Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach

Walking and other non-motorized modes of transportation are commonly regarded as integral components of transportation systems with a focus on safety, accessibility, and sustainability. As a result, their promotion and integration play a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals. Over...

Full description

Autores:
Ortíz Ramírez, Hernán Alberto
Tipo de recurso:
Doctoral thesis
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad de los Andes
Repositorio:
Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/70981
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/1992/70981
Palabra clave:
Motivation
Walking
Travel behavior
Well-being
Self determination theory
Ingeniería
Rights
embargoedAccess
License
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/static/pdf/aceptacion_uso_es.pdf
id UNIANDES2_01945f39758074007141dae3c01fbc27
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/70981
network_acronym_str UNIANDES2
network_name_str Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
title Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
spellingShingle Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
Motivation
Walking
Travel behavior
Well-being
Self determination theory
Ingeniería
title_short Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
title_full Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
title_fullStr Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
title_full_unstemmed Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
title_sort Walking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approach
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ortíz Ramírez, Hernán Alberto
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Valencia, Álvaro
De Vos, Jonas
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ortíz Ramírez, Hernán Alberto
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Sarmiento Dueñas, Olga Lucía
Van den Berg, Pauline
Hurtubia, Ricardo
dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ingeniería::Grupo de Estudios en Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional (Sur)
dc.subject.keyword.eng.fl_str_mv Motivation
Walking
Travel behavior
Well-being
Self determination theory
topic Motivation
Walking
Travel behavior
Well-being
Self determination theory
Ingeniería
dc.subject.themes.spa.fl_str_mv Ingeniería
description Walking and other non-motorized modes of transportation are commonly regarded as integral components of transportation systems with a focus on safety, accessibility, and sustainability. As a result, their promotion and integration play a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals. Over the past three decades, research within the transportation field, particularly in travel behavior, has been dedicated to comprehending methods to enhance and encourage walking. Despite extensive efforts and a wide array of findings, there has been limited integration of motivational theories aimed at explaining walking behavior. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential role of motivational theories in elucidating walking behavior and the means to motivate it. Grounded in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a survey was designed to assess the interrelationships and impacts of motivation on walking behavior, utilizing latent variable-based modeling. This study was conducted in Bogota, Colombia. The findings revealed that utilitarian and recreational walking is influenced by motivation. Motivational styles were found to be contingent upon the extent of contextual support for three fundamental psychological needs. Additionally, the study identified that the internalization of motives is linked to elevated levels and quality of walking motivation. Among the results, a significant discovery was the connection between motivated walking and subsequent well-being outcomes. The implications of this research extend to urban and transportation planning. Notably, the study demonstrated that initiatives promoting public transit, bicycle travel, and demand management related to private vehicles can enhance walking motivation. Consequently, this research offers valuable evidence to the transportation research domain, underscoring the relationship between motivation and travel behavior. These insights hold the potential to enrich the development of future models within this field.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-07T15:18:03Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10-10
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-12-30
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/1992/70981
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.57784/1992/70981
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad de los Andes
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Séneca
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/
url https://hdl.handle.net/1992/70981
identifier_str_mv 10.57784/1992/70981
instname:Universidad de los Andes
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Séneca
repourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Ahmadipour, F., Mamdoohi, A. R., & Wulf-Holger, A. (2021). Impact of built environment on walking in the case of Tehran, Iran. Journal of Transport and Health, 22(May), 101083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101083
Aittasalo, M., Tiilikainen, J., Tokola, K., Seimelä, T., Sarjala, S. M., Metsäpuro, P., Hynynen, A., Suni, J., Sievänen, H., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Vaismaa, K., Vakkala, O., Foster, C., Titze, S., & Vasankari, T. (2017). Socio-ecological intervention to promote active commuting to work: Protocol and baseline findings of a cluster randomized controlled trial in Finland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101257
Aittasalo, M., Tiilikainen, J., Tokola, K., Suni, J., Sievänen, H., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Vasankari, T., Seimelä, T., Metsäpuro, P., Foster, C., & Titze, S. (2019). Socio-ecological natural experiment with randomized controlled trial to promote active commuting to work: Process evaluation, behavioral impacts, and changes in the use and quality of walking and cycling paths. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091661
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.
Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá. (2019). Resultados de la Encuesta de Movilidad de Bogotá y municipios vecinos 2019.
