Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura
Introducción: El tromboembolismo venoso es frecuente en pacientes oncológicos y es reconocido como la segunda causa de mortalidad en esta población. Objetivo: revisar sistemáticamente y evaluar ensayos clínicos sobre el uso de anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer no hematológico....
- Autores:
-
Bolaños Losada, Carlos Felipe
Natera Melo, Annie Katherine
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UMNG
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.unimilitar.edu.co:10654/34915
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/10654/34915
- Palabra clave:
- ANTICOAGULANTES ORALES DIRECTOS
NEOPLASIAS
TROMBOSIS
Neoplasms
oral direct anticoagulants
thrombosis
thromboembolism.
ONCOLOGIA
TROMBOEMBOLISMO
ANTICOAGULANTES (MEDICINA)
anticoagulantes orales directos
Neoplasias
trombosis
tromboembolia.
- Rights
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, 2020
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism: Systematic review of the literature |
| title |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura |
| spellingShingle |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura ANTICOAGULANTES ORALES DIRECTOS NEOPLASIAS TROMBOSIS Neoplasms oral direct anticoagulants thrombosis thromboembolism. ONCOLOGIA TROMBOEMBOLISMO ANTICOAGULANTES (MEDICINA) anticoagulantes orales directos Neoplasias trombosis tromboembolia. |
| title_short |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura |
| title_full |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura |
| title_fullStr |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura |
| title_sort |
Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literatura |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Bolaños Losada, Carlos Felipe Natera Melo, Annie Katherine |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Erick Andrés, Cantor Rizo |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bolaños Losada, Carlos Felipe Natera Melo, Annie Katherine |
| dc.contributor.other.spa.fl_str_mv |
Delgado Barragán, José Elías |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
ANTICOAGULANTES ORALES DIRECTOS NEOPLASIAS TROMBOSIS |
| topic |
ANTICOAGULANTES ORALES DIRECTOS NEOPLASIAS TROMBOSIS Neoplasms oral direct anticoagulants thrombosis thromboembolism. ONCOLOGIA TROMBOEMBOLISMO ANTICOAGULANTES (MEDICINA) anticoagulantes orales directos Neoplasias trombosis tromboembolia. |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Neoplasms oral direct anticoagulants thrombosis thromboembolism. |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
ONCOLOGIA TROMBOEMBOLISMO ANTICOAGULANTES (MEDICINA) |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
anticoagulantes orales directos Neoplasias trombosis tromboembolia. |
| description |
Introducción: El tromboembolismo venoso es frecuente en pacientes oncológicos y es reconocido como la segunda causa de mortalidad en esta población. Objetivo: revisar sistemáticamente y evaluar ensayos clínicos sobre el uso de anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer no hematológico. Fuentes de datos y selección de estudios: las bases de datos Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) y LILACS fueron consultadas desde marzo de 2018 buscando ensayos clínicos que evalúan el efecto de anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer contra el estándar de manejo. Extracción de datos y síntesis: dos revisores realizaron la búsqueda y la extracción de datos de manera independiente y concurrente. Se utilizó la herramienta propuesta por la Colaboración Cochrane para la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo. Resultados: los anticoagulantes orales directos son medicamentos eficaces y seguros en pacientes con neoplasias sólidas. Debe tenerse precaución al prescribir este tipo de fármacos en pacientes con neoplasias gastrointestinales dado el mayor riesgo de sangrado. Aún se necesitan más datos de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados específicamente en población con cáncer para considerar el uso de estos medicamentos como un estándar de manejo. Conclusiones: los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer han demostrado disminuir la recurrencia de tromboembolismo venoso, asociado también a mayor tasa de sangrados. El uso de estos medicamentos debe definirse de forma individualizada, evitándolo en pacientes con tumores gastrointestinales. |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-12-10 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-02-25T19:29:11Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-02-25T19:29:11Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado |
| dc.type.dcmi-type-vocabulary.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10654/34915 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10654/34915 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Sørensen HT, Mellemkjær L, Olsen JH, Baron JA. Prognosis of Cancers Associated with Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 21 de diciembre de 2000;343(25):1846-50. Noble S, Pasi J. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of cancer-associated thrombosis. Br J Cancer. abril de 2010;102(S1):S2-9. Gussoni G, Frasson S, La Regina M, Di Micco P, Monreal M. Three-month mortality rate and clinical predictors in patients with venous thromboembolism and cancer. Findings from the RIETE registry. Thrombosis Research. enero de 2013;131(1):24-30. Cronin-Fenton DP, Søndergaard F, Pedersen LA, Fryzek JP, Cetin K, Acquavella J, et al. Hospitalisation for venous thromboembolism in cancer patients and the general population: a population-based cohort study in Denmark, 1997–2006. Br J Cancer. septiembre de 2010;103(7):947-53. Young A, Chapman O, Connor C, Poole C, Rose P, Kakkar AK. Thrombosis and cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. agosto de 2012;9(8):437-49. Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease. Chest. febrero de 2016;149(2):315-52. Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, et al. Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. JCO. 10 de junio de 2013;31(17):2189-204. Frere C, Farge D. Clinical practice guidelines for prophylaxis of venous thomboembolism in cancer patients. Thromb Haemost. 2016;116(10):618-25. Walker AJ, Card TR, West J, Crooks C, Grainge MJ. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer – A cohort study using linked United Kingdom databases. European Journal of Cancer. abril de 2013;49(6):1404-13. Edoxaban versus Warfarin for the Treatment of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;10. Prins MH, Lensing AWA, Brighton TA, Lyons RM, Rehm J, Trajanovic M, et al. Oral rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin with vitamin K antagonist for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer (EINSTEIN-DVT and EINSTEIN-PE): a pooled subgroup analysis of two randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Haematology. octubre de 2014;1(1):e37-46. Young AM, Marshall A, Thirlwall J, Chapman O, Lokare A, Hill C, et al. Comparison of an Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor With Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Patients With Cancer With Venous Thromboembolism: Results of a Randomized Trial (SELECT-D). JCO. 10 de julio de 2018;36(20):2017-23. Raskob GE, van Es N, Verhamme P, Carrier M, Di Nisio M, Garcia D, et al. Edoxaban for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 15 de febrero de 2018;378(7):615-24. Schünemann HJ, Ventresca M, Crowther M, Briel M, Zhou Q, Garcia D, et al. Use of heparins in patients with cancer: individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials study protocol. BMJ Open. abril de 2016;6(4):e010569. Gross CP, Galusha DH, Krumholz HM. The Impact of Venous Thromboembolism on Risk of Death or Hemorrhage in Older Cancer Patients. J GEN INTERN MED. marzo de 2007;22(3):321-6. Furie B, Furie BC. Mechanisms of Thrombus Formation. N Engl J Med. 28 de agosto de 2008;359(9):938-49. Morel O, Toti F, Hugel B, Bakouboula B, Camoin-Jau L, Dignat-George F, et al. Procoagulant Microparticles: Disrupting the Vascular Homeostasis Equation? ATVB. diciembre de 2006;26(12):2594-604. Lapumnuaypol K, DiMaria C, Chiasakul T. Safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 1 de agosto de 2019;112(8):605-10. Li G, Lip GYH, Holbrook A, Chang Y, Larsen TB, Sun X, et al. Direct comparative effectiveness and safety between non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Epidemiol. febrero de 2019;34(2):173-90. Makam RCP, Hoaglin DC, McManus DD, Wang V, Gore JM, Spencer FA, et al. Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants approved for cardiovascular indications: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pizzi C, editor. PLoS ONE. 24 de mayo de 2018;13(5):e0197583. Malhotra K, Ishfaq MF, Goyal N, Katsanos AH, Parissis J, Alexandrov AW, et al. Oral anticoagulation in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 21 de mayo de 2019;92(21):e2421-31. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, et al. Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 17 de septiembre de 2009;361(12):1139-51. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJV, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, et al. Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 15 de septiembre de 2011;365(11):981-92. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, et al. Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 8 de septiembre de 2011;365(10):883-91. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, Mercuri M, Curt V, Betcher J, et al. Transition of Patients From Blinded Study Drug to Open-Label Anticoagulation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. agosto de 2014;64(6):576-84. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, Hoffman EB, Deenadayalu N, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. The Lancet. marzo de 2014;383(9921):955-62. Kmh BS. Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. 2013;42. The EINSTEIN–PE Investigators. Oral Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 5 de abril de 2012;366(14):1287-97. Oral Rivaroxaban for Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 23 de diciembre de 2010;363(26):2499-510. Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Gallus AS, Lee TC, Pak R, et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: results from the AMPLIFY trial. J Thromb Haemost. diciembre de 2015;13(12):2187-91. Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, et al. Dabigatran versus Warfarin in the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 10 de diciembre de 2009;361(24):2342-52. Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, et al. Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism with Dabigatran or Warfarin and Pooled Analysis. :35. van der Hulle T, den Exter PL, Kooiman J, van der Hoeven JJM, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants in patients with cancer-associated acute venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost. julio de 2014;12(7):1116-20 Schulman S, Kearon C, the SUBCOMMITTEE ON CONTROL OF ANTICOAGULATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ON THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS. Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients: Definitions of major bleeding in clinical studies. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 4 de abril de 2005;3(4):692-4. Agnelli G, Becattini C, Bauersachs R, Brenner B, Campanini M, Cohen A, et al. Apixaban versus Dalteparin for the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer: The Caravaggio Study. Thromb Haemost. septiembre de 2018;118(09):1668-78. Schulman S, Goldhaber SZ, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, et al. Treatment with dabigatran or warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism and cancer. Thromb Haemost. 2015;114(07):150-7. Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, et al. Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Warfarin for the Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Study. Arch Intern Med. 12 de agosto de 2002;162(15):1729. Lee AYY, Bowden C, Rickles FR, Kovacs MJ. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus a Coumarin for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;8. Deitcher SR, Kessler CM, Merli G, Rigas JR, Lyons RM, Fareed J. Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Patients With Active Cancer: Enoxaparin Alone Versus Initial Enoxaparin Followed by Warfarin for a 180-Day Period. :9. Walenga JM, Adiguzel C. Drug and dietary interactions of the new and emerging oral anticoagulants. 2010;12. Short NJ, Connors JM. New Oral Anticoagulants and the Cancer Patient. The Oncologist. 1 de enero de 2014;19(1):82-93. Vedovati MC, Germini F, Agnelli G, Becattini C. Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With VTE and Cancer. Chest. febrero de 2015;147(2):475-83. Hakoum MB, Kahale LA, Tsolakian IG, Matar CF, Yosuico VE, Terrenato I, et al. Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer. Cochrane Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer Group, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet]. 24 de enero de 2018 [citado 15 de octubre de 2019]; Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006649.pub7 Li A, Garcia DA, Lyman GH, Carrier M. Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) versus low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for treatment of cancer associated thrombosis (CAT): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thrombosis Research. enero de 2019;173:158-63. Apixaban as Treatment of Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Cancer: The CAP Study (CAP) [Internet]. Disponible en: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02581176 Apixaban or Dalteparin in Reducing Blood Clots in Patients With Cancer Related Venous Thromboembolism [Internet]. Disponible en: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02585713 McBane R, Loprinzi C, Ashrani A, Botero JP, Leon Ferre R, Henkin S, et al. Apixaban and dalteparin in active malignancy associated venous thromboembolism: The ADAM VTE Trial. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(10):1952-61. Rivaroxaban in the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Cancer Patients [Internet]. Disponible en: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02583191 Khorana A, Weitz J. Treatment Challenges in Venous Thromboembolism: An Appraisal of Rivaroxaban Studies. Thromb Haemost. mayo de 2018;118(S 01):S23-33. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) Versus LMWH +/- Warfarin for VTE in Cancer (CANVAS) [Internet]. Disponible en: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02744092 |
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Hematología y Oncología Clínica |
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Erick Andrés, Cantor RizoBolaños Losada, Carlos FelipeNatera Melo, Annie KatherineEspecialista en Hematología y Oncología ClínicaDelgado Barragán, José ElíasMedicina2020-02-25T19:29:11Z2020-02-25T19:29:11Z2019-12-10http://hdl.handle.net/10654/34915Introducción: El tromboembolismo venoso es frecuente en pacientes oncológicos y es reconocido como la segunda causa de mortalidad en esta población. Objetivo: revisar sistemáticamente y evaluar ensayos clínicos sobre el uso de anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer no hematológico. Fuentes de datos y selección de estudios: las bases de datos Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) y LILACS fueron consultadas desde marzo de 2018 buscando ensayos clínicos que evalúan el efecto de anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer contra el estándar de manejo. Extracción de datos y síntesis: dos revisores realizaron la búsqueda y la extracción de datos de manera independiente y concurrente. Se utilizó la herramienta propuesta por la Colaboración Cochrane para la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo. Resultados: los anticoagulantes orales directos son medicamentos eficaces y seguros en pacientes con neoplasias sólidas. Debe tenerse precaución al prescribir este tipo de fármacos en pacientes con neoplasias gastrointestinales dado el mayor riesgo de sangrado. Aún se necesitan más datos de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados específicamente en población con cáncer para considerar el uso de estos medicamentos como un estándar de manejo. Conclusiones: los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer han demostrado disminuir la recurrencia de tromboembolismo venoso, asociado también a mayor tasa de sangrados. El uso de estos medicamentos debe definirse de forma individualizada, evitándolo en pacientes con tumores gastrointestinales.RESUMEN ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. MARCO TEÓRICO 3. PROBLEMA 4. JUSTIFICACIÓN 5. OBJETIVOS 6. PROPÓSITOS 7. ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS TIPO DE ESTUDIO POBLACIÓN DE REFERENCIA Y MUESTRA TÉCNICAS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN 10. ASPECTOS ÉTICOS 11. CRONOGRAMA 12. PRESUPUESTO 13. RESULTADOS 14. DISCUSIÓN 15. CONCLUSIONES 16. REFERENCIASIntroduction: Venous thromboembolism is common in patients with cancer and is recognized as the second cause of mortality in this population. Objective: to systematically review and evaluate clinical trials about the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with non-hematological cancer. Data sources and study selection: Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and LILACS databases were consulted since March 2018 looking for clinical trials evaluating the effect of direct oral anticoagulants in cancer patients compared to the standard of care. Data extraction and synthesis: two reviewers conducted the search and data extraction independently and concurrently. The tool proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe medications in patients with solid malignancies. Caution should be taken when prescribing this type of drugs in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies given the increased risk of bleeding. More data from randomized clinical trials specifically in the population with cancer are still needed to consider the use of these medications as a standard of care. Conclusions: Direct oral anticoagulants in cancer patients have demonstrated to decrease venous thromboembolism recurrence and are associated with a higher bleeding rate. The use of these medications should be defined individually, avoiding it in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.Especializaciónpdfapplication/pdfspaspaUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaFacultad de MedicinaHematología y Oncología ClínicaMedicina y Ciencias de la Salud - Hematología y Oncología ClínicaDerechos Reservados - Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, 2020https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadashttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes orales directos en pacientes con cáncer y tromboembolismo venoso: Revisión sistemática de la literaturaEfficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism: Systematic review of the literatureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisTrabajo de gradoTexthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fANTICOAGULANTES ORALES DIRECTOSNEOPLASIASTROMBOSISNeoplasmsoral direct anticoagulantsthrombosisthromboembolism.ONCOLOGIATROMBOEMBOLISMOANTICOAGULANTES (MEDICINA)anticoagulantes orales directosNeoplasiastrombosistromboembolia.Sørensen HT, Mellemkjær L, Olsen JH, Baron JA. Prognosis of Cancers Associated with Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 21 de diciembre de 2000;343(25):1846-50.Noble S, Pasi J. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of cancer-associated thrombosis. Br J Cancer. abril de 2010;102(S1):S2-9.Gussoni G, Frasson S, La Regina M, Di Micco P, Monreal M. Three-month mortality rate and clinical predictors in patients with venous thromboembolism and cancer. Findings from the RIETE registry. Thrombosis Research. enero de 2013;131(1):24-30.Cronin-Fenton DP, Søndergaard F, Pedersen LA, Fryzek JP, Cetin K, Acquavella J, et al. Hospitalisation for venous thromboembolism in cancer patients and the general population: a population-based cohort study in Denmark, 1997–2006. Br J Cancer. septiembre de 2010;103(7):947-53.Young A, Chapman O, Connor C, Poole C, Rose P, Kakkar AK. Thrombosis and cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. agosto de 2012;9(8):437-49.Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease. 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Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. 2013;42.The EINSTEIN–PE Investigators. Oral Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 5 de abril de 2012;366(14):1287-97.Oral Rivaroxaban for Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 23 de diciembre de 2010;363(26):2499-510.Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Gallus AS, Lee TC, Pak R, et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: results from the AMPLIFY trial. J Thromb Haemost. diciembre de 2015;13(12):2187-91.Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, et al. Dabigatran versus Warfarin in the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 10 de diciembre de 2009;361(24):2342-52.Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, et al. 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