Crimen politizado: un análisis cualitativo comparado sobre las causas de politización de grupos criminales en América Latina

Several authors coincide in affirming that in some scenarios of armed conflict, insurgent or paramilitary groups are criminalized when they interfere in illegal markets to sustain their political aspirations. Nevertheless, armed organizations are not only criminalized, but it is possible that they also politicize; that is to say, despite having apparently emerged with criminal pretensions, with time they acquire a discourse with which they justify their violent actions. This thesis studies this process of politicization in order to understand why some transnational organized crime groups initiate this process. The term politicized armed groups (PAG) is proposed to refer to those organizations that culminate that process. In order to understand the conditions for the politicization of the GAP, six actors of transnational organized crime in Latin America are compared: the Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia (AGC, or Gulf Clan, as they are called by the Colombian government) and Los Rastrojos (in Colombia), the Militarized Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path MPC-SL- (in Peru), the Tren de Aragua (Venezuela), the Primeiro Comando da Capital (Brazil), and the Sinaloa Cartel (Mexico). Through a comparative qualitative analysis (QCA), five variables were considered that the literature has potentially related to this process: i) state capacity, ii) role in the drug trafficking production chain, iii) armed competition, iv) securitization and v) trajectory of criminal leaderships. The results allow one to state that the politicization of a criminal organization is more likely when, on the one hand, the State in which it operates has securitized the fight against organized crime. In addition to this, if the organization's leaders have previously been politically trained, politicization will be more likely because the expertise exists to develop that discursive strategy.

• Autores: Badillo Sarmiento, Reynell Alberto
• Fecha de publicación: 2020
• Institución: Universidad de los Andes
• Repositorio: Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
• Idioma: spa
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/50843
• Acceso en línea: http://hdl.handle.net/1992/50843
• Palabra clave: Crimen organizado; Ideología (Ciencias políticas); Guerrillas; Autodefensas; Ciencia Política
• Rights: openAccess
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/