Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome
Purpose of Review. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub with zero calorie content that has been increasing in popularity for its potential use as an adjuvant in the treatment of obesity. The level of evidence supporting general benefits to human health is insufficient. We conducted a revie...
- Autores:
-
Rojas, Edward
Bermúdez, Valmore
Fidilio, Enzamaria
Faria, Judith
Rojas, Joselyn
Cabrera de Bravo, Mayela
Contreras, Julio
Mantilla, Linda Pamela
Angarita, Lissé
Sepúlveda, Paola Amar
Kuzmar, Isaac
Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman
Mathew, Justin
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Simón Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital USB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/3585
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/3585
- Palabra clave:
- Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
- Rights
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
| id |
USIMONBOL2_9f41368b8a7b4e23ce1445b890beda3a |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/3585 |
| network_acronym_str |
USIMONBOL2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Digital USB |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome |
| title |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome |
| spellingShingle |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Obesity Type 2 diabetes Hypertension |
| title_short |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_full |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_fullStr |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome |
| title_sort |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rojas, Edward Bermúdez, Valmore Fidilio, Enzamaria Faria, Judith Rojas, Joselyn Cabrera de Bravo, Mayela Contreras, Julio Mantilla, Linda Pamela Angarita, Lissé Sepúlveda, Paola Amar Kuzmar, Isaac Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman Mathew, Justin |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Rojas, Edward Bermúdez, Valmore Fidilio, Enzamaria Faria, Judith Rojas, Joselyn Cabrera de Bravo, Mayela Contreras, Julio Mantilla, Linda Pamela Angarita, Lissé Sepúlveda, Paola Amar Kuzmar, Isaac |
| dc.contributor.author.eng.fl_str_mv |
Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman Mathew, Justin |
| dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Obesity Type 2 diabetes Hypertension |
| topic |
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Obesity Type 2 diabetes Hypertension |
| description |
Purpose of Review. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub with zero calorie content that has been increasing in popularity for its potential use as an adjuvant in the treatment of obesity. The level of evidence supporting general benefits to human health is insufficient. We conducted a review of the literature summarizing the current knowledge and role in human disease. Recent Findings. Despite stevia’s minimal systemic absorption, studies have been promising regarding its potential benefits against inflammation, carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis glucose control, and hypertension. On the other hand, the growing popularity of artificial sweeteners does not correlate with improved trends in obesity. An increased intake of artificial non-caloric sweeteners may not be associated with decreased intake of traditional sugar-sweetened beverages and foods. The effects of Stevia on weight change have been linked to bacteria in the intestinal microbiome, mainly by affecting Clostridium and Bacteroides sp. populations. A growing body of evidence indicates that Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is protective against malignant conversion by inhibition of DNA replication in human cancer cell growth in vitro. Summary. Consumption of Stevia has demonstrated to be generally safe in most reports. Further clinical studies are warranted to determine if regular consumption brings sustained benefits for human health. |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018 |
| dc.date.accessioned.*.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-18T23:41:43Z |
| dc.date.available.*.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-18T23:41:43Z |
| dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv |
article |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
21613311 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/3585 |
| identifier_str_mv |
21613311 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/3585 |
| dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Springer |
| dc.source.eng.fl_str_mv |
Current Nutrition Reports September 2018, Volume 7, Issue 3 |
| institution |
Universidad Simón Bolívar |
