Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet

This dissertation presents a phenomenological study of vector leptoquark production under LHC conditions. The study considered a spin-1 leptoquark of charge +2/3 e coupling mainly to third-generation fermions. This choice is motivated by models that can explain the recently observed anomalies in B-m...

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Autores:
Dorado Toro, Daniel Fernando
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad de los Andes
Repositorio:
Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/69121
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/1992/69121
Palabra clave:
Large Hadron Collider
CMS
Leptoquarks
High energy physics
Física de altas energías
Fenomenología
Física
Rights
openAccess
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
id UNIANDES2_194bd7052dc639540e8f60535ff1e1dc
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/69121
network_acronym_str UNIANDES2
network_name_str Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
dc.title.alternative.none.fl_str_mv Producción de leptoquarks vectoriales en el LHC en asociación con un jet
title Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
spellingShingle Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
Large Hadron Collider
CMS
Leptoquarks
High energy physics
Física de altas energías
Fenomenología
Física
title_short Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
title_full Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
title_fullStr Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
title_full_unstemmed Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
title_sort Production of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jet
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Dorado Toro, Daniel Fernando
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Flórez Bustos, Carlos Andrés
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Dorado Toro, Daniel Fernando
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Ávila Bernal, Carlos Arturo
dc.contributor.researchgroup.es_CO.fl_str_mv Grupo de Fisica de Altas energias de la Universidad de los Andes
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Large Hadron Collider
CMS
Leptoquarks
High energy physics
Física de altas energías
Fenomenología
topic Large Hadron Collider
CMS
Leptoquarks
High energy physics
Física de altas energías
Fenomenología
Física
dc.subject.themes.es_CO.fl_str_mv Física
description This dissertation presents a phenomenological study of vector leptoquark production under LHC conditions. The study considered a spin-1 leptoquark of charge +2/3 e coupling mainly to third-generation fermions. This choice is motivated by models that can explain the recently observed anomalies in B-meson decays. This work was carried out with high regard for constraints imposed by available low-energy observables. Using these constraints, signals for leptoquark production in association with a jet were simulated and events presenting a VBF-like process were selected. Background processes were also generated and their kinematic and topological distributions were compared to the signal samples. A logistic regression algorithm was trained and tested for classifying events as signal or background. With the classification by the algorithm, the search at the LHC for vector leptoquarks is feasible for leptoquark masses between 0.5 and 1.5 TeV and at high luminosities (between 1500 and 3000 fb^{-1}).
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-08
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-02T22:11:50Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-02T22:11:50Z
dc.type.es_CO.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.content.es_CO.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/1992/69121
dc.identifier.instname.es_CO.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad de los Andes
dc.identifier.reponame.es_CO.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Séneca
dc.identifier.repourl.es_CO.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/
url http://hdl.handle.net/1992/69121
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad de los Andes
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Séneca
repourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.es_CO.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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Q. R. Ahmad, R. C. Allen, T. C. Andersen, J. D.Anglin, J. C. Barton, E. W. Beier, M. Bercovitch, J. Bigu, S. D. Biller, R. A. Black, and et al., «Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory», Physical Review Letters 89, 10.1103/physrevlett.89.011301 (2002).
K. Eguchi, S. Enomoto, K. Furuno, J. Goldman, H. Hanada, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Inoue, K. Ishihara, W. Itoh, and et al., «First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Antineutrino Disappear- ance», Physical Review Letters 90, 10.1103/physrevlett.90.021802 (2003).
J. F. Donoghue, «The effective field theory treatment of quantum gravity», in (2012), pp. 73-94.
S. Dodelson and L. M. Widrow, «Sterile neutrinos as dark matter», en, Physical Review Letters 72, 17-20 (1994).
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LHCb Collaboration, «Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions B(Bc+ J/¿¿+¿¿ )/B(Bc+ ¿ J/¿¿+¿¿)», Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 121801 (2018).
R. Alonso, B. Grinstein, and J. M. Camalich, «Lepton universality violation with lepton flavor conser- vation in B-meson decays», Journal of High Energy Physics 2015, 184 (2015).
S. Fajfer and N. Konik, «Vector leptoquark resolution of RK and RD() puzzles», Physics Letters B 755, 270-274 (2016).
N. Assad, B. Fornal, and B. Grinstein, «Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models», Physics Letters B 777, 324-331 (2018).