Alemu, M. H., & Olsen, S. B. (2019). Linking Consumers’ Food Choice Motives to their Preferences for Insect-based Food Products: An Application of Integrated Choice and Latent Variable Model in an African Context. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 70(1), 241–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12285
Allen, J., Bellizzi, M. G., Eboli, L., Forciniti, C., & Mazzulla, G. (2020). Service quality in a mid-sized air terminal: A SEM-MIMIC ordinal probit accounting for travel, sociodemographic, and user-type heterogeneity. Journal of Air Transport Management, 84(January), 101780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101780
Allen, J., Eboli, L., Mazzulla, G., & Ortúzar, J. de D. (2018, April 1). Effect of critical incidents on public transport satisfaction and loyalty: an Ordinal Probit SEM-MIMIC approach. Transportation, 47(2), 827–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9921-4
Ameli, S. H., Hamidi, S., Garfinkel-castro, A., Ewing, R., Garfinkel-castro, A., & Ewing, R. (2015). Do Better Urban Design Qualities Lead to More Walking in Salt Lake City , Utah? In Journal of Urban Design (Vol. 20, Issue 3, p. 3). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1041894
Askarizad, R., & Safari, H. (2020). The influence of social interactions on the behavioral patterns of the people in urban spaces (case study: The pedestrian zone of Rasht Municipality Square, Iran). Cities, 101, 102687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102687
Aziz, H. M. A., Nagle, N. N., Morton, A. M., Hilliard, M. R., White, D. A., & Stewart, R. N. (2018). Exploring the impact of walk–bike infrastructure, safety perception, and built-environment on active transportation mode choice: a random parameter model using New York City commuter data. Transportation, 45(5), 1207–1229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-017-9760-8
Baard, P. P., Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045–2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x
Barnett, D. W., Barnett, A., Nathan, A., Van Cauwenberg, J., & Cerin, E. (2017). Built environmental correlates of older adults’ total physical activity and walking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0558-z
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/static/pdf/aceptacion_uso_es.pdf
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
rights_invalid_str_mv https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/static/pdf/aceptacion_uso_es.pdf
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
eu_rights_str_mv embargoedAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 66 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de los Andes
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Doctorado en Ingeniería
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ingeniería
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de los Andes
institution Universidad de los Andes
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/b7da79b3-9a28-4705-87b3-822c8adb9bd6/download
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/b87f80f8-4fe2-43e1-9577-bc8cc936713e/download
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/8c00302c-c88e-4be1-b52d-95c62a4242d9/download
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/4d0ebf07-aa93-47e5-9870-9fbbc5c6f8fc/download
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/71c14699-83ff-4395-a85a-f721a8f48619/download
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/b41eabc0-122e-4889-a77d-c104d4408913/download
https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/d036e2dd-20f0-471d-bca7-3b06f1aabe1d/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 2245bef3390a5ad52993b4677a037f4c
1ba05f8c61dfec128582d9d8e72e58e3
ae9e573a68e7f92501b6913cc846c39f
19548f5a833917e5f05473594fad0eab
7f259b4ec6881828f9d2b0b2ba19a39e
76899feed8fc753658cffceca73992a2
ed383f84be46c8d447115e1b433d4c4a
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio institucional Séneca
repository.mail.fl_str_mv adminrepositorio@uniandes.edu.co
_version_ 1812134062408597504
spelling Rodríguez Valencia, ÁlvaroDe Vos, JonasOrtíz Ramírez, Hernán AlbertoSarmiento Dueñas, Olga LucíaVan den Berg, PaulineHurtubia, RicardoFacultad de Ingeniería::Grupo de Estudios en Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional (Sur)2023-11-07T15:18:03Z2025-12-302023-10-10https://hdl.handle.net/1992/7098110.57784/1992/70981instname:Universidad de los Andesreponame:Repositorio Institucional Sénecarepourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/Walking and other non-motorized modes of transportation are commonly regarded as integral components of transportation systems with a focus on safety, accessibility, and sustainability. As a result, their promotion and integration play a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals. Over the past three decades, research within the transportation field, particularly in travel behavior, has been dedicated to comprehending methods to enhance and encourage walking. Despite extensive efforts and a wide array of findings, there has been limited integration of motivational theories aimed at explaining walking behavior. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential role of motivational theories in elucidating walking behavior and the means to motivate it. Grounded in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a survey was designed to assess the interrelationships and impacts of motivation on walking behavior, utilizing latent variable-based modeling. This study was conducted in Bogota, Colombia. The findings revealed that utilitarian and recreational walking is influenced by motivation. Motivational styles were found to be contingent upon the extent of contextual support for three fundamental psychological needs. Additionally, the study identified that the internalization of motives is linked to elevated levels and quality of walking motivation. Among the results, a significant discovery was the connection between motivated walking and subsequent well-being outcomes. The implications of this research extend to urban and transportation planning. Notably, the study demonstrated that initiatives promoting public transit, bicycle travel, and demand management related to private vehicles can enhance walking motivation. Consequently, this research offers valuable evidence to the transportation research domain, underscoring the relationship between motivation