Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático

Esta obra práctica y actualizada expone los avances clínicos y neuropsicológicos sobre la esquizofrenia desde un acercamiento interdisciplinar, reconociendo las características de la enfermedad como punto de partida para su comprensión, prevención y manejo. Su propósito es servir de guía a los estud...

Full description

Autores:
Salazar Montes, Ana María
Pereira, Ángela Janeth
Tipo de recurso:
Book
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad El Bosque
Repositorio:
Repositorio U. El Bosque
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/9185
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/9185
Palabra clave:
Esquizofrenia-Tratamiento
Esquizofrenia-Diagnóstico
Trastornos mentales
Trastornos psiquiátricos
Drogas antipsicóticas-Efectividad
Schizophrenia-Treatment
Schizophrenia-Diagnosis
Mental disorders
Psychiatric disorders
Antipsychotic Drugs-Effectiveness
Rights
closedAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id UNBOSQUE2_8e17c79c1778071d303ccab2f0e1d647
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/9185
network_acronym_str UNBOSQUE2
network_name_str Repositorio U. El Bosque
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
title Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
spellingShingle Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
Esquizofrenia-Tratamiento
Esquizofrenia-Diagnóstico
Trastornos mentales
Trastornos psiquiátricos
Drogas antipsicóticas-Efectividad
Schizophrenia-Treatment
Schizophrenia-Diagnosis
Mental disorders
Psychiatric disorders
Antipsychotic Drugs-Effectiveness
title_short Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
title_full Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
title_fullStr Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
title_full_unstemmed Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
title_sort Esquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomático
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Salazar Montes, Ana María
Pereira, Ángela Janeth
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Salazar Montes, Ana María
Pereira, Ángela Janeth
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Esquizofrenia-Tratamiento
Esquizofrenia-Diagnóstico
Trastornos mentales
Trastornos psiquiátricos
Drogas antipsicóticas-Efectividad
topic Esquizofrenia-Tratamiento
Esquizofrenia-Diagnóstico
Trastornos mentales
Trastornos psiquiátricos
Drogas antipsicóticas-Efectividad
Schizophrenia-Treatment
Schizophrenia-Diagnosis
Mental disorders
Psychiatric disorders
Antipsychotic Drugs-Effectiveness
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Schizophrenia-Treatment
Schizophrenia-Diagnosis
Mental disorders
Psychiatric disorders
Antipsychotic Drugs-Effectiveness
description Esta obra práctica y actualizada expone los avances clínicos y neuropsicológicos sobre la esquizofrenia desde un acercamiento interdisciplinar, reconociendo las características de la enfermedad como punto de partida para su comprensión, prevención y manejo. Su propósito es servir de guía a los estudiantes y profesionales de la salud en el quehacer diario con pacientes esquizofrénicos. Además de datos epidemiológicos e información sobre factores de riesgo genéticos y psicosociales y sobre programas de intervención que han mostrado ser eficaces, presenta una explicación etiológica basada en un modelo biológico que contempla la morfología cerebral, las alteraciones neuroquímicas y los perfiles cognitivos.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-11T19:18:40Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-11T19:18:40Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv book
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Libro completo
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/book
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33
dc.identifier.isbn.none.fl_str_mv 9789587392821
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/9185
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
identifier_str_mv 9789587392821
instname:Universidad El Bosque
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/9185
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Abadía, M., Chesa, D., Izquierdo, E., Fernández, E., & Sitjas, M. (2003). Eficacia de la rehabilitación cognitive en la esquizofrenia: una revisión. Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 86, 91-103. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_ arttext&pid=S0211-57352003000200007
Abel, K. M., Drake, R., & Goldstein, J. M. (2010). Sex differences in schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(5), 417-428. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441
Addington, J., & Addington, D. (2000). Neurocognition in first episode schizophrenia: A 2 year follow-up. Schizophrenia Research, 41, 271-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-002-0391-4
Addington, J., Piskulic, D., & Marshall, C. (2010). Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(4), 260-263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410377743
Agerbo, E., Sullivan, P. F., Vilhjalmsson, B. J., Pedersen, C. B., Mors, O., Børglum, A. D., ... & Ripke, S. (2015). Polygenic risk score, parental socioeconomic status, family history of psychiatric disorders, and the risk for schizophrenia: a Danish population-based study and meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 72(7), 635-641. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0346
Andreasen, N., Carpenter, W., Kane, J., Lasser, R., Marderz, S., & Weinberger., D. (2005). Remission in Schizophrenia: Proposed Criteria and Rationale for Consensus. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 441,449. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441
Andreasen, N., & Ronald, P. (2008). The role of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia. Biology Psychiatry, 64(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.003
Andreasen, N., & Olsen, S. (1982). Negative v positive schizophrenia: Definition and validation. Archives of General Psychiatry, (39), 789-94. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006
Arnold, S. (1999). Cognition and neuropathology in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 99(395), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb05982.x
Ayesa-Arriola, R., Pérez-Iglesias, R., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. M., Pardo-García, G., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Vásquez- Barquero, J., & Crespo-Facorro, B. (2013).. Predictors of neurocognitive impairment at 3 years after a first episode non-affective psychosis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 43, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.012
American Psychiatric Association (1995). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-IV versión en Español. Masson S.A. http://www.mdp.edu.ar/psicologia/psico/cendoc/archivos/Dsm-IV.Castellano.1995.pdf
American Psychiatric Association (2002). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-. Médica Panamericana.
American Psychiatric Association (2014). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-5. Médica Panamericana.
Artigue, J., & Tizón, J. (2014). Una revisión sobre los factores de riesgo en la infancia para la esquizofrenia y trastornos mentales graves del adulto. Atención primaria, 46(7), 336-356
Ashdown, H., Dumont, Y., Ng. M., Poole, S., Boksa, P., & Luheshi, G. (2006). The role of cytokines in mediating effects of prenatal infection on the fetus: inplications for schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001748
Barlati, S., Deste, G., De Peri, L., Ariu, C., & Vita, A. (2013). Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/156084
Barak, S. (2009). Modeling cholinergic aspects of schizophrenia: focus on the antimuscarinic syndrome. Behavioural Brain Research, 204(2), 335-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.04.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.04.006
Barlow, D., & Durand, M. (2012). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach. Wadsworth.
Bechi, M., Bosia, M., Spangaro, M., Buonocore, M., Cocchi, F., Pigoni, A. Piantanida, M., Guglielmino, C., Bianchi, L., Smeraldi, E. & Cavallaro, R. (2015). Combined social cognitive and neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies in schizophrenia: Neuropsychological and psychopathological influences on Theory of Mind improvement. Psychological Medicine, 45(15), 3147-3157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001129
Belloch, A. (2008). Manual de psicopatología. II. Mc Graw Hill.
Bechdolf, A., Wagner, M., Ruhrmann, S., Harrigan, S., Putzfeld, V., Pukrop, R., Brockhaus-Dumke, A., Berning, J., Janssen, B., Decker, P., Bottlender, R., Maurer, K., Möller, H. J., Gaebel, W., Häfner, H., Maier, W., & Klosterkötter, J. (2012). Preventing progression to first-episode psychosis in early initial prodromal states. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp. bp.109.066357
Bilder, R. Goldman, R. Robinson, D., Reiter, G., Bell, L., & Bates, J. (2000). Neuropsychology of first episode schizophrenia: initial characterizacion and clinical correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(4), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.549
Bora, E., Yalincetin, B., Akdede, B. B., & Alptekin, K. (2018). Duración de la psicosis no tratada y la neurocognición en el primer episodio de psicosis: Metaanálisis. Schizophrenia Research, 193, 3-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.021
Boatas, F., Solivellas, A., Méndez, I., Burrillo, I., Cubero, L., Jesús, R., et al. (2007). Programa PAPEP: Implantación de un programa de atención a primeros episodios psicóticos. Informaciones Psiquiátricas (187), 19-36.
Bourque, F., Van der Ven, E., & Malla, A. (2011). A meta-analysis of the risk for psychotic disorders among first – and second – generation inmigrants. Psychological Medicine, 41, 897-910
Bleuler, E. (1911). Dementia praecox, oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Leipzig: Version Online New York: International Universities Press.
Biswas, P., Malhotra, S., Malhotra, A., & Gupta, N. (2007) Comparative study of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia with onset in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115(4), 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00901.x
Boksa, P. (2012). Abnormal synaptic pruning in schizophrenia: Urban myth or reality? Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN, 37(2), 75. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.120007
Burns, J. (2006). La hipótesis del cerebro social en la esquizofrenia. World Psychiatry, 4(2), 77-81.
Bustos, M. (2008). Núcleo accumbens y el sistema motivacional a cargo del apego. Revista Chilena de Neuro-psiquiatría, 46(3), 207-215.
Bruton, C., Crow, T., Frith, C., Johnstone, E., Owens, D., & Roberts, G. (1990) Schizophrenia and the brain: a prospective clinical-neuropathological study. Psycholical Medicine, 20(2), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700017608
Braff, D. L., Ryan, J., Rissling, A. J., & Carpenter, W. T. (2013). Lack of use in the literature from the last 20 years supports dropping traditional schizophrenia subtypes from DSM-5 and ICD-11. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(4), 751-753. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbt068
Canty, A. L., Neumann, D. L., & Shum, D. H. K. (2017). Uso de la realidad virtual para evaluar los subprocesos de la teoría de la mente y los tipos de error en la esquizofrenia temprana y crónica. Investigación sobre la esquizofrenia: Cognition, 10, 15-19.
