Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?

Este documento analiza la tendencia a registrar solicitudes de patentes de las empresas manufactureras en Colombia durante el año 2016 y el efecto derivado de su capacidad para innovar. Realizando una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron las variables (factores) estratégicas que posibilitan l...

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Autores:
Romero Salazar, Jairo Esteban
Ramirez Albanez, Eliana Marcela
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
Repositorio:
Repositorio UMNG
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.unimilitar.edu.co:10654/36769
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/10654/36769
Palabra clave:
PATENTES DE INVENCION
INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS
Innovation
patent propensity
manufacturing companies
Colombia
microdata
Innovación
propensión a patentar
empresas manufactureras
Colombia
microdatos
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Modeling the propensity to patent in the Colombian manufacturing sector: ¿are they relevant the strategic factors?
title Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
spellingShingle Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
PATENTES DE INVENCION
INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS
Innovation
patent propensity
manufacturing companies
Colombia
microdata
Innovación
propensión a patentar
empresas manufactureras
Colombia
microdatos
title_short Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
title_full Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
title_fullStr Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
title_full_unstemmed Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
title_sort Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Romero Salazar, Jairo Esteban
Ramirez Albanez, Eliana Marcela
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Méndez Morales, Edgar Alberto
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Romero Salazar, Jairo Esteban
Ramirez Albanez, Eliana Marcela
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv PATENTES DE INVENCION
INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS
topic PATENTES DE INVENCION
INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS
Innovation
patent propensity
manufacturing companies
Colombia
microdata
Innovación
propensión a patentar
empresas manufactureras
Colombia
microdatos
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Innovation
patent propensity
manufacturing companies
Colombia
microdata
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Innovación
propensión a patentar
empresas manufactureras
Colombia
microdatos
description Este documento analiza la tendencia a registrar solicitudes de patentes de las empresas manufactureras en Colombia durante el año 2016 y el efecto derivado de su capacidad para innovar. Realizando una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron las variables (factores) estratégicas que posibilitan la propensión a patentar tales como: fuentes de ideas internas y externas, cooperación, personal con especialización, maestría o doctorado, y la comercialización de productos en el exterior, concluyendo según los resultados que, las empresas manufactureras que desarrollaron los factores estratégicos mencionados, registraron una mayor propensión a patentar, en comparación con empresas de otro sector productivo y/o región geográfica o que no presentaron tales factores. Al finalizar este análisis, se proponen acciones para fortalecer y proteger la generación de patentes en el país
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-10T00:25:30Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-10T00:25:30Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-21
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.*.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
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dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repository.unimilitar.edu.co
url http://hdl.handle.net/10654/36769
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Arundel, A. (1997). Enterprise strategies and barriers to innovation. In Innovation Measurement and Policies. European Commission. (pp. 101–107).
Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Berkson, J. (1944). Application of the Logistic Function to Bio-Assay. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 39(227), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.2307/2280041
Blind, K., Cremers, K., & Mueller, E. (2009). The influence of strategic patenting on companies’ patent portfolios. Research Policy, 38(2), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.12.003
Boldrin, M., & Levine, D. K. (2008). Against Intellectual Monopoly Relevant Legal and Academic. Against Intellectual Monopoly, 21, 130–145.
Chesbrough, H. (2003). The logic of open innovation: Managing intellectual property. In California Management Review (Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 33–58). https://doi.org/10.2307/41166175
Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PROTECTING THEIR INTELLECTUAL ASSETS : APPROPRIABILITY CONDITIONS AND WHY U . S . MANUFACTURING FIRMSPATENT ( OR NOT ) Cambridge , MA 02138 February 2000 Protecting Their Intellectual Assets : Appropriability Conditions and Why U. New York, 50.
Cole, Julio. (1998). ¿Se Justifican las Patentes en una Economía Libre?. Laissez-Faire. 9. 47-60.
