Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia

This article highlights a nefarious effect of elections during civil wars by demonstrating that they can facilitate the displacement of civilians. This occurs through two main mechanisms: they reveal information about civilians' loyalties directly to armed groups; and they threaten the status q...

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Autores:
Steele, Abbey
Tipo de recurso:
Work document
Fecha de publicación:
2011
Institución:
Universidad de los Andes
Repositorio:
Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/8250
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/1992/8250
Palabra clave:
Displacement
Violence
Internal conflict
Colombia
Urabá
Desplazamiento forzado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia)
Conflicto armado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia
Antioquia (Colombia) - Condiciones sociales
D74, D72, R23
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
dc.title.alternative.none.fl_str_mv La elección del desplazamiento: la limpieza política en Apartadó, Colombia
title Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
spellingShingle Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
Displacement
Violence
Internal conflict
Colombia
Urabá
Desplazamiento forzado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia)
Conflicto armado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia
Antioquia (Colombia) - Condiciones sociales
D74, D72, R23
title_short Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
title_full Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
title_fullStr Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
title_sort Electing displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Steele, Abbey
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Steele, Abbey
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Displacement
Violence
Internal conflict
Colombia
Urabá
topic Displacement
Violence
Internal conflict
Colombia
Urabá
Desplazamiento forzado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia)
Conflicto armado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia
Antioquia (Colombia) - Condiciones sociales
D74, D72, R23
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv Desplazamiento forzado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia)
Conflicto armado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia
Antioquia (Colombia) - Condiciones sociales
dc.subject.jel.none.fl_str_mv D74, D72, R23
description This article highlights a nefarious effect of elections during civil wars by demonstrating that they can facilitate the displacement of civilians. This occurs through two main mechanisms: they reveal information about civilians' loyalties directly to armed groups; and they threaten the status quo of local elites' power, motivating them to ally with outside armed groups in order to regain it. Armed groups strategically displace civilians identified as "disloyal" in order to gain control over a territory. I test implications of the argument with original, micro-level quantitative and qualitative data from northwest Colombia. Using voter censuses and disaggregated electoral returns from 1991-1998, I show that residents in urban neighborhoods that supported the insurgent-backed political party, the Patriotic Union (UP), were more likely to leave the city of Apartadó than neighbors in other districts. However, residents of the nearby rural communities that supported the UP were the least likely to leave. I trace the patterns of violence across the communities using local archival materials and interviews to assess how well the argument accounts for the variation observed, and to explore the unexpected outcome in the rural area. While I find that counterinsurgents attempted strategic displacement in both the city and the mountains, they only succeeded in the urban areas because residents of the rural hamlets were uniquely able to overcome the collective action problem that strategic displacement generates. The findings demonstrate that that political identities are relevant for patterns of violence, and that political cleansing resembles ethnic cleansing.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2011
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2018-09-27T16:51:35Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2018-09-27T16:51:35Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Documento de trabajo
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dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.57784/1992/8250
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad de los Andes
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url http://hdl.handle.net/1992/8250
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.none.fl_str_mv Documentos CEDE No. 18 Mayo de 2011
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dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 33 páginas
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE
institution Universidad de los Andes
