Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista

El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es una condición neurológica caracterizada por déficits persistentes en la comunicación, interacción social y comportamientos repetitivos, con una prevalencia creciente que afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 160 niños según la Organización Mundial de la Salud...

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Autores:: Carrillo Echeverry, Isabella Margarita
Gordo Malagón, Sebastian
Torres Robles, Natalie Salomé
Vélez Espejo, Carolina

Tipo de recurso:: https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f

Fecha de publicación:: 2025

Institución:: Universidad El Bosque

Repositorio:: Repositorio U. El Bosque

Idioma:: spa

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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv	Functional optometric management of children with autism spectrum disorder
title	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
spellingShingle	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista Trastorno del espectro autista Optometría pediátrica Terapia visual Evaluación Manejo WW704 Autism Spectrum Disorder Pediatric optometry Vision therapy Evaluation Management
title_short	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
title_full	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
title_fullStr	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
title_full_unstemmed	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
title_sort	Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Carrillo Echeverry, Isabella Margarita Gordo Malagón, Sebastian Torres Robles, Natalie Salomé Vélez Espejo, Carolina
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Sánchez Espinosa, Jenny García Lozada, Diana
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Carrillo Echeverry, Isabella Margarita Gordo Malagón, Sebastian Torres Robles, Natalie Salomé Vélez Espejo, Carolina
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Trastorno del espectro autista Optometría pediátrica Terapia visual Evaluación Manejo
topic	Trastorno del espectro autista Optometría pediátrica Terapia visual Evaluación Manejo WW704 Autism Spectrum Disorder Pediatric optometry Vision therapy Evaluation Management
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv	WW704
dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv	Autism Spectrum Disorder Pediatric optometry Vision therapy Evaluation Management
description	El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es una condición neurológica caracterizada por déficits persistentes en la comunicación, interacción social y comportamientos repetitivos, con una prevalencia creciente que afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 160 niños según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Las alteraciones visuales, como errores refractivos, estrabismo y problemas en el procesamiento visual, son comunes y afectan habilidades motoras y sociales esenciales, complicando la interacción con el entorno, por ello, un enfoque integral en la atención optométrica se vuelve indispensable. Los métodos convencionales de examen visual pueden resultar insuficientes, lo que hace indispensable adaptar los procedimientos, esto implica el uso de pruebas específicas, como los símbolos Lea o las pruebas de preferencia visual, además de la implementación de técnicas de desensibilización que ayuden a minimizar el estrés durante la consulta. La implementación de protocolos estandarizados en la práctica optométrica no solo permitirá un diagnóstico más preciso, sino que también facilitará un manejo efectivo de las necesidades visuales de los pacientes con Trastorno Espectro Autista. Esto, a su vez, contribuirá significativamente a su desarrollo integral, mejorando su capacidad de integración social y, en consecuencia, su calidad de vida.
publishDate	2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2025-03-21T13:06:38Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2025-03-21T13:06:38Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2025-02
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dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv	Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado
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dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv	Sanchack KE. Primary Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Internet]. Vol. 94. 2016. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety Concejo de Bogotá. Los derechos de las personas con autismo [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Jul 5]. Available from: https://concejodebogota.gov.co/los-derechos-de-las-personas-con-autismo/cbogota/2018-04-02/085658.php Anastasia Coulter R, Bade A, Tea Y, Fecho G, Amster D, Jenewein E, et al. Eye Examination Testability in Children with Autism and in Typical Peers [Internet]. Vol. 92, Optometry and Vision Science. 2015. Available from: www.optvissci.com Bhaskaran S, Lawrence L, Flora J, Perumalsamy V. Functional and cognitive vision assessment in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of AAPOS. 2018 Aug 1;22(4):304–8. Doherty M, Haydon C, Davidson IA. Recognising autism in healthcare. Vol. 82, British Journal of Hospital Medicine. MA Healthcare Ltd; 2021. Flores i Formenti T de, tr. DSM-IV manual de diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. Masson; 1995. 909 p. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud. Protocolo clínico para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y ruta de atención integral de niños y niñas con trastornos del espectro autista. Colombia; 2015 Mar. Walensky RP, Bunnell R, Kent CK, Gottardy AJ, Leahy MA, Martinroe JC, et al. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years-Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020 Surveillance Summaries Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR Editorial and Production Staff (Serials) MMWR Editorial Board. 2020. Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. Guía de consulta de los criterios diagnósticos del DSM 5. Arlington; 2013. 26–28 p. Coulter RA, Bade A, Jenewein EC, Tea YC, Mitchell GL. Near-point Findings in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and in Typical Peers. Optometry and Vision Science. 2021 Apr 1;98(4):384–93. Bülbül IA, Özdemır S. An examination of visual attention: An eye tracking study on motor actions in children with ASD and TD children. Hacettepe Egitim Dergisi. 2021;36(4):871–85. Chávez-Trujillo R, Aguilar RM, González-Mora JL. Machine learning in medical diagnosis. A case study in the identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder from ocular behaviour. RIAI - Revista Iberoamericana de Automatica e Informatica Industrial. 2024;21(3):205–17. Melvin Kaplan. Seeing through new eyes: Changing the Lives of Children with Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Other Developmental Disabilities through Vision Therapy. Vol. 33. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2006. 7–207 p. Apicella F, Costanzo V, Purpura G. Are early visual behavior impairments involved in the onset of autism spectrum disorders? Insights for early diagnosis and intervention. Vol. 179, European Journal of Pediatrics. Springer; 2020. p. 225–34. Jones W, Carr K, Klin A. Absence of preferential looking to the eyes of approaching adults predicts level of social disability in 2-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Aug;65(8):946–54. Falck-Ytter T, Bölte S, Gredebäck G. Eye tracking in early autism research. J Neurodev Disord [Internet]. 2013 Sep 26 [cited 2024 Oct 26];5(1):1–13. Available from: https://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1866-1955-5-28 Robertson CE, Baron-Cohen S. Sensory perception in autism. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2017 18:11 [Internet]. 2017 Sep 29 [cited 2024 Oct 26];18(11):671–84. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2017.112 Dakin S, Frith U. Vagaries of visual perception in autism. Vol. 48, Neuron. 2005. p. 497–507. Chang MY, Gandhi N, O’Hara M. Ophthalmologic disorders and risk factors in children with autism spectrum disorder. J AAPOS [Internet]. 2019 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Oct 26];23(6):337.e1-337.e6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31676470/ Black K, McCarus C, Collins MLZ, Jensen A. Ocular manifestations of autism in ophthalmology. Strabismus [Internet]. 2013 Jun [cited 2024 Oct 26];21(2):98–102. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23713930/ Anastasia Coulter R, Bade A, Tea Y, Fecho G, Amster D, Jenewein E, et al. Eye Examination Testability in Children with Autism and in Typical Peers. Optometry and Vision Science [Internet]. 2015 Jan;92(1):31–43. Available from: www.optvissci.com Fernández DG, Martínez-Lorca M. Performance of visual stimuli in the diagnosis of ASD by Eye Tracking: A Systematic Review. Revista de Investigación en Logopedia. 2023;13(1). Ahmed IA, Senan EM, Rassem TH, Ali MAH, Shatnawi HSA, Alwazer SM, et al. Eye Tracking-Based Diagnosis and Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques. Electronics (Switzerland). 