Candida, M., Campos, C., Monteiro, B., Barbosa, N., PaesI, F., NardiI, A., & Machado, M. (2016). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: an overview on efficacy, recent trends and neurobiological findings. MedicalExpress, 3(5), https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2016.05.01
Campanella, S., & Guerit, J. (2009). How clinical neurophysiology may contribute to the understanding of a psychiatric disease such as schizophreniaApport de la neurophysiologie clinique à la compréhension d’un trouble psychiatrique tel que la schizophrénie. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 39(1) 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2008.12.002
Canetta, S. E., & Brown, A. S. (2012). Prenatal infection, maternal immune activation, and risk for schizophrenia. Translational neuroscience, 3(4), 320-327. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13380-012-0045-6
Cano, J., Córdoba, R., Fierro, M., Cendales, R., Olmos, L., Alzate, M., & Olarte, A. F. (2007). Factores que determinan la gravedad de presentación clínica del primer episodio psicótico. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 36 (1).
Carbon, M., & Correll, C. U. (2014). Clinical predictors of therapeutic response to antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 16(4), 505. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2014.16.4/mcarbon
Cardet, E., Álvarez, E., & Reyes, V. (2013). Genetic and Nongenetic Risk Factors Associated with Schizophrenia. Correo Científico Médico, 17(2). https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=42926
Casanova, M. F. (2009). La esquizofrenia como condición neurológica debida a un fallo en la lateralización del cerebro: observaciones macro y microscópicas. Revista de Neurología. 49(3), 136-42.
Charernboon, T., & Patumanond, J. (2017). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Mental Illness, 9, 7054. https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2017.7054
Chong, H., Teoh, S., Wu, D., Kotirum, S., Chiou, C., & Chaiyakunapruk N. (2016). Global economic burden of schizophrenia: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 357-373. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S96649
Clinton, S., & Meador-Woodruff, J. (2004). Abnormalities of the NMDA Receptor and Associated Intracellular Molecules in the Thalamus in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(7), 1353-1362.
Compton, M., Chan, R., Walker, E., & Buckley, P. (2011). Minor physical anomalies: potentially informative vestiges of fetal developmental disruptions in schizophrenia. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 29(3), 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.10.006
Coyle, J., Tsai, G., & Goff, D. (2006). Converging Evidence of NMDA Receptor Hypofunction in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1003, 318-327.
Cowan, W., Kopnisky, K., & Imán, S. (2002). The Human Genome Proyect and its Impact on Psychiatry. Annual Reviews, 25, 1-50. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142853
Cuesta, M., Peralta., V., & Zarzuela, A. (2007). Empirical validation of competing definitions of schizophrenia: A poly-diagnostic study of cognitive impairment in non-affective psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 1(3), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.06.021
Cuesta, M., Peralta., V., & Zarzuela, A. (2000). Neuropsicología y Esquizofrenia. Anales Navarra, 23(1), 59-62.
Davidson, M., Reichenberg, A., Rabinowitz, J., Weiser, M., & Kaplan, Z. (1999). Behavioural and intellectual markers for schizophrenia in apparently healthy male adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(9), 1328-1335.
D’Amato, T., Dalery, J., Rochet, T., Terra, J., & Marie-Cardine, M. (1991). Saisons de naissance et psychiatry. Etude retrospective dúne population hospitalarie. Encephale, 17(2), 67-71.
Dhindsa, R., & Golstein, D. (2016). From genetics to physiology at last. Nature, 530, 162-163. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16874 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16874?not-changed#affil-auth
Eack, S., Greenwald, D., Hogarty, S., Cooley, S., DiBarry, A., Montrose, D., & Keshavan, M. (2009). Cognitive enhancement therapy for early-course schizophrenia: effects of a two-year randomized controlled trial. Psychiatric Services, 60(11), 1468-1476. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.60.11.1468
Eggers, A. (2013). A serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia. Medical hypotheses, 80(6), 791-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.013
Fabre, D., Vehier, A., Chesnoy, G., Gouiller, N., D’Amato, T., & Saoud, M. (2015). From Theory to PrACTice: A Cognitive Remediation Program Based on a Neuropsychological Model of Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6(1), 169. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00169
Fatemi, S., & Folsom, T. (2009). The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, revisited. Schizophrenia bulletin, 35(3), 528-548. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn187
Fernández, C., Fombellida, C., Montero, C. (2014). Terapia de activación conductual para síntomas negativos de la esquizofrenia: a propósito de un caso. Norte de salud mental, 12, (49), 76-81.
Franco, J. G., Valero, J., & Labad, A. (2010). Minor physical anomalies and schizophrenia: literature review. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 38(6), 365-371. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/65ba/e0fd5cc1 37985d871ca87af73f875269ba89.pdf
Font, M., Parellada, E., Fernandez-Egea, E., Bernardo, M., & Lomeña, F. (2003). Neuroimagen funcional de las alucinaciones auditivas en la esquizofrenia. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 31(1), 3-9.
Galván, M. (2013). Papel de la enfermería en la adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con esquizofrenia [Tesis de grado]. Universidad de Valladolid. http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/5177
Galderisi, S., Rossi, A., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Mucci, A., Bucci, P. et al. (2014). Italian Network For Research on Psychoses. The influence of illness-related variables, personal resources and context-related factors on real-life functioning of people with schizophrenia. World Psychiatry 13, 275-287 https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20167
García-Anaya, M., Apiquian, R., & Fresán, A. (2006). Filtrado sensorial y P50: Implicaciones para la neurobiología de la esquizofrenia. Salud Mental, 29(1), 64-70. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=13941
García, P., Moreno, A., Freund, N., & Lahera, G. (2012). Factores asociados a la emoción expresada familiar en esquizofrenia: implicaciones terapéuticas. Rev Asociación española de Neuropsiquiatria, 32(116), 739-756. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0211-57352012000400005.
Gejman, P. V., Sanders, A. R., & Duan, J. (2010). The role of genetics in the etiology of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics, 33(1), 35-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2009.12.003
Geyer, M., & Vollenweider, F. (2008). Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses. Trens in Pharmacological Sciences, 29(9), 445-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006
Grace, A. (1991). Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: A hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia. Neuroscience, 41(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(91)90196-u
Green, M., Horan, W., & Lee, J. (2015). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16, 620-631. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn4005
Gross, G., Huber, G., & Klosterkötter, J. (1998). The early phase of schizophrenia and prediction of outcome. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13(1), 13-21.
Gruzelier, J., Wilson, L., Liddiard, D., Peters, E., & Pusavat, L. (1999). Cognitive Asymmetry Patterns in Schizophrenia: Active and Withdrawn Syndromes and Sex Differences as Moderators. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25(2), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033383
Gómez, Macías., De Cós, A., Ruíz de la Hermosa, L., & Sala, C. (2007). Psiquiatria.com. http://www.psiquiatria.com/psiq_general_y_otras_areas/urgencias_psiq/suicidio-ypsicopatologia/.
Goldstein, G., & Halperin, K. (1977). Neuropsychological differences among subtypes of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(96)00019-9
Gold S., Arndt S., Nopoulos P., O´Leary D., & Andreasen N. (1999). Estudio longitudinal de la función cognitiva en la esquizofrenia de aparición reciente y en el primer brote esquizofrénico. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(9), 1342-1348.
Golembo-Smith, S., Walder, D. J., Daly, M. P., Mittal, V. A., Kline, E., Reeves, G., & Schiffman, J. (2012). The presentation of dermatoglyphic abnormalities in schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review. Schizophrenia research, 142(1-3), 1-11. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.002
Gschwandtner, U., Zimmermann, R., Pflueger, M., Riecher-Rossler, A., & Puhr, P. (2009). Negative Symptoms in neuroleptic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis correlate with QEEG parameters. Schizophrenia Research, 115(2), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.06.013
Gur, R., Maany, V., Mozley, P., Swanson, C., Bilker, W., & Gur, R. (1998). Subcortical MRI volumes in neuroleptic-naive and treated patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(12), 1711-1717. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.12.1711
Gutiérrez, J., Caqueo-Urizar, A., & Kavanagh, J. (2005). Burden of care and general health in families of patients with schizophrenia. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(11), 899-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0963-5
Gupta A. K., Swarnkar, S., Kumar, G. K., Goyal, V., Chadda, R. K., & Hariprasad, G. (2017). Dopamine based Pharmacotherapeutics of Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s Disease: Two Ends of One Spectrum. Ann Pharmacol Pharm, 2(21), 1109.
Haddad, P. M., Brain, C., & Scott, J. (2014). Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies. Patient Related Outcome Measures, 5, 43. https://doi.org/10.2147/PROM.S42735
Hales, R., & Yudofsky, S. (2006). Tratado de Psiquiatría clínica. Elsevier.