M. Blanke and A. Crivellin, «B Meson Anomalies in a Pati-Salam Model within the Randall-Sundrum Background», Physical Review Letters 121, 011801 (2018).
R. Barbieri and A. Tesi, «B-decay anomalies in PatiSalam SU(4)», en, The European Physical Journal C 78, 193 (2018).
L. Calibbi, A. Crivellin, and T. Li, «Model of vector leptoquarks in view of the B-physics anomalies», Physical Review D 98, 115002 (2018).
L. Di Luzio, A. Greljo, and M. Nardecchia, «Gauge leptoquark as the origin of B-physics anomalies», Physical Review D 96, 115011 (2017).
B. Bhattacharya, A. Datta, J.-P. Guévin, D. London, and R. Watanabe, «Simultaneous explanation of the RK and RD puzzles: a model analysis», Journal of High Energy Physics 2017, 15 (2017).
J. Alwall, R. Frederix, S. Frixione, V. Hirschi, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer, H.-S. Shao, T. Stelzer, P. Torrielli, and M. Zaro, «The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations», Journal of High Energy Physics 2014, 10.1007/jhep07(2014)079 (2014).
J. Alwall, M. Herquet, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer, and T. Stelzer, «MadGraph 5: going beyond», Journal of High Energy Physics 2011, 10.1007/jhep06(2011)128 (2011).
F. Maltoni and T. Stelzer, «MadEvent: automatic event generation with MadGraph», Journal of High Energy Physics 2003, 027-027 (2003).
T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Skands, «PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual», Journal of High Energy Physics 2006, 026-026 (2006).
J. de Favereau, C. Delaere, P. Demin, A. Giammanco, V. Lemaître, A. Mertens, M. Selvaggi, and The DELPHES 3 collaboration, «DELPHES 3: a modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment», Journal of High Energy Physics 2014, 57 (2014).
D. Raviv, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, «Full and partial symmetries of non-rigid shapes», International Journal of Computer Vision 89, 18-39 (2010).
L. W. Tu, An Introduction to Manifolds, 2nd ed, Universitext (Springer, New York, 2011).
J. Schwichtenberg, Physics from Symmetry (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York, NY, 2017).
D. Goldberg, The standard model in a nutshell, In a nutshell (Princeton University Press, Princeton ; Oxford, 2017).
B. C. Hall, Lie groups, Lie algebras, and Representations: An Elementary Introduction, Second edition, Graduate texts in mathematics 222, OCLC: ocn910324548 (Springer, Cham ; New York, 2015).
D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Fourth edition (Cambridge University Press, Cam- bridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, 2018).
M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, English, 1st (CRC Press, 1995).
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B. Bhattacharya, A. Datta, D. London, and S. Shivashankara, «Simultaneous explanation of the RK and R(D()) puzzles», Physics Letters B 742, 370-374 (2015).
L. Di Luzio, J. Fuentes-Martin, A. Greljo, M. Nardecchia, and S. Renner, «Maximal flavour violation: a Cabibbo mechanism for leptoquarks», Journal of High Energy Physics 2018, 81 (2018).
