Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes
Formato Paper
- Autores:
-
Mosquera Morales, Jaime Andrés
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad de los Andes
- Repositorio:
- Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/64628
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/1992/64628
- Palabra clave:
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Stiffness
Pipe Stiffness
Ring Stiffness
Inner Diameter
Vertical deflection
Moment of Inertia
Young's Modulus
Ingeniería
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
| id |
UNIANDES2_c6ba9bff8b1d6dff715c906e57844ed5 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/64628 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNIANDES2 |
| network_name_str |
Séneca: repositorio Uniandes |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes |
| dc.title.alternative.none.fl_str_mv |
Caracterización y evaluación de propiedades mecánicas en tuberías de PVC de doble pared para redes de alcantarillado |
| title |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes |
| spellingShingle |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Stiffness Pipe Stiffness Ring Stiffness Inner Diameter Vertical deflection Moment of Inertia Young's Modulus Ingeniería |
| title_short |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes |
| title_full |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes |
| title_fullStr |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes |
| title_sort |
Characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Mosquera Morales, Jaime Andrés |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Calvo Uribe, Andrés Felipe Saldarriaga Valderrama, Juan Guillermo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Mosquera Morales, Jaime Andrés |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
CIACUA & CIMOC |
| dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv |
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Stiffness Pipe Stiffness Ring Stiffness Inner Diameter Vertical deflection Moment of Inertia Young's Modulus |
| topic |
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Stiffness Pipe Stiffness Ring Stiffness Inner Diameter Vertical deflection Moment of Inertia Young's Modulus Ingeniería |
| dc.subject.themes.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería |
| description |
Formato Paper |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-03T18:31:58Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-03T18:31:58Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-27 |
| dc.type.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
| dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.content.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1992/64628 |
| dc.identifier.instname.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad de los Andes |
| dc.identifier.reponame.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Séneca |
| dc.identifier.repourl.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/ |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1992/64628 |
| identifier_str_mv |
instname:Universidad de los Andes reponame:Repositorio Institucional Séneca repourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
1. Quesada, G. (2019)., Modelado viscoelástico del PVC para análisis de formado en caliente de tuberías (campaneo). Revista Tecnología En Marcha, 14(5), Pág. 10-16. 2. PAVCO WAVIN. (2020). Manual Técnico Tubo sistemas para alcantarillado Novafort y Novaloc (2ª ed). 3. Sistema de tuberías. (2005). Estudio comparativo entre los diferentes tipos de tuberías plásticas corrugadas de doble pared. 4. Silva, E. & Vega, R., Análisis del comportamiento de las tuberías plásticas para saneamiento sin presión enterradas, Grupo Plomyplas, Madrid, España. 5. Chaallal, O., Arockiasamy, M., & Godat, A., (2013). Laboratory Tests to Evaluate Mechanical Properties and Performance of Various Flexible Pipes. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 6. Chaallal, O., Arockiasamy, M., & Godat, A. (2015). Field test performance of buried flexible pipes under live truck loads. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 7. Yoo, D., Jang, B., & Yim, K. Nonlinear finite element analysis of failure modes and ultimate strength of flexible pipes. Science Direct, Vol (54) (2017) Pg 50-72. 8. Park, Joon-Seok & Hong, Won-Hee & Lee, Wan & Park, Jung-Hwan & Yoon, Soon. (2014). Pipe Stiffness Prediction of Buried Gfrp Flexible Pipe. Polymers and Polymer Composites. 22. 17-24. 9. Fang, Hao & Tan, Chunqing & Yanhua, Du & Li, Yin-Sheng & Yang, Hongjian & Zhang, Yiyi. (2020). Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Traffic Load on the Mechanical Characteristics of HDPE Double-Wall Corrugated Pipe. Applied Sciences. 10. ASTM F2648/F2648M-22, Standard Specification for 50 mm to 1500 mm [2 in. to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Land Drainage Applications, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2022). 11. ASTM F794-21, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2021). 12. ASTM D2412-21, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2021). 13. ASTM D2122-16, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2016). 14. UNE-EN ISO 9969 Tubos de materiales termoplásticos - Determinación de la rigidez anular, (2008). 15. Unibell Handbook Pipes. Chapter 7 Design of Buried PVC Pipe. Recommendations, Relationships, and Data Essential to Proper Design of Underground PVC Pipe Systems, (2001). 16. AutoCAD. (2021). (N° de versión R.47.0.0). (2022). Windows. San Rafael, California, USA: Autodesk. 17. Inventor. (2021). (N° de versión 20.19.15.4364). (2022). Windows. San Rafael, California, USA: Autodesk. 18. Ansys Mechanical. (2022). (N° de versión Ansys Student). (2022 R2). Windows. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Ansys. 19. Vahidi, Ehsan., Jin, Enze., Das, Maithilee., Singh, Mansukh & Zhao, Fu. (2016). Environmental life cycle analysis of pipe materials for sewer systems. Science Direct, Elsevier. 20. Unidad 15. Materiales Poliméricos y Compuestos. Curso de fundamentos de ciencia de materiales. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. 21. Young Modulus - Platic & Elastomers. Omnexus. SpecialChem 2023. |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
9 paginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de los Andes |
| dc.publisher.program.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Civil |
| dc.publisher.faculty.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Ingeniería |
| dc.publisher.department.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental |
| institution |
Universidad de los Andes |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/38fda77a-6e17-4e87-a345-7e697e0ca2e9/download https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/605bbd1e-eb7d-4b94-8d1a-9fcf5b8fe3f0/download https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/aaad1455-1ee7-49b4-8d27-bbdc7316d873/download https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/ccb866d4-8dab-4054-bf56-015b97825d67/download https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/0bc09c15-615a-4c78-ae07-7f0f78e68c01/download https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/d82b6f82-6132-4956-8d51-bf07d60b8d24/download https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/da41738f-42f0-4d93-809b-70855ea1418a/download https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/212bf9e7-395f-4023-911a-11a5c7c47aca/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
45636df80d505aaeaa672f8e50f26601 75fd0d9f6799e853858d352bd3cca3ba 5aa5c691a1ffe97abd12c2966efcb8d6 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 26672da4ac05f1bb0494bc5d7f1ae5aa bc6c7bc38f42a4db1f1670499cbf8cfb 882eef7d8dfed59814680743e8df7b09 8f4d7844c7a1616192c18a4affb7ce68 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio institucional Séneca |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
adminrepositorio@uniandes.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1812133849510969344 |
| spelling |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Calvo Uribe, Andrés Felipeab7aff95-2a4b-4bf5-b2de-f16612bb38a8600Saldarriaga Valderrama, Juan Guillermovirtual::3490-1Mosquera Morales, Jaime Andrés777696d2-14a9-41d5-8df9-d356939fd008600CIACUA & CIMOC2023-02-03T18:31:58Z2023-02-03T18:31:58Z2023-01-27http://hdl.handle.net/1992/64628instname:Universidad de los Andesreponame:Repositorio Institucional Sénecarepourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/Formato PaperIn this paper, the results of an investigation about mechanical compression testing applied on double-wall PVC pipes buried underground is presented. For this testing we used commercial flexible pipes of the supplier PAVCO. This company is in charge of producing pipes and unions used in urban infrastructure on several countries of America. This study presents the behavior of mechanical and structural properties such as displacements and different types of stiffness for a specific deflection on the inter diameter of the pipe, based on experimental and computational models. The stiffness of pipes is typically researched for analysis and design with help theoretical methods, finite element software's and parallel plate loading test. The results of this paper were