Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún

El presidente actual de Camerún, Paul Biya, ostenta el récord de líder nacional no-real en servicio más largo del mundo desde que asumió el cargo en 1982. A lo largo de los años, Camerún ha experimentado diversas transformaciones en su forma de gobierno, adaptándose a las necesidades y crisis de la...

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Autores:
Rangel Meza, Martha Catalina
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad de los Andes
Repositorio:
Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/69236
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/1992/69236
Palabra clave:
Resiliencia de régimen
Camerún
Paul Biya
Ciencia Política
Francia
Régimen autoritario
Democracia en África
Intervención francesa
Intervención militar
Intervención diplomática
Intervención económica
Ayuda oficial para el desarrollo
Sub-Imperialismo
Colonialismo
Ciencia Política
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openAccess
License
Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
dc.title.alternative.none.fl_str_mv Maintaining Power in Times of Crisis: The Role of France in the Resilience of Paul Biya's Authoritarian Regime in Cameroon
title Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
spellingShingle Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
Resiliencia de régimen
Camerún
Paul Biya
Ciencia Política
Francia
Régimen autoritario
Democracia en África
Intervención francesa
Intervención militar
Intervención diplomática
Intervención económica
Ayuda oficial para el desarrollo
Sub-Imperialismo
Colonialismo
Ciencia Política
title_short Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
title_full Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
title_fullStr Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
title_full_unstemmed Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
title_sort Manteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en Camerún
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Rangel Meza, Martha Catalina
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Melchiorre, Jonathan Luke
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Rangel Meza, Martha Catalina
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Mijares Chacón, Víctor Manuel
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Resiliencia de régimen
Camerún
Paul Biya
Ciencia Política
Francia
Régimen autoritario
Democracia en África
Intervención francesa
Intervención militar
Intervención diplomática
Intervención económica
Ayuda oficial para el desarrollo
Sub-Imperialismo
Colonialismo
topic Resiliencia de régimen
Camerún
Paul Biya
Ciencia Política
Francia
Régimen autoritario
Democracia en África
Intervención francesa
Intervención militar
Intervención diplomática
Intervención económica
Ayuda oficial para el desarrollo
Sub-Imperialismo
Colonialismo
Ciencia Política
dc.subject.themes.es_CO.fl_str_mv Ciencia Política
description El presidente actual de Camerún, Paul Biya, ostenta el récord de líder nacional no-real en servicio más largo del mundo desde que asumió el cargo en 1982. A lo largo de los años, Camerún ha experimentado diversas transformaciones en su forma de gobierno, adaptándose a las necesidades y crisis de la sociedad camerunesa. Sin embargo, Biya ha logrado mantener un control inalterado sobre el poder y su régimen ha demostrado una resiliencia extraordinaria. De acuerdo con lo anterior, este trabajo plantea que la injerencia de Francia como actor internacional ha desempeñado un papel significativo en la supervivencia del régimen de Paul Biya en Camerún, esencialmente durante momentos críticos. Contrario a las explicaciones convencionales, esta investigación argumenta que el apoyo diplomático, económico y militar proporcionado por Francia a finales del siglo XX fue esencial para garantizar la continuidad del régimen de Biya.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-04T15:58:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-04T15:58:01Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-31
dc.type.es_CO.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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dc.relation.references.es_CO.fl_str_mv Bader, Julia. "Propping up dictators? Economic cooperation from China and its impact on authoritarian persistence in party and non-party regimes." European Journal of Political Research 54, no. 4 (2015): 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12082.
Bourmaud, Daniel. "La Politique africaine de Jacques Chirac: les anciens contre les modernes." Modern and Contemporary France, NS4 (1996).
Bratton, Michael, and Nicolas Van de Walle. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Buehler, Matt. "Continuity through Co-optation: Rural Politics and Regime Resilience in Morocco and Mauritania." Mediterranean Politics 20, no. 3 (2015): 364-385. DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2015.1071453.
Cameroun Un " Journaliste-Surveillant " Le Monde (Paris). Julio 11, 1986. https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1986/07/12/cameroun-un-journaliste-surveillant_3117275_1819218.html.
Cheeseman, Nic. Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Cooper, Frederick. Africa Since 1940: the Past of the Present. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
DeLancey, Mark, H. Mbella Mokeba, and Victor T. Le Vine. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon. African Historical Dictionaries; No. 48. Scarecrow Press, 1990. Print ISBN13: 9780810823709, Ebook ISBN13: 9780585070322. DT563.D45 1990eb.