Haslam, J. (1809). Observations on madness and melancholy: including practical remarks on those diseases; together with cases: and an account of the morbid appeareces on dissection. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Hasson, O., Kravetz, S., Roe, D., David, A., & Weiser, W. (2006). Nsigth into psychosis and quality of life. Compr Psychiatry, 47, 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.08.006
Haigong, L., Zhening, L., Meng, L., Yihui, H, Lihua, T., Fan, K., Yi, Y., Xu, L., Jiang, D., & Tianzi, J. (2006). Decreased regional homogeneity in schizophrenia: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. NeuroReport, 17(1), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000195666.22714.35
Heath, R., Franklin, D., & Shraberg, D. (1979). Gross pathology of the cerebellum in patient diagnosed and treated as functional psychiatric disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 167(10), 585-592. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197910000-00001
Herold, C., Lässer, M., Schmid, L., Seidl, U., Kong, L., Fellhauer, I., Thomann, P. A., Esigg, M. & Schroder, J. (2015). Neuropsychology, Autobiographical Memory, and Hippocampal Volume in “Younger” and “Older” Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psycgiatry, 6, 53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00053
Helleke, E., Hulshoff, P., & kahn, R. (2008). What Happens After the First Episode? A Review of Progressive Brain Changes in Chronically Ill Patients With Schizophrenia. Schizoprhenia Bolletin, 34(2), 354-366. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm168
Higashi, K., Medic, G., Littlewood, K. J., Diez, T., Granström, O., & De Hert, M. (2013). Medication adherence in schizophrenia: factors influencing adherence and consequences of nonadherence, a systematic literature review. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 3(4), 200-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125312474019
Hirjak, D., Wolf, R. C., Wilder-Smith, E. P., Kubera, K. M., & Thomann, P. A. (2015). Motor abnormalities and basal ganglia in schizophrenia: evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging. Brain topography, 28(1), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0377-3
Hirayasu, Y., McCarley, R., Salisbury, D., Tanaka, S., Kwon, J., Frumin, M., … Shenton, M. (2000). Planum temporale and Heschl gyrus volume reduction in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study of first-episode patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57(7), 692-699. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.57.7.692
Ho, B., Andreasen, N., Nopoulos, P., Arndt, S., Magnotta, V., & Flaum, M. (2006). Progressive structural Brain Abnormalities and Their Relationship to Clinical Outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(6), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.6.585 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12796222/
Ho, B. C., Andreasen, N. C., Ziebell, S., Pierson, R., & Magnotta, V. (2011). Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(2), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199
Hofer, A., Bodner, T., Kaufmann, A., Kemmler, G., Mattarei, U., Pfaffenberger, N., Rettenbacher., M. A., Trebo, E., Yalcin, N., & Fleischhacker, W. (2011). Symptomatic remission and neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 41, 2131-2139. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000353
Hoftman, G., & Lewis, D. (2011). Postnatal Developmental Trajectories of Neural Circuits in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex: Identifying Sensitive Periods for Vulnerability to Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 37(3), 493-503. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbr029
Howes, O. D., Vergunst, F., Gee, S., McGuire, P., Kapur, S., & Taylor, D. (2012). Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice: study of antipsychotic treatment prior to clozapine initiation. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 201(6), 481-485. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.105833
Hwu, H., Yeh, E., & Chang, L. (1989). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Taiwan defined by the Chinese Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 79, 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb08581.x
Insel, T. R. (2010). Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature, 468(7321), 187. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09552
Instituto Nacional de estadística España (INE). (2016). El desempleo de personas con discapacidad. http://www.ine.es/prensa/np1012.pdf
Jauhar, S., McKenna, P., Radua, J., Fung, E., Salvador, R., & Laws, K. (2014). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis with examination of potential bias. Br. J. Psychiatry, 204 (1), 20-2. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.116285.
Jardri, R., Pouchet, A., Pins, D., & Thomas, P. (2011). Cortical activations during auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: a coordinate-based meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101522
Jeste, D., McAdams, L., Palmer, B., Braff, D., Jernigan, T., Paulsen, J., Heaton, R. (1998). Relationship of neuropsychological and MRI measures to age of onset of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98(2), 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10058.x
Joyce, E. M. (2013). Función cognitiva en la esquizofrenia: ideas de la investigación de inteligencia. Psychiatry, 203, 161-162. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3315/331549488005.pdf
Javitt, D., Spencer, K., Thaker, G., Winterer, G., & Hajos, M. (2008). Neurophysiological biomarkers for drug development in schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 7, 68, 83. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2463
Johannesen, J., Bodkins, M., O’ Donell, B., Shekhar, A., & Hetrick, W. (2008). Perceptual anomalies in schizophrenia co-occur with selective impairments in the gamma frequency component of midlatency auditory ERPs. Journal of abnormal Psychology, 117, 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.106
Julca, L. (2017). Asociación entre anomalías físicas menores de manos y pies en esquizofrénicos. [Tesis. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Perú]. http://repositorio.upao.edu.pe/handle/upaorep/2634
Kasper S. (2006). Optimisation of long-term treatment in schizophrenia: treating the true spectrum of symptoms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. Suppl 3, 135-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.06.004.
Keefe, R. (1995). The contribution of Neuropsychology to Psychiatry. American Journal of Psichiatry, 152, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.1.6
Keshavan, M., Tandon, R., Boutros, N., & Nasrallah, H. (2008). Schizophrenia, “just the facts”: What we know in 2008 Part 3: Neurobiology. Schizofrenia Research, 106, 89-107.
Kraepelin, E. (1919). Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia. Medical Book
Kempton, M. J., Stahl, D., Williams, S. C., & DeLisi, L. E. (2010). Progressive lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies. Schizophrenia Research, 120(1-3), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.036
Keshavan, M., Tandon, R., Boutros, N., & Nasrallah, H. (2008). Schizophrenia, “just the facts”: What we know in 2008 Part 3: Neurobiology. Schizofrenia Research, 106, 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.020
Keshavan, M. S., Kulkarni, S. R., Bhojraj, T., Francis, A., Diwadkar, V., Montrose, D. M., Seidman, L. & Sweeney, J. (2010). Premorbid cognitive deficits in young relatives of schizophrenia patients. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 3, 62. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.062.2009
Kerns, J., Cohen, J., MacDonald, A., Johnson, M., Stenger, A., Aizenstein, H., & Carter, C. (2005). Decreased Conflict- and Error-Related Activity in the Anterior Cingulate Córtex in Subjects With Schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1833-1839. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1833
Kim, D. J., Kent, J. S., Bolbecker, A. R., Sporns, O., Cheng, H., Newman, S. D. ... & Hetrick, W. P. (2014). Disrupted modular architecture of cerebellum in schizophrenia: a graph theoretic analysis. Schizophrenia bulletin, 40(6), 1216-1226. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu059
Kirkpatrick, B., Herrera, S., & Vázquez-Barquero, J. (2002). Summer birth and déficit schizophrenia: Cantabria, Spain. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(8), 526-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NMD.0000026651.84640.73
Kondziella, D., Brenner, E., Eyjolfsson, E., & Sonnewald, U. (2007). How do glial-neuronal interactions fit into current neurotransmitter hypotheses of schizophrenia? Neurochemistry International, 50(2), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2006.09.006
Kristiansem, L., & Meador-Woodruff, J. (2005). Abnormal striatal expression of transcripts encoding NMDA interacting PSD proteins in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. Schizophrenia Research, 78(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.06.012
Kozlovsky, N., Shanon-Weickert, C., Tomaskovic-Crook, E., Kleinman, J., Belmaker, R., & Agam, G. (2004). Reduced GSK-3ß mRNA levels in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal córtex of schizophrenic patients. Journal of Neural Transmission, 11(12), 1583-1592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-004-0166-3
Kucukalic, A., Dzubur – Kulenovic, A., & Mehmedika - Suljic E. (2007). Relapse prevention in schizophrenia - new therapeutic challenges. Psychiatria Danubina, 19(4), 362-6.
Kurzban, S., Davis, L., & Brekke, J. S. (2010). Vocational, social, and cognitive rehabilitation for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia: a review of recent research and trends. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12(4):345-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-010-0129-3
Kremen, W., Buka, S., Seidman, L., Goldstein, J., Koren, D., & Tsuang, M. (1998). IQ decline during childhood and adult psychotic symptoms in a community sample: a 19 years longitudinal study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(5), 672-677. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.5.672
Kyziridis, T. C. (2005). Notes on the history of schizophrenia. German Journal of Psychiatry, 8(3), 42-48. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-09427-004
Lawrie, S. Whalley, H., Abukmeil, S., Kestelman, J., Donnelly, L., Miller., Best, J. K., Cunningham, D., & Johnstone, E. (2001). Brain structure, genetic liability, and psychotic symptoms in subjects at high risk of developing schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 49(10), 811- 823. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01117-3
Lencz, T., Bilder, R., & Cornblatt, B. (2001). The timing of neurodevelopmental abnormality in schizophrenia: an integrative review of the neuroimaging literature. CNS Spectrums, 6(3), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900008610
Lee, S., Namkoong, K., Cho, H., Son, D., & An, S. (2010). Reduced visual P300 amplitudes in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and first-episode schizophrenia. Neuroscience Letters, 486, 156-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.035
Lennertz, L., An der Heiden, W., Kronacher, R., Schulze-Rauschenbach, S., Maier, W., Häfner, H., & Wagner, M. (2016). Smaller than expected cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients from the population-representative ABC catchment cohort. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 266(5), 423-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-015-0625-x
Leroy, A., Amad, A., D’Hondt, F., Pins, D., Jaafari, N., Thomas, P., & Jardri, R. (2020). Reward anticipation in schizophrenia: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 218, 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.041
Li, W., Yang, Y., An, F., Zhang, L., Ungvari, G., Jackson, T., Yuan, Z., & Xiang, T. (2020). Prevalence of comorbid depression in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal Of Affective Disorders, 273, 524-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.056
Lieberman, R., & Kopelwicz, A. (2004). Un enfoque empírico de la recuperación de la esquizofrenia: definir la recuperación e identificar los factores que pueden facilitarla. Rehabilitación Psicosocial, 1(1), 12-29.