2022 Feb 1;11(4). Alothaim SS, Moafa MA, Alrasheed SH. The Open Ophthalmology Journal Evaluation of Visual Acuity (VA) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Comparison of Different Vision Charts. 2023;17:187436412307030. Available from: https://openophthalmologyjournal.com Bölte S, Schlitt S, Gapp V, Hainz D, Schirman S, Poustka F, et al. A close eye on the eagle-eyed visual acuity hypothesis of autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 May;42(5):726–33. Petretto DR, Lucarelli L, Farris P, Penna V, Valinotti S, Pietro CG, et al. Children with autism spectrum disorders and severe visual impairments: Some general principles for intervention according to the perspective of clinical psychology of disability. J Public Health Res. 2023 Apr 1;12(2). Reynolds M, Culican SM. Visual Autism. Vol. 10, Children. MDPI; 2023. Chung S, Son JW. Visual perception in autism spectrum disorder: A review of neuroimaging studies. Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 1;31(3):105–20. Alothaim SS, Moafa MA, Alrasheed SH. The Open Ophthalmology Journal Evaluation of Visual Acuity (VA) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Comparison of Different Vision Charts. 2023;17:187436412307030. Available from: https://openophthalmologyjournal.com Anastasia Coulter R, Bade A, Tea Y, Fecho G, Amster D, Jenewein E, et al. Eye Examination Testability in Children with Autism and in Typical Peers [Internet]. Vol. 92, Optometry and Vision Science. 2015. Available from: www.optvissci.com Rangel-Padilla A, Paéz-Garza JH, Royero-Alemán A, De La Rosa-Pacheco S, Rodríguez-Neira MT. Refractive errors and accommodative insufficiency in children with learning difficulties. Artículo original. Correspondencia. 2021 [cited 2024 Oct 26]; Available from: www.rmo.com.mx Buriticá A. Esquemas sensoriomotores y cognición off-line. Ideas y Valores. 2018 Dec 15;67:41–60. Denisova K, Wolpert DM. Sensorimotor variability distinguishes early features of cognition in toddlers with autism. iScience. 2024 Sep 20;27(9). Zoccante L, Ciceri ML, Gozzi LA, Gennaro G Di, Zerman N. The “Connectivome Theory”: A New Model to Understand Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 7;12. Longo R, Allegrini F, Gusson E, Morbio R, Di Gennaro G, Gozzi LA, et al. Visual-motor involvement in autism spectrum disorder: could the stereopsis deficit affect motor coordination? Front Psychiatry. 2023;14. Hernández-Santos LR, Cárdenas-Díaz T, Méndez-Sánchez T de J, Castro-Pérez PD, Pons-Castro L. Fusion and stereopsis in children with refractive amblyopia. Revista Mexicana de Oftalmologia. 2021 Nov 1;95(6):252–8. Simmons DR, Robertson AE, McKay LS, Toal E, McAleer P, Pollick FE. Vision in autism spectrum disorders. Vol. 49, Vision Research. 2009. p. 2705–39. Heick JD, Bay C. Determining near point of convergence: exploring a component of the vestibular/ocular motor screen comparing varied target sizes. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021;16(1):21–30. Griffin JW, Naples A, Bernier R, Chawarska K, Dawson G, Dziura J, et al. Spatiotemporal Eye Movement Dynamics Reveal Altered Face Prioritization in Early Visual Processing Among Autistic Children. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2024 Sep; Coulter RA, Bade A, Jenewein EC, Tea YC, Mitchell GL. Near-point Findings in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and in Typical Peers. Optometry and Vision Science. 2021 Apr 1;98(4):384–93. Hao J, Yang Z, Zhang R, Ma Z, Liu J, Bi H, et al. Crosstalk between heredity and environment in myopia: An overview. Vol. 10, Heliyon. Elsevier Ltd; 2024. Guía de práctica Clínica, Colombia 2016. Alcántara MM. Ambliopía y estrabismo. Pediatría Integral. 2018;XXII (1):32–44. Sotelo DU, Arteaga EYH, Suárez AKB, Delgadillo CB, Suaréz CEC, Ávila AJM. Técnicas de manejo de conducta del paciente autista en el consultorio dental. Educación y Salud Boletín Científico Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo [Internet]. 2024 Jun 5 [cited 2024 Oct 26];12(24):101–6. Available from: https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/ICSA/article/view/12205 Yepes M, Ramirez A, Restrepo M, Sierra M, Velásquez M, Botero M, et al. Aplicación de un método audiovisual para mejorar la comunicación con los niños autistas en el consultorio odontológico. Revista CES Odontología. 1998; Chen L, Sun L, Xue C, Li S, Wang J, Shen X, et al. Refractive errors and ocular findings in children and adolescents with mental disorders: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023 Dec 1;23(1). Kinnealey M, Pfeiffer B, Miller J, Roan C, Shoener R, Ellner ML. Effect of Classroom Modification on Attention and Engagement of Students With Autism or Dyspraxia. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy [Internet]. 2012 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Oct 26];66(5):511–9. Available from: /ajot/article/66/5/511/5719/Effect-of-Classroom-Modification-on-Attention-and Nair AS, Priya RS, Rajagopal P, Pradeepa C, Senthil R, Dhanalakshmi S, et al. A case study on the effect of light and colors in the built environment on autistic children’s behavior. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Nov 30;13:1042641. Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, Cruz OA, Sprunger DT, Repka MX, et al. Pediatric Eye Evaluations Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar 1;130(3):P222–70. Anketell PM, Saunders KJ, Gallagher SM, Bailey C, Little JA. Accommodative Function in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Optometry and Vision Science. 2018 Mar 1;95(3):193–201. Cruz OA, Repka MX, Hercinovic A, Cotter SA, Lambert SR, Hutchinson AK, et al. Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar 1;130(3):P136–78. Strelnikov J, Zdonczyk A, Pruett JR, Culican S, Tychsen L, Gordon M, et al. Social and Quality-of-Life Impact of Refractive Surgery in Children With Developmental Disorders and Spectacle Nonadherence. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan 1;269:20–9. Teixeira EC, Sonoda RT. Optometria no desenvolvimento infantil: autismo e TDAH. Recima 21- Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 [Internet]. 2024 Mar 19 [cited 2024 Oct 26];5(3):e535027–e535027. Available from: https://recima21.com.br/index.php/recima21/article/view/5027 Rutherford M, Baxter J, Grayson Z, Johnston L, O’Hare A. Visual supports at home and in the community for individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review. https://doi.org/101177/1362361319871756 [Internet]. 2019 Aug 26 [cited 2024 Oct 26];24(2):447–69. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1362361319871756 Alvarez TL, Vicci VR, Alkan Y, Kim EH, Gohel S, Barrett AM, et al. Vision therapy in adults with convergence insufficiency: Clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures. Optometry and Vision Science [Internet]. 2010 Dec [cited 2024 Oct 26];87(12). Available from: https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/fulltext/2010/12000/vision_therapy_in_adults_with_convergence.11.aspx Huang Q, Pereira AC, Velthuis H, Wong NML, Ellis CL, Ponteduro FM, et al. Gaba B receptor modulation of visual sensory processing in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder. Sci Transl Med [Internet]. 2022 Jan 5 [cited 2024 Oct 26];14(626). Available from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abg785 Huang Q, Ellis CL, Leo SM, Velthuis H, Pereira AC, Dimitrov M, et al. Retinal Gabaergic Alterations in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Neuroscience [Internet]. 2024 Apr 3 [cited 2024 Oct 26];44(14). Available from: https://www.jneurosci.org/content/44/14/e1218232024 Parmar KR, Porter CS, Dickinson CM, Pelham J, Baimbridge P, Gowen E. Visual Sensory Experiences From the Viewpoint of Autistic Adults. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2021 Jun 8 [cited 2024 Oct 26];12:633037. Available from: www.frontiersin.org Black MH, McGarry S, Churchill L, D’Arcy E, Dalgleish J, Nash I, et al. Considerations of the built environment for autistic individuals: A review of the literature. https://doi.org/101177/13623613221102753 [Internet]. 2022 Jun 13 [cited 2024 Oct 26];26(8):1904–15. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13623613221102753 Lindly OJ, Chan J, Fenning RM, Farmer JG, Neumeyer AM, Wang P, et al. Vision care among school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder in North America: Findings from the Autism Treatment Network Registry Call-Back Study. https://doi.org/101177/1362361320942091 [Internet]. 2020 Jul 21 [cited 2024 Oct 26];25(3):840–53. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1362361320942091 Chokron S, Kovarski K, Zalla T, Dutton GN. The inter-relationships between cerebral visual impairment, autism and intellectual disability. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Jul 1;114:201–10.