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spelling Al consultar y hacer uso de este recurso, está aceptando las condiciones de uso establecidas por los autores.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Steele, Abbeyaa703cd9-9c82-40ae-882f-64ca86dc264b6002018-09-27T16:51:35Z2018-09-27T16:51:35Z20111657-5334http://hdl.handle.net/1992/82501657-719110.57784/1992/8250instname:Universidad de los Andesreponame:Repositorio Institucional Sénecarepourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/This article highlights a nefarious effect of elections during civil wars by demonstrating that they can facilitate the displacement of civilians. This occurs through two main mechanisms: they reveal information about civilians' loyalties directly to armed groups; and they threaten the status quo of local elites' power, motivating them to ally with outside armed groups in order to regain it. Armed groups strategically displace civilians identified as "disloyal" in order to gain control over a territory. I test implications of the argument with original, micro-level quantitative and qualitative data from northwest Colombia. Using voter censuses and disaggregated electoral returns from 1991-1998, I show that residents in urban neighborhoods that supported the insurgent-backed political party, the Patriotic Union (UP), were more likely to leave the city of Apartadó than neighbors in other districts. However, residents of the nearby rural communities that supported the UP were the least likely to leave. I trace the patterns of violence across the communities using local archival materials and interviews to assess how well the argument accounts for the variation observed, and to explore the unexpected outcome in the rural area. While I find that counterinsurgents attempted strategic displacement in both the city and the mountains, they only succeeded in the urban areas because residents of the rural hamlets were uniquely able to overcome the collective action problem that strategic displacement generates. The findings demonstrate that that political identities are relevant for patterns of violence, and that political cleansing resembles ethnic cleansing.Este artículo muestra un nefasto efecto de las elecciones durante las guerras civiles, ya que las contiendas por el poder local pueden generan grandes desplazamientos de civiles. Las elecciones generan desplazamiento forzoso de civiles a través de dos mecanismos. Primero, las elecciones revelan información acerca de las lealtades civiles a los grupos armados, que los permiten expulsar a los civiles señalada como "desleal" para ganar el control de territorios. Segundo, las elecciones amenazan el status que de poder de élites locales. Esto motiva a las élites de poder local a buscar alianzas con grupos armados para mantenerse en el poder, expulsando a la gente no simpatizante. El artículo presenta un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las implicaciones de este argumento utilizando una base de datos novedosa de censos de votantes, y resultados electorales en Apartadó Colombia para los periodos de elecciones locales de 1991-1998. Los resultados demuestran que habitantes de barrios urbanos de Apartadó que apoyaron a la Unión Patriótica (UP) durante la elección del congreso de 1991, tenían mayor probabilidad desplazarse que sus vecinos de otras identidades políticas. De la misma manera, habitantes de las veredas rurales del corregimiento de San José de Apartadó que apoyaron a la UP tenían una menor probabilidad de ser desplazados. Utilizando datos de los archivos municipales y entrevistas con civiles, oficiales locales, y excombatientes, este artículo encuentra evidencia que puede explicar la variación dentro del municipio. Los paramilitares intentaban desplazar tanto a grupos de civiles que apoyan a la UP en la ciudad como en el campo, sin embargo, solo eran exitosos en los barrios urbanos dado que habitantes de veredas rurales pudieron superar el problema de acción colectiva de manera más exitosa. Los resultados demuestran que las identidades políticas y las elecciones están correlacionados con los patrones de violencia y el desplazamiento. De la misma manera, este artículo demuestra que los patrones y mecanismos utilizados en procesos de limpieza política se asemejan a los mecanismos utilizados en otras guerras civiles donde se realiza limpieza étnica.33 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDEDocumentos CEDE No. 18 Mayo de 2011https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000089/008747.htmlElecting displacement: political cleansing in Apartadó, ColombiaLa elección del desplazamiento: la limpieza política en Apartadó, ColombiaDocumento de trabajoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaperhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Texthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WPDisplacementViolenceInternal conflictColombiaUrabáDesplazamiento forzado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (Colombia)Conflicto armado - Investigaciones - Antioquia (ColombiaAntioquia (Colombia) - Condiciones socialesD74, D72, R23Facultad de EconomíaPublicationTEXTdcede2011-18.pdf.txtdcede2011-18.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain70032https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/ff45038d-0ae9-45e5-8daf-d98ddefc9e4e/download6f1ecfa0a6aeec634be80f2a91fb47dcMD55ORIGINALdcede2011-18.pdfdcede2011-18.pdfapplication/pdf1929174https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/d44b13b8-1dad-4726-bb02-2939a933b74c/downloadc16e107293cef383d806b9379d0587b7MD51THUMBNAILdcede2011-18.pdf.jpgdcede2011-18.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3096https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/c4cc7f3b-6789-4e20-ad81-5360fede49e1/download0a89aa746fbd4216fbfdf790df1283dbMD561992/8250oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/82502024-06-04 15:27:59.741http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.uniandes.edu.coRepositorio institucional Sénecaadminrepositorio@uniandes.edu.co