Lisman, J., Coyle, J., Green, R., Javitt, D., Benes, F., Heckers, S., & Grace, A. (2008). Circuit-based framework for understanding neurotransmitter and risk gene interactions in schizophrenia. Trends in Neurosciences, 31(5), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.005
Li, M., Chen, Z., Deng, W., He, Z., Wang, Q., Jiang, L., Wang, Y., Chua, S.E., Cheung, C., McAlonan, G. M., Sham, P.C., Collier, D.A. Gong, W, & Li, T. (2012). Volume increases in putamen associated with positive symptom reduction in previously drug-naive schizophrenia after 6 weeks antipsychotic treatment. Psychological medicine, 42(7), 1475-1483. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002157
Lysaker P., & Salyers, M. (2007). Anxiety symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: associations with social function, positive and negative symptoms, hope and trauma history. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116(4), 290-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01067.x
López-Figueroa, A., Norton, C., López-Figueroa, M., Armellini- Dodel, D., Burke, S., Akil, H., López, J., & Watson, S. (2004). Serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in subjects with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 55(3), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.017
Louise, S., Fitzpatrick, M., Strauss, C., Rossell, S., & Thomas, N. (2018). Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for psychosis: Our current understanding and a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 192, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.023
Malla, A., Williams, R., Kopala, L. Smith, G., & Talling, D. (2006). Outcome on quality of life in a Canadian national sample of patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113, 22- 28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00758.x
Márquez, A. (2004). Psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología II. Polemo.
Medalia, A., & Freilich B. (2008). The neuropsychological educational approach to cognitive remediation (NEAR) model: practice principles and outcome studies. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 11(2), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487760801963660
Melero, A. R., & Yela, J. R. (2014). Análisis de la investigación sobre mindfulness entre 2008-2012. Una aproximación a través del análisis bibliométrico. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 4(1), 63-72 https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3498/349851787008.pdf
Méndez, I., Boatas, F., Solivellas, A., Burillo, I., Rodriguez, M., & Garrido, E. (2006). Early detection for early attention: the role of primary care in the care of first episode psychosis. An experience in baix llobregat, catalunya (spain). Schizophrenia Research, 86, 120. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbl005
Meisenzhal, E. Frodl, T., Zetzsche, T., Leisinger, G., Heiss, D., Maag, K., Hegerl,U., Hahn, K., & Möller, H. (2000). Adhesio interthalamica in male patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(5), 823-825. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.823
Messias, E., Kirkpatrick, B., Bromet, E., Ross, D., Buchanan, R., Carpenter, W., Tek, C, Kendler, K. Walsh, D., & Dollfus, S. (2004). Summer Birth and Deficit Schizophrenia: A Pooled Analysis From 6 Countries. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(10), 985-989. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.10.985
McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J. (2008). Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn001
McGlashan, T., & Johannessen, J. (1996). Early detection and intervention with schizophrenia: rationale. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(2), 201-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/22.2.201
McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T., & Pascaris A. (2005). Cognitive training and supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: one-year results from a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Bull, 31(4), 898-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi037
Minzenberg, M., Laird, A., Thelen, S., Carter, C., & Glahn, D. (2009). Meta-analysis of 41 Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Executive Function in Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(8), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.91
Mitchell, R., Elliot, R., & Woodruff, P. (2001). fMRI and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Trends in Neurocognitive Sciences, 5(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01599-0
Ministerio de Salud Colombiano (2013). En Colombia la prevalencia de la esquizofrenia representa el 1% de la población. Boletín de prensa 335. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/esquizofrenia-representa-el-1-poblacion.aspx
Milev, P., Choon-Ho, B., Arndt, S., & Andreasen, N. (2005). Predictive Values of Neurocognition and Negative Symptoms on Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal First-Episode Study With 7-Year Follow-Up. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.495
Mortimer, A. (2007). Relationship between estrogen and schizophrenia. Expert Reviews, 7(1), 45-55.
Moskowitz, A., & Heim, G. (2011). Eugen Bleuler’s dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (1911): a centenary appreciation and reconsideration. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37(3), 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbr016
Modinos, G., Costafreda, S. G., Van Tol, M. J., McGuire, P. K., Aleman, A., & Allen, P. (2013). Neuroanatomy of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: a quantitative meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Cortex, 49(4), 1046-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.009
Monchablon, A., Derito, N. C., & Martínez, G. (2006). Inicio y curso del proceso esquizofrénico. Revista Argentina de Clínica Neuropsiquiátrica, 3(13).
Murray, R., Grech, A., Phillips, P., & Johnson, S. (2003). What is the relationship between substance abuse and schizophrenia?. En R. M. Murray, P. B. Jones, E. Susser, , J. van Os, & M. Cannon (Eds). The Epidemiology of Schizophrenia. (pp. 3317-3422). Cambridge University Press.
Mueser, K. T., Deavers, F., Penn, D. L., & Cassisi, J. E. (2013). Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Annual review of clinical psychology, 9, 465-497. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185620
National Institute of Mental Health (2017). Schizophrenia December 2020 nimh » Schizophrenia (nih.gov)
National Institute of Mental Health (2008). Recovery after an initial schizophrenia episode RA1SE. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia
Narr, K., Bilder, R., Luders, E., Thompson, P., Woods, R., Robinson, D., Szeszko, R. Dimtcheva, T., Gurbani, M., & Toga, A. (2007). Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia. Neuroimage, 34(1), 939-948. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuroimage. 2006.08.052
Pino, O., Guilera, G., Gómez-Benito, J., Najas-García, A., Rufián, S., & Rojo, E. (2014). Neurodevelopment or neurodegeneration: review of theories of schizophrenia. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 42(4):185-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25017496/
Nakamura, M., Nestor, P., Levitt, J., Cohen, A., Kawashima, T., Shenton, M., & McCarley, R. (2008). Orbitofrontal volume deficit in schizophrenia and thought disorder. Brain, 131(1), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm265
Nesvåg, R., Bergmann, Ø., Rimol, L. M., Lange, E. H., Haukvik, U. K., Hartberg, C. B., Fagerberg, T., Söderman E., Jönsson, E., & artz, I. (2012). A 5-year follow-up study of brain cortical and subcortical abnormalities in a schizophrenia cohort. Schizophrenia research, 142(1-3), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.004
Novick, D., Haro, J., Suarez, D., Pérez, V., Dittmann, R., & Haddad, P. (2010). Predictors and clinical consequences of non-adherence with antipsychotic medication in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 176(2-3), 109 -113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.05.004
Obiols, J., & Vicens-Vilanova, J. (2003). Etiología y Signos de Riesgo en la Esquizofrenia. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 3(2), 235-250.
Ocklenburg, S., Güntürkün, O., Hugdahl, K., & Hirnstein, M. (2015). Laterality and mental disorders in the postgenomic age–A closer look at schizophrenia and language lateralization. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 59, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.019
Owen, M. J., O’donovan, M. C., Thapar, A., & Craddock, N. (2011). Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. The British journal of psychiatry, 198(3), 173-175. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084384
Owen, M. J., O’Donovan, M. C., & Harrison, P. J. (2005). Schizophrenia: a genetic disorder of the synapse? BMJ, 330(7484), 158-159. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7484.158
Pacheco, A., & Raventos, H. (2004). Genética de la esquizofrenia: avances en el estudio de genes candidatos. Revista de Biología Tropical, 52(3), 467-473.
Pankow, A., Friedel, E., Sterzer, P., Seiferth, N., Walter, H., Heinz, A., & Schlagenhauf, F. (2013). Altered amygdala activation in schizophrenia patients during emotion processing. Schizophrenia research, 150(1), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.015
Passingham, R., Toni, I., & Rushworth, M. (2000). Specialisation within the prefrontal córtex: the ventral prefrontal córtex and associative learning. Experimental Brain Research, 133(1) 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210000405
Pei-Chi, T., Jen-Chuen, H., Cheng-Ta, L., Ya-Mai, B., & Tung-Ping, S. (2012). Cortico-striatal disconnection within the cingulo-opercular network in schizophrenia revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity analysis: A resting fMRI study. Neuroimage, 59(1), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.086
Pekka, T., Lyman, C., Laksy, K., Juha, M., Pentti, N., Sorri, A., Lahti, L., &, Wahlberg, K. (2003). Genetic Boundaries of the schizophrenia Spectrum: Evidence from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(9), 1587-159. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1587
Pelayo, J., Pérez, R., Ramírez, M., González, C., Martínez, O., Pardo, Rodríguez-Sánchez, J.M., Roiz-Santiáñez, R., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Mata, I., Vázquez-Barquero, J.L., & Crespo-Facorro, B. (2008). Epidemiological factors associated with treated incidence of first-episode non-affective psychosis in Cantabria: insights from the Clinical Programme on Early Phases of Psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 2(3), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2008.00074.x
Peralta, V., & Cuesta, M. J. (2011). Eugen Bleuler and the schizophrenias: 100 years after. Schizophrenia bulletin, 37(6), 1118-1120. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbr126
Petkari, E. (2010). Determinantes longitudinales de calidad e vida en esquizofrenia. Un análisis prospectivo del estudio EUNOMIA. Editorial de la universidad de Granada.
