Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines

Internal combustion engines are widely implemented in several applications; however, they still face significant challenges due to the sealing capacity of the compression rings. Gas leakage through the crankcase, also known as blow-by, directly impacts power losses, overall efficiency, and global em...

Full description

Autores:: Hernández-Comas, Brando

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad del Atlántico

Repositorio:: Repositorio Uniatlantico

Idioma:: eng

id	UNIATLANT2_39a8670cee0a1f8ced5378728a6f9aa0
oai_identifier_str	oai:repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co:20.500.12834/1134
network_acronym_str	UNIATLANT2
network_name_str	Repositorio Uniatlantico
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
title	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
spellingShingle	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines blow-by gas; compression ring; combustion gases; diesel engine; internal combustion engine
title_short	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
title_full	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
title_fullStr	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
title_sort	Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Hernández-Comas, Brando
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Hernández-Comas, Brando
dc.contributor.other.none.fl_str_mv	Maestre-Cambronel, Daniel Pardo-García, Carlos Fonseca-Vigoya, Marlen Del Socorro Pabón-León, Jhon
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv	blow-by gas; compression ring; combustion gases; diesel engine; internal combustion engine
topic	blow-by gas; compression ring; combustion gases; diesel engine; internal combustion engine
description	Internal combustion engines are widely implemented in several applications; however, they still face significant challenges due to the sealing capacity of the compression rings. Gas leakage through the crankcase, also known as blow-by, directly impacts power losses, overall efficiency, and global emissions. Therefore, the present study investigates the influence of parameters such as the ring gap, ring masses, and twist angle of the compression rings on the sealing capacity of the combustion chamber. A mathematical model is proposed to account for geometric, dynamic, and operational characteristics in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The results indicated that the greatest gas losses to the crankcase occur during the compression and combustion stages as a consequence of extreme pressure conditions. Specifically, at least 0.5% of the gases locked in the combustion chamber are released on each cycle, while increasing the mass of the compression rings boosts the gas leakage due to higher inertial forces in the rings. In contrast, a positive twist angle of the compression rings reduced the combustion gases leakage by 7.33 × 10−5 g/cycle. Additionally, a combined reduction in the gap of both compression rings minimized the leakage flows by 37%. In conclusion, the proposed model served as a robust tool to evaluate different parameters on the sealing capacity of the combustion chamber that contribute to minimizing global emissions. Secondary piston motion and ring distortion represent significant opportunities in future studies.
publishDate	2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2021-02-11
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv	2021-03-02
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2022-12-17T18:40:13Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2022-12-17T18:40:13Z
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.hasVersion.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv	Hernández-Comas, B.; Maestre-Cambronel, D.; Pardo-García, C.; Fonseca-Vigoya, M.D.S.; Pabón-León, J. Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines. Lubricants 2021, 9, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ lubricants9030025
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12834/1134
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv	10.3390/ lubricants9030025
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad del Atlántico
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Universidad del Atlántico
identifier_str_mv	Hernández-Comas, B.; Maestre-Cambronel, D.; Pardo-García, C.; Fonseca-Vigoya, M.D.S.; Pabón-León, J. Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines. Lubricants 2021, 9, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ lubricants9030025 10.3390/ lubricants9030025 Universidad del Atlántico Repositorio Universidad del Atlántico
url	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12834/1134
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv	Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