elaborated in a theoretical, experimental and computational way.Ingeniero CivilPregradoMecánica de materiales en tuberías plásticas9 paginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de los AndesIngeniería CivilFacultad de IngenieríaDepartamento de Ingeniería Civil y AmbientalCharacterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipesCaracterización y evaluación de propiedades mecánicas en tuberías de PVC de doble pared para redes de alcantarilladoTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC)StiffnessPipe StiffnessRing StiffnessInner DiameterVertical deflectionMoment of InertiaYoung's ModulusIngeniería1. Quesada, G. (2019)., Modelado viscoelástico del PVC para análisis de formado en caliente de tuberías (campaneo). Revista Tecnología En Marcha, 14(5), Pág. 10-16.2. PAVCO WAVIN. (2020). Manual Técnico Tubo sistemas para alcantarillado Novafort y Novaloc (2ª ed).3. Sistema de tuberías. (2005). Estudio comparativo entre los diferentes tipos de tuberías plásticas corrugadas de doble pared.4. Silva, E. & Vega, R., Análisis del comportamiento de las tuberías plásticas para saneamiento sin presión enterradas, Grupo Plomyplas, Madrid, España.5. Chaallal, O., Arockiasamy, M., & Godat, A., (2013). Laboratory Tests to Evaluate Mechanical Properties and Performance of Various Flexible Pipes. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities.6. Chaallal, O., Arockiasamy, M., & Godat, A. (2015). Field test performance of buried flexible pipes under live truck loads. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities.7. Yoo, D., Jang, B., & Yim, K. Nonlinear finite element analysis of failure modes and ultimate strength of flexible pipes. Science Direct, Vol (54) (2017) Pg 50-72.8. Park, Joon-Seok & Hong, Won-Hee & Lee, Wan & Park, Jung-Hwan & Yoon, Soon. (2014). Pipe Stiffness Prediction of Buried Gfrp Flexible Pipe. Polymers and Polymer Composites. 22. 17-24.9. Fang, Hao & Tan, Chunqing & Yanhua, Du & Li, Yin-Sheng & Yang, Hongjian & Zhang, Yiyi. (2020). Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Traffic Load on the Mechanical Characteristics of HDPE Double-Wall Corrugated Pipe. Applied Sciences.10. ASTM F2648/F2648M-22, Standard Specification for 50 mm to 1500 mm [2 in. to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Land Drainage Applications, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2022).11. ASTM F794-21, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2021).12. ASTM D2412-21, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2021).13. ASTM D2122-16, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings, American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), (2016).14. UNE-EN ISO 9969 Tubos de materiales termoplásticos - Determinación de la rigidez anular, (2008).15. Unibell Handbook Pipes. Chapter 7 Design of Buried PVC Pipe. Recommendations, Relationships, and Data Essential to Proper Design of Underground PVC Pipe Systems, (2001).16. AutoCAD. (2021). (N° de versión R.47.0.0). (2022). Windows. San Rafael, California, USA: Autodesk.17. Inventor. (2021). (N° de versión 20.19.15.4364). (2022). Windows. San Rafael, California, USA: Autodesk.18. Ansys Mechanical. (2022). (N° de versión Ansys Student). (2022 R2). Windows. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Ansys.19. Vahidi, Ehsan., Jin, Enze., Das, Maithilee., Singh, Mansukh & Zhao, Fu. (2016). Environmental life cycle analysis of pipe materials for sewer systems. Science Direct, Elsevier.20. Unidad 15. Materiales Poliméricos y Compuestos. Curso de fundamentos de ciencia de materiales. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. 21. Young Modulus - Platic & Elastomers. Omnexus. SpecialChem 2023.201821537Publicationhttps://scholar.google.es/citations?user=Lz0SGpIAAAAJvirtual::3490-10000-0003-1265-2949virtual::3490-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000076848virtual::3490-1b405028a-b4ff-4b84-9e85-97a80148970evirtual::3490-1b405028a-b4ff-4b84-9e85-97a80148970evirtual::3490-1THUMBNAILCharacterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes.pdf.jpgCharacterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg22633https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/38fda77a-6e17-4e87-a345-7e697e0ca2e9/download45636df80d505aaeaa672f8e50f26601MD56Certificado Biblioteca_Actualizado.pdf.jpgCertificado Biblioteca_Actualizado.