Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular

Evaluar los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes diagnosticas con apendicitis aguda complicada por plastrón apendicular que son tratados con apendicetomía vía laparoscópica de emergencia versus el manejo no operatorio. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de pacientes mayores de 18...

Full description

Autores:
Muñoz Escandon, Ana María
Tipo de recurso:
https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad El Bosque
Repositorio:
Repositorio U. El Bosque
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/12841
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/12841
Palabra clave:
Plastrón
Apendicitis
Apendicetomía
Colectomía
Laparoscopia
Phlegmon
Appendicitis
Laparoscopy
Colectomy
Appendectomy
WO 100
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
id UNBOSQUE2_da01dd608202c00c03fd42856323e534
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/12841
network_acronym_str UNBOSQUE2
network_name_str Repositorio U. El Bosque
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv Clinical outcomes of minimally invasive and non-operative surgical treatment of the appendiceal phlegmon
title Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
spellingShingle Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
Plastrón
Apendicitis
Apendicetomía
Colectomía
Laparoscopia
Phlegmon
Appendicitis
Laparoscopy
Colectomy
Appendectomy
WO 100
title_short Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
title_full Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
title_fullStr Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
title_full_unstemmed Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
title_sort Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicular
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Muñoz Escandon, Ana María
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Mendez, Erika
Cabrera Vargas, Felipe
Mendoza Zucchini, Andres
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Muñoz Escandon, Ana María
dc.contributor.orcid.none.fl_str_mv Muñoz Escandon, Ana Maria [0000-0003-4287-7516]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Plastrón
Apendicitis
Apendicetomía
Colectomía
Laparoscopia
topic Plastrón
Apendicitis
Apendicetomía
Colectomía
Laparoscopia
Phlegmon
Appendicitis
Laparoscopy
Colectomy
Appendectomy
WO 100
dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv Phlegmon
Appendicitis
Laparoscopy
Colectomy
Appendectomy
dc.subject.nlm.none.fl_str_mv WO 100
description Evaluar los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes diagnosticas con apendicitis aguda complicada por plastrón apendicular que son tratados con apendicetomía vía laparoscópica de emergencia versus el manejo no operatorio. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de pacientes mayores de 18 años diagnosticados con apendicitis aguda complicada por plastrón apendicular tratados en Los COBOS Medical Center entre enero de 2019 y abril del 2023. Se realizo un análisis estadístico mediante la utilización del software estadístico SPSS. Se obtuvo una base de datos inicial de 772 pacientes, la cual se revisó detenidamente y se excluyeron 713 pacientes aplicando rigurosamente los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Del total de la muestra evaluada, el 91,5% (n=54) fue sometida a apendicetomía vía laparoscópica de emergencia y a manejo no operatorio de 8,5% (n=5) de la muestra total. Se compararon los dos grupos, se encontró mayor tiempo de hospitalización de los pacientes que recibieron manejo no operatorio (10,4 vs. 4,61 p =0,014), al igual que en el tiempo de antibioticoterapia (9,8 vs. 6,4 días p=0,025).
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-06T19:36:46Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-06T19:36:46Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Especialización
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
format https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/12841
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/12841
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad El Bosque
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Bhangu A, Søreide K, Di Saverio S, Assarsson JH, Drake FT. Acute appendicitis: Modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Vol. 386, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2015. p. 1278–87.
Ahmed A, Feroz SH, Dominic JL, Muralidharan A, Thirunavukarasu P. Is Emergency Appendicectomy Better Than Elective Appendicectomy for the Treatment of Appendiceal Phlegmon?: A Review. Cureus. 2020 Dec 13;
Di Saverio S, Podda M, De Simone B, Ceresoli M, Augustin G, Gori A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. Vol. 15, World Journal of Emergency Surgery. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2020.
Cheng Y, Xiong X, Lu J, Wu S, Zhou R, Cheng N. Early versus delayed appendicectomy for appendiceal phlegmon or abscess. Vol. 2017, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2017.
Hernández-Cortez J, De León-Rendón JL, Silvia Martínez-Luna M, David Guzmán-Ortiz J, Palomeque-López A, Cruz-López N, et al. Apendicitis aguda: revisión de la literatura Acute appendicitis: literature review [Internet]. Vol. 41, Cirujano General. 2019. Available from: www.medigraphic.com/cirujanogeneralwww.medigraphic.org.mx
Moris D, Paulson EK, Pappas TN. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Appendicitis in Adults: A Review. Vol. 326, JAMA. American Medical Association; 2021. p. 2299–311.