Petkari, E., Salazar-Montes, A.M., Kallert, T., Priebe, S., Fiorillo, A., Raboch, J., Onchev, G., Anastasia, K, Nawka, A. Dembinskas, A. Kiejna, A., Kjellin, L., Torres-González, F., & Cervilla, J. (2011). Acute psychopathology as a predictor of global functioning in patients with ICD-10 non-affective psychosis: A prospective study in 11 European countries. Schizophrenia Research, 131(1-3), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.05.012
Penn, D., Sanna, L., & Roberts, D. (2008). Social Cognition in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), 408-411. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn014
Pillman, F., & Marneros, A. (2003). Brief and acute psychosis, the development of concepts. History of Psychiatry, 14(2), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154x030142002
Picard, H., Amado, Yo., Mouchet-Mages, S., Olie, J., & Krebs, M. (2008). The Role of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: an Update of Clinical, Cognitive, and Functional Evidences. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(1) 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm049
Pietro, D. & Seamans, J. (2007). Dopamine and serotonin interactions in the prefrontal córtex: insights on antipsychotic drugs and their mechanism of action. Pharmacopsychiatry, 40(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-992133
Popovic, D., Benabarre, A., Crespo, J. M. Goikolea, J. M. Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Gutierrez-Rojas, L. Montes, J. M. & Vieta, E. (2014). Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: systematic review and clinical recommendations. 130, 425-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12332
Pooter, D., Summerfelt, A., Gold, J., & Buchanan, R. (2006). Review of Clinical Correlates of P50 Sensory Gating Abnormalities in Patients with Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32(4),692-700. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbj050
Quitian-Reyes, A., Arciniegas-Barrera, J., Bohórquez-Peñaranda A., & Gómez-Restrepo, C. (2016). Costo efectividad de los antipsicóticos en el tratamiento de mantenimiento de la esquizofrenia en Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 45(2), 67-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2015.05.013.
Qiu, A., Zhong, J., Graham, S., Chia, M.Y. & Sim, K., (2009). Combined analyses of thalamic volume, shape and white matter integrity in first-episode schizophrenia. Neuroimage, 47(4), 1163-1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.027
Owen, M. J., Sawa, A. & Mortensen, P.B. (2016). Esquizofrenia. Lancet, 388, 86-97.
Rapoport, J., Addington, A., Frangou, S., & Psych, M. (2005). The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 434-449.
Radua, J., Borgwardt, S., Crescini, A., Mataix-Cols, D., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McGuire, P. K., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2012). Multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional brain changes in first episode psychosis and the effects of antipsychotic medication. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2325-2333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.012
Reyes, M., & Gordon, A. (1981). Cerebellar vermis in schizophrenia. Lancet, 2(8248), 700-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91039-4
Reichenberg, A., & Harvey, P. (2007). Neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia: Integration of performance-based and brain imaging findings. Psychological Bulletin, 133(5), 833-858. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.833
Roberts, D. L., Combs, D. R., Willoughby, M., Mintz, J., Gibson, C., Rupp, B., & Penn, D. L. (2014). A randomized, controlled trial of Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(3), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12044
Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, F., Hernández, C., & Tost, L. (2004). Epidemiologia de la esquizofrenia: dificultades de los estudios, Psiquis: Revista de psiquiatría, psicología médica y psicosomática, 25(5), 23-38.
Roldan, C. (2016). Genética de la esquizofrenia: Serotonina, dopamina e interleukinas. Alicante: 3Ciencias. Área de innovación y desarrollo.
Rotarska-Jagiela, A., Van de Ven, V., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Uhlhaas, P. J., Vogeley, K., & Linden, D. E. (2010). Resting-state functional network correlates of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 117(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.001
Runte-Geidel, A., Torres-Gonzáles, F., & King, M. (2005). Estigma y esquizofrenia: qué piensan las personas afectadas y sus cuidadores. Ed. Universidad de Granada.
Saiz, J., De la Vega, D., & Sánchez, P. (2010). The Neurobiological Basis of Schizophrenia. Clínica y Salud, 21(3), 235-254.
Sarter, M., Nelson, C., & Bruno, J. (2005). Cortical Cholinergic Transmission and Cortical Information Processing in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31(1), 117-138. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi006
Salgado, J., Hetem, L., & Sandner, G. (2006). Modelos experimentais de esquizofrenia – uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatría, 28(2), 135-141.
Savla, G. N., Vella, L., Armstrong, C. C., Penn, D. L., & Twamlew, E.W. (2012). Deficits in the domains of social cognition in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of empirical evidence. Schizophr Bull, 39, 979-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs080
Salgado, P., & Vendrell, P. (2004). La imagen por resonancia magnética en el estudio de la esquizofrenia. Anales de Psicología, 20(2), 261-272. https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/27391
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Shur, S., Barcai-Goodman, L., Medlovich, S., Harari, G., & Levkovitz, Y. (2007). Disociación de los componentes afectivos de la teoría de la mente en la esquizofrenia. Res. Psiquiatría, 149, 11-23. Dialnet-TeoriaDeLaMenteEnLaEsquizofrenia-2925184.pdf
Shenton, M. E., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F. A., Pollak, S. D, LeMay, M., Wible, C. G., Hokama, H., Martin, J., Metcalf, D., Coleman, M., & McCarley, W. (1992). Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. The New England Journal Medicine, 327(9), 604-612. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199208273270905
Schneider, K. (1959). Clinical psychopathology. Grune & Stratton
Sekar, A., Bialas, A., de Rivera, H. et al. Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature 530, 177–183 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16549
Silveira, C., Marques-Teixeira, J., & de Bastos-Leite, A. J. (2012). More than one century of schizophrenia: an evolving perspective. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 200(12), 1054-1057. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e318275d249
Selma, H. (2008). Neuropsicología de la Esquizofrenia. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología, 2(2), 79-13
Serrano, M., Serrano, M. C., & Serrano, M. (2010). Factores pronósticos en la esquizofrenia. Revista de la Asociación Gallega de Psiquiatría. 98-105. file:///C:/Users/anmas/Downloads/Dialnet-FactoresPronosticosEnLaEsquizofrenia-5114919.pdf
Shenton, M., Dickey, C. Frumin, M., & McCarley, R. (2001) A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 49(1), 1- 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00163-3
Shenton, M. E., Whitford, T. J., & Kubicki, M. (2010). Structural neuroimaging in schizophrenia from methods to insights to treatments. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 12(3), 317. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2010.12.3/mshenton
Schlosser, D., Pearson, R., B Perez, V., & L Loewy, R. (2012). Environmental risk and protective factors and their influence on the emergence of psychosis. Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(2), 163-171.
Singh, S., & Singh, V. (2011). Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia. CNS Drugs, 25(10), 859-885. https://doi.org/10.2165/11586650-000000000-00000
Schmitt, A., Hasan, A., Gruber, O., & Falkai, P. (2011). Schizophrenia as a disorder of disconnectivity. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 261(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-011-0242-2
Seeman, P. (2004). Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Synapse, 1(2), 133-152
Sommer, I. Aleman, A. Ramsey, N., Bouma, A., & Kahn, R. (2001). Handedness, language lateralisation and anatomical asymmetry in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.4.344
Southard, E. (1914). On the topographical distribution of córtex lesions andanomalies in dementia præcox, with some account of their functional significance. American Jorunal Insanity, 71, 383-403. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.71.3.603
Stengel, E. (1951). Kliniche Psychopathologie: By Kurt Schneider. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 32, 257-258.
Schmidt, S. J., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schimmelmann, B. G., Maric, N. P., Salokangas, R. K. R., Riecher-Rössler, A., van der Gaag, M., Meneghelli, A., Nordentoft, M., Marshall, M., Morrison, A., Raballo, A., Klosterkötter., & Ruhrmann, S. (2015). EPA guidance on the early intervention in clinical high risk states of psychoses. European psychiatry, 30(3), 388-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.01.013
Snitz, B., MacDonald, A., & Carter, C. (2006). Cognitive Deficits in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients: A Meta-analytic Review of Putative Endophenotypes. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32(1), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi048
Spencer, K., Nestor, P., Perlmutter, R., Niznikiewicz, M., Klump, M., Frumin, M., Shenton, M., & McCarley, R. (2004). Neural synchrony indexes disordered perception and cognition in schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 17288-17293. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406074101
Suárez, E. (2011). Alteraciones cognitivas en la esquizofrenia. En P. Frieder (Ed). 29-50.
Subotnik, K., Ventura, J., Hellemann, G., Zito, M., Agee, E., & Nuechterlein, K. (2020). Relationship of poor insight to neurocognition, social cognition, and psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia research, 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.038
Tandon, R., Nasrallah, H., & Keshaban M. (2009). Schizophrenia “just the facts” 4. Clinical features and conceptualization. Schizophrenia Research, 110(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.005
Tandon, R., Gaebel, W., Barch, D. M., Bustillo, J., Gur, R., Heckers, S., & Carpenter, W. (2013) Definition and description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5. Schizophrenia Research 150, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.028
Tizón, J., Ferrando, J., Páres, A., Artigué, J., Parra, B., & Pérez, C. (2007). Trastornos esquizofrénicos en la atención primaria a la salud mental. Atención Primaria, 39(3), 119-126. https://dx.doi.org/10.1157%2F13099556
Toda, M., & Abi-Dargham, A. (2007). Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: Making sense of it all. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9(4), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-007-0041-7
Torrey, F., Miller, J., Rawlings, R., & Yolken, R. (1997). Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: a review of the literature. Schizophrenia Research, 28(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00092-3
Turkington, D., & Dudley, R. (2004). Cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Review Neurotherapeutics, 4(5), 861-8. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1097/00131746-200401000-00002
Trepanier, M., Hopperton, K., Mizrahi, M., Mechawar, N., & Bazinet, R. (2016). Postmortem evidence of cerebral inflammation in schizophrenia: a systematic review. Molecular Pschy, 2, 1009-1026 https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.90
Tomas, P. (2014). Entrenamiento Cognitivo en la esquizofrenia. Trastornos infantiles y de la adolescencia. [Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Veracruz]. http://psiquiatria.com/psiq_general_y_otras_areas/entrenamiento-cognitivo-en-la-esquizofrenia
Trubetskoy, V., Pardiñas, A.F., et al. (2022)., El mapeo de loci genómicos implica genes y biología sináptica en la esquizofrenia. Naturaleza 604, 502-508. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5
Ueda, N., Maruo, K., & Sumiyoshi, T. (2018). Positive symptoms and time perception in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia research: cognition, 13, 3-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2018.07.002
Van Haren NE, Hulshoff Pol HE, Schnack HG, Cahn W, Brans R, Carati I, Rais M, Kahn RS. (2008) Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: evidence of maturational abnormalities in early adulthood. Biol Psychiatry, 63(1), 106-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.004
Vargas, C. (Diciembre 2014). Elementos sobre la esquizofrenia. En Z. Campo (Presidencia). 1 Encuentro de salud mental de la Secretaría de salud. Encuentro llevado a cabo en Antioquia - Colombia.
Vassos E, Pedersen CB, Murray RM, Collier DA, Lewis CM. (2012) Meta-analysis of the association of urbanicity with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull, 38(6), 1118-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs096
Vázquez-Barquero, J., Cuesta, M., de la Varga, M., Herrera, S., Gaite, L., & Arenal, A. (1995). The Cantabria first episode schizophrenia study: a summary of general findings. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavian, 91(3), 156-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09759.x
Vázquez-Barquero, J., Crespo, B., & Herrán, A. (2005). Fases iniciales de las Enfermedades Mentales: Psicosis. Masson. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0716-8640(10)70589-7
Volk, D., & Lewis, D. (2010). Prefrontal cortical circuits in schizophrenia. Current Topics in Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 485-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_44
Villalta, V., & Ochoa, S. (2007). La terapia facilitada por animales de compañía como programa de rehabilitación adjunto para personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia crónica. Papeles del Psicólogo 28(1), 49-56. https://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/1428.pdf
Wilde, O., Bour, L., Dingemans, P., Koelman, J., & Linszen, D. (2007) A meta-analysis of P50 studies in patients with schizophrenia and relatives: Differences in methodology between research groups. Schizophrenia Research, 97(1), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.04.028
Yurgelun-Todd DA, Waternaux CM, et al. (1996) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of schizophrenic patients and comparison subjects during word production. Am J Psychiatry. 153(2), 200–205 https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.2.200
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.local.spa.fl_str_mv Acceso cerrado
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.*.fl_str_mv Atribución-Nocomercial-SinDerivar 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Acceso cerrado
Atribución-Nocomercial-SinDerivar 4.0 International
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
eu_rights_str_mv closedAccess
dc.publisher.grantor.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad El Bosque
institution Universidad El Bosque
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/11981300-2ec4-4365-9fee-f49592028ada/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/0d71ebe6-7500-41d0-a8cc-657d0f0580dc/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/451193af-7d29-44d5-9bdb-f020b9f143b3/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 4d7d821fddb26e773427c667f3632f48
2163f0252aedefe7bca07259ec34d336
712e910df44195cf5bc3ee57c310e77b
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bibliotecas@biteca.com
_version_ 1814100717119471616
spelling Salazar Montes, Ana MaríaPereira, Ángela Janeth2022-10-11T19:18:40Z2022-10-11T19:18:40Z20229789587392821http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/9185instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coEsta obra práctica y actualizada expone los avances clínicos y neuropsicológicos sobre la esquizofrenia desde un acercamiento interdisciplinar, reconociendo las características de la enfermedad como punto de partida para su comprensión, prevención y manejo. Su propósito es servir de guía a los estudiantes y profesionales de la salud en el quehacer diario con pacientes esquizofrénicos. Además de datos epidemiológicos e información sobre factores de riesgo genéticos y psicosociales y sobre programas de intervención que han mostrado ser eficaces, presenta una explicación etiológica basada en un modelo biológico que contempla la morfología cerebral, las alteraciones neuroquímicas y los perfiles cognitivos.This practical and updated work exposes the clinical and neuropsychological advances on schizophrenia from an interdisciplinary approach, recognizing the characteristics of the disease as a starting point for its understanding, prevention and management. Its purpose is to serve as a guide for students and health professionals in their daily practice with schizophrenic patients. In addition to epidemiological data and information on genetic and psychoso- cial risk factors and on intervention programs that have shown to be effective, it presents an etiological explanation based on a biological model that includes brain morphology, neurochemical alterations and cognitive profiles.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceso cerradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-Nocomercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbEsquizofrenia-TratamientoEsquizofrenia-DiagnósticoTrastornos mentalesTrastornos psiquiátricosDrogas antipsicóticas-EfectividadSchizophrenia-TreatmentSchizophrenia-DiagnosisMental disordersPsychiatric disordersAntipsychotic Drugs-EffectivenessEsquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomáticobookLibro completohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33info:eu-repo/semantics/bookhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Universidad El BosqueAbadía, M., Chesa, D., Izquierdo, E., Fernández, E., & Sitjas, M. (2003). Eficacia de la rehabilitación cognitive en la esquizofrenia: una revisión. Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 86, 91-103. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_ arttext&pid=S0211-57352003000200007Abel, K. M., Drake, R., & Goldstein, J. M. (2010). Sex differences in schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(5), 417-428. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441Addington, J., & Addington, D. (2000). Neurocognition in first episode schizophrenia: A 2 year follow-up. Schizophrenia Research, 41, 271-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-002-0391-4Addington, J., Piskulic, D., & Marshall, C. (2010). Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(4), 260-263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410377743Agerbo, E., Sullivan, P. F., Vilhjalmsson, B. J., Pedersen, C. B., Mors, O., Børglum, A. D., ... & Ripke, S. (2015). Polygenic risk score, parental socioeconomic status, family history of psychiatric disorders, and the risk for schizophrenia: a Danish population-based study and meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 72(7), 635-641. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0346Andreasen, N., Carpenter, W., Kane, J., Lasser, R., Marderz, S., & Weinberger., D. (2005). Remission in Schizophrenia: Proposed Criteria and Rationale for Consensus. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 441,449. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441Andreasen, N., & Ronald, P. (2008). The role of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia. Biology Psychiatry, 64(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.003Andreasen, N., & Olsen, S. (1982). Negative v positive schizophrenia: Definition and validation. Archives of General Psychiatry, (39), 789-94. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006Arnold, S. (1999). Cognition and neuropathology in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 99(395), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb05982.xAyesa-Arriola, R., Pérez-Iglesias, R., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. M., Pardo-García, G., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Vásquez- Barquero, J., & Crespo-Facorro, B. (2013).. Predictors of neurocognitive impairment at 3 years after a first episode non-affective psychosis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 43, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.012American Psychiatric Association (1995). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-IV versión en Español. Masson S.A. http://www.mdp.edu.ar/psicologia/psico/cendoc/archivos/Dsm-IV.Castellano.1995.pdfAmerican Psychiatric Association (2002). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-. Médica Panamericana.American Psychiatric Association (2014). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-5. Médica Panamericana.Artigue, J., & Tizón, J. (2014). Una revisión sobre los factores de riesgo en la infancia para la esquizofrenia y trastornos mentales graves del adulto. Atención primaria, 46(7), 336-356Ashdown, H., Dumont, Y., Ng. M., Poole, S., Boksa, P., & Luheshi, G. (2006). The role of cytokines in mediating effects of prenatal infection on the fetus: inplications for schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001748Barlati, S., Deste, G., De Peri, L., Ariu, C., & Vita, A. (2013). Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/156084Barak, S. (2009). Modeling cholinergic aspects of schizophrenia: focus on the antimuscarinic syndrome. Behavioural Brain Research, 204(2), 335-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.04.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.04.006Barlow, D., & Durand, M. (2012). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach. Wadsworth.Bechi, M., Bosia, M., Spangaro, M., Buonocore, M., Cocchi, F., Pigoni, A. Piantanida, M., Guglielmino, C., Bianchi, L., Smeraldi, E. & Cavallaro, R. (2015). Combined social cognitive and neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies in schizophrenia: Neuropsychological and psychopathological influences on Theory of Mind improvement. Psychological Medicine, 45(15), 3147-3157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001129Belloch, A. (2008). Manual de psicopatología. II. Mc Graw Hill.Bechdolf, A., Wagner, M., Ruhrmann, S., Harrigan, S., Putzfeld, V., Pukrop, R., Brockhaus-Dumke, A., Berning, J., Janssen, B., Decker, P., Bottlender, R., Maurer, K., Möller, H. J., Gaebel, W., Häfner, H., Maier, W., & Klosterkötter, J. (2012). Preventing progression to first-episode psychosis in early initial prodromal states. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp. bp.109.066357Bilder, R. Goldman, R. Robinson, D., Reiter, G., Bell, L., & Bates, J. (2000). Neuropsychology of first episode schizophrenia: initial characterizacion and clinical correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(4), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.549Bora, E., Yalincetin, B., Akdede, B. B., & Alptekin, K. (2018). Duración de la psicosis no tratada y la neurocognición en el primer episodio de psicosis: Metaanálisis. Schizophrenia Research, 193, 3-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.021Boatas, F., Solivellas, A., Méndez, I., Burrillo, I., Cubero, L., Jesús, R., et al. (2007). Programa PAPEP: Implantación de un programa de atención a primeros episodios psicóticos. Informaciones Psiquiátricas (187), 19-36.Bourque, F., Van der Ven, E., & Malla, A. (2011). A meta-analysis of the risk for psychotic disorders among first – and second – generation inmigrants. Psychological Medicine, 41, 897-910Bleuler, E. (1911). Dementia praecox, oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Leipzig: Version Online New York: International Universities Press.Biswas, P., Malhotra, S., Malhotra, A., & Gupta, N. (2007) Comparative study of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia with onset in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115(4), 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00901.xBoksa, P. (2012). Abnormal synaptic pruning in schizophrenia: Urban myth or reality? Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN, 37(2), 75. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.120007Burns, J. (2006). La hipótesis del cerebro social en la esquizofrenia. World Psychiatry, 4(2), 77-81.Bustos, M. (2008). Núcleo accumbens y el sistema motivacional a cargo del apego. Revista Chilena de Neuro-psiquiatría, 46(3), 207-215.Bruton, C., Crow, T., Frith, C., Johnstone, E., Owens, D., & Roberts, G. (1990) Schizophrenia and the brain: a prospective clinical-neuropathological study. Psycholical Medicine, 20(2), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700017608Braff, D. L., Ryan, J., Rissling, A. J., & Carpenter, W. T. (2013). Lack of use in the literature from the last 20 years supports dropping traditional schizophrenia subtypes from DSM-5 and ICD-11. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(4), 751-753. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbt068Canty, A. L., Neumann, D. L., & Shum, D. H. K. (2017). Uso de la realidad virtual para evaluar los subprocesos de la teoría de la mente y los tipos de error en la esquizofrenia temprana y crónica. Investigación sobre la esquizofrenia: Cognition, 10, 15-19.Candida, M., Campos, C., Monteiro, B., Barbosa, N., PaesI, F., NardiI, A., & Machado, M. (2016). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: an overview on efficacy, recent trends and neurobiological findings. MedicalExpress, 3(5), https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2016.05.01Campanella, S., & Guerit, J. (2009). How clinical neurophysiology may contribute to the understanding of a psychiatric disease such as schizophreniaApport de la neurophysiologie clinique à la compréhension d’un trouble psychiatrique tel que la schizophrénie. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 39(1) 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2008.12.002Canetta, S. E., & Brown, A. S. (2012). Prenatal infection, maternal immune activation, and risk for schizophrenia. Translational neuroscience, 3(4), 320-327. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13380-012-0045-6Cano, J., Córdoba, R., Fierro, M., Cendales, R., Olmos, L., Alzate, M., & Olarte, A. F. (2007). Factores que determinan la gravedad de presentación clínica del primer episodio psicótico. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 36 (1).Carbon, M., & Correll, C. U. (2014). Clinical predictors of therapeutic response to antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 16(4), 505. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2014.16.4/mcarbonCardet, E., Álvarez, E., & Reyes, V. (2013). Genetic and Nongenetic Risk Factors Associated with Schizophrenia. Correo Científico Médico, 17(2). https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=42926Casanova, M. F. (2009). La esquizofrenia como condición neurológica debida a un fallo en la lateralización del cerebro: observaciones macro y microscópicas. Revista de Neurología. 49(3), 136-42.Charernboon, T., & Patumanond, J. (2017). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Mental Illness, 9, 7054. https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2017.7054Chong, H., Teoh, S., Wu, D., Kotirum, S., Chiou, C., & Chaiyakunapruk N. (2016). Global economic burden of schizophrenia: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 357-373. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S96649Clinton, S., & Meador-Woodruff, J. (2004). Abnormalities of the NMDA Receptor and Associated Intracellular Molecules in the Thalamus in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(7), 1353-1362.Compton, M., Chan, R., Walker, E., & Buckley, P. (2011). Minor physical anomalies: potentially informative vestiges of fetal developmental disruptions in schizophrenia. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 29(3), 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.10.006Coyle, J., Tsai, G., & Goff, D. (2006). Converging Evidence of NMDA Receptor Hypofunction in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1003, 318-327.Cowan, W., Kopnisky, K., & Imán, S. (2002). The Human Genome Proyect and its Impact on Psychiatry. Annual Reviews, 25, 1-50. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142853Cuesta, M., Peralta., V., & Zarzuela, A. (2007). Empirical validation of competing definitions of schizophrenia: A poly-diagnostic study of cognitive impairment in non-affective psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 1(3), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.06.021Cuesta, M., Peralta., V., & Zarzuela, A. (2000). Neuropsicología y Esquizofrenia. Anales Navarra, 23(1), 59-62.Davidson, M., Reichenberg, A., Rabinowitz, J., Weiser, M., & Kaplan, Z. (1999). Behavioural and intellectual markers for schizophrenia in apparently healthy male adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(9), 1328-1335.D’Amato, T., Dalery, J., Rochet, T., Terra, J., & Marie-Cardine, M. (1991). Saisons de naissance et psychiatry. Etude retrospective dúne population hospitalarie. Encephale, 17(2), 67-71.Dhindsa, R., & Golstein, D. (2016). From genetics to physiology at last. Nature, 530, 162-163. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16874 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16874?not-changed#affil-authEack, S., Greenwald, D., Hogarty, S., Cooley, S., DiBarry, A., Montrose, D., & Keshavan, M. (2009). Cognitive enhancement therapy for early-course schizophrenia: effects of a two-year randomized controlled trial. Psychiatric Services, 60(11), 1468-1476. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.60.11.1468Eggers, A. (2013). A serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia. Medical hypotheses, 80(6), 791-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.013Fabre, D., Vehier, A., Chesnoy, G., Gouiller, N., D’Amato, T., & Saoud, M. (2015). From Theory to PrACTice: A Cognitive Remediation Program Based on a Neuropsychological Model of Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6(1), 169. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00169Fatemi, S., & Folsom, T. (2009). The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, revisited. Schizophrenia bulletin, 35(3), 528-548. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn187Fernández, C., Fombellida, C., Montero, C. (2014). Terapia de activación conductual para síntomas negativos de la esquizofrenia: a propósito de un caso. Norte de salud mental, 12, (49), 76-81.Franco, J. G., Valero, J., & Labad, A. (2010). Minor physical anomalies and schizophrenia: literature review. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 38(6), 365-371. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/65ba/e0fd5cc1 37985d871ca87af73f875269ba89.pdfFont, M., Parellada, E., Fernandez-Egea, E., Bernardo, M., & Lomeña, F. (2003). Neuroimagen funcional de las alucinaciones auditivas en la esquizofrenia. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 31(1), 3-9.Galván, M. (2013). Papel de la enfermería en la adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con esquizofrenia [Tesis de grado]. Universidad de Valladolid. http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/5177Galderisi, S., Rossi, A., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Mucci, A., Bucci, P. et al. (2014). Italian Network For Research on Psychoses. The influence of illness-related variables, personal resources and context-related factors on real-life functioning of people with schizophrenia. World Psychiatry 13, 275-287 https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20167García-Anaya, M., Apiquian, R., & Fresán, A. (2006). Filtrado sensorial y P50: Implicaciones para la neurobiología de la esquizofrenia. Salud Mental, 29(1), 64-70. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=13941García, P., Moreno, A., Freund, N., & Lahera, G. (2012). Factores asociados a la emoción expresada familiar en esquizofrenia: implicaciones terapéuticas. Rev Asociación española de Neuropsiquiatria, 32(116), 739-756. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0211-57352012000400005.Gejman, P. V., Sanders, A. R., & Duan, J. (2010). The role of genetics in the etiology of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics, 33(1), 35-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2009.12.003Geyer, M., & Vollenweider, F. (2008). Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses. Trens in Pharmacological Sciences, 29(9), 445-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006Grace, A. (1991). Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: A hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia. Neuroscience, 41(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(91)90196-uGreen, M., Horan, W., & Lee, J. (2015). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16, 620-631. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn4005Gross, G., Huber, G., & Klosterkötter, J. (1998). The early phase of schizophrenia and prediction of outcome. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13(1), 13-21.Gruzelier, J., Wilson, L., Liddiard, D., Peters, E., & Pusavat, L. (1999). Cognitive Asymmetry Patterns in Schizophrenia: Active and Withdrawn Syndromes and Sex Differences as Moderators. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25(2), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033383Gómez, Macías., De Cós, A., Ruíz de la Hermosa, L., & Sala, C. (2007). Psiquiatria.com. http://www.psiquiatria.com/psiq_general_y_otras_areas/urgencias_psiq/suicidio-ypsicopatologia/.Goldstein, G., & Halperin, K. (1977). Neuropsychological differences among subtypes of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(96)00019-9Gold S., Arndt S., Nopoulos P., O´Leary D., & Andreasen N. (1999). Estudio longitudinal de la función cognitiva en la esquizofrenia de aparición reciente y en el primer brote esquizofrénico. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(9), 1342-1348.Golembo-Smith, S., Walder, D. J., Daly, M. P., Mittal, V. A., Kline, E., Reeves, G., & Schiffman, J. (2012). The presentation of dermatoglyphic abnormalities in schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review. Schizophrenia research, 142(1-3), 1-11. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.002Gschwandtner, U., Zimmermann, R., Pflueger, M., Riecher-Rossler, A., & Puhr, P. (2009). Negative Symptoms in neuroleptic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis correlate with QEEG parameters. Schizophrenia Research, 115(2), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.06.013Gur, R., Maany, V., Mozley, P., Swanson, C., Bilker, W., & Gur, R. (1998). Subcortical MRI volumes in neuroleptic-naive and treated patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(12), 1711-1717. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.12.1711Gutiérrez, J., Caqueo-Urizar, A., & Kavanagh, J. (2005). Burden of care and general health in families of patients with schizophrenia. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(11), 899-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0963-5Gupta A. K., Swarnkar, S., Kumar, G. K., Goyal, V., Chadda, R. K., & Hariprasad, G. (2017). Dopamine based Pharmacotherapeutics of Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s Disease: Two Ends of One Spectrum. Ann Pharmacol Pharm, 2(21), 1109.Haddad, P. M., Brain, C., & Scott, J. (2014). Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies. Patient Related Outcome Measures, 5, 43. https://doi.org/10.2147/PROM.S42735Hales, R., & Yudofsky, S. (2006). Tratado de Psiquiatría clínica. Elsevier.Haslam, J. (1809). Observations on madness and melancholy: including practical remarks on those diseases; together with cases: and an account of the morbid appeareces on dissection. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.Hasson, O., Kravetz, S., Roe, D., David, A., & Weiser, W. (2006). Nsigth into psychosis and quality of life. Compr Psychiatry, 47, 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.08.006Haigong, L., Zhening, L., Meng, L., Yihui, H, Lihua, T., Fan, K., Yi, Y., Xu, L., Jiang, D., & Tianzi, J. (2006). Decreased regional homogeneity in schizophrenia: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. NeuroReport, 17(1), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000195666.22714.35Heath, R., Franklin, D., & Shraberg, D. (1979). Gross pathology of the cerebellum in patient diagnosed and treated as functional psychiatric disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 167(10), 585-592. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197910000-00001Herold, C., Lässer, M., Schmid, L., Seidl, U., Kong, L., Fellhauer, I., Thomann, P. A., Esigg, M. & Schroder, J. (2015). Neuropsychology, Autobiographical Memory, and Hippocampal Volume in “Younger” and “Older” Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psycgiatry, 6, 53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00053Helleke, E., Hulshoff, P., & kahn, R. (2008). What Happens After the First Episode? A Review of Progressive Brain Changes in Chronically Ill Patients With Schizophrenia. Schizoprhenia Bolletin, 34(2), 354-366. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm168Higashi, K., Medic, G., Littlewood, K. J., Diez, T., Granström, O., & De Hert, M. (2013). Medication adherence in schizophrenia: factors influencing adherence and consequences of nonadherence, a systematic literature review. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 3(4), 200-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125312474019Hirjak, D., Wolf, R. C., Wilder-Smith, E. P., Kubera, K. M., & Thomann, P. A. (2015). Motor abnormalities and basal ganglia in schizophrenia: evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging. Brain topography, 28(1), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0377-3Hirayasu, Y., McCarley, R., Salisbury, D., Tanaka, S., Kwon, J., Frumin, M., … Shenton, M. (2000). Planum temporale and Heschl gyrus volume reduction in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study of first-episode patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57(7), 692-699. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.57.7.692Ho, B., Andreasen, N., Nopoulos, P., Arndt, S., Magnotta, V., & Flaum, M. (2006). Progressive structural Brain Abnormalities and Their Relationship to Clinical Outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(6), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.6.585 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12796222/Ho, B. C., Andreasen, N. C., Ziebell, S., Pierson, R., & Magnotta, V. (2011). Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(2), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199Hofer, A., Bodner, T., Kaufmann, A., Kemmler, G., Mattarei, U., Pfaffenberger, N., Rettenbacher., M. A., Trebo, E., Yalcin, N., & Fleischhacker, W. (2011). Symptomatic remission and neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 41, 2131-2139. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000353Hoftman, G., & Lewis, D. (2011). Postnatal Developmental Trajectories of Neural Circuits in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex: Identifying Sensitive Periods for Vulnerability to Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 37(3), 493-503. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbr029Howes, O. D., Vergunst, F., Gee, S., McGuire, P., Kapur, S., & Taylor, D. (2012). Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice: study of antipsychotic treatment prior to clozapine initiation. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 201(6), 481-485. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.105833Hwu, H., Yeh, E., & Chang, L. (1989). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Taiwan defined by the Chinese Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 79, 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb08581.xInsel, T. R. (2010). Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature, 468(7321), 187. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09552Instituto Nacional de estadística España (INE). (2016). El desempleo de personas con discapacidad. http://www.ine.es/prensa/np1012.pdfJauhar, S., McKenna, P., Radua, J., Fung, E., Salvador, R., & Laws, K. (2014). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis with examination of potential bias. Br. J. Psychiatry, 204 (1), 20-2. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.116285.Jardri, R., Pouchet, A., Pins, D., & Thomas, P. (2011). Cortical activations during auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: a coordinate-based meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101522Jeste, D., McAdams, L., Palmer, B., Braff, D., Jernigan, T., Paulsen, J., Heaton, R. (1998). Relationship of neuropsychological and MRI measures to age of onset of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98(2), 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10058.xJoyce, E. M. (2013). Función cognitiva en la esquizofrenia: ideas de la investigación de inteligencia. Psychiatry, 203, 161-162. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3315/331549488005.pdfJavitt, D., Spencer, K., Thaker, G., Winterer, G., & Hajos, M. (2008). Neurophysiological biomarkers for drug development in schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 7, 68, 83. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2463Johannesen, J., Bodkins, M., O’ Donell, B., Shekhar, A., & Hetrick, W. (2008). Perceptual anomalies in schizophrenia co-occur with selective impairments in the gamma frequency component of midlatency auditory ERPs. Journal of abnormal Psychology, 117, 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.106Julca, L. (2017). Asociación entre anomalías físicas menores de manos y pies en esquizofrénicos. [Tesis. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Perú]. http://repositorio.upao.edu.pe/handle/upaorep/2634Kasper S. (2006). Optimisation of long-term treatment in schizophrenia: treating the true spectrum of symptoms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. Suppl 3, 135-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.06.004.Keefe, R. (1995). The contribution of Neuropsychology to Psychiatry. American Journal of Psichiatry, 152, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.1.6Keshavan, M., Tandon, R., Boutros, N., & Nasrallah, H. (2008). Schizophrenia, “just the facts”: What we know in 2008 Part 3: Neurobiology. Schizofrenia Research, 106, 89-107.Kraepelin, E. (1919). Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia. Medical BookKempton, M. J., Stahl, D., Williams, S. C., & DeLisi, L. E. (2010). Progressive lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies. Schizophrenia Research, 120(1-3), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.036Keshavan, M., Tandon, R., Boutros, N., & Nasrallah, H. (2008). Schizophrenia, “just the facts”: What we know in 2008 Part 3: Neurobiology. Schizofrenia Research, 106, 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.020Keshavan, M. S., Kulkarni, S. R., Bhojraj, T., Francis, A., Diwadkar, V., Montrose, D. M., Seidman, L. & Sweeney, J. (2010). Premorbid cognitive deficits in young relatives of schizophrenia patients. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 3, 62. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.062.2009Kerns, J., Cohen, J., MacDonald, A., Johnson, M., Stenger, A., Aizenstein, H., & Carter, C. (2005). Decreased Conflict- and Error-Related Activity in the Anterior Cingulate Córtex in Subjects With Schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1833-1839. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1833Kim, D. J., Kent, J. S., Bolbecker, A. R., Sporns, O., Cheng, H., Newman, S. D. ... & Hetrick, W. P. (2014). Disrupted modular architecture of cerebellum in schizophrenia: a graph theoretic analysis. Schizophrenia bulletin, 40(6), 1216-1226. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu059Kirkpatrick, B., Herrera, S., & Vázquez-Barquero, J. (2002). Summer birth and déficit schizophrenia: Cantabria, Spain. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(8), 526-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NMD.0000026651.84640.73Kondziella, D., Brenner, E., Eyjolfsson, E., & Sonnewald, U. (2007). How do glial-neuronal interactions fit into current neurotransmitter hypotheses of schizophrenia? Neurochemistry International, 50(2), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2006.09.006Kristiansem, L., & Meador-Woodruff, J. (2005). Abnormal striatal expression of transcripts encoding NMDA