Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?
Este documento analiza la tendencia a registrar solicitudes de patentes de las empresas manufactureras en Colombia durante el año 2016 y el efecto derivado de su capacidad para innovar. Realizando una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron las variables (factores) estratégicas que posibilitan l...
- Autores:
-
Romero Salazar, Jairo Esteban
Ramirez Albanez, Eliana Marcela
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UMNG
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.unimilitar.edu.co:10654/36769
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/10654/36769
- Palabra clave:
- PATENTES DE INVENCION
INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS
Innovation
patent propensity
manufacturing companies
Colombia
microdata
Innovación
propensión a patentar
empresas manufactureras
Colombia
microdatos
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? |
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Modeling the propensity to patent in the Colombian manufacturing sector: ¿are they relevant the strategic factors? |
title |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? |
spellingShingle |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? PATENTES DE INVENCION INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS Innovation patent propensity manufacturing companies Colombia microdata Innovación propensión a patentar empresas manufactureras Colombia microdatos |
title_short |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? |
title_full |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? |
title_fullStr |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? |
title_sort |
Modelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos? |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Romero Salazar, Jairo Esteban Ramirez Albanez, Eliana Marcela |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Méndez Morales, Edgar Alberto |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Romero Salazar, Jairo Esteban Ramirez Albanez, Eliana Marcela |
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
PATENTES DE INVENCION INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS |
topic |
PATENTES DE INVENCION INDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERAS Innovation patent propensity manufacturing companies Colombia microdata Innovación propensión a patentar empresas manufactureras Colombia microdatos |
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Innovation patent propensity manufacturing companies Colombia microdata |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Innovación propensión a patentar empresas manufactureras Colombia microdatos |
description |
Este documento analiza la tendencia a registrar solicitudes de patentes de las empresas manufactureras en Colombia durante el año 2016 y el efecto derivado de su capacidad para innovar. Realizando una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron las variables (factores) estratégicas que posibilitan la propensión a patentar tales como: fuentes de ideas internas y externas, cooperación, personal con especialización, maestría o doctorado, y la comercialización de productos en el exterior, concluyendo según los resultados que, las empresas manufactureras que desarrollaron los factores estratégicos mencionados, registraron una mayor propensión a patentar, en comparación con empresas de otro sector productivo y/o región geográfica o que no presentaron tales factores. Al finalizar este análisis, se proponen acciones para fortalecer y proteger la generación de patentes en el país |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-11-10T00:25:30Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-11-10T00:25:30Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-04-21 |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.coar.*.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10654/36769 |
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instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granada |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repository.unimilitar.edu.co |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10654/36769 |
identifier_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granada repourl:https://repository.unimilitar.edu.co |
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spa |
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Arundel, A. (1997). Enterprise strategies and barriers to innovation. In Innovation Measurement and Policies. European Commission. (pp. 101–107). Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108 Berkson, J. (1944). Application of the Logistic Function to Bio-Assay. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 39(227), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.2307/2280041 Blind, K., Cremers, K., & Mueller, E. (2009). The influence of strategic patenting on companies’ patent portfolios. Research Policy, 38(2), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.12.003 Boldrin, M., & Levine, D. K. (2008). Against Intellectual Monopoly Relevant Legal and Academic. Against Intellectual Monopoly, 21, 130–145. Chesbrough, H. (2003). The logic of open innovation: Managing intellectual property. In California Management Review (Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 33–58). https://doi.org/10.2307/41166175 Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PROTECTING THEIR INTELLECTUAL ASSETS : APPROPRIABILITY CONDITIONS AND WHY U . S . MANUFACTURING FIRMSPATENT ( OR NOT ) Cambridge , MA 02138 February 2000 Protecting Their Intellectual Assets : Appropriability Conditions and Why U. New York, 50. Cole, Julio. (1998). ¿Se Justifican las Patentes en una Economía Libre?. Laissez-Faire. 