Elkbuli A, Diaz B, Polcz V, Hai S, McKenney M, Boneva D. Operative versus non-operative therapy for acute phlegmon of the appendix: Is it safer? A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018 Jan 1;50:75–9.
Wray CJ, Kao LS, Millas SG, Tsao K, Ko TC. Acute Appendicitis: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Curr Probl Surg. 2013 Feb;50(2):54–86.
Rybkin A V., Thoeni RF. Current Concepts in Imaging of Appendicitis. Vol. 45, Radiologic Clinics of North America. 2007. p. 411–22.
Herrod PJJ, Kwok AT, Lobo DN. Three Centuries of Appendicectomy. Vol. 47, World Journal of Surgery. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; 2023. p. 928–36.
Harnoss JC, Zelienka I, Probst P, Grummich K, Müller-Lantzsch C, Harnoss JM, et al. Antibiotics Versus Surgical Therapy for Uncomplicated Appendicitis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials (PROSPERO 2015:CRD42015016882). Vol. 265, Annals of Surgery. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2017. p. 889–900.
Gavriilidis P, de’Angelis N, Katsanos K, Di Saverio S. Acute Appendicectomy or Conservative Treatment for Complicated Appendicitis (Phlegmon or Abscess)? A Systematic Review by Updated Traditional and Cumulative Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med Res. 2019;11(1):56–64.
Schuster KM, Holena DN, Salim A, Savage S, Crandall M. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma emergency general surgery guideline summaries 2018: acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute diverticulitis, acute pancreatitis, and small bowel obstructionAcute cholecystitis management guidelines summaryAcute colonic diverticulitis management guidelines summaryIntestinal obstruction due to adhesions guideline summaryAcute pancreatitis management guidelines summary. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2019 Mar;4(1):e000281.
Simillis C, Symeonides P, Shorthouse AJ, Tekkis PP. A meta-analysis comparing conservative treatment versus acute appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (abscess or phlegmon). Surgery. 2010 Jun;147(6):818–29.
Deelder JD, Richir MC, Schoorl T, Schreurs WH. How to Treat an Appendiceal Inflammatory Mass: Operatively or Nonoperatively? Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2014;18(4):641–5.
Akingboye AA, Mahmood F, Zaman S, Wright J, Mannan F, Yasen A, et al. Early versus delayed (interval) appendicectomy for the management of appendicular abscess and phlegmon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2042; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-020-02042-3
Wray CJ, Kao LS, Millas SG, Tsao K, Ko TC. Acute Appendicitis: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Curr Probl Surg. 2013 Feb;50(2):54–86.
Andersson M, Kolodziej B, Andersson RE. Validation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) Score. World J Surg. 2021 Jul 1;45(7):2081–91.
Sajid MS, Ray K, Hebbar M, Riaz W, Baig MK, Sains P, et al. South Coast appendicular mass management (SCAM) survey. Vol. 5, Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology. AME Publishing Company; 2020.
Demetrashvili Z, Kenchadze G, Pipia I, Khutsishvili K, Loladze D, Ekaladze E, et al. Comparison of treatment methods of appendiceal mass and abscess: A prospective Cohort Study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2019 Dec 1;48:48–52.
Helling TS, Soltys DF, Seals S. Operative versus non-operative management in the care of patients with complicated appendicitis. Am J Surg. 2017 Dec 1;214(6):1195–200.