Crespi, G., & Zuniga, P. (2012). Innovation and Productivity: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries. World Development, 40(2), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.010
D’Este, P., Iammarino, S., Savona, M., & von Tunzelmann, N. (2012). What hampers innovation? Revealed barriers versus deterring barriers. Research Policy, 41(2), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2011.09.008
DANE. (2015). Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica Industria Manufacturear- EDIT VIII 2015-2016. Boletín técnico. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 1–70.
de Sousa, A. G., Braga, M. J., & Meyer, L. F. F. (2015). Impact of Cooperation on the R&D Activities of Brazilian Firms. Procedia Economics and Finance, 24(July), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00641-3
Ernst, H. (1998). Industrial research as a source of important patents. Research Policy, 27(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00029-2
Fai, F., & Von Tunzelmann, N. (2001). Industry-specific competencies and converging technological systems: Evidence from patents. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 12(2), 141–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-349X(00)00035-7
Falk, M., & de Lemos, F. F. (2019). Complementarity of R&D and productivity in SME export behavior. Journal of Business Research, 96(January 2018), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.018
Federico, P. J. (1990). Operation for the Patent Act of 1790. Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, 72. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jpatos72&id=399&div=&collection=
Fischer, M. M. (2006). The innovation process and network activities of manufacturing firms. Innovation, Networks, and Knowledge Spillovers: Selected Essays, 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35981-8_6
Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2013). Managing the intellectual property disassembly problem. California Management Review, 55(4), 184–210. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2013.55.4.184
Hall. (2011). Innovation and Productivity. NBER Working Paper - Cambridge, 50 -76.
Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/02, 26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/134337307632
Holland, S. B. (2017). Firm investment in human health capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 46, 374– 390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.08.003
Huang, K. F., & Cheng, T. C. (2015). Determinants of firms’ patenting or not patenting behaviors. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M, 36, 52–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2015.05.003
Kingston, W. (2001). Innovation needs patents reform. Research Policy, 30(3), 403–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00090-1
Laforet, S. (2008). Size, strategic, and market orientation affects on innovation. Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.08.002
Lambert, D. (1992). Zero-inflated poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing. Technometrics, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1992.10485228
López, A. (2008). Determinants of R&D cooperation: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.09.006
Lucas, R. (1967). Adjustment Costs and the Theory of Supply. Journal of Political Economy, 75(4), 321- 334. Retrieved April 12, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/1828594
Malecki, E. J. (1991). Technology and Economic Development: The Dynamics of Local, Regional, and National Change. Longman Scientific & Technical.
Morikawa, M. (2019). Journal of The Japanese and International Economies. Elsevier, 43-51.
Nuria, L., José, M. M., & Camilo, V. (2012). ¿Qué necesita una empresa para innovar? Investigación, experiencia y persistencia. What does a firm need to innovate? Research, experience and persistence. Science Direct, 1-22.
OMPI. (2019, 01 01). Patentes, ¿Qué es una patente? Ginebra, Chemin des Colombettes, Suiza.
Peeters, C., & van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (2006). Innovation strategy and the patenting behavior of firms. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 16(1), 109–135
Pellegrino, G., & Savona, M. (2017). No money, no honey? Financial versus knowledge and demand constraints on innovation. Research Policy, 46(2), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2017.01.001
Pitkethly, R. H. (2001). Intellectual property strategy in Japanese and UK companies: Patent licensing decisions and learning opportunities. Research Policy, 30(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00084-6
Rasiah, R., Shahrivar, R. B., & Yap, X.-S. (2016). Institutional support, innovation capabilities and exports: Evidence from the semiconductor industry in Taiwan. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 109, 69–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.05.015
Rossi, J. L. J., Aguirre, F. B., Schmutzler, J., & Manchola, I. D. S. (2013). Relación entre la estrategia de innovación de la firma y su decisión de patentar: evidencia de empresas pertenecientes al sector manufacturero colombiano. Estudios Gerenciales, 29(128), 313–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2013.09.005
Rubashkina, Y., Galeotti, M., & Verdolini, E. (2015). Environmental regulation and competitiveness: Empirical evidence on. Elsevier, 1-12.
Saebi, T., & Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions. European Management Journal, 33(3), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2014.11.002
Scherer, F. M. (1982). Demand-Pull and Technological Invention: Schmookler Revisted. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 30(3), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.2307/2098216
SIC. (02 de 01 de 2020). Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio. Obtenido de Patentes: https://www.sic.gov.co/node/43
Tang, C. F., & Abosedra, S. (2019). Logistics performance, exports, and growth: Evidence from Asian economies. Research in Transportation Economics, 100743. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100743
Tomlinson, P. R. (2010). Co-operative ties and innovation: Some new evidence for UK manufacturing. Research Policy, 39(6), 762–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.02.010
V. Valeska, G.-W., T. Claudina, U.-B., Coudounaris, D., & Joaquín, M.-P. (2016). Innovation and experiential knowledge in firm exports: Applying the initial U-model. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5076–5081.