9. 47-60. Crespi, G., & Zuniga, P. (2012). Innovation and Productivity: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries. World Development, 40(2), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.010 D’Este, P., Iammarino, S., Savona, M., & von Tunzelmann, N. (2012). What hampers innovation? Revealed barriers versus deterring barriers. Research Policy, 41(2), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2011.09.008 DANE. (2015). Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica Industria Manufacturear- EDIT VIII 2015-2016. Boletín técnico. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 1–70. de Sousa, A. G., Braga, M. J., & Meyer, L. F. F. (2015). Impact of Cooperation on the R&D Activities of Brazilian Firms. Procedia Economics and Finance, 24(July), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00641-3 Ernst, H. (1998). Industrial research as a source of important patents. Research Policy, 27(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00029-2 Fai, F., & Von Tunzelmann, N. (2001). Industry-specific competencies and converging technological systems: Evidence from patents. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 12(2), 141–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-349X(00)00035-7 Falk, M., & de Lemos, F. F. (2019). Complementarity of R&D and productivity in SME export behavior. Journal of Business Research, 96(January 2018), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.018 Federico, P. J. (1990). Operation for the Patent Act of 1790. Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, 72. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jpatos72&id=399&div=&collection= Fischer, M. M. (2006). The innovation process and network activities of manufacturing firms. Innovation, Networks, and Knowledge Spillovers: Selected Essays, 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35981-8_6 Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2013). Managing the intellectual property disassembly problem. California Management Review, 55(4), 184–210. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2013.55.4.184 Hall. (2011). Innovation and Productivity. NBER Working Paper - Cambridge, 50 -76. Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/02, 26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/134337307632 Holland, S. B. (2017). Firm investment in human health capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 46, 374– 390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.08.003 Huang, K. F., & Cheng, T. C. (2015). Determinants of firms’ patenting or not patenting behaviors. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M, 36, 52–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2015.05.003 Kingston, W. (2001). Innovation needs patents reform. Research Policy, 30(3), 403–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00090-1 Laforet, S. (2008). Size, strategic, and market orientation affects on innovation. Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.08.002 Lambert, D. (1992). Zero-inflated poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing. Technometrics, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1992.10485228 López, A. (2008). Determinants of R&D cooperation: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.09.006 Lucas, R. (1967). Adjustment Costs and the Theory of Supply. Journal of Political Economy, 75(4), 321- 334. Retrieved April 12, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/1828594 Malecki, E. J. (1991). Technology and Economic Development: The Dynamics of Local, Regional, and National Change. Longman Scientific & Technical. Morikawa, M. (2019). Journal of The Japanese and International Economies. Elsevier, 43-51. Nuria, L., José, M. M., & Camilo, V. (2012). ¿Qué necesita una empresa para innovar? Investigación, experiencia y persistencia. What does a firm need to innovate? Research, experience and persistence. Science Direct, 1-22. OMPI. (2019, 01 01). Patentes, ¿Qué es una patente? Ginebra, Chemin des Colombettes, Suiza. Peeters, C., & van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (2006). Innovation strategy and the patenting behavior of firms. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 16(1), 109–135 Pellegrino, G., & Savona, M. (2017). No money, no honey? Financial versus knowledge and demand constraints on innovation. Research Policy, 46(2), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2017.01.001 Pitkethly, R. H. (2001). Intellectual property strategy in Japanese and UK companies: Patent licensing decisions and learning opportunities. Research Policy, 30(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00084-6 Rasiah, R., Shahrivar, R. B., & Yap, X.-S. (2016). Institutional support, innovation capabilities and exports: Evidence from the semiconductor industry in Taiwan. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 109, 69–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.05.015 Rossi, J. L. J., Aguirre, F. B., Schmutzler, J., & Manchola, I. D. S. (2013). Relación entre la estrategia de innovación de la firma y su decisión de patentar: evidencia de empresas pertenecientes al sector manufacturero colombiano. Estudios Gerenciales, 29(128), 313–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2013.09.005 Rubashkina, Y., Galeotti, M., & Verdolini, E. (2015). Environmental regulation and competitiveness: Empirical evidence on. Elsevier, 1-12. Saebi, T., & Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions. European Management Journal, 33(3), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2014.11.002 Scherer, F. M. (1982). Demand-Pull and Technological Invention: Schmookler Revisted. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 30(3), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.2307/2098216 SIC. (02 de 01 de 2020). Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio. Obtenido de Patentes: https://www.sic.gov.co/node/43 Tang, C. F., & Abosedra, S. (2019). Logistics performance, exports, and growth: Evidence from Asian economies. Research in Transportation Economics, 100743. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100743 Tomlinson, P. R. (2010). Co-operative ties and innovation: Some new evidence for UK manufacturing. Research Policy, 39(6), 762–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.02.010 V. Valeska, G.-W., T. Claudina, U.-B., Coudounaris, D., & Joaquín, M.-P. (2016). Innovation and experiential knowledge in firm exports: Applying the initial U-model. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5076–5081. Vuong, Q. H. (1989). Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non-Nested Hypotheses. Econometrica, 57(2), 307–333. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912557 Wakelin, K. (1998). Innovation and export behaviour at the firm level. Research Policy, 26(7–8), 829– 841. Weber, B., & Heidenreich, S. (2018). When and with whom to cooperate? Investigating effects of cooperation stage and type on innovation capabilities and success. Long Range Planning, 51(2), 334–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.07.003 Zhang, D., Zheng, W., & Ning, L. (2018). Does innovation facilitate firm survival? Evidence from Chinese high-tech firms. Economic Modelling, 75(August), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.07.03 |
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Méndez Morales, Edgar AlbertoRomero Salazar, Jairo EstebanRamirez Albanez, Eliana MarcelaEconomista2020-11-10T00:25:30Z2020-11-10T00:25:30Z2020-04-21http://hdl.handle.net/10654/36769instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granadareponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granadarepourl:https://repository.unimilitar.edu.coEste documento analiza la tendencia a registrar solicitudes de patentes de las empresas manufactureras en Colombia durante el año 2016 y el efecto derivado de su capacidad para innovar. Realizando una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron las variables (factores) estratégicas que posibilitan la propensión a patentar tales como: fuentes de ideas internas y externas, cooperación, personal con especialización, maestría o doctorado, y la comercialización de productos en el exterior, concluyendo según los resultados que, las empresas manufactureras que desarrollaron los factores estratégicos mencionados, registraron una mayor propensión a patentar, en comparación con empresas de otro sector productivo y/o región geográfica o que no presentaron tales factores. Al finalizar este análisis, se proponen acciones para fortalecer y proteger la generación de patentes en el paísThis document analyses the propensity of Colombian manufacturing companies to issue patents during the year 2016, and the derivated effect on their capacity to innovate. Reviewing the literature, we identify several strategic variables (factors) enhancing the likelihood of patenting like internal and external sources of ideas, cooperation, employees with specialisations, masters and Ph.D. degrees, exportations, regional and industry-specific factors, concluding with our results that, manufacturing companies developing those strategic factors, tend to have higher likelihoods to patent in comparison to other firms with less developed factors or other regions or industries. At the end of this analysis, some measures directed to the increasing of patenting behaviour in companies are proposed.Pregradoapplicaction/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalAcceso abiertoModelando la propensión a patentar en el sector manufacturero colombiano: ¿son relevantes los factores estratégicos?Modeling the propensity to patent in the Colombian manufacturing sector: ¿are they relevant the strategic factors?PATENTES DE INVENCIONINDUSTRIAS MANUFACTURERASInnovationpatent propensitymanufacturing companiesColombiamicrodataInnovaciónpropensión a patentarempresas manufacturerasColombiamicrodatosTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fEconomíaFacultad de Ciencias EconómicasUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaArundel, A. (1997). Enterprise strategies and barriers to innovation. In Innovation Measurement and Policies. European Commission. (pp. 101–107).Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108Berkson, J. (1944). Application of the Logistic Function to Bio-Assay. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 39(227), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.2307/2280041Blind, K., Cremers, K., & Mueller, E. (2009). The influence of strategic patenting on companies’ patent portfolios. Research Policy, 38(2), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.12.003Boldrin, M., & Levine, D. K. (2008). Against Intellectual Monopoly Relevant Legal and Academic. Against Intellectual Monopoly, 21, 130–145.Chesbrough, H. (2003). The logic of open innovation: Managing intellectual property. In California Management Review (Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 33–58). https://doi.org/10.2307/41166175Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PROTECTING THEIR INTELLECTUAL ASSETS : APPROPRIABILITY CONDITIONS AND WHY U . S . MANUFACTURING FIRMSPATENT ( OR NOT ) Cambridge , MA 02138 February 2000 Protecting Their Intellectual Assets : Appropriability Conditions and Why U. New York, 50.Cole, Julio. (1998). ¿Se Justifican las Patentes en una Economía Libre?. Laissez-Faire. 