dc.rights.en.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.local.spa.fl_str_mv Acceso abierto
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Acceso abierto
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Especialización en Cirugía General
dc.publisher.grantor.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad El Bosque
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina
institution Universidad El Bosque
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/8a0bddf8-4881-4d35-96e6-701290c87970/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/8d617db4-dacb-47f5-b58e-9786aa1158f4/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/05183e89-f5ca-49cf-8849-df3a46f7e323/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/9c8bee23-518f-4539-94a8-f672817f4bde/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/9e36b869-a359-4c8d-bb93-9b9593b92c84/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/a5035081-5085-4177-b796-3e2ce1ec02da/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/0fd09190-217a-4257-89bb-7354cd01a204/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 7fc81b9f55f2ce8c6bb73eed16590db7
17cc15b951e7cc6b3728a574117320f9
d84502e879897eb8a94a45a8bbcb6146
f020ea2f7ae5452d601f88925b051da3
3b6ce8e9e36c89875e8cf39962fe8920
46dda4c4e124e0854a2646e9d6b06495
3fe07f557ed8078840a88a57496870c7
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bibliotecas@biteca.com
_version_ 1814100809166618624
spelling Mendez, ErikaCabrera Vargas, FelipeMendoza Zucchini, AndresMuñoz Escandon, Ana MaríaMuñoz Escandon, Ana Maria [0000-0003-4287-7516]2024-08-06T19:36:46Z2024-08-06T19:36:46Z2024-07https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/12841instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coEvaluar los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes diagnosticas con apendicitis aguda complicada por plastrón apendicular que son tratados con apendicetomía vía laparoscópica de emergencia versus el manejo no operatorio. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de pacientes mayores de 18 años diagnosticados con apendicitis aguda complicada por plastrón apendicular tratados en Los COBOS Medical Center entre enero de 2019 y abril del 2023. Se realizo un análisis estadístico mediante la utilización del software estadístico SPSS. Se obtuvo una base de datos inicial de 772 pacientes, la cual se revisó detenidamente y se excluyeron 713 pacientes aplicando rigurosamente los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Del total de la muestra evaluada, el 91,5% (n=54) fue sometida a apendicetomía vía laparoscópica de emergencia y a manejo no operatorio de 8,5% (n=5) de la muestra total. Se compararon los dos grupos, se encontró mayor tiempo de hospitalización de los pacientes que recibieron manejo no operatorio (10,4 vs. 4,61 p =0,014), al igual que en el tiempo de antibioticoterapia (9,8 vs. 6,4 días p=0,025).Los Cobos Medical CenterEspecialista en Cirugía GeneralEspecializaciónEvaluate the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis complicated by appendiceal phlegmon who are treated with emergency laparoscopic appendectomy versus non-operative management. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with acute appendicitis complicated by appendiceal phlegmon treated at Los COBOS Medical Center between January 2019 and April 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. An initial database of 772 patients was obtained and carefully reviewed and 713 patients were excluded by rigorously applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the total sample evaluated, 91.5% (n=54) underwent emergency laparoscopic appendectomy and non-operative management of 8.5% (n=5) of the total sample. The two groups were compared, longer hospitalization time was found in patients who received non-operative management (10.4 vs. 4.61 p=0.014), as well as in antibiotic therapy time (9.8 vs. 6.4 days p=0.025).application/pdfAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Acceso abiertoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PlastrónApendicitisApendicetomíaColectomíaLaparoscopiaPhlegmonAppendicitisLaparoscopyColectomyAppendectomyWO 100Desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo y no operatorio del plastrón apendicularClinical outcomes of minimally invasive and non-operative surgical treatment of the appendiceal phlegmonEspecialización en Cirugía GeneralUniversidad El BosqueFacultad de MedicinaTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Especializaciónhttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaBhangu A, Søreide K, Di Saverio S, Assarsson JH, Drake FT. Acute appendicitis: Modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Vol. 386, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2015. p. 1278–87.Ahmed A, Feroz SH, Dominic JL, Muralidharan A, Thirunavukarasu P. Is Emergency Appendicectomy Better Than Elective Appendicectomy for the Treatment of Appendiceal Phlegmon?: A Review. Cureus. 2020 Dec 13;Di Saverio S, Podda M, De Simone B, Ceresoli M, Augustin G, Gori A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. Vol. 15, World Journal of Emergency Surgery. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2020.Cheng Y, Xiong X, Lu J, Wu S, Zhou R, Cheng N. Early versus delayed appendicectomy for appendiceal phlegmon or abscess. Vol. 2017, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2017.Hernández-Cortez J, De León-Rendón JL, Silvia Martínez-Luna M, David Guzmán-Ortiz J, Palomeque-López A, Cruz-López N, et al. Apendicitis aguda: revisión de la literatura Acute appendicitis: literature review [Internet]. Vol. 41, Cirujano General. 