dc.rights.accessRights.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv	Barranquilla
dc.publisher.discipline.spa.fl_str_mv	Ingeniería Mecánica
dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv	Sede Norte
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv	lubricants
institution	Universidad del Atlántico
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/1134/1/lubricants-09-00025-v2.pdf https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/1134/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/1134/3/license.txt
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	8a4705111452ee10c852af169b3aff2a 24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5 67e239713705720ef0b79c50b2ececca
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5 MD5 MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	DSpace de la Universidad de Atlántico
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	sysadmin@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co
_version_	1814203412271595520
spelling	Hernández-Comas, Brandocc64d23c-1e8f-4608-93cc-34cfc4b10317Maestre-Cambronel, DanielPardo-García, CarlosFonseca-Vigoya, Marlen Del SocorroPabón-León, Jhon2022-12-17T18:40:13Z2022-12-17T18:40:13Z2021-02-112021-03-02Hernández-Comas, B.; Maestre-Cambronel, D.; Pardo-García, C.; Fonseca-Vigoya, M.D.S.; Pabón-León, J. Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines. Lubricants 2021, 9, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ lubricants9030025https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12834/113410.3390/ lubricants9030025Universidad del AtlánticoRepositorio Universidad del AtlánticoInternal combustion engines are widely implemented in several applications; however, they still face significant challenges due to the sealing capacity of the compression rings. Gas leakage through the crankcase, also known as blow-by, directly impacts power losses, overall efficiency, and global emissions. Therefore, the present study investigates the influence of parameters such as the ring gap, ring masses, and twist angle of the compression rings on the sealing capacity of the combustion chamber. A mathematical model is proposed to account for geometric, dynamic, and operational characteristics in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The results indicated that the greatest gas losses to the crankcase occur during the compression and combustion stages as a consequence of extreme pressure conditions. Specifically, at least 0.5% of the gases locked in the combustion chamber are released on each cycle, while increasing the mass of the compression rings boosts the gas leakage due to higher inertial forces in the rings. In contrast, a positive twist angle of the compression rings reduced the combustion gases leakage by 7.33 × 10−5 g/cycle. Additionally, a combined reduction in the gap of both compression rings minimized the leakage flows by 37%. In conclusion, the proposed model served as a robust tool to evaluate different parameters on the sealing capacity of the combustion chamber that contribute to minimizing global emissions. Secondary piston motion and ring distortion represent significant opportunities in future studies.application/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2lubricantsInfluence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel EnginesInfluence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel EnginesPúblico generalblow-by gas; compression ring; combustion gases; diesel engine; internal combustion engineinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1BarranquillaIngeniería MecánicaSede NorteAmador, G.; Duarte, J.F.; Rincon, A.; Fontalvo, A.; Bula, A.; Padilla, R.V.; Orozco, W. Characteristics of Auto-Ignition in Internal Combustion Engines Operated with Gaseous Fuels of Variable Methane Number. J. Energy Resour. Technol. Trans. ASME 2017, 139. [CrossRef]Ochoa, G.V.; Isaza-Roldan, C.; Duarte Forero, J. Economic and Exergo-Advance Analysis of a Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle under Organic Fluids with Low Global Warming Potential. Energies 2020, 13, 1317. [CrossRefPavlovic, J.; Ciuffo, B.; Fontaras, G.; Valverde, V.; Marotta, A. How much difference in type-approval CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe can be expected from changing to the new test procedure (NEDC vs. WLTP)? Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 2018, 111, 136–147. [CrossRef]Orozco, W.; Acuña, N.; Duarte, J. Characterization of Emissions in Low Displacement Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel and Energy Recovery System. Int. Rev. Mech. Eng. 2019, 13, 420–426. [CrossRef]Duarte, J.; Garcia, J.; Jiménez, J.; Sanjuan, M.E.; Bula, A.; González, J. Auto-Ignition Control in Spark-Ignition Engines Using Internal Model Control Structure. J. Energy Resour. Technol. Trans. ASME 2017, 139. [CrossRef]Allen, C.M.; Gosala, D.B.; Shaver, G.M.; McCarthy, J. Comparative study of diesel engine cylinder deactivation transition strategies. Int. J. Engine Res. 2019, 20, 570–580. [CrossRef]Oglieve, C.J.; Mohammadpour, M.; Rahnejat, H. Optimisation of the vehicle transmission and the gear-shifting strategy for the minimum fuel consumption and the minimum nitrogen oxide emissions. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng. 2017, 231, 883–899. [CrossRef]Duarte, J.; Amador, G.; Garcia, J.; Fontalvo, A.; Vasquez Padilla, R.; Sanjuan, M.; Gonzalez Quiroga, A. Auto-ignition control in turbocharged internal combustion engines operating with gaseous fuels. Energy 2014, 71, 137–147. [CrossRef]Turnbull, R.; Mohammadpour, M.; Rahmani, R.; Rahnejat, H.; Offner, G. Coupled elastodynamics of piston compression ring subject to sweep excitation. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part K J. Multi-Body Dyn. 2017, 231, 469–479. [CrossRef]Morris, N.; Mohammadpour, M.; Rahmani, R.; Rahnejat, H. Optimisation of the piston compression ring for improved energy efficiency of high performance race engines. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng. 2017, 231, 1806–1817. [CrossRef]Baker, C.; Theodossiades, S.; Rahmani, R.; Rahnejat, H.; Fitzsimons, B. On the Transient Three-Dimensional Tribodynamics of Internal Combustion Engine Top Compression Ring. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 2017, 139. [CrossRef]Hallouin, B.; Lasseux, D.; Senger, G. Gas flow through a bore-piston ring contact. Int. J. Engine Res. 2020. [CrossRef]Namazian, M.; Heywood, J.B. Flow in the Piston-Cylinder-Ring Crevices of a Spark-Ignition Engine: Effect on Hydrocarbon Emissions, Efficiency and Power; SAE Technical Papers; Society of Automotive Engineers: Warrendale, PA, USA, 1982.Furuhama, S.; Tada, T. On the Flow of Gas through the Piston-Rings: 2nd Report, the Character of Gas Leakage. Bull. JSME 1961, 4, 691–698. [CrossRef]Tomanik, E.; Sobrinho, R.M.S.; Zecchinelli, R. Influence Of Top Ring End Gap Types At Blow-By Of Internal Combustion Engines. SAE Tech. Pap. 1993. [CrossRef]Wannatong, K.; Chanchaona, S.; Sanitjai, S. Simulation algorithm for piston ring dynamics. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 2008, 16, 127–146. [CrossRef]Keribar, R.; Dursunkaya, Z.; Flemming, M.F. An Integrated Model of Ring Pack Performance. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 1991, 113, 382–389. [CrossRef]Przesmitzki, S.; Tian, T. An Experimental Study of the Time Scales and Controlling Factors Affecting Drastic Blow-by Increases during Transient Load Changes in SI Engines. SAE Tech. Pap. 2008. [CrossRef]Iijima, N.; Miyamoto, T.; Takiguchi, M.; Kai, R.; Sato, M. An Experimental Study on Phenomena of Piston Ring Collapse. SAE Tech. Pap. 2002. [CrossRef]Tian, T. Dynamic behaviours of piston rings and their practical impact. Part 2: Oil transport, friction and wear of ring/liner interface and the effects of piston and ring dynamics. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol. 2002, 216, 229–248. [CrossRef]Dowson, D.; Higginson, G.R. A Numerical Solution to the Elasto-Hydrodynamic Problem. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 1959, 1, 6–15. [CrossRef]Yang, P.; Cui, J.; Jin, Z.M.; Dowson, D. Transient elastohydrodynamic analysis of elliptical contacts. Part 2: Thermal and Newtonian lubricant solution. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol. 2005, 219, 187–200. [CrossRef]Roelands, C.J.A.; Winer, W.O.; Wright, W.A. Correlational Aspects of the Viscosity-Temperature-Pressure Relationship of Lubricating Oils (Dr In dissertation at Technical University of Delft, 1966). J. Lubr. Technol. 1971, 93, 209–210. [CrossRef]Houpert, L. New Results of Traction Force Calculations in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts. J. Tribol. 1985, 107, 241–245. [CrossRefPerera, M.S.M.; Theodossiades, S.; Rahnejat, H. Elasto-multi-body dynamics of internal combustion engines with tribological conjunctions. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part K J. Multi-Body Dyn. 2010, 224, 261–277. [CrossRef]Consuegra, F.; Bula, A.; Guillín, W.; Sánchez, J.; Duarte Forero, J. Instantaneous in-Cylinder Volume Considering Deformation and Clearance due to Lubricating Film in Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines. Energies 2019, 12, 1437. [CrossRef]Patir, N.; Cheng, H.S. Application of Average Flow Model to Lubrication between Rough Sliding Surfaces. J. Lubr. Technol. 1979, 101, 220–229. [CrossRef]Patir, N.; Cheng, H.S. An Average Flow Model for Determining Effects of Three-Dimensional Roughness on Partial Hydrodynamic Lubrication. J. Lubr. Technol. 