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dc.publisher.es_CO.fl_str_mv Universidad de los Andes
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spelling Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Flórez Bustos, Carlos Andrésvirtual::12882-1Dorado Toro, Daniel Fernandofedb70f0-3ccf-48f7-92c8-02ed2cd3377a600Ávila Bernal, Carlos ArturoGrupo de Fisica de Altas energias de la Universidad de los Andes2023-08-02T22:11:50Z2023-08-02T22:11:50Z2022-06-08http://hdl.handle.net/1992/69121instname:Universidad de los Andesreponame:Repositorio Institucional Sénecarepourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/This dissertation presents a phenomenological study of vector leptoquark production under LHC conditions. The study considered a spin-1 leptoquark of charge +2/3 e coupling mainly to third-generation fermions. This choice is motivated by models that can explain the recently observed anomalies in B-meson decays. This work was carried out with high regard for constraints imposed by available low-energy observables. Using these constraints, signals for leptoquark production in association with a jet were simulated and events presenting a VBF-like process were selected. Background processes were also generated and their kinematic and topological distributions were compared to the signal samples. A logistic regression algorithm was trained and tested for classifying events as signal or background. With the classification by the algorithm, the search at the LHC for vector leptoquarks is feasible for leptoquark masses between 0.5 and 1.5 TeV and at high luminosities (between 1500 and 3000 fb^{-1}).Esta tesis presenta un estudio fenomenológico de la producción de leptoquarks vectoriales en condiciones del LHC. El estudio considera un leptoquark de espín 1 de carga +2/3 e acoplado principalmente a fermiones de tercera generación. Esta elección está motivada por modelos que pueden explicar las anomalías recientemente observadas en las desintegraciones de mesones B. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo teniendo en cuenta las restricciones impuestas por los observables de baja energía disponibles. Utilizando estas restricciones, se simularon señales de producción de leptoquarks en asociación con un jet y se seleccionaron eventos que presentaban un proceso similar al de fusión de bosones vectoriales. También se generaron procesos de fondo y sus distribuciones cinemáticas y topológicas se compararon con las señales. Se entrenó y probó un algoritmo de regresión logística para clasificar los eventos como señal o ruido. Con la clasificación dada por el algoritmo, la búsqueda de leptoquarks vectoriales en el LHC es factible para masas entre 0.5 y 1.5 TeV y para altas luminosidades (entre 1500 y 3000 fb^{-1}).FísicoPregradoFenomenología58 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de los AndesFísicaFacultad de CienciasDepartamento de FísicaProduction of vector leptoquarks at the LHC in association with a jetProducción de leptoquarks vectoriales en el LHC en asociación con un jetTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPLarge Hadron ColliderCMSLeptoquarksHigh energy physicsFísica de altas energíasFenomenologíaFísicaS. Weinberg, «The Search for Unity: Notes for a History of Quantum Field Theory», Daedalus 106, 17-35 (1977).G. L. Kane, Modern elementary particle physics (Addison Wesley, Advanced Book Program, Redwood City, Calif, 1987).R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovi, «Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Nonconservation», en, Physical Review Letters 44, 912-915 (1980).Y. Fukuda, T. Hayakawa, E. Ichihara, K. Inoue, K. Ishihara, H. Ishino, Y. Itow, T. Kajita, J. Kameda, S. Kasuga, and et al., «Measurement of the Flux and Zenith-Angle Distribution of Upward Through- going Muons by Super-Kamiokande», Physical Review Letters 82, 2644-2648 (1999).Q. R. Ahmad, R. C. Allen, T. C. Andersen, J. D.Anglin, J. C. Barton, E. W. Beier, M. Bercovitch, J. Bigu, S. D. Biller, R. A. Black, and et al., «Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory», Physical Review Letters 89, 10.1103/physrevlett.89.011301 (2002).K. Eguchi, S. Enomoto, K. Furuno, J. Goldman, H. Hanada, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Inoue, K. Ishihara, W. Itoh, and et al., «First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Antineutrino Disappear- ance», Physical Review Letters 90, 10.1103/physrevlett.90.021802 (2003).J. F. Donoghue, «The effective field theory treatment of quantum gravity», in (2012), pp. 73-94.S. Dodelson and L. M. Widrow, «Sterile neutrinos as dark matter», en, Physical Review Letters 72, 17-20 (1994).LHCb Collaboration, Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, 2021.LHCb Collaboration, «Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions B(Bc+ J/¿¿+¿¿ )/B(Bc+ ¿ J/¿¿+¿¿)», Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 121801 (2018).R. Alonso, B. Grinstein, and J. M. Camalich, «Lepton universality violation with lepton flavor conser- vation in B-meson decays», Journal of High Energy Physics 2015, 184 (2015).S. Fajfer and N. Konik, «Vector leptoquark resolution of RK and RD() puzzles», Physics Letters B 755, 270-274 (2016).N. Assad, B. Fornal, and B. Grinstein, «Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models», Physics Letters B 777, 324-331 (2018).M. Blanke and A. Crivellin, «B Meson Anomalies in a Pati-Salam Model within the Randall-Sundrum Background», Physical Review Letters 121, 011801 (2018).R. Barbieri and A. Tesi, «B-decay anomalies in PatiSalam SU(4)», en, The European Physical Journal C 78, 193 (2018).L. Calibbi, A. Crivellin, and T. Li, «Model of vector leptoquarks in view of the B-physics anomalies», Physical Review D 98, 115002 (2018).L. Di Luzio, A. Greljo, and M. Nardecchia, «Gauge leptoquark as the origin of B-physics anomalies», Physical Review D 96, 115011 (2017).B. Bhattacharya, A. Datta, J.