and travel behavior. These insights hold the potential to enrich the development of future models within this field.Doctor en IngenieríaDoctorado66 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de los AndesDoctorado en IngenieríaFacultad de Ingenieríahttps://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/static/pdf/aceptacion_uso_es.pdfinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfWalking: from promotion to motivation: A Self-determination-theory-centered approachTrabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Texthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDMotivationWalkingTravel behaviorWell-beingSelf determination theoryIngenieríaAhmadipour, F., Mamdoohi, A. R., & Wulf-Holger, A. (2021). Impact of built environment on walking in the case of Tehran, Iran. Journal of Transport and Health, 22(May), 101083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101083Aittasalo, M., Tiilikainen, J., Tokola, K., Seimelä, T., Sarjala, S. M., Metsäpuro, P., Hynynen, A., Suni, J., Sievänen, H., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Vaismaa, K., Vakkala, O., Foster, C., Titze, S., & Vasankari, T. (2017). Socio-ecological intervention to promote active commuting to work: Protocol and baseline findings of a cluster randomized controlled trial in Finland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101257Aittasalo, M., Tiilikainen, J., Tokola, K., Suni, J., Sievänen, H., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Vasankari, T., Seimelä, T., Metsäpuro, P., Foster, C., & Titze, S. (2019). Socio-ecological natural experiment with randomized controlled trial to promote active commuting to work: Process evaluation, behavioral impacts, and changes in the use and quality of walking and cycling paths. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091661Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá. (2019). Resultados de la Encuesta de Movilidad de Bogotá y municipios vecinos 2019.Alemu, M. H., & Olsen, S. B. (2019). Linking Consumers’ Food Choice Motives to their Preferences for Insect-based Food Products: An Application of Integrated Choice and Latent Variable Model in an African Context. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 70(1), 241–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12285Allen, J., Bellizzi, M. G., Eboli, L., Forciniti, C., & Mazzulla, G. (2020). Service quality in a mid-sized air terminal: A SEM-MIMIC ordinal probit accounting for travel, sociodemographic, and user-type heterogeneity. Journal of Air Transport Management, 84(January), 101780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101780Allen, J., Eboli, L., Mazzulla, G., & Ortúzar, J. de D. (2018, April 1). Effect of critical incidents on public transport satisfaction and loyalty: an Ordinal Probit SEM-MIMIC approach. Transportation, 47(2), 827–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9921-4Ameli, S. H., Hamidi, S., Garfinkel-castro, A., Ewing, R., Garfinkel-castro, A., & Ewing, R. (2015). Do Better Urban Design Qualities Lead to More Walking in Salt Lake City , Utah? In Journal of Urban Design (Vol. 20, Issue 3, p. 3). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1041894Askarizad, R., & Safari, H. (2020). The influence of social interactions on the behavioral patterns of the people in urban spaces (case study: The pedestrian zone of Rasht Municipality Square, Iran). Cities, 101, 102687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102687Aziz, H. M. A., Nagle, N. N., Morton, A. M., Hilliard, M. R., White, D. A., & Stewart, R. N. (2018). Exploring the impact of walk–bike infrastructure, safety perception, and built-environment on active transportation mode choice: a random parameter model using New York City commuter data. Transportation, 45(5), 1207–1229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-017-9760-8Baard, P. P., Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045–2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.xBarnett, D. W., Barnett, A., Nathan, A., Van Cauwenberg, J., & Cerin, E. (2017). Built environmental correlates of older adults’ total physical activity and walking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0558-z201323188PublicationORIGINALWalking: from promotion to motivation.pdfWalking: from promotion to motivation.pdfapplication/pdf5599492https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/b7da79b3-9a28-4705-87b3-822c8adb9bd6/download2245bef3390a5ad52993b4677a037f4cMD52Autorizacion_tesis_SIGNED_Hernan Alberto Ortiz.pdfAutorizacion_tesis_SIGNED_Hernan Alberto Ortiz.pdfHIDEapplication/pdf361405https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/b87f80f8-4fe2-43e1-9577-bc8cc936713e/download1ba05f8c61dfec128582d9d8e72e58e3MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82535https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/8c00302c-c88e-4be1-b52d-95c62a4242d9/downloadae9e573a68e7f92501b6913cc846c39fMD53TEXTWalking: from promotion to motivation.pdf.txtWalking: from promotion to motivation.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100130https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/4d0ebf07-aa93-47e5-9870-9fbbc5c6f8fc/download19548f5a833917e5f05473594fad0eabMD54Autorizacion_tesis_SIGNED_Hernan Alberto Ortiz.pdf.txtAutorizacion_tesis_SIGNED_Hernan Alberto Ortiz.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain2078https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/71c14699-83ff-4395-a85a-f721a8f48619/download7f259b4ec6881828f9d2b0b2ba19a39eMD56THUMBNAILWalking: from promotion to motivation.pdf.jpgWalking: from promotion to motivation.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6798https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/b41eabc0-122e-4889-a77d-c104d4408913/download76899feed8fc753658cffceca73992a2MD55Autorizacion_tesis_SIGNED_Hernan Alberto Ortiz.pdf.jpgAutorizacion_tesis_SIGNED_Hernan Alberto Ortiz.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg11228https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstreams/d036e2dd-20f0-471d-bca7-3b06f1aabe1d/downloaded383f84be46c8d447115e1b433d4c4aMD571992/70981oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/709812024-08-26 15:26:49.942https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/static/pdf/aceptacion_uso_es.pdfembargohttps://repositorio.uniandes.edu.coRepositorio institucional Sénecaadminrepositorio@uniandes.edu.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