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg15903https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/605bbd1e-eb7d-4b94-8d1a-9fcf5b8fe3f0/download75fd0d9f6799e853858d352bd3cca3baMD58LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81810https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/aaad1455-1ee7-49b4-8d27-bbdc7316d873/download5aa5c691a1ffe97abd12c2966efcb8d6MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/ccb866d4-8dab-4054-bf56-015b97825d67/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52TEXTCharacterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes.pdf.txtCharacterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain24484https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/0bc09c15-615a-4c78-ae07-7f0f78e68c01/download26672da4ac05f1bb0494bc5d7f1ae5aaMD55Certificado Biblioteca_Actualizado.pdf.txtCertificado Biblioteca_Actualizado.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain40https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/d82b6f82-6132-4956-8d51-bf07d60b8d24/downloadbc6c7bc38f42a4db1f1670499cbf8cfbMD57ORIGINALCharacterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes.pdfCharacterization and evaluation of mechanical properties in double-wall PVC sewer pipes.pdfPaper - Trabajo de gradoapplication/pdf1206747https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/da41738f-42f0-4d93-809b-70855ea1418a/download882eef7d8dfed59814680743e8df7b09MD53Certificado Biblioteca_Actualizado.pdfCertificado Biblioteca_Actualizado.pdfHIDEapplication/pdf692516https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/212bf9e7-395f-4023-911a-11a5c7c47aca/download8f4d7844c7a1616192c18a4affb7ce68MD541992/64628oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/646282024-03-13 12:27:10.487http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.uniandes.edu.coRepositorio institucional Sénecaadminrepositorio@uniandes.edu.coWW8sIGVuIG1pIGNhbGlkYWQgZGUgYXV0b3IgZGVsIHRyYWJham8gZGUgdGVzaXMsIG1vbm9ncmFmw61hIG8gdHJhYmFqbyBkZSBncmFkbywgaGFnbyBlbnRyZWdhIGRlbCBlamVtcGxhciByZXNwZWN0aXZvIHkgZGUgc3VzIGFuZXhvcyBkZSBzZXIgZWwgY2FzbywgZW4gZm9ybWF0byBkaWdpdGFsIHkvbyBlbGVjdHLDs25pY28geSBhdXRvcml6byBhIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIGRlIGxvcyBBbmRlcyBwYXJhIHF1ZSByZWFsaWNlIGxhIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbiBlbiBlbCBTaXN0ZW1hIGRlIEJpYmxpb3RlY2FzIG8gZW4gY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gc2lzdGVtYSBvIGJhc2UgZGUgZGF0b3MgcHJvcGlvIG8gYWplbm8gYSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCB5IHBhcmEgcXVlIGVuIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3MgZXN0YWJsZWNpZG9zIGVuIGxhIExleSAyMyBkZSAxOTgyLCBMZXkgNDQgZGUgMTk5MywgRGVjaXNpw7NuIEFuZGluYSAzNTEgZGUgMTk5MywgRGVjcmV0byA0NjAgZGUgMTk5NSB5IGRlbcOhcyBub3JtYXMgZ2VuZXJhbGVzIHNvYnJlIGxhIG1hdGVyaWEsIHV0aWxpY2UgZW4gdG9kYXMgc3VzIGZvcm1hcywgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIHBhdHJpbW9uaWFsZXMgZGUgcmVwcm9kdWNjacOzbiwgY29tdW5pY2FjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSwgdHJhbnNmb3JtYWNpw7NuIHkgZGlzdHJpYnVjacOzbiAoYWxxdWlsZXIsIHByw6lzdGFtbyBww7pibGljbyBlIGltcG9ydGFjacOzbikgcXVlIG1lIGNvcnJlc3BvbmRlbiBjb21vIGNyZWFkb3IgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBvYmpldG8gZGVsIHByZXNlbnRlIGRvY3VtZW50by4gIAoKCkxhIHByZXNlbnRlIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24gc2UgZW1pdGUgZW4gY2FsaWRhZCBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIG9iamV0byBkZWwgcHJlc2VudGUgZG9jdW1lbnRvIHkgbm8gY29ycmVzcG9uZGUgYSBjZXNpw7NuIGRlIGRlcmVjaG9zLCBzaW5vIGEgbGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBkZSB1c28gYWNhZMOpbWljbyBkZSBjb25mb3JtaWRhZCBjb24gbG8gYW50ZXJpb3JtZW50ZSBzZcOxYWxhZG8uIExhIHByZXNlbnRlIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24gc2UgaGFjZSBleHRlbnNpdmEgbm8gc29sbyBhIGxhcyBmYWN1bHRhZGVzIHkgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgdXNvIHNvYnJlIGxhIG9icmEgZW4gZm9ybWF0byBvIHNvcG9ydGUgbWF0ZXJpYWwsIHNpbm8gdGFtYmnDqW4gcGFyYSBmb3JtYXRvIGVsZWN0csOzbmljbywgeSBlbiBnZW5lcmFsIHBhcmEgY3VhbHF1aWVyIGZvcm1hdG8gY29ub2NpZG8gbyBwb3IgY29ub2Nlci4gCgoKRWwgYXV0b3IsIG1hbmlmaWVzdGEgcXVlIGxhIG9icmEgb2JqZXRvIGRlIGxhIHByZXNlbnRlIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24gZXMgb3JpZ2luYWwgeSBsYSByZWFsaXrDsyBzaW4gdmlvbGFyIG8gdXN1cnBhciBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSB0ZXJjZXJvcywgcG9yIGxvIHRhbnRvLCBsYSBvYnJhIGVzIGRlIHN1IGV4Y2x1c2l2YSBhdXRvcsOtYSB5IHRpZW5lIGxhIHRpdHVsYXJpZGFkIHNvYnJlIGxhIG1pc21hLiAKCgpFbiBjYXNvIGRlIHByZXNlbnRhcnNlIGN1YWxxdWllciByZWNsYW1hY2nDs24gbyBhY2Npw7NuIHBvciBwYXJ0ZSBkZSB1biB0ZXJjZXJvIGVuIGN1YW50byBhIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBzb2JyZSBsYSBvYnJhIGVuIGN1ZXN0acOzbiwgZWwgYXV0b3IgYXN1bWlyw6EgdG9kYSBsYSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWQsIHkgc2FsZHLDoSBkZSBkZWZlbnNhIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBhcXXDrSBhdXRvcml6YWRvcywgcGFyYSB0b2RvcyBsb3MgZWZlY3RvcyBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBhY3TDumEgY29tbyB1biB0ZXJjZXJvIGRlIGJ1ZW5hIGZlLiAKCg== |