Deltombe, Thomas. "Cameroun, chantres français pour dictateurs africains." Le Monde diplomatique, March 2010. https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/18917.
Elischer, Sebastian. "Kamerun: das greise Regime Biya vor dem Ende," GIGA Focus Afrika, no. 9 (2010): (Hamburg: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien). https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-274628.
Emmanuel, Nikolas G. "¿With a Friend like this . . .?: Shielding Cameroon from Democratization." Journal of Asian and African Studies, (2012). https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909612442656.
Erdmann, Gero, Bank, André, Hoffmann, Bert, and Richter, Thomas. "International Cooperation of Authoritarian Regimes: Toward a Conceptual Framework." GIGA Working Papers 229 (2013).
Hargreaves, John. "Decolonization of Africa." In Problems in the History of Modern Africa, edited by Robert O. Collins, 8-13. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997.
Heydemann, Steven and Leenders, Reinoud. "Authoritarian Learning and Authoritarian Resilience: Regime Responses to the 'Arab Awakening'." Globalizations 8 (2011): 647-653. doi: 10.1080/14747731.2011.621274.
Huntington, Samuel. "Democracy's Third Wave". Journal of Democracy 2, no. 2 (Enero 1970): 12-34.
Ihonvbere, Julius and Mbaku, John. Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), 1-16.
Kisangani, Emizet F. and Pickering, Jeffrey. 2021. Military Intervention by Former Colonial Powers in Africa. Chapter. In: African Interventions: State Militaries, Foreign Powers, and Rebel Forces, 85-143. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108550802.003.
Konings, Piet. "President Biya and the 'Anglophone Problem' in Cameroon." In The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya, edited by John Mukum Mbaku and Joseph Takougang, 191-234. Trenton NY: Africa World Press, 2004. https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/4630
Konings, Piet. "The Post-Colonial State and Economic and Political Reforms in Cameroon," in Liberalization in the Developing World, 1st ed. (Routledge, 1996), 22, eBook ISBN: 9780203030066.
Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan, Way. Revolution and Dictatorship: The Violent Origins of Durable Authoritarianism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022.
Mandani, Mahmood. "Conclusion: Linking the Urban and the Rural." In Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism, 285-302. Princeton University Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77c7w.12.
Martin, Guy. "Continuity and Change in Franco-African Relations." The Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 1 (1995): 1-20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161543.
Mbembe, Achille. On the Postcolony. 1st ed. University of California Press, 2001. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppkxs
Harrijvan, Merel & Weerdesteijn, Maartje. "To appease or to repress: how dictators use economic dynamics to increase their regime longevity," Crime, Law and Social Change 74, no. 3 (October 2020): 315-338
Kohli, Atul. Imperialism and the Developing World: How Britain and the United States Shaped the Global Periphery (New York, 2020, Oxford Academic) 7-8, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190069629.001.0001.
Mokam, David. "US and the Democratic Process in Cameroon from 1990 to 2013." In The United States and Democracy in Africa: A Critique, edited by Olayiwola Abegunrin, 85-104. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-58984-2_5.
Okon, Enoch Ndem, and Ojakorotu, Victor. "Imperialism and Contemporary Africa: An Analysis of Continuity and Change." Journal of African Foreign Affairs 5, no. 2 (2018): 227-49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26664071.
Puerta González, Teresa M. 2017. La Resiliencia del Régimen Político Marroquí. Revista Jurídica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, n.º 34 (mayo). https://revistas.uam.es/revistajuridica/article/view/7744.
Qingjie, Zeng. "Leadership Succession and the Resilience of Electoral Authoritarian Regimes." Political Studies, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719862175
Renou, Xavier. "A New French Policy for Africa?" Journal of Contemporary African Studies 20, no. 1 (2002): 5-27. doi: 10.1080/02589000120104035.
Riedl, Rachel. "Authoritarian Origins of Democratic Party Systems in Africa" in Authoritarian Origins of Democratic Party Systems in Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), 215-234.
Roy, Satyaki. "Imperialism, the 'old' and the 'new': Departures and continuities." In The Changing Face of Imperialism, edited by Sunanda Sen and Maria Cristina Marcuzzo, 1st ed. 22. Routledge India, 2017. ISBN: 9781351184816.
