboratory tests give rise to an antibody profile related to the risk of complications; thus establishing as a high-risk profile, the presence of AL accompanied or not by high titers for acL or aβ2GPI. On the other hand, it is important to perform a differential diagnosis with other thrombotic microangiopathies with implications in pregnancy and to rule out the presence of different entities that may course with production of antiphospholipid antibodies. Based on these aspects and the severity of the syndrome under study, articles are required to determine the importance of the laboratory tests used for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnant women. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-17T13:14:19Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-17T13:14:19Z |
| dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo científico |
| dc.identifier.citation.eng.fl_str_mv |
Luisa Fernanda Giraldo Calderón, Madeleine Henao Henao, Lyz Jenny Gómez Rave, Jhoalmis Sierra Castrillo, Adriana Ximena Muñoz Bravo, & Valmore Bermúdez. (2022). Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415369 |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
26107996 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/13151 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415369 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Luisa Fernanda Giraldo Calderón, Madeleine Henao Henao, Lyz Jenny Gómez Rave, Jhoalmis Sierra Castrillo, Adriana Ximena Muñoz Bravo, & Valmore Bermúdez. (2022). Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415369 26107996 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/13151 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415369 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Sociedad Latinoamericana de Hipertensión |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Vol. 17 - Nº 6 (2022) |
| institution |
Universidad Simón Bolívar |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/96b0d682-8589-4427-bc01-1e19c7103c32/download https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/aebfcd52-f2f0-4d47-91cf-09980a9e5bc2/download https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/a5d0742f-3a69-4ef3-a93c-06811be9d6bf/download https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/4011d333-13e7-4546-8e58-1f157ffc7b95/download https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/25f34c99-e4c1-4281-9196-659ab858921f/download https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/4bc32f1d-0218-4f89-86cf-517288d9842a/download https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/d2eb757a-1a52-4c04-a014-091d8c36cf03/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
e25c9fcd50f4e3229859084387a5af50 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 733bec43a0bf5ade4d97db708e29b185 90b256426aa71c2ff7655fe42f72d530 90b256426aa71c2ff7655fe42f72d530 4920335634e046940e639b292430fd78 4920335634e046940e639b292430fd78 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívar |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio.digital@unisimon.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814076135434092544 |
| spelling |
Giraldo Calderón, Luisa Fernanda81569963-2091-4a28-823c-fbfd1f9a63a1Henao Henao, Madeleinef4086688-6222-429f-ac70-013888f95c2cGómez Rave, Lyz Jenny00dcb0e2-25c0-4431-b242-31f74fff35a1Sierra Castrillo, Jhoalmisb428e633-f0b7-4511-8e99-8c7c2f6fe31bMuñoz Bravo, Adriana Ximena1a252d90-68a7-4b41-bf21-434e8cf0c0b4Bermúdez, Valmore29f9aa18-16a4-4fd3-8ce5-ed94a0b8663a2023-08-17T13:14:19Z2023-08-17T13:14:19Z2022Luisa Fernanda Giraldo Calderón, Madeleine Henao Henao, Lyz Jenny Gómez Rave, Jhoalmis Sierra Castrillo, Adriana Ximena Muñoz Bravo, & Valmore Bermúdez. (2022). Laboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant women. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.741536926107996https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/13151https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415369Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against proteins bound to negatively charged phospholipids. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized as an acquired autoimmune disorder associated with different obstetric complications, defined as a state of hypercoagulability, which causes a wide range of complications associated with placental insufficiency including recurrent gestational loss, fetal death, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, among others. Its diagnosis is based on the Sidney criteria which include adverse obstetric history such as: (i) three consecutive miscarriages and spontaneous abortions prior to 10 weeks gestation (ii) fetal loss on one or more occasions at 10 weeks gestation and (iii) fetal death or preterm delivery due to eclampsia or severe preeclampsia or placental insufficiency prior to 34 weeks gestation, and laboratory findings such as (i) two positive tests for lupus anticoagulant (LA) at least 12 weeks apart (ii) two positive results for acL IgG or IgM at least 12 weeks apart and (iii) two positive results for 2GPI IgG or IgM at least 12 weeks apart. The laboratory tests give rise to an antibody profile related to the risk of complications; thus establishing as a high-risk profile, the presence of AL accompanied or not by high titers for acL or aβ2GPI. On the other hand, it is important to perform a differential diagnosis with other thrombotic microangiopathies with implications in pregnancy and to rule out the presence of different entities that may course with production of antiphospholipid antibodies. Based on these aspects and the severity of the syndrome under study, articles are required to determine the importance of the laboratory tests used for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnant women.El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) es una enfermedad autoinmune que se caracteriza por la presencia de autoanticuerpos contra proteínas unidas a fosfolípidos de carga negativa. El síndrome antifosfolípido obstétrico (SAFO), se caracteriza por ser una alteración autoinmune adquirida asociada con diferentes complicaciones obstétricas, definiéndose como un estado de hipercoagulabilidad; que provoca una amplia gama de complicaciones que se asocian con insuficiencia placentaria incluyendo, pérdida gestacional recurrente, muerte fetal, preeclampsia, partos prematuros, entre otros. Su diagnóstico se basa en los criterios de Sidney los cuales incluyen antecedentes obstétricos adversos como: (i) tres abortos consecutivos y espontáneos previos a la semana 10 de gestación (ii) perdida fetal en una o más ocasiones a las 10 semanas de gestación y (iii) muerte fetal o parto prematuro por eclampsia o preeclampsia grave o por insuficiencia placentaria antes de las 34 semanas de gestación y resultados de laboratorio como (i) dos pruebas positivas para anticoagulante lúpico (AL) con al menos 12 semanas de diferencia (ii) dos resultados positivos para acL IgG o IgM con al menos 12 semanas de diferencia y (iii) dos resultados positivos para 2GPI IgG o IgM con 12 semanas de diferencia como mínimo. Las pruebas de laboratorio dan origen a un perfil de anticuerpos relacionado con el riesgo de complicaciones; estableciendo de esta manera como un perfil de alto riesgo, la presencia de AL acompañado o no de títulos altos para acL o aβ2GPI. Por otro lado, es importante realizar un diagnóstico diferencial con otras microangiopatías trombóticas con implicaciones en el embarazo y descartar la presencia de diferentes entidades que puedan cursar con producción de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos. Partiendo de estos aspectos y de la gravedad del síndrome en estudio se requiere de artículos que determinen la importancia de las pruebas de laboratorio utilizadas para el diagnóstico del síndrome antifosfolípidos en mujeres embarazadas.pdfengSociedad Latinoamericana de HipertensiónAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Revista Latinoamericana de HipertensiónVol. 17 - Nº 6 (2022)AntibodiesPregnancyThrombosisDiagnosisAntiphospholipid syndromeAnticuerposEmbarazoTrombosisDiagnósticoSíndrome antifosfolípidoLaboratory tests for antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis in pregnant womenPruebas de laboratorio empleadas para el diagnóstico del síndrome antifosfolípidos durante la gestacióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleArtículo científicohttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Cervera R. Therapeutic strategies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Reumatología Clínica. 2010;6(1):37-42. DOI:10.1016/j.reuma. 2008.11.020Esteve-Valverde E, Ferrer-Oliveras R, Alijotas-Reig J. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Spanish Clinical Journal. 2016;216(3):135-45. DOI:10.1016/j.rce.2015.09.003Silver RM. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and pregnancy. Seminars in Perinatology. 2018;42(1):26-32. DOI:10.1080/14767058 .2017.1422715Ardila-Suarez O, Gómez-Puerta JA, Khamashta MA. Diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome: From an historical perspective to the emergence of new autoantibodies. Medicina Clínica (Spanish Edition). 