Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains
Drug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils as an approach to improve the effectiveness o...
- Autores:
-
Donadu, Matthew Gavino
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad del Atlántico
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Uniatlantico
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co:20.500.12834/831
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12834/831
- Palabra clave:
- : Candida spp.; innovative antifungals; head neck cancer; azole resistant; Ruta graveolens
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
id |
UNIATLANT2_594b55bd130af4778f8f536872e1aff7 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co:20.500.12834/831 |
network_acronym_str |
UNIATLANT2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Uniatlantico |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains |
title |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains |
spellingShingle |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains : Candida spp.; innovative antifungals; head neck cancer; azole resistant; Ruta graveolens |
title_short |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains |
title_full |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains |
title_fullStr |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains |
title_full_unstemmed |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains |
title_sort |
Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Donadu, Matthew Gavino |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Donadu, Matthew Gavino |
dc.contributor.other.none.fl_str_mv |
Peralta-Ruiz, Yeimmy Usai, Donatella Maggio, Francesca Molina-Hernandez, Junior Bernando Rizzo, Davide Bussu, Francesco Rubino, Salvatore Zanetti, Stefania Paparella, Antonello Chaves-Lopez, Clemencia |
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
: Candida spp.; innovative antifungals; head neck cancer; azole resistant; Ruta graveolens |
topic |
: Candida spp.; innovative antifungals; head neck cancer; azole resistant; Ruta graveolens |
description |
Drug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils as an approach to improve the effectiveness of antifungal agents and to reduce antifungal resistance levels has been proposed. Our research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Colombian rue, Ruta graveolens, essential oil (REO) against clinical strains of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Data obtained showed that C. tropicalis and C. albicans were the most sensitive strains showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4.1 and 8.2 µg/mL of REO. Time–kill kinetics assay demonstrated that REO showed a fungicidal effect against C. tropicalis and a fungistatic effect against C. albicans. In addition, an amount of 40% of the biofilm formed by C. albicans was eradicated using 8.2 µg/mL of REO after 1 h of exposure. The synergistic effect of REO together with some antifungal compounds was also investigated. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed synergic effects of REO combined with amphotericin B. REO Lead a disruption in the cellular membrane integrity, consequently resulting in increased intracellular leakage of the macromolecules, thus confirming that the plasma membrane is a target of the mode of action of REO against C. albicans and C. tropicalis. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-14 |
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-02-26 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11-15T19:38:04Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11-15T19:38:04Z |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.hasVersion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12834/831 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/jof7050383 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad del Atlántico |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad del Atlántico |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12834/831 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.3390/jof7050383 Universidad del Atlántico Repositorio Universidad del Atlántico |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International |
dc.rights.accessRights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Barranquilla |
dc.publisher.discipline.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Agroindustrial |
dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv |
Sede Norte |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal Of Fungi |
institution |
Universidad del Atlántico |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/831/1/jof-07-00383.pdf https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/831/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/831/3/license.txt |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
338706b55ce1d37702e1e95ed065e340 24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5 67e239713705720ef0b79c50b2ececca |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
DSpace de la Universidad de Atlántico |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
sysadmin@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814203416519376896 |
spelling |
Donadu, Matthew Gavino14a828f3-86f4-4606-97f0-2f0958489615Peralta-Ruiz, YeimmyUsai, DonatellaMaggio, FrancescaMolina-Hernandez, Junior BernandoRizzo, DavideBussu, FrancescoRubino, SalvatoreZanetti, StefaniaPaparella, AntonelloChaves-Lopez, Clemencia2022-11-15T19:38:04Z2022-11-15T19:38:04Z2021-05-142021-02-26https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12834/83110.3390/jof7050383Universidad del AtlánticoRepositorio Universidad del AtlánticoDrug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils as an approach to improve the effectiveness of antifungal agents and to reduce antifungal resistance levels has been proposed. Our research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Colombian rue, Ruta graveolens, essential oil (REO) against clinical strains of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Data obtained showed that C. tropicalis and C. albicans were the most sensitive strains showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4.1 and 8.2 µg/mL of REO. Time–kill kinetics assay demonstrated that REO showed a fungicidal effect against C. tropicalis and a fungistatic effect against C. albicans. In addition, an amount of 40% of the biofilm formed by C. albicans was eradicated using 8.2 µg/mL of REO after 1 h of exposure. The synergistic effect of REO together with some antifungal compounds was also investigated. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed synergic effects of REO combined with amphotericin B. REO Lead a disruption in the cellular membrane integrity, consequently resulting in increased intracellular leakage of the macromolecules, thus confirming that the plasma membrane is a target of the mode of action of REO against C. albicans and C. tropicalis.application/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Journal Of FungiColombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida StrainsPúblico general: Candida spp.; innovative antifungals; head neck cancer; azole resistant; Ruta graveolensinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1BarranquillaIngeniería AgroindustrialSede Norte1. Gajdács, M.; Dóczi, I.; Ábrók, M.; Lázár, A.; Burián, K. Epidemiology of candiduria and Candida urinary tract infections in inpatients and outpatients: Results from a 10-year retrospective survey. Cent. Eur. J. Urol. 2019, 72, 209–214.2. Wang, H.; Xu, Y.-C.; Hsueh, P.-R. Epidemiology of candidemia and antifungal susceptibility in invasive Candida species in the Asia-Pacific region. Future Microbiol. 2016, 11, 1461–1477.3. de Repentigny, L.; Lewandowski, D.; Jolicoeur, P. Immunopathogenesis of oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2004, 17, 729–7594. Delaloye, J.; Calandra, T. Invasive candidiasis as a cause of sepsis in the critically ill patient. Virulence 2014, 5, 161–1695. Singh, A.; Verma, R.; Murari, A.; Agrawal, A. Oral candidiasis: An overview. J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol. 2014, 18, S81–S856. Berkow, E.L.; Lockhart, S.R. Fluconazole resistance in Candida species: A current perspective. Infect. Drug Resist. 2017, 10, 237–2457. Taei, M.; Chadeganipour, M.; Mohammadi, R. An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents. BMC Res. Notes 2019, 12, 779.8. Sadeghi, G.; Ebrahimi-Rad, M.; Mousavi, S.F.; Shams-Ghahfarokhi, M.; Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. Emergence of non-Candida albicans species: Epidemiology, phylogeny and fluconazole susceptibility profile. J. Mycol. Med. 2018, 28, 51–589. Bua, A.; Usai, D.; Donadu, M.G.; Delgado Ospina, J.; Paparella, A.; Chaves-Lopez, C.; Serio, A.; Rossi, C.; Zanetti, S.; Molicotti, P. Antimicrobial activity of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (H.B.K.) against intracellular and extracellular organisms. Nat. Prod. Res. 2018, 32, 