9. 47-60.Crespi, G., & Zuniga, P. (2012). Innovation and Productivity: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries. World Development, 40(2), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.010D’Este, P., Iammarino, S., Savona, M., & von Tunzelmann, N. (2012). What hampers innovation? Revealed barriers versus deterring barriers. Research Policy, 41(2), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2011.09.008DANE. (2015). Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica Industria Manufacturear- EDIT VIII 2015-2016. Boletín técnico. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 1–70.de Sousa, A. G., Braga, M. J., & Meyer, L. F. F. (2015). Impact of Cooperation on the R&D Activities of Brazilian Firms. Procedia Economics and Finance, 24(July), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00641-3Ernst, H. (1998). Industrial research as a source of important patents. Research Policy, 27(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00029-2Fai, F., & Von Tunzelmann, N. (2001). Industry-specific competencies and converging technological systems: Evidence from patents. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 12(2), 141–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-349X(00)00035-7Falk, M., & de Lemos, F. F. (2019). Complementarity of R&D and productivity in SME export behavior. Journal of Business Research, 96(January 2018), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.018Federico, P. J. (1990). Operation for the Patent Act of 1790. Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, 72. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jpatos72&id=399&div=&collection=Fischer, M. M. (2006). The innovation process and network activities of manufacturing firms. Innovation, Networks, and Knowledge Spillovers: Selected Essays, 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35981-8_6Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2013). Managing the intellectual property disassembly problem. California Management Review, 55(4), 184–210. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2013.55.4.184Hall. (2011). Innovation and Productivity. NBER Working Paper - Cambridge, 50 -76.Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/02, 26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/134337307632Holland, S. B. (2017). Firm investment in human health capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 46, 374– 390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.08.003Huang, K. F., & Cheng, T. C. (2015). Determinants of firms’ patenting or not patenting behaviors. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M, 36, 52–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2015.05.003Kingston, W. (2001). Innovation needs patents reform. Research Policy, 30(3), 403–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00090-1Laforet, S. (2008). Size, strategic, and market orientation affects on innovation. Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.08.002Lambert, D. (1992). Zero-inflated poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing. Technometrics, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1992.10485228López, A. (2008). Determinants of R&D cooperation: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.09.006Lucas, R. (1967). Adjustment Costs and the Theory of Supply. Journal of Political Economy, 75(4), 321- 334. Retrieved April 12, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/1828594Malecki, E. J. (1991). Technology and Economic Development: The Dynamics of Local, Regional, and National Change. Longman Scientific & Technical.Morikawa, M. (2019). Journal of The Japanese and International Economies. Elsevier, 43-51.Nuria, L., José, M. M., & Camilo, V. (2012). ¿Qué necesita una empresa para innovar? Investigación, experiencia y persistencia. What does a firm need to innovate? Research, experience and persistence. Science Direct, 1-22.OMPI. (2019, 01 01). Patentes, ¿Qué es una patente? Ginebra, Chemin des Colombettes, Suiza.Peeters, C., & van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (2006). Innovation strategy and the patenting behavior of firms. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 16(1), 109–135Pellegrino, G., & Savona, M. (2017). No money, no honey? Financial versus knowledge and demand constraints on innovation. Research Policy, 46(2), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2017.01.001Pitkethly, R. H. (2001). 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Economic Modelling, 75(August), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.07.03Calle 100ORIGINALRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdfRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdfTrabajo de gradoapplication/pdf592178http://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/10654/36769/3/RomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf2d825304255320f1f5d99f198ff0389aMD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83420http://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/10654/36769/4/license.txta609d7e369577f685ce98c66b903b91bMD54THUMBNAILRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf.jpgRomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4369http://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/10654/36769/5/RomeroSalazarJairoEsteban2020_Formato.pdf.jpgf8f48e49bd6fdfb030da737f1f3ba6baMD5510654/36769oai:repository.unimilitar.edu.co:10654/367692020-11-30 01:18:05.355Repositorio Institucional 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