2019. Available from: www.medigraphic.com/cirujanogeneralwww.medigraphic.org.mxMoris D, Paulson EK, Pappas TN. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Appendicitis in Adults: A Review. Vol. 326, JAMA. American Medical Association; 2021. p. 2299–311.Elkbuli A, Diaz B, Polcz V, Hai S, McKenney M, Boneva D. Operative versus non-operative therapy for acute phlegmon of the appendix: Is it safer? A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018 Jan 1;50:75–9.Wray CJ, Kao LS, Millas SG, Tsao K, Ko TC. Acute Appendicitis: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Curr Probl Surg. 2013 Feb;50(2):54–86.Rybkin A V., Thoeni RF. Current Concepts in Imaging of Appendicitis. Vol. 45, Radiologic Clinics of North America. 2007. p. 411–22.Herrod PJJ, Kwok AT, Lobo DN. Three Centuries of Appendicectomy. Vol. 47, World Journal of Surgery. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; 2023. p. 928–36.Harnoss JC, Zelienka I, Probst P, Grummich K, Müller-Lantzsch C, Harnoss JM, et al. Antibiotics Versus Surgical Therapy for Uncomplicated Appendicitis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials (PROSPERO 2015:CRD42015016882). Vol. 265, Annals of Surgery. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2017. p. 889–900.Gavriilidis P, de’Angelis N, Katsanos K, Di Saverio S. Acute Appendicectomy or Conservative Treatment for Complicated Appendicitis (Phlegmon or Abscess)? A Systematic Review by Updated Traditional and Cumulative Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med Res. 2019;11(1):56–64.Schuster KM, Holena DN, Salim A, Savage S, Crandall M. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma emergency general surgery guideline summaries 2018: acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute diverticulitis, acute pancreatitis, and small bowel obstructionAcute cholecystitis management guidelines summaryAcute colonic diverticulitis management guidelines summaryIntestinal obstruction due to adhesions guideline summaryAcute pancreatitis management guidelines summary. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2019 Mar;4(1):e000281.Simillis C, Symeonides P, Shorthouse AJ, Tekkis PP. A meta-analysis comparing conservative treatment versus acute appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (abscess or phlegmon). Surgery. 2010 Jun;147(6):818–29.Deelder JD, Richir MC, Schoorl T, Schreurs WH. How to Treat an Appendiceal Inflammatory Mass: Operatively or Nonoperatively? Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2014;18(4):641–5.Akingboye AA, Mahmood F, Zaman S, Wright J, Mannan F, Yasen A, et al. Early versus delayed (interval) appendicectomy for the management of appendicular abscess and phlegmon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2042; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-020-02042-3Wray CJ, Kao LS, Millas SG, Tsao K, Ko TC. Acute Appendicitis: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Curr Probl Surg. 2013 Feb;50(2):54–86.Andersson M, Kolodziej B, Andersson RE. Validation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) Score. World J Surg. 2021 Jul 1;45(7):2081–91.Sajid MS, Ray K, Hebbar M, Riaz W, Baig MK, Sains P, et al. South Coast appendicular mass management (SCAM) survey. Vol. 5, Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology. AME Publishing Company; 2020.Demetrashvili Z, Kenchadze G, Pipia I, Khutsishvili K, Loladze D, Ekaladze E, et al. Comparison of treatment methods of appendiceal mass and abscess: A prospective Cohort Study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2019 Dec 1;48:48–52.Helling TS, Soltys DF, Seals S. Operative versus non-operative management in the care of patients with complicated appendicitis. Am J Surg. 2017 Dec 1;214(6):1195–200.spaORIGINALTrabajo de gradoTrabajo de gradoapplication/pdf1421441https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/8a0bddf8-4881-4d35-96e6-701290c87970/download7fc81b9f55f2ce8c6bb73eed16590db7MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82000https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/8d617db4-dacb-47f5-b58e-9786aa1158f4/download17cc15b951e7cc6b3728a574117320f9MD54Carta de autorización.pdfapplication/pdf206995https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/05183e89-f5ca-49cf-8849-df3a46f7e323/downloadd84502e879897eb8a94a45a8bbcb6146MD57Acta de grado.pdfapplication/pdf164830https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/9c8bee23-518f-4539-94a8-f672817f4bde/downloadf020ea2f7ae5452d601f88925b051da3MD58CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8899https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/9e36b869-a359-4c8d-bb93-9b9593b92c84/download3b6ce8e9e36c89875e8cf39962fe8920MD56TEXTTrabajo de grado.txtTrabajo de grado.txtExtracted texttext/plain60986https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/a5035081-5085-4177-b796-3e2ce1ec02da/download46dda4c4e124e0854a2646e9d6b06495MD59THUMBNAILTrabajo de grado.jpgTrabajo de grado.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2899https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/0fd09190-217a-4257-89bb-7354cd01a204/download3fe07f557ed8078840a88a57496870c7MD51020.500.12495/12841oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/128412024-08-08 03:06:01.715http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalembargo2029-08-05https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquebibliotecas@biteca.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