Schraeder, Peter J. "From Berlin 1884 to 1989: Foreign Assistance and French, American, and Japanese Competition in Francophone Africa." The Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 4 (1995): 539-67. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00021431.
Scott, Frederick. "Cameroon: Biya's New Deal." Africa Report 30, no. 4 (2023): 58-61.
Sinkkonen, Elina. 2021. "Dynamic Dictators: Elite Cohesion and Authoritarian Resilience in China." doi:10.4324/9780429059704-8.
Takaugang, Joseph. "Continuity and Change in Cameroon's Foreign Policy in the Post-Ahidjo Era." The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs 20, no. 1/2 (1993): 135-53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45341604.
Tomsa, Dirk. "Regime resilience and presidential politics in Indonesia." Contemporary Politics 24, no. 3 (2018): 266-285. DOI: 10.1080/13569775.2017.1413502.
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White, David. "State capacity and regime resilience in Putin's Russia." International Political Science Review, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512117694481.
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Yongshun, Cai. "Power Structure and Regime Resilience: Contentious Politics in China." British Journal of Political Science 38, no. 3 (2008): 411-32. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27568354.
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spelling Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Melchiorre, Jonathan Lukevirtual::5703-1Rangel Meza, Martha Catalinab11af945-24b9-43c0-a112-468adb471674600Mijares Chacón, Víctor Manuel2023-08-04T15:58:01Z2023-08-04T15:58:01Z2023-07-31http://hdl.handle.net/1992/69236instname:Universidad de los Andesreponame:Repositorio Institucional Sénecarepourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/El presidente actual de Camerún, Paul Biya, ostenta el récord de líder nacional no-real en servicio más largo del mundo desde que asumió el cargo en 1982. A lo largo de los años, Camerún ha experimentado diversas transformaciones en su forma de gobierno, adaptándose a las necesidades y crisis de la sociedad camerunesa. Sin embargo, Biya ha logrado mantener un control inalterado sobre el poder y su régimen ha demostrado una resiliencia extraordinaria. De acuerdo con lo anterior, este trabajo plantea que la injerencia de Francia como actor internacional ha desempeñado un papel significativo en la supervivencia del régimen de Paul Biya en Camerún, esencialmente durante momentos críticos. Contrario a las explicaciones convencionales, esta investigación argumenta que el apoyo diplomático, económico y militar proporcionado por Francia a finales del siglo XX fue esencial para garantizar la continuidad del régimen de Biya.The current president of Cameroon, Paul Biya, holds the record for the longest-serving non-royal national leader in the world since assuming office in 1982. Over the years, Cameroon has undergone various transformations in its form of government, adapting to the needs and crises of Cameroonian society. However, Biya has managed to maintain control over power, and his regime has demonstrated extraordinary resilience. Based on this, this monograph proposes that the interference of France as an international actor has played a significant role in the survival of Paul Biya's regime in Cameroon, especially during critical junctures. Contrary to mainstream explanations, this research argues that the diplomatic, economic, and military support provided by France in the late 20th century was crucial in ensuring the continuity of Biya's regime.PolitólogoPregrado41 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de los AndesCiencia PolíticaFacultad de Ciencias SocialesDepartamento de Ciencia Política y Estudios GlobalesManteniendo el poder en tiempos de crisis: El rol de Francia en la resiliencia del régimen autoritario de Paul Biya en CamerúnMaintaining Power in Times of Crisis: The Role of France in the Resilience of Paul Biya's Authoritarian Regime in CameroonTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPResiliencia de régimenCamerúnPaul BiyaCiencia PolíticaFranciaRégimen autoritarioDemocracia en ÁfricaIntervención francesaIntervención militarIntervención diplomáticaIntervención económicaAyuda oficial para el desarrolloSub-ImperialismoColonialismoCiencia PolíticaBader, Julia. "Propping up dictators? Economic cooperation from China and its impact on authoritarian persistence in party and non-party regimes." European Journal of Political Research 54, no. 4 (2015): 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12082.Bourmaud, Daniel. "La Politique africaine de Jacques Chirac: les anciens contre les modernes." Modern and Contemporary France, NS4 (1996).Bratton, Michael, and Nicolas Van de Walle. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Buehler, Matt. "Continuity through Co-optation: Rural Politics and Regime Resilience in Morocco and Mauritania." Mediterranean Politics 20, no. 3 (2015): 364-385. DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2015.1071453.Cameroun Un " Journaliste-Surveillant " Le Monde (Paris). Julio 11, 1986. https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1986/07/12/cameroun-un-journaliste-surveillant_3117275_1819218.html.Cheeseman, Nic. Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2015.Cooper, Frederick. Africa Since 1940: the Past of the Present. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2002.DeLancey, Mark, H. Mbella Mokeba, and Victor T. Le Vine. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon. African Historical Dictionaries; No. 48. Scarecrow Press, 1990. Print ISBN13: 9780810823709, Ebook ISBN13: 9780585070322. DT563.D45 1990eb.Deltombe, Thomas. "Cameroun, chantres français pour dictateurs africains." Le Monde diplomatique, March 2010. https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/18917.Elischer, Sebastian. "Kamerun: das greise Regime Biya vor dem Ende," GIGA Focus Afrika, no. 9 (2010): (Hamburg: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien). https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-274628.Emmanuel, Nikolas G. "¿With a Friend like this . . .?: Shielding Cameroon from Democratization." Journal of Asian and African Studies, (2012). https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909612442656.Erdmann, Gero, Bank, André, Hoffmann, Bert, and Richter, Thomas. "International Cooperation of Authoritarian Regimes: Toward a Conceptual Framework." GIGA Working Papers 229 (2013).Hargreaves, John. "Decolonization of Africa." In Problems in the History of Modern Africa, edited by Robert O. Collins, 8-13. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997.Heydemann, Steven and Leenders, Reinoud. "Authoritarian Learning and Authoritarian Resilience: Regime Responses to the 'Arab Awakening'." Globalizations 8 (2011): 647-653. doi: 10.1080/14747731.2011.621274.Huntington, Samuel. "Democracy's Third Wave". Journal of Democracy 2, no. 2 (Enero 1970): 12-34.Ihonvbere, Julius and Mbaku, John. Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), 1-16.Kisangani, Emizet F. and Pickering, Jeffrey. 2021. Military Intervention by Former Colonial Powers in Africa. Chapter. In: African Interventions: State Militaries, Foreign Powers, and Rebel Forces, 85-143. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108550802.003.Konings, Piet. "President Biya and the 'Anglophone Problem' in Cameroon." In The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya, edited by John Mukum Mbaku and Joseph Takougang, 191-234. Trenton NY: Africa World Press, 2004. https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/4630Konings, Piet. "The Post-Colonial State and Economic and Political Reforms in Cameroon," in Liberalization in the Developing World, 1st ed. (Routledge, 1996), 22, eBook ISBN: 9780203030066.Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan, Way. Revolution and Dictatorship: The Violent Origins of Durable Authoritarianism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022.Mandani, Mahmood. "Conclusion: Linking the Urban and the Rural." In Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism, 285-302. Princeton University Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77c7w.12.Martin, Guy. "Continuity and Change in Franco-African Relations." The Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 1 (1995): 1-20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/161543.Mbembe, Achille. On the Postcolony. 1st ed. University of California Press, 2001. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppkxsHarrijvan, Merel & Weerdesteijn, Maartje. "To appease or to repress: how dictators use economic dynamics to increase their regime longevity," Crime, Law and Social Change 74, no. 3 (October 2020): 315-338Kohli, Atul. Imperialism and the Developing World: How Britain and the United States Shaped the Global Periphery (New York, 2020, Oxford Academic) 7-8, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190069629.001.0001.Mokam, David. "US and the Democratic Process in Cameroon from 1990 to 2013." In The United States and Democracy in Africa: A Critique, edited by Olayiwola Abegunrin, 85-104. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-58984-2_5.Okon, Enoch Ndem, and Ojakorotu, Victor. "Imperialism and Contemporary Africa: An Analysis of Continuity and Change." Journal of African Foreign Affairs 5, no. 2 (2018): 227-49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26664071.Puerta González, Teresa M. 2017. La Resiliencia del Régimen Político Marroquí. Revista Jurídica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, n.º 34 (mayo). https://revistas.uam.es/revistajuridica/article/view/7744.Qingjie, Zeng. "Leadership Succession and the Resilience of Electoral Authoritarian Regimes." 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