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spelling	Sánchez Espinosa, JennyGarcía Lozada, DianaCarrillo Echeverry, Isabella MargaritaGordo Malagón, SebastianTorres Robles, Natalie SaloméVélez Espejo, Carolina2025-03-21T13:06:38Z2025-03-21T13:06:38Z2025-02https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/14193instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coEl Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es una condición neurológica caracterizada por déficits persistentes en la comunicación, interacción social y comportamientos repetitivos, con una prevalencia creciente que afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 160 niños según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Las alteraciones visuales, como errores refractivos, estrabismo y problemas en el procesamiento visual, son comunes y afectan habilidades motoras y sociales esenciales, complicando la interacción con el entorno, por ello, un enfoque integral en la atención optométrica se vuelve indispensable. Los métodos convencionales de examen visual pueden resultar insuficientes, lo que hace indispensable adaptar los procedimientos, esto implica el uso de pruebas específicas, como los símbolos Lea o las pruebas de preferencia visual, además de la implementación de técnicas de desensibilización que ayuden a minimizar el estrés durante la consulta. La implementación de protocolos estandarizados en la práctica optométrica no solo permitirá un diagnóstico más preciso, sino que también facilitará un manejo efectivo de las necesidades visuales de los pacientes con Trastorno Espectro Autista. Esto, a su vez, contribuirá significativamente a su desarrollo integral, mejorando su capacidad de integración social y, en consecuencia, su calidad de vida.OptómetraPregradoAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition characterized by persistent deficits in communication, social interaction and repetitive behaviors, with an increasing prevalence affecting approximately 1 in 160 children according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Visual disturbances, such as refractive errors, strabismus and visual processing problems, are common and affect essential motor and social skills, complicating interaction with the environment, so a comprehensive approach to optometric care becomes indispensable. Conventional methods of visual examination may be insufficient, which makes it essential to adapt the procedures, this implies the use of specific tests, such as Lea symbols or visual preference tests, in addition to the implementation of desensitization techniques that help minimize stress during the consultation. The implementation of standardized protocols in optometric practice will not only allow for a more accurate diagnosis, but will also facilitate effective management of the visual needs of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This, in turn, will contribute significantly to their integral development, improving their capacity for social integration and, consequently, their quality of life.application/pdfAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Acceso abiertohttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Trastorno del espectro autistaOptometría pediátricaTerapia visualEvaluaciónManejoWW704Autism Spectrum DisorderPediatric optometryVision therapyEvaluationManagementManejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autistaFunctional optometric management of children with autism spectrum disorderOptometríaUniversidad El BosqueFacultad de MedicinaTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaSanchack KE. Primary Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Internet]. Vol. 94. 2016. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafetyConcejo de Bogotá. Los derechos de las personas con autismo [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Jul 5]. Available from: https://concejodebogota.gov.co/los-derechos-de-las-personas-con-autismo/cbogota/2018-04-02/085658.phpAnastasia Coulter R, Bade A, Tea Y, Fecho G, Amster D, Jenewein E, et al. Eye Examination Testability in Children with Autism and in Typical Peers [Internet]. Vol. 92, Optometry and Vision Science. 2015. Available from: www.optvissci.comBhaskaran S, Lawrence L, Flora J, Perumalsamy V. Functional and cognitive vision assessment in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of AAPOS. 2018 Aug 1;22(4):304–8.Doherty M, Haydon C, Davidson IA. Recognising autism in healthcare. Vol. 82, British Journal of Hospital Medicine. MA Healthcare Ltd; 2021.Flores i Formenti T de, tr. DSM-IV manual de diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. 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Manejo optométrico funcional de niños con trastorno del espectro autista

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