1978, 100, 12–17. [CrossRef]Greenwood, J.A.; Tripp, J.H. The Contact of Two Nominally Flat Rough Surfaces. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1970, 185, 625–633. [CrossRef]Teodorescu, M.; Balakrishnan, S.; Rahnejat, H. Integrated Tribological Analysis within a Multi- physics Approach to System Dynamics. Tribol. Interface Eng. Ser. 2005, 48, 725–737.Makartchouk, A. Diesel Engine Engineering: Thermodynamics, Dynamics, Design, and Control; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2002; Volume 143.Tian, T.; Noordzij, L.B.; Wong, V.W.; Heywood, J.B. Modeling Piston-Ring Dynamics, Blowby, and Ring-Twist Effects. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 1998, 120, 843–854. [CrossRef]Lyubarskyy, P.; Bartel, D. 2D CFD-model of the piston assembly in a diesel engine for the analysis of piston ring dynamics, mass transport and friction. Tribol. Int. 2016, 104, 352–368. [CrossRef]Rahmani, R.; Theodossiades, S.; Rahnejat, H.; Fitzsimons, B. Transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication of rough new or worn piston compression ring conjunction with an out-of-round cylinder bore. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol. 2012, 226, 284–305. [CrossRef]Lang, T.E. Vibration of Thin Circular Rings, Part 1; Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Pasadena, CA, USA, 1962.Sutherland, L.W. The viscosity of gases and molecular force. Philos. Mag. 1893, 36, 507–531. [CrossRef]Theaker, M.; Rahmani, R.; Rahnejat, H. Prediction of Ring-Bore Conformance and Contact Condition and Experimental Validation. In Proceedings of the ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, Piemonte, Italy, 6–9 May 2012; pp. 885–892.Zhu, D.; Hu, Y.-Z.; Cheng, H.S.; Arai, T.; Hamai, K. A Numerical Analysis for Piston Skirts in Mixed Lubrication: Part II— Deformation Considerations. J. Tribol. 1993, 115, 125–133. [CrossRef]Cantore, G.; Giacopini, M.; Rosi, R.; Strozzi, A.; Pelloni, P.; Forte, C.; Achiluzzi, M.; Bianchi, G.M.; Ceschini, L.; Morri, A. Validation of a combined CFD/FEM methodology for the evaluation of thermal load acting on aluminum alloy pistons through hardness measurements in internal combustion engines. Metall. Sci. Tecnol. 2011, 29, 16–25.Richardson, D.E. Comparison of Measured and Theoretical Inter-Ring Gas Pressure on a Diesel Engine; SAE Technical Papers; SAE International: Warrendale, PA, USA, 1996.Dursunkaya, Z.; Keribar, R.; Richardson, D.E. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Inter-Ring Gas Pressures and Blowby in a Diesel Engine. SAE Tech. Pap. 1993. [CrossRef]Nikolakopoulos, P.G. Simulation of deposits effect on cylinder liner and influence on new and worn compression ring of a turbocharged DI engine. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 2021, 106, 102195. [CrossRef]Delprete, C.; Selmani, E.; Bisha, A. Gas escape to crankcase: Impact of system parameters on sealing behavior of a piston cylinder ring pack. Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng. 2019, 10, 207–220. [CrossRef]Selmani, E.; Bisha, A. Engine Speed and Load on the Sealing Capacity of a Piston Ring-Pack. Eur. J. Eng. Res. Sci. 2020, 5, 304–313. [CrossRef]Cheng, C.; Schock, H.; Richardson, D. The dynamics of second ring flutter and collapse in modern diesel engines. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 2015, 137. [CrossRef]Tian, T. Dynamic behaviours of piston rings and their practical impact. Part 1: Ring flutter and ring collapse and their effects on gas flow and oil transport. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol. 2002, 216, 209–228. [CrossRef]Kurbet, S.N.; Kumar, R.K. A finite element study of piston tilt effects on piston ring dynamics in internal combustion engines. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part K J. Multi-Body Dyn. 2004, 218, 107–117. [CrossRef]http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALlubricants-09-00025-v2.pdflubricants-09-00025-v2.pdfapplication/pdf7918099https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/1134/1/lubricants-09-00025-v2.pdf8a4705111452ee10c852af169b3aff2aMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8914https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/1134/2/license_rdf24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81306https://repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12834/1134/3/license.txt67e239713705720ef0b79c50b2ececcaMD5320.500.12834/1134oai:repositorio.uniatlantico.edu.co:20.500.12834/11342022-12-17 13:40:14.521DSpace de la Universidad de Atlánticosysadmin@mail.uniatlantico.edu.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

Influence of Compression Rings on the Dynamic Characteristics and Sealing Capacity of the Combustion Chamber in Diesel Engines

Publicaciones similares