2016;146(12):555-60.Abrahams VM, Chamley LW, Salmon JE. Emerging Treatment Models in Rheumatology: Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Pregnancy: Pathogenesis to Translation. Arthritis and Rheumatology. 2017;69(9):1710- 21. DOI:10.1002/art.40136Restrepo Ocampo C, Arango Gutiérrez L, Rodríguez Padilla LM, Mesa Navas MA, Velásquez Franco CJ, Gutiérrez Marín JH, et al. Clinical manifestations and maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome at a high complexity institution: Descriptive study. Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition). 2020;27(2):73-9. DOI:10.1016/j.rcreue.2020.06.003Tsikouras P, Deftereou T, Anthoulaki X, Bothou A, Chalkidou A, Christoforidou A, et al. Thrombophilia and Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management. In: Embolic Diseases - Evolving Diagnostic and Management Approaches. IntechOpen; 2020. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.85005Galarza-Maldonado C, Kourilovitch MR, Pérez-Fernández OM, Gaybor M, Cordero C, Cabrera S, et al. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmunity Reviews. 2012;11(4):288-95. DOI:10.1016/j. autrev.2011.10.006Ahluwalia J, Sreedharanunni S. The Laboratory Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. 2017;33(1):8-14. DOI:10.1007/s12288-016-0739-yChaturvedi S, Brodsky RA, McCrae KR. Complement in the Pathophysiology of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019;10. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00449Tedesco F, Borghi MO, Gerosa M, Chighizola CB, Macor P, Lonati PA, et al. Pathogenic Role of Complement in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Therapeutic Implications. Frontiers in Immunology. 2018;9. DOI:0.3389/fimmu.2018.01388Arslan E, Branch DW. Antiphospholipid syndrome: Diagnosis and management in the obstetric patient. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2020;64:31-40. DOI:10.1016/j.bpobgyn. 2019.10.001Guibert Toledano Z, Reyes Llerena A, Rigñack Ramírez L, Acosta Lopera D, Salgado Galloso S. Pregnancy and puerperium in systemic lupus erythematosus.Update. Cuban Journal of Rheumatology. 2013;15(2).Kovács M, Hartwig M, Aleksza M, Tihanyi M, Nagy T, Vajda G, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies in relation to sterility/infertility. Human Immunology. 2012;73(7):726-31. DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2012.04.003Tufano A, Coppola A, Maruotti GM, Martinelli P, Cerbone AM, di Minno G. HELLP syndrome and its relation with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood Transfusion. 2014;12(1):114-8. DOI: 10.2450/2013.0154-13.Nassar A, Uthman I, Eid J, Khamashta M. Treatment of Pregnancy Complications in Antiphospholipid Syndrome. In 2017;78(2):257-79. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213846Llerena GAR, Guibert M, Álvarez Villanueva RR, Jesús Núñez Hernández N, Raúl I v, Prieto V. Obstetrical antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in a case series in Cuba [Internet]. Vol. 42, Cuban Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016Garcia D, Akl EA, Carr R, Kearon C. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of recurrence after a first episode of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review. 2013. DOI:10.1182/blood-2013-04-496257.Vandevelde A, Devreese KMJ. Laboratory Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Insights and Hindrances. Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]. 2022;11(8):2164. DOI:10.3390/jcm11082164Devreese KMJ, Zuily S, Meroni PL. Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Journal of Translational Autoimmunity. 2021;4:100134. DOI:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100134Escobar Martinez M. Antiphospholipid syndrome: generalities and diagnosis. Medicina y Laboratorio. 2013;19(11).Heikal N, Martins TB, White SK, Willis R, Ware Branch D, Schmidt RL, et al. Laboratory Evaluation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2019;15. DOI:10.1093/ajcp/aqz085.Montaruli B, de Luna E, Erroi L, Marchese C, Mengozzi G, Napoli P, et al. Analytical and clinical comparison of different immunoassay systems for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 2016;38(2):172-82. DOI:10.1111/ ijlh.12466Devreese KMJ, Zuily S, Meroni PL. Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Journal of Translational Autoimmunity. 2021;4:100134. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100134Benítez Cabrera A. Determination of antiphospholipid antibodies and their relationship to thrombosis in patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome. [Morelia]: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; 2016Pouymiró Pubillones P, Pouymiró Brooks Y, Pouymiró Brooks I. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. MEDISAN. 2012;16(3):429Pires da Rosa G, Bettencourt P, Rodríguez-Pintó I, Cervera R, Espinosa G. “Non-criteria” antiphospholipid syndrome: A nomenclature proposal. Autoimmunity Reviews. 2020;19(12):102689. DOI:10.1016/j. autrev.2020.102689Alijotas-Reig J, Esteve-Valverde E, Anunciación-Llunell A, Marques- Soares J, Pardos-Gea J, Miró-Mur F. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;11(3):675.DOI: 10.3390/ jcm11030675Sammaritano LR. Antiphospholipid syndrome. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2020;34(1):101463. DOI:10.1016/j. berh.2019.101463Sammaritano LR. Antiphospholipid syndrome. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2020;34(1):101463. DOI:10.1016/j. berh.2019.101463Garcia D, Erkan D. Diagnosis and Management of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(21):2010–Habe K, Wada H, Matsumoto T, Ohishi K, Ikejiri M, Matsubara K, et al. Presence of antiphospholipid antibody is a risk factor in thrombotic events in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome or relevant diseases. International Journal of Hematology. 2013;97(3):345-50. DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5536DetailsCousins L, Pericleous C, Khamashta M, Bertolaccini ML, Ioannou Y, Giles I, et al. Antibodies to domain I of β-2-glycoprotein I and IgA antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with ‘seronegative’ antiphospholipid syndrome. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2015;74(1):317-9. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206483Camarena Cabrera DMA, Rodriguez-Jaimes C, Acevedo-Gallegos S, Gallardo-Gaona JM, Velazquez-Torres B, Ramírez-Calvo JA. Controversies Concerning the Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Obstetrics. Reumatología Clínica (Spanish Edition). 2017;13(1):30-6. DOI:10.1016/j. reumae.2016.04.005 Full text access.Rodríguez Pérez L, Castillo González D, Cabrera Payne Y, Tejeda González M. Antiphospholipid syndrome in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: laboratory diagnosis. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter. 2015;31(4).Silver RM. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and pregnancy. Seminars in Perinatology. 2018;42(1):26-32. DOI:10.1053/j.semperi. 2017.11.006de Carolis S, Tabacco S, Rizzo F, Giannini A, Botta A, Salvi S, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome: An update on risk factors for pregnancy outcome. Autoimmunity Reviews. 2018;17(10):956-66. DOI:10.1016/j. autrev.2018.03.018Leal D, Zubiaurre V, Danza Á, Stevenazzi M. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Uruguayan Journal of Internal Medicine. 2021;06(02).Esteve-Valverde E, Ferrer-Oliveras R, Alijotas-Reig J. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Spanish Clinical Journal. 2016;216(3):135-45. DOI:10.1016/j.rce.2015.09.003ORIGINALPDF.pdfPDF.pdfPDFapplication/pdf247897https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/96b0d682-8589-4427-bc01-1e19c7103c32/downloade25c9fcd50f4e3229859084387a5af50MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/aebfcd52-f2f0-4d47-91cf-09980a9e5bc2/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8381https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/a5d0742f-3a69-4ef3-a93c-06811be9d6bf/download733bec43a0bf5ade4d97db708e29b185MD53TEXT06_2022_GC_ART_Laboratory test.pdf.txt06_2022_GC_ART_Laboratory test.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain38272https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/4011d333-13e7-4546-8e58-1f157ffc7b95/download90b256426aa71c2ff7655fe42f72d530MD54PDF.pdf.txtPDF.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain38272https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/25f34c99-e4c1-4281-9196-659ab858921f/download90b256426aa71c2ff7655fe42f72d530MD56THUMBNAIL06_2022_GC_ART_Laboratory test.pdf.jpg06_2022_GC_ART_Laboratory test.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5961https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/4bc32f1d-0218-4f89-86cf-517288d9842a/download4920335634e046940e639b292430fd78MD55PDF.pdf.jpgPDF.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5961https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/d2eb757a-1a52-4c04-a014-091d8c36cf03/download4920335634e046940e639b292430fd78MD5720.500.12442/13151oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/131512024-08-14 21:53:21.797http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalopen.accesshttps://bonga.unisimon.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívarrepositorio.digital@unisimon.edu.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 |