| dc.source.uri.eng.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-018-0228-z |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/9cc0f0be-491d-4580-86ef-f7750e132738/download https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/61b17498-6e92-4e40-a8fa-c1a644d2acfc/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 3fdc7b41651299350522650338f5754d |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívar |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio.digital@unisimon.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814076117239201792 |
| spelling |
Rojas, Edward94d56218-0c78-40f2-a501-74feeca9191cBermúdez, Valmore29f9aa18-16a4-4fd3-8ce5-ed94a0b8663aFidilio, Enzamaria223576a1-fb46-4a85-80e7-6e837face8e8Faria, Judith15076ad9-a5ca-4db8-a7d6-129d5e0da72fRojas, Joselyn2aa91570-0516-424d-8f76-25cd7b39be6eCabrera de Bravo, Mayelad984e281-e460-420f-9c2a-4af12b674973Contreras, Julioee6833d4-08fc-4f10-8638-cd5206d5aeddMantilla, Linda Pamelac981972f-55ac-440e-93c6-18c440325363Angarita, Lissécd37d36e-0d41-457f-9dc8-1ed5b9201b16Sepúlveda, Paola Amar3f0aa8ae-9307-41c8-b05a-c4d6730ae8dcKuzmar, Isaac532c55ce-6c8d-4a73-b7b6-77619a586ed1Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman3d42a2bd-cfad-4b33-b817-1db901d01841Mathew, Justincb243274-cf1d-4689-b2ec-3b2006dd41f22019-07-18T23:41:43Z2019-07-18T23:41:43Z201821613311https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/3585Purpose of Review. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub with zero calorie content that has been increasing in popularity for its potential use as an adjuvant in the treatment of obesity. The level of evidence supporting general benefits to human health is insufficient. We conducted a review of the literature summarizing the current knowledge and role in human disease. Recent Findings. Despite stevia’s minimal systemic absorption, studies have been promising regarding its potential benefits against inflammation, carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis glucose control, and hypertension. On the other hand, the growing popularity of artificial sweeteners does not correlate with improved trends in obesity. An increased intake of artificial non-caloric sweeteners may not be associated with decreased intake of traditional sugar-sweetened beverages and foods. The effects of Stevia on weight change have been linked to bacteria in the intestinal microbiome, mainly by affecting Clostridium and Bacteroides sp. populations. A growing body of evidence indicates that Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is protective against malignant conversion by inhibition of DNA replication in human cancer cell growth in vitro. Summary. Consumption of Stevia has demonstrated to be generally safe in most reports. Further clinical studies are warranted to determine if regular consumption brings sustained benefits for human health.engSpringerAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfCurrent Nutrition ReportsSeptember 2018, Volume 7, Issue 3https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-018-0228-zStevia rebaudiana BertoniObesityType 2 diabetesHypertensionStevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Its Effects in Human Disease: Emphasizing Its Role in Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndromearticlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2011–2014. NCHS data brief 2015. Num 219. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics.Obesity and overweight. World health organization fact sheet. 2017. Available at: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ (Accessed 12/31/2017).Garvey WT, Mechanick JI, Brett EM, Garber AJ, Hurley DL, Jastreboff AM, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(Supp3):1–205.Goyal SK, Samsher, Goyal RK. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2010;61(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637480903193049.Atteh J, Onagbesan O, Tona K, Decuypere E, Geuns J, Buyse J. Evaluation of supplementary Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves and stevioside in broiler diets: effects on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, blood parameters and growth performance. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2008;92(6):640–9.Kroyer G. Stevioside and Stevia-sweetener in food: application, stability and interaction with food ingredients. J. Verbr. Lebensm. 2010;5:225–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-010-0557-3.Seema T. Stevia rebaudiana: a medicinal and nutraceutical plant and sweet gold for diabetic patients. Int. J. of Pharm. Life Sci. 2010;1(8):451–7.Chattopadhyay S, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Artificial sweeteners—a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(4):611–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1.International Stevia Council. Available online at: https://www.internationalsteviacouncil.org/fileadmin/media/About_Stevia/stevia_6pp__1_.pdf. Accessed 01/02/2018.Le Bertoni M. Kaà He-é Sa nature et ses proprietes. Anales Científicos Paraguayos. 1905;5:1–14.Kinghorn AD. Stevia: the genus Stevia, vol. 224. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2003.Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Stevioside and related compounds: therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;121:41–54.Aminha S, Soumya AN, Raju VG, Goud BM, Irfath M, Quadri SAP. Isolation and extraction of artificial sweetener (Stevia). World J Pharm Res. 2014;3:481–6.Kinghorn AD, Soejarto DD. Current status of stevioside as a sweetening agent for human use. Progress in medicinal and Economic Plan research, vol. 1. London: Academic Press; 1985. p. 1–51.Crammer B, Ikan R. Progress in the chemistry and properties of the rebaudiosides. In: Grenby, editor. Developments in Sweeteners 1987. London: Elsevier Applied Science; 1987. p. 45–64.Phillips KC. Stevia: steps in developing a new sweetener. In: Grenby TH, editor. Developments in sweeteners. Vol 3. London: Elsevier Applied Science; 1987. p. 1–43.Bridel M, Lavieille R. Le principe a saveur sucree du Kaa-he-e (Stevia Rebaudiana) Bertoni. Bull Soc Chim Biol. 1931;13:636–55.Khoda H, Kaisai R, Yamasaki K, Tanaka O. New sweet diterpene glucose from Stevia rebaudiana. Phytochemistry. 1976;15:981–3.Kinghorn D, Soejarto DD, Nanyakkare NPD, Compadre CM, Makapugay HC, Hovanec-Brown JM, et al. A phytochemical screening procedure for sweet ent-Kaurene glycosides in the genus Stevia. Nat Prod. 1984;47:439–44.Savita S, Sheela K, Sunanda S, Shankar A, Ramakrishna P. Stevia rebaudiana—a functional component for food industry. J Hum Ecol. 2004;15:261–4.Mauri P, Catalano G, Gardana C, Pietta P. Analysis of Stevia glyosides by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 1997;17:376–1.Madan S, Ahmad S, Singh GN, Kohli K, Kumar Y, Singh R, et al. Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni—a review. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2010;1(3):267–86.Gupta E, Purwar S, Sundaram S, Rai GK. Nutritional and therapeutic values of Stevia rebaudiana: a review. J Med Plants Res. 2013;7(46):3343–53.Hutapea AM, Toskulkao C, Buddhasukh D, Wilairat P, Glinsukon T. Digestion of stevioside, a natural sweetener, by various digestive enzymes. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 1997;23:177–86.Koyama E, Kitazawa K, Ohori Y, Izawa O, Kakegawa K, Fujino A, et al. In vitro metabolism of the glycosidic sweeteners, Stevia mixture and enzymatically modified Stevia in human intestinal microflora. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003;41:359–74.Simonetti P, Gardana C, Bramati L, Pietta PG. Bioavailability of Stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana in human volunteers: preliminary report. Proceedings of the first symposium on the safety of stevioside, April 16, 2004. Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium: Euprint Editions, pp. 51–62.Magnuson BA, Carakostas MC, Moore NH, Poulos SP, Renwick AG. Biological fate of low-calorie sweeteners. Nutr Rev. 2016;74(11):670–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw032.Geuns JMC, Buyse J, Vankeirsbilck A, Temme EHM. Metabolism of stevioside by healthy subjects. Exp Biol Med. 2007;232:164–73.Nikiforov AI, Rihner MO, Eapen AK, Thomas JA. Metabolism and toxicity studies supporting the safety of rebaudioside D. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(4):261–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581813492828.Tucker AO, Debaggio T. The encyclopedia of Herbs. A comprehensive review of flavor and fragrance. Portland: Timber Press; 2009. p. 467–71.American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Lifestyle Management. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(Suppl. 1):S33–43. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-S007.Norazlanshah H, Azizah M, Muhammad I, Mashita M, Khairil A, Norazmir N, et al. Effect of acute Stevia consumption on blood glucose response in healthy Malay young adults. Sains Malaysiana. 2014;43(5):649–54.Mukhtar M, Tiong CS, Bukhari SI, Abdullah AH, Ming LC. Safety and efficacy of health supplement (Stevia rebaudiana). Arch Pharma Pract. 2016;7(Suppl S1):16–21.Suanarunsawat T, Klongpanichapak S, Rungseesantivanon S, Chaiyabutr N. Glycemic effect of stevioside and Stevia rebaudiana in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. East J Med. 2009;9:51–6.Naveen S, Mahadev N, Farhath K, Vijay KK. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana. J Diabetes Complicat. 2013;27:103–13.Assaei R, Mokarram P, Dastghaib S, Darbandi S, Darbandi M, Zal F, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of aquatic extract of Stevia in pancreas of diabetic rats: PPARγ -dependent regulation or antioxidant potential. Avicenna J Med Biotech. 2016;8(2):65–74.Philippaert K, Pironet A, Mesuere M, Sones W, Vermeiren L, Kerselaers S, et al. Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14733. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14733.Gregersen S, Jeppesen PB, Holst JJ, Hermansen K. Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism. 2004;53(1):73–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.013.Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Moguel-Ordoñez YB, Matus-Basto AJ, Segura-Campos MR. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana extracts (Var. Morita) and their incorporation into a potential functional bread. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52(12):7894–903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1883-3.Sylvetsky AC, Welsh JA, Brown RJ, Vos MB. Low-calorie sweetener consumption is increasing in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(3):640–6. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.034751.Fowler SP, Williams K, Resendez RG, Hunt KJ, Hazuda HP, Stern MP. Fueling the obesity epidemic? Artificially sweetened beverage use and long-term weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(8):1894–900. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.284.Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, London SJ, Segal MR, Speizer FE. Patterns of weight change and their relation to diet in a cohort of healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(6):1100–5.de Koning L, Malik VS, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(6):1321. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.007922.Mattes RD, Popkin BM. Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26792.Hruby A, Hu FB. The epidemiology of obesity: a big picture. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33(7):673–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x.O’Connor L, Imamura F, Lentjes MA, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG. Prospective associations and population impact of sweet beverage intake and type 2 diabetes, and effects of substitutions with alternative beverages. Diabetologia. 2015;58(7):1474–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3572-1.Duffey KJ, Steffen LM, Van Horn L, Jacobs DR Jr, Popkin BM. Dietary patterns matter: diet beverages and cardiometabolic risks in the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(4):909–15. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.026682.Gardener H, Rundek T, Markert M, Wright CB, Elkind MS, Sacco RL. Diet soft drink consumption is associated with an increased risk of vascular events in the Northern Manhattan study. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(9):1120–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1968-2.Bernstein AM, de Koning L, Flint AJ, Rexrode KM, Willett WC. Soda consumption and the risk of stroke in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(5):1190–9. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.030205.Chia CW, Shardell M, Tanaka T, Liu DD, Gravenstein KS, Simonsick EM, et al. Chronic low-calorie sweetener use and risk of abdominal obesity among older adults: a cohort study. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0167241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167241.Fagherazzi G, et al. Consumption of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages and incident type 2 diabetes in the etude Epidemiologique aupres des femmes de la Mutuelle Generale de l’Education Nationale-European prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97:517–23.Gardener H, et al. Diet soft drink consumption is associated with an increased risk of vascular events in the Northern Manhattan study. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:1120–6.Cohen L, et al. Association of sweetened beverage intake with incident hypertension. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:1127–34.Duffey KJ, et al. Dietary patterns matter: diet beverages and cardiometabolic risks in the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:909–15.Swithers SE. Artificial sweeteners produce the counterintuitive effect of inducing metabolic derangements. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013;24(9):431–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.005.Anton SD, Martin CK, Hongmei H, Coulon S, Cefalu WT, Geiselman P, et al. Effects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Appetite. 2010;55(1):37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.03.009.Ruanpeng D, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Harindhanavudhi T. Sugar and artificially-sweetened beverages linked to obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. QJM. 2017;110(8):513–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcx068.Durán Agüero S, Vásquez Leiva A, Morales Illanes G, Schifferli Castro I, Sanhueza Espinoza C, Encina Vega C, et al. Consumo de stevia en estudiantes universitarios chilenos y su asociación con el estado nutricional. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32:362–6. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.1.8961.Azad MB, Abou-Setta AM, Chauhan BF, Rabbani R, Lys L, Copstein L, et al. Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. CMAJ. 2017;189:E929–39. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.161390.Ashwell M. Stevia, nature’s zero-calorie sustainable sweetener a new player in the fight against obesity. Nutr Today. 2015;50(3):129–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000099.Pearlman M, Obert J, Casey L. The association between artificial sweeteners and obesity. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2017;19:64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-017-0602-9.Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F, et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2012;490(7418):55–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11450.Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I, Bergstrom G, Behre CJ, Fagerberg B, et al. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature. 2013;498(7452):99–103. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12198.Gardana C, Simonetti P, Canzi E, et al. Metabolism of stevioside and rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51:6618–22.Vijay-Kumar M, Aitken JD, Carvalho FA, et al. Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking toll-like receptor 5. Science. 2010;328:228–31.Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2004;101:15718–23.Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, Zilberman-Schapira G, Thaiss CA, Maza O, et al. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. Nature. 2014;514(7521):181–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13793.Renwick AG, Tarka SM. Microbial hydrolysis of steviol glycosides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(suppl 7):S70–4.Sheiham A, James WPT. A reappraisal of the quantitative relationship between sugar intake and dental caries: the need for new criteria for developing goals for sugar intake. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:863.Giacaman RA, Campos P, Muñoz-Sandoval C, Castro RJ. Cariogenic potential of commercial sweeteners in an experimental biofilm caries model on enamel. Arch Oral Biol. 2013;58:1116–22.Gamboa F, Chaves M. Antimicrobial potential of extracts from Steoooovia rebaudiana leaves against bacteria of importance in dental caries. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2012;25:171–5.De Slavutzky SMB. Stevia and sucrose effect on plaque formation. J Verbr Lebensm. 2010;5:213–6.Brambilla E, Cagetti MG, Ionescu A, Campus G, Lingström P. An in vitro and in vivo comparison of the effect of Stevia rebaudiana extracts on different caries-related variables: a randomized controlled trial pilot study. Caries Res. 2014;48:19–23.Ferrazzano GF.; Cantile, T.; Alcidi, B.; Coda, M.; Ingenito, A.; Zarrelli, A, ; Di Fabio, G.; Pollio, A. Is Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni a non cariogenic sweetener? A Review Molecules 2016, 21, 38; doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21010038.Wang T, et al. Stevioside plays an anti-inflammatory role by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in S. aureus-infected mouse mammary glands. Inflammation. 2014;37(5):1837–46.Bunprajun T, et al. Stevioside enhances satellite cell activation by inhibiting of NF-κB signaling pathway in regenerating muscle after cardiotoxin-induced injury. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60(11):2844–51.Kim S-Y, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of Stevia Rebaudiana as a results of NF-kB and MAPK inhibition. J Korean Med Opthalmol Otolaryngol Dermatol. 2013;26(3):54–64.Boonkaewwan C, Toskulkao C, Vongsakul M. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of stevioside and its metabolite steviol on THP-1 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(3):785–9.Boonkaewwan C, Burodom A. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of stevioside and steviol on colonic epithelial cells. J Sci Food Agric. 2013;93(15):3820–5.Stevenson TH. The effects of stevia on cytokine production in human THP-1 monocytes. Cardiff Metropolitan University Repository 2017. Availble at: https://hdl.handle.net/10369/8962. Accessed 01/05/2018.Elzinga SE, et al. Metabolic and inflammatory responses to the common sweetener stevioside and a glycemic challenge in horses with equine metabolic syndrome. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2017;60(Supplement C):1–8.Sehar I, Kaul A, Bani S, Chandra H, Kumar AS. Immune up regulatory response of a non-caloric natural sweetener, stevioside. Chem Biol Interact. 2008;173:115–21.Geeraert B, et al. Stevioside inhibits atherosclerosis by improving insulin signaling and antioxidant defense in obese insulin-resistant mice. Int J Obes. 2009;34:569Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and glucose tolerance as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. Diabetes Care. 1979;2(2):120–6.Fujishima M, et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a prospective population survey in Japan: the Hisayama study. Diabetes. 1996;45(Supplement 3):S14–6.Ulbricht C, Isaac R, Milkin T, Poole EA, Rusie E, Serrano JMG, et al. An evidence-based systematic review of Stevia by the natural standard research collaboration. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2010;8:113–27.Roberts A, Munro I. Stevioside and related compounds: therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;122Melis M, Sainati A. Effect of calcium and verapamil on renal function of rats during treatment with stevioside. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991;33:257–62.Melis M. Stevioside effect on renal function of normal and hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1992;36:213–7.Melis M. Chronic administration of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana in rats: renal effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995;47:129–34.Melis M. Effects of Steviol on renal function and mean arterial pressure in rats. Phytomedicine. 1997;3:349–52.Melis M. Effect of crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana on renal water and electrolytes excretion. Phytomedicine. 1999;6:247–50.Liu J-C, Kao P-K, Chan P, Hsu Y-H, Hou C-C, Lien G-S, et al. Mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of stevioside in anesthetized dogs. Pharmacology. 2002;67:14–20.Lee C-N, Wong K-L, Liu J-C, Chen Y-J, Cheng J-T, Chan P. Inhibitory effect of Stevioside on calcium influx to produce antihypertension. Planta Med. 2001;67:796–9.Jeppesen P, Gregersen S, Rolfsen S, Jepsen M, Colombo M, Agger A, et al. Antihyperglycemic and blood pressure-reducing effects of stevioside in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. Metabolism. 2003;52:372–8.De-Yi X, Hong C, Yuan-Yuan L. The antihypertensive effects by stevioside in the conscious nomal and hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1822;1990:183.Chan P, Tomlinson B, Chen Y, Liu J, Hsieh M, Cheng J. A doubleblind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and tolerability of oral stevioside in human hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;50:215–20.Hsieh M-H, Chan P, Sue Y-M, Liu J-C, Liang TH, Huang T-Y, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild essential hypertension: a two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther. 2003;25:2797–808.Savita S, Sheela K, Sunanda S, Shankar A, Ramakrishna P, Sakey S. Health implications of Stevia rebaudiana. J Hum Ecol. 2004;15:191–4.Barriocanal LA, Palacios M, Benitez G, Benitez S, Jimenez JT, Jimenez N, et al. Apparent lack of pharmacological effect of steviol glycosides used as sweeteners in humans. A pilot study of repeated exposures in some normotensive and hypotensive individuals and in type 1 and type 2 diabetics. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008;51:37–41.Masuda T, Yamashita D, Maekawa T, Sone Y, Yamaguchi H, Takeda Y, et al. Identification of antioxidative compounds from Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi. 2006;53:597–602.Konoshima T, Takasaki M. Cancer-chemopreventive effects of natural sweeteners and related compounds. Pure Appl Chem. 2002;74Nakamura Y, Sakiyama S, Takenaga K. Suppression of syntheses of high molecular weight nonmuscle tropomyosins in macrophages. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1995;31:273–82.Akihisa T, Hamasaki Y, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Kimura Y, Nishino H. Microbial transformation of isosteviol and inhibitory effects on Epstein−Barr virus activation of the transformation products. J Nat Prod. 2004;67:407–10.Kaushik R, Narayanan P, Vasudevan V, Muthukumaran G, Usha A. Nutrient composition of cultivated stevia leaves and the influence of polyphenols and plant pigments on sensory and antioxidant properties of leaf extracts. J Food Sci Technol. 2010;47:27–33.Yasukawa K. Inhibitory effect of a combined treatment of glycyrrhizin and caffeine on tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J. Pharm. Nutr. Sci. 2013:202–5.Mizushina Y, Akihisa T, Ukiya M, Hamasaki Y, Murakami-Nakai C, Kuriyama I, et al. Structural analysis of isosteviol and related compounds as DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2005;77:2127–40.Salim EI. Inhibitory effects of 1,3-diaminopropane, an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, on rat two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Carcinogenesis. 2000;21:195–203.Suttajit M, Vinitketkaumnuen U, Meevatee U, Buddhasukh D. Mutagenicity and human chromosomal effect of stevioside, a sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Environ Health Perspect. 1993;101:53–6.Matsui M, Matsui K, Kawasaki Y, Oda Y, Noguchi T, Kitagawa Y, et al. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of stevioside and steviol using six in vitro and one in vivo mutagenicity assays. Mutagenesis. 1996;11:573–9.Glinsukon T, Pimbua J, Panichkul T. Stevioside: a natural sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: toxicological evaluation. Thai J Toxicology. 1988, 4, 1–22.Panichkul T, Glinsukon T, Buddhasukh D, Cheuychit P, Pimolsri U. The plasma levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid and urine volume in rats and hamsters treated with stevioside. Thai J Toxicology. 1988;4:47–52.Jones G. “Stevia”. NebGuide: University of Nebraska–Lincoln Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Feb 2014.Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation. List of Existing Food Additives [Complied and published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on April 16, 1996. Tokyo, Japan: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan (MHLW) and Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation (JFCRF). Available at: https://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/list-exst.add [Effective from January 30, 2014, Last update: 04/10/2014].Brusick DJ. A critical review of the genetic toxicity of steviol and steviol glycosides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;2008(46):S83–91.Urban JD, Carakostas MC, Taylor SL. Steviol glycoside safety: are highly purified steviol glycoside sweeteners food allergens? Food Chem Toxicol. 2015;75:71–8.JECFA. Steviol glycosides [Prepared at the 73rd JECFA (2010) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 10 (2010)]. In: Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specifications [Online Edition]. General Specifications for Enzymes Analytical Methods, Volume 4. (FAO JECFA Monographs 10). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Available at: https://www.fao.org/ag/agn/jecfa-additives/specs/monograph10/additive-442-m10.pdf.U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Has Stevia been approved by FDA to be used as a sweetener?. Available at https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ucm194320.html.EFSA. Scientific opinion on the safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications for steviol glycosides (E 960) as a food additive. (EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food/ANS) (Question no EFSA-Q-2014-00002, adopted on 17 November 2015 by European Food Safety Authority). EFSA J 13(12):4316 [29 pp.]. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4316. Available at: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4316.MFDS. Enzymatically modified stevia glucosyl stevia. In: Korea Food Additives Code. (All designated chemicals and some natural additives are currently regulated by Food Additives Code. It includes specifications, standards and general test methods for each additives). Korea: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Available at: https://fa.kfda.go.kr/standard/egongjeon_standard_view.jsp?SerialNo=184&GoCa=2 [Latest English version edition published Feb. 24, 2015].Health Canada. Information and Consultation Document on Health Canada's Proposal to Allow the Use of the Food Additive Steviol Glycosides as a Table-Top Sweetener and as a Sweetener in Certain Food Categories. Ottawa (ON): Health Canada, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate. Available at: https://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-n/consult/steviol/document-consultation-eng.php#a12 [Date Modified: 2012–11-30].Government of Malaysia. Part VIII. Standards and particular labelling requirements for food. Sweetening substance. 118B. Enzymatically modified stevia. In: Laws of Malaysia: P.U.(A) 437 of 1985 Food Act 1983: Food Regulations 1985. Putrajaya, Malaysia: Government of Malaysia. Available at: https://www.asianfoodreg.com/dynamicAssets/regulationDoc/1412157254_Malaysian-Food-Regulations-19852014.pdf.FSANZ (2008). Final Assessment Report: Application A540 Steviol Glycosides as Intense Sweeteners. Canberra, Australia: Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). Available at: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/FAR_A540_Steviol_gl ycosides.pdf.FSANZ (2015). A1108–Rebaudioside M as a Steviol Glycoside Intense Sweetener. (Application to Change Food Standards Code). Canberra, Australia / Wellington, NZ: Foods Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). Available at: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/Pages/A1108-RebaudiosideM-SteviolGlycosideIntenseSweetener.aspx.CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/9cc0f0be-491d-4580-86ef-f7750e132738/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8368https://bonga.unisimon.edu.co/bitstreams/61b17498-6e92-4e40-a8fa-c1a644d2acfc/download3fdc7b41651299350522650338f5754dMD5320.500.12442/3585oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/35852024-08-14 21:52:51.069http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalmetadata.onlyhttps://bonga.unisimon.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívarrepositorio.digital@unisimon.edu.coPGEgcmVsPSJsaWNlbnNlIiBocmVmPSJodHRwOi8vY3JlYXRpdmVjb21tb25zLm9yZy9saWNlbnNlcy9ieS1uYy80LjAvIj48aW1nIGFsdD0iTGljZW5jaWEgQ3JlYXRpdmUgQ29tbW9ucyIgc3R5bGU9ImJvcmRlci13aWR0aDowIiBzcmM9Imh0dHBzOi8vaS5jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2wvYnktbmMvNC4wLzg4eDMxLnBuZyIgLz48L2E+PGJyLz5Fc3RhIG9icmEgZXN0w6EgYmFqbyB1bmEgPGEgcmVsPSJsaWNlbnNlIiBocmVmPSJodHRwOi8vY3JlYXRpdmVjb21tb25zLm9yZy9saWNlbnNlcy9ieS1uYy80LjAvIj5MaWNlbmNpYSBDcmVhdGl2ZSBDb21tb25zIEF0cmlidWNpw7NuLU5vQ29tZXJjaWFsIDQuMCBJbnRlcm5hY2lvbmFsPC9hPi4= |