-P. Guévin, D. London, and R. Watanabe, «Simultaneous explanation of the RK and RD puzzles: a model analysis», Journal of High Energy Physics 2017, 15 (2017).J. Alwall, R. Frederix, S. Frixione, V. Hirschi, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer, H.-S. Shao, T. Stelzer, P. Torrielli, and M. Zaro, «The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations», Journal of High Energy Physics 2014, 10.1007/jhep07(2014)079 (2014).J. Alwall, M. Herquet, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer, and T. Stelzer, «MadGraph 5: going beyond», Journal of High Energy Physics 2011, 10.1007/jhep06(2011)128 (2011).F. Maltoni and T. Stelzer, «MadEvent: automatic event generation with MadGraph», Journal of High Energy Physics 2003, 027-027 (2003).T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Skands, «PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual», Journal of High Energy Physics 2006, 026-026 (2006).J. de Favereau, C. Delaere, P. Demin, A. Giammanco, V. Lemaître, A. Mertens, M. Selvaggi, and The DELPHES 3 collaboration, «DELPHES 3: a modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment», Journal of High Energy Physics 2014, 57 (2014).D. Raviv, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, «Full and partial symmetries of non-rigid shapes», International Journal of Computer Vision 89, 18-39 (2010).L. W. Tu, An Introduction to Manifolds, 2nd ed, Universitext (Springer, New York, 2011).J. Schwichtenberg, Physics from Symmetry (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York, NY, 2017).D. Goldberg, The standard model in a nutshell, In a nutshell (Princeton University Press, Princeton ; Oxford, 2017).B. C. Hall, Lie groups, Lie algebras, and Representations: An Elementary Introduction, Second edition, Graduate texts in mathematics 222, OCLC: ocn910324548 (Springer, Cham ; New York, 2015).D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Fourth edition (Cambridge University Press, Cam- bridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, 2018).M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, English, 1st (CRC Press, 1995).R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed (Plenum Press, New York, 1994).A. Lahiri and P. B. 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Dubourg, et al., «Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python», the Journal of Machine Learning Research 12, 2825-2830 (2011).201821010Publicationhttps://scholar.google.es/citations?user=SUG6ga0AAAAJvirtual::12882-10000-0002-3222-0249virtual::12882-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001541878virtual::12882-136748a10-0a15-454e-8153-6373f14be738virtual::12882-136748a10-0a15-454e-8153-6373f14be738virtual::12882-1THUMBNAILDanielDorado-ProyectoGrado.pdf.jpgDanielDorado-ProyectoGrado.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg10756https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/dd54bab2-6743-45ad-a594-f38c80cb7398/downloada76317929b1cc1723ad85d2a5264117eMD58autorizacion tesis física.pdf.jpgautorizacion tesis física.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg15749https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/edf2efe1-0d3a-4399-b9a0-e3fb7d058441/downloadaab59f26664782cd888cd4385cd04baaMD510LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81810https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/1b4458e6-5ace-4fe9-b1c0-a5e6056b7c3b/download5aa5c691a1ffe97abd12c2966efcb8d6MD54TEXTDanielDorado-ProyectoGrado.pdf.txtDanielDorado-ProyectoGrado.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain129196https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/a58c5a03-b8f5-4ca2-9fe6-ebbd6082622c/downloadbda7a6602c4e2848783d54ae3f87c517MD57autorizacion tesis física.pdf.txtautorizacion tesis física.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1161https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/2a51bf47-817a-4a43-b227-fdfce39efa8f/download08b106dfeb12472e88207a069e15ba30MD59CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/fb041c73-aa33-4358-a459-968ed36a39a9/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD55ORIGINALDanielDorado-ProyectoGrado.pdfDanielDorado-ProyectoGrado.pdfProyecto de grado en físicaapplication/pdf7551236https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/286d686e-bffd-412e-873e-7cb01e74c00a/download6f50dc04aa14612071d3b907bee16931MD53autorizacion tesis física.pdfautorizacion tesis física.pdfHIDEapplication/pdf369740https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/ecf32e8f-74ed-43fa-97f6-9b5f1387000d/downloaddb617482eeaa1ae8e4571c17bd857df4MD561992/69121oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/691212024-03-13 14:47:58.492http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.uniandes.edu.coRepositorio institucional Sénecaadminrepositorio@uniandes.edu.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