2869–287110. Pellegrini, M.; Ricci, A.; Serio, A.; Chaves-López, C.; Mazzarrino, G.; D’Amato, S.; Lo Sterzo, C.; Paparella, A. Characterization of essential oils obtained from Abruzzo autochthonous plants: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities assessment for food application. Foods 2018, 7, 1911. Antunes, M.D.C.; Cavaco, A.M. The use of essential oils for postharvest decay control. A review. Flavour Fragr. J. 2010, 25, 351–366.12. Tampieri, M.P.; Galuppi, R.; Macchioni, F.; Carelle, M.S.; Falcioni, L.; Cioni, P.L.; Morelli, I. The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and their major components. Mycopathologia 2005, 159, 339–34513. Ravindran, P.N.; Pillai, G.S.; Divakaran, M. 28—Other herbs and spices: Mango ginger to wasabi. In Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, 2nd ed.; Peter, K.V., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Southston, UK, 2012; pp. 557–582, ISBN 978-0-85709-040-9.14. Price Masalias, L.J.; Merztal, G. Biopreparados Para el Manejo Sostenible de Plagas y Enfermedades en la Agricultura Urbana y Periurbana; Lima, 201015. Gómez Álvarez, L.E.; Agudelo Mesa, S.C. Cartilla para Educación Agroecológica, 200616. Peralta-Ruiz, Y.; Grande Tovar, C.; Sinning-Mangonez, A.; Bermont, D.; Pérez Cordero, A.; Paparella, A.; Chaves-López, C. Colletotrichum gloesporioides inhibition using chitosan-Ruta graveolens L essential oil coatings: Studies in vitro and in situ on Carica papaya fruit. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2020, 326, 10864917. Grande Tovar, C.D.; Delgado-Ospina, J.; Navia Porras, D.P.; Peralta-Ruiz, Y.; Cordero, A.P.; Castro, J.I.; Valencia, C.; Noé, M.; Mina, J.H.; Chaves López, C. Colletotrichum Gloesporioides Inhibition In Situ by Chitosan-Ruta graveolens Essential Oil Coatings: Effect on Microbiological, Physicochemical, and Organoleptic Properties of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) during Room Temperature Storage. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 39918. Haddouchi, F.; Chaouche, T.M.; Zaouali, Y.; Ksouri, R.; Attou, A.; Benmansour, A. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from four Ruta species growing in Algeria. Food Chem. 2013, 141, 253–258.19. González-Locarno, M.; Maza Pautt, Y.; Albis, A.; Florez López, E.; Grande Tovar, D.C. Assessment of Chitosan-Rue (Ruta graveolens L.) Essential Oil-Based Coatings on Refrigerated Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Quality. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 268420. Peralta-Ruiz, Y.; Grande Tovar, C.; Sinning-Mangonez, A.; Coronell, E.A.; Marino, M.F.; Chaves-Lopez, C. Reduction of Postharvest Quality Loss and Microbiological Decay of Tomato “Chonto”(Solanum lycopersicum L.) Using Chitosan-E Essential Oil-Based Edible Coatings under Low-Temperature Storage. Polymers 2020, 12, 182221. Peralta-Ruiz, Y.; Grande-Tovar, C.D.; Navia Porras, D.P.; Sinning-Mangonez, A.; Delgado-Ospina, J.; González-Locarno, M.; Maza Pautt, Y.; Chaves-López, C. Packham’s Triumph Pears (Pyrus communis L.) Post-Harvest Treatment during Cold Storage Based on Chitosan and Rue Essential Oil. Molecules 2021, 26, 72522. Terlecka, J.A.; Du Cros, P.A.; Orla Morrissey, C.; Spelman, D. Rapid differentiation of Candida albicans from non-albicans species by germ tube test directly from BacTAlert blood culture bottles. Mycoses 2007, 50, 48–5123. Zuza-Alves, D.L.; Silva-Rocha, W.P.; Chaves, G.M. An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches. Front. Microbiol. 2017, 8, 192724. Spengler, G.; Kincses, A.; Mosolygó, T.; Mar´c, M.A.; Nové, M.; Gajdács, M.; Sanmartín, C.; McNeil, H.E.; Blair, J.; DomínguezÁlvarez, E. Antiviral, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of selenoesters and selenoanhydrides. Molecules 2019, 24, 4264.25. Nidhi, P.; Rolta, R.; Kumar, V.; Dev, K.; Sourirajan, A. Synergistic potential of Citrus aurantium L. essential oil with antibiotics against Candida albicans. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2020, 262, 11313526. Fratini, F.; Mancini, S.; Turchi, B.; Friscia, E.; Pistelli, L.; Giusti, G.; Cerri, D. A novel interpretation of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index: The case Origanum vulgare L. and Leptospermum scoparium JR et G. Forst essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Microbiol. Res. 2017, 195, 11–1727. Odds, F.C. Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003, 52, 1.28. Chaves López, C.; Mazzarrino, G.; Rodríguez, A.; Fernández-López, J.; Pérez-Álvarez, J.A.; Viuda-Martos, M. Assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial potential of borojo fruit (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) from the rainforests of South America. Ind. Crops Prod. 2015, 63, 79–8629. Scorneaux, B.; Angulo, D.; Borroto-Esoda, K.; Ghannoum, M.; Peel, M.; Wring, S. SCY-078 Is Fungicidal against Candida Species in Time-Kill Studies. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2017, 61, e01961-1630. Rossi, C.; Serio, A.; Chaves-López, C.; Anniballi, F.; Auricchio, B.; Goffredo, E.; Cenci-Goga, B.T.; Lista, F.; Fillo, S.; Paparella, A. Biofilm formation, pigment production and motility in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the dairy industry. Food Control 2018, 86, 241–24831. Chaves-López, C.; Usai, D.; Donadu, M.G.; Serio, A.; González-Mina, R.T.; Simeoni, M.C.; Molicotti, P.; Zanetti, S.; Pinna, A.; Paparella, A. Potential of Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas water extract to inhibit nosocomial antibiotic resistant bacteria and cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Food Funct. 2018, 9, 2725–2734.32. Tao, N.; OuYang, Q.; Jia, L. Citral inhibits mycelial growth of Penicillium italicum by a membrane damage mechanism. Food Control 2014, 41, 116–121.33. Chaves-Lopez, C.; Nguyen, H.N.; Oliveira, R.C.; Nadres, E.T.; Paparella, A.; Rodrigues, D.F. A morphological, enzymatic and metabolic approach to elucidate apoptotic-like cell death in fungi exposed to h- and α-molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2018, 10, 20702–2071634. Grande-Tovar, C.D.; Chaves-Lopez, C.; Serio, A.; Rossi, C.; Paparella, A. Chitosan coatings enriched with essential oils: Effects on fungi involve in fruit decay and mechanisms of action. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2018, 78, 61–7135. Usai, D.; Donadu, M.; Bua, A.; Molicotti, P.; Zanetti, S.; Piras, S.; Corona, P.; Ibba, R.; Carta, A. Enhancement of antimicrobial activity of pump inhibitors associating drugs. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. 2019, 13, 162–16436. Barac, A.; Donadu, M.; Usai, D.; Spiric, V.T.; Mazzarello, V.; Zanetti, S.; Aleksic, E.; Stevanovic, G.; Nikolic, N.; Rubino, S. Antifungal activity of Myrtus communis against Malassezia sp. isolated from the skin of patients with pityriasis versicolor. Infection 2018, 46, 253–25737. Donadu, M.G.; Usai, D.; Marchetti, M.; Usai, M.; Mazzarello, V.; Molicotti, P.; Montesu, M.A.; Delogu, G.; Zanetti, S. Antifungal activity of oils macerates of North Sardinia plants against Candida species isolated from clinical patients with candidiasis. Nat. Prod. Res. 2020, 34, 3280–328438. Le, N.T.; Donadu, M.G.; Ho, D.V.; Doan, T.Q.; Le, A.T.; Raal, A.; Usai, D.; Sanna, G.; Marchetti, M.; Usai, M. Biological activities of essential oil extracted from leaves of Atalantia sessiflora Guillauminin Vietnam. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. 2020, 14, 1054–1064.39. Reddy, D.N.; Al-Rajab, A.J. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ruta graveolens L. volatile oils. Cogent Chem. 2016, 2, 1–1140. Attia, E.Z.; Abd El-Baky, R.M.; Desoukey, S.Y.; El Hakeem Mohamed, M.A.; Bishr, M.M.; Kamel, M.S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Ruta graveolens plants treated with salicylic acid under drought stress conditions. Futur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2018, 4, 254–264.41. Saad, A.; Fadli, M.; Bouaziz, M.; Benharref, A.; Mezrioui, N.-E.; Hassani, L. Anticandidal activity of the essential oils of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii and their synergism with amphotericin B and fluconazol. Phytomedicine 2010, 17, 1057–106042. De Castro, R.D.; de Souza, T.M.P.A.; Bezerra, L.M.D.; Ferreira, G.L.S.; de Brito Costa, E.M.M.; Cavalcanti, A.L. Antifungal activity and mode of action of thymol and its synergism with nystatin against Candida species involved with infections in the oral cavity: An in vitro study. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2015, 15, 1–7.43. Nakamura, C.V.; Ishida, K.; Faccin, L.C.; Filho, B.P.D.; Cortez, D.A.G.; Rozental, S.; de Souza, W.; Ueda-Nakamura, T. In vitro activity of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum L. against four Candida species. Res. Microbiol. 2004, 155, 579–58644. Rajkowska, K.; Nowicka-Krawczyk, P.; Kunicka-Styczy ´nska, A. Effect of Clove and Thyme Essential Oils on Candida Biofilm Formation and the Oil Distribution in Yeast Cells. Molecules 2019, 24, 195445. Mukherjee, P.K.; Long, L.; Kim, H.G.; Ghannoum, M.A. Amphotericin B lipid complex is efficacious in the treatment of Candida albicans biofilms using a model of catheter-associated Candida biofilms. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2009, 33, 149–15346. Agarwal, V.; Lal, P.; Pruthi, V. Prevention of Candida albicans biofilm by plant oils. Mycopathologia 2008, 165, 13–1947. Tyagi, A.K.; Malik, A. Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of selected essential oils against Candida albicans: Microscopic observations and chemical characterization of Cymbopogon citratus. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2010, 10, 1–1148. Al-Fattani, M.A.; Douglas, L.J. Biofilm matrix of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis: Chemical composition and role in drug resistance. J. Med. Microbiol. 2006, 55, 999–100849. Al-Fattani, M.A.; Douglas, L.J. Penetration of Candida biofilms by antifungal agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2004, 48, 3291–329750. Chen, Y.; Zeng, H.; Tian, J.; Ban, X.; Ma, B.; Wang, Y. Antifungal mechanism of essential oil from Anethum graveolens seeds against Candida albicans. J. Med. Microbiol. 2013, 62, 1175–1183.51. Pristov, K.E.; Ghannoum, M.A. Resistance of Candida to azoles and echinocandins worldwide. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2019, 25, 792–79852. Ahmad, A.; Khan, A.; Kumar, P.; Bhatt, R.; Manzoor, N. Antifungal activity of Coriaria nepalensis essential oil by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candida. Yeast 2011, 28, 611–61753. Rajkowska, K.; Nowak, A.; Kunicka-Styczy ´nska, A.; Siadura, A. Biological effects of various chemically characterized essential oils: Investigation of the mode of action against Candida albicans and HeLa cells. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 97199–97207http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501ORIGINALjof-07-00383.pdfjof-07-00383.pdfapplication/pdf2552438https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/831/1/jof-07-00383.pdf338706b55ce1d37702e1e95ed065e340MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8914https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/831/2/license_rdf24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81306https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/831/3/license.txt67e239713705720ef0b79c50b2ececcaMD5320.500.12834/831oai:repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co:20.500.12834/8312022-11-15 14:38:05.227DSpace de la Universidad de Atlánticosysadmin@mail.uniatlantico.edu.coVMOpcm1pbm9zIGdlbmVyYWxlcyBkZWwgUmVwb3NpdG9yaW8gSW5zdGl0dWNpb25hbCBkZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBkZWwgQXRsw6FudGljbwoKRWwgKGxvcykgYXV0b3IgKGVzKSBoYW4gYXNlZ3VyYWRvIChuKSBsbyBzaWd1aWVudGUgc29icmUgbGEgb2JyYSBhIGludGVncmFyIGVuIGVsIFJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIEluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwsIHF1ZToKCuKXjwlFcyBvcmlnaW5hbCwgZGUgc3UgZXhjbHVzaXZhIGF1dG9yw61hLCBzZSByZWFsaXrDsyBzaW4gdmlvbGFyIG8gdXN1cnBhciBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSB0ZXJjZXJvcyB5IHBvc2VlIGxhIHRpdHVsYXJpZGFkLgril48JQXN1bWlyw6FuIGxhIHJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZCB0b3RhbCBwb3IgZWwgY29udGVuaWRvIGEgbGEgb2JyYSBhbnRlIGxhIEluc3RpdHVjacOzbiB5IHRlcmNlcm9zLgril48JQXV0b3JpemFuIGEgdMOtdHVsbyBncmF0dWl0byB5IHJlbnVuY2lhcyBhIHJlY2liaXIgZW1vbHVtZW50b3MgcG9yIGxhcyBhY3RpdmlkYWRlcyBxdWUgc2UgcmVhbGljZW4gY29uIGVsbGEsIHNlZ8O6biBzdSBsaWNlbmNpYS4KCgpMYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBkZWwgQXRsw6FudGljbywgcG9yIHN1IHBhcnRlLCBzZSBjb21wcm9tZXRlIGEgYWN0dWFyIGVuIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3MgZXN0YWJsZWNpZG9zIGVuIGxhIExleSAyMyBkZSAxOTgyIHkgbGEgRGVjaXNpw7NuIEFuZGluYSAzNTEgZGUgMTk5MywgZGVtw6FzIG5vcm1hcyBnZW5lcmFsZXMgc29icmUgbGEgbWF0ZXJpYSB5IGVsIEFjdWVyZG8gU3VwZXJpb3IgMDAxIGRlIDE3IGRlIG1hcnpvIGRlIDIwMTEsIHBvciBtZWRpbyBkZWwgY3VhbCBzZSBleHBpZGUgZWwgRXN0YXR1dG8gZGUgUHJvcGllZGFkIEludGVsZWN0dWFsIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIGRlbCBBdGzDoW50aWNvLgoKUG9yIMO6bHRpbW8sIGhhbiBzaWRvIGluZm9ybWFkb3Mgc29icmUgZWwgdHJhdGFtaWVudG8gZGUgZGF0b3MgcGVyc29uYWxlcyBwYXJhIGZpbmVzIGFjYWTDqW1pY29zIHkgZW4gYXBsaWNhY2nDs24gZGUgY29udmVuaW9zIGNvbiB0ZXJjZXJvcyBvIHNlcnZpY2lvcyBjb25leG9zIGNvbiBhY3RpdmlkYWRlcyBwcm9waWFzIGRlIGxhIGFjYWRlbWlhLCBiYWpvIGVsIGVzdHJpY3RvIGN1bXBsaW1pZW50byBkZSBsb3MgcHJpbmNpcGlvcyBkZSBsZXkuCgpMYXMgY29uc3VsdGFzLCBjb3JyZWNjaW9uZXMgeSBzdXByZXNpb25lcyBkZSBkYXRvcyBwZXJzb25hbGVzIHB1ZWRlbiBwcmVzZW50YXJzZSBhbCBjb3JyZW8gZWxlY3Ryw7NuaWNvIGhhYmVhc2RhdGFAbWFpbC51bmlhdGxhbnRpY28uZWR1LmNvCg== |