Vuong, Q. H. (1989). Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non-Nested Hypotheses. Econometrica, 57(2), 307–333. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912557
Wakelin, K. (1998). Innovation and export behaviour at the firm level. Research Policy, 26(7–8), 829– 841.
Weber, B., & Heidenreich, S. (2018). When and with whom to cooperate? Investigating effects of cooperation stage and type on innovation capabilities and success. Long Range Planning, 51(2), 334–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.07.003
Zhang, D., Zheng, W., & Ning, L. (2018). Does innovation facilitate firm survival? Evidence from Chinese high-tech firms. Economic Modelling, 75(August), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.07.03
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spelling Méndez Morales, Edgar AlbertoRomero Salazar, Jairo EstebanRamirez Albanez, Eliana MarcelaEconomista2020-11-10T00:25:30Z2020-11-10T00:25:30Z2020-04-21http://hdl.handle.net/10654/36769instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granadareponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granadarepourl:https://repository.unimilitar.edu.coEste documento analiza la tendencia a registrar solicitudes de patentes de las empresas manufactureras en Colombia durante el año 2016 y el efecto derivado de su capacidad para innovar. Realizando una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron las variables (factores) estratégicas que posibilitan la propensión a patentar tales como: fuentes de ideas internas y externas, cooperación, personal con especialización, maestría o doctorado, y la comercialización de productos en el exterior, concluyendo según los resultados que, las empresas manufactureras que desarrollaron los factores estratégicos mencionados, registraron una mayor propensión a patentar, en comparación con empresas de otro sector productivo y/o región geográfica o que no presentaron tales factores. Al finalizar este análisis, se proponen acciones para fortalecer y proteger la generación de patentes en el paísThis document analyses the propensity of Colombian manufacturing companies to issue patents during the year 2016, and the derivated effect on their capacity to innovate. Reviewing the literature, we identify several strategic variables (factors) enhancing the likelihood of patenting like internal and external sources of ideas, cooperation, employees with specialisations, masters and Ph.D. degrees, exportations, regional and industry-specific factors, concluding with our results that, manufacturing companies developing those strategic factors, tend to have higher likelihoods to patent in comparison to other firms with less developed factors or other regions or industries. At the end of this analysis, some measures directed to the increasing of patenting behaviour in companies are proposed.Pregradoapplicaction/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalAcceso abiertoModelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?Modeling the propensity to patent in the Colombian manufacturing sector: ¿are they relevant the strategic factors?PATENTES DE INVENCIONINDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERASInnovationpatent propensitymanufacturing companiesColombiamicrodataInnovaciónpropensión a patentarempresas manufacturerasColombiamicrodatosTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fEconomíaFacultad de Ciencias EconómicasUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaArundel, A. (1997). Enterprise strategies and barriers to innovation. In Innovation Measurement and Policies. European Commission. (pp. 101–107).Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108Berkson, J. (1944). Application of the Logistic Function to Bio-Assay. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 39(227), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.2307/2280041Blind, K., Cremers, K., & Mueller, E. (2009). The influence of strategic patenting on companies’ patent portfolios. Research Policy, 38(2), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.12.003Boldrin, M., & Levine, D. K. (2008). Against Intellectual Monopoly Relevant Legal and Academic. Against Intellectual Monopoly, 21, 130–145.Chesbrough, H. (2003). The logic of open innovation: Managing intellectual property. In California Management Review (Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 33–58). https://doi.org/10.2307/41166175Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PROTECTING THEIR INTELLECTUAL ASSETS : APPROPRIABILITY CONDITIONS AND WHY U . S . MANUFACTURING FIRMSPATENT ( OR NOT ) Cambridge , MA 02138 February 2000 Protecting Their Intellectual Assets : Appropriability Conditions and Why U. New York, 50.Cole, Julio. (1998). ¿Se Justifican las Patentes en una Economía Libre?. Laissez-Faire. 9. 47-60.Crespi, G., & Zuniga, P. (2012). Innovation and Productivity: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries. World Development, 40(2), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.010D’Este, P., Iammarino, S., Savona, M., & von Tunzelmann, N. (2012). What hampers innovation? Revealed barriers versus deterring barriers. Research Policy, 41(2), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2011.09.008DANE. (2015). Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica Industria Manufacturear- EDIT VIII 2015-2016. Boletín técnico. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 1–70.de Sousa, A. G., Braga, M. J., & Meyer, L. F. F. (2015). Impact of Cooperation on the R&D Activities of Brazilian Firms. Procedia Economics and Finance, 24(July), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00641-3Ernst, H. (1998). Industrial research as a source of important patents. Research Policy, 27(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00029-2Fai, F., & Von Tunzelmann, N. (2001). Industry-specific competencies and converging technological systems: Evidence from patents. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 12(2), 141–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-349X(00)00035-7Falk, M., & de Lemos, F. F. (2019). Complementarity of R&D and productivity in SME export behavior. Journal of Business Research, 96(January 2018), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.018Federico, P. J. (1990). Operation for the Patent Act of 1790. Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, 72. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jpatos72&id=399&div=&collection=Fischer, M. M. (2006). The innovation process and network activities of manufacturing firms. Innovation, Networks, and Knowledge Spillovers: Selected Essays, 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35981-8_6Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2013). Managing the intellectual property disassembly problem. California Management Review, 55(4), 184–210. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2013.55.4.184Hall. (2011). Innovation and Productivity. NBER Working Paper - Cambridge, 50 -76.Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/02, 26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/134337307632Holland, S. B. (2017). Firm investment in human health capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 46, 374– 390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.08.003Huang, K. F., & Cheng, T. C. (2015). Determinants of firms’ patenting or not patenting behaviors. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M, 36, 52–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2015.05.003Kingston, W. (2001). Innovation needs patents reform. Research Policy, 30(3), 403–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00090-1Laforet, S. (2008). Size, strategic, and market orientation affects on innovation. Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.08.002Lambert, D. (1992). Zero-inflated poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing. Technometrics, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1992.10485228López, A. (2008). Determinants of R&D cooperation: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.09.006Lucas, R. (1967). Adjustment Costs and the Theory of Supply. Journal of Political Economy, 75(4), 321- 334. Retrieved April 12, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/1828594Malecki, E. J. (1991). Technology and Economic Development: The Dynamics of Local, Regional, and National Change. Longman Scientific & Technical.Morikawa, M. (2019). Journal of The Japanese and International Economies. Elsevier, 43-51.Nuria, L., José, M. M., & Camilo, V. (2012). ¿Qué necesita una empresa para innovar? Investigación, experiencia y persistencia. What does a firm need to innovate? Research, experience and persistence. Science Direct, 1-22.OMPI. (2019, 01 01). Patentes, ¿Qué es una patente? Ginebra, Chemin des Colombettes, Suiza.Peeters, C., & van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (2006). Innovation strategy and the patenting behavior of firms. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 16(1), 109–135Pellegrino, G., & Savona, M. (2017). No money, no honey? Financial versus knowledge and demand constraints on innovation. Research Policy, 46(2), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2017.01.001Pitkethly, R. H. (2001). Intellectual property strategy in Japanese and UK companies: Patent licensing decisions and learning opportunities. Research Policy, 30(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00084-6Rasiah, R., Shahrivar, R. B., & Yap, X.-S. (2016). Institutional support, innovation capabilities and exports: Evidence from the semiconductor industry in Taiwan. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 109, 69–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.05.015Rossi, J. L. J., Aguirre, F. B., Schmutzler, J., & Manchola, I. D. S. (2013). Relación entre la estrategia de innovación de la firma y su decisión de patentar: evidencia de empresas pertenecientes al sector manufacturero colombiano. Estudios Gerenciales, 29(128), 313–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2013.09.005Rubashkina, Y., Galeotti, M., & Verdolini, E. (2015). Environmental regulation and competitiveness: Empirical evidence on. Elsevier, 1-12.Saebi, T., & Foss, N. J. (2015). 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Economic Modelling, 75(August), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.07.03Calle 100ORIGINALRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdfRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdfTrabajo de gradoapplication/pdf592178http://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/10654/36769/3/RomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf2d825304255320f1f5d99f198ff0389aMD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83420http://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/10654/36769/4/license.txta609d7e369577f685ce98c66b903b91bMD54THUMBNAILRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf.jpgRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4369http://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/10654/36769/5/RomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf.jpgf8f48e49bd6fdfb030da737f1f3ba6baMD5510654/36769oai:repository.unimilitar.edu.co:10654/367692020-11-30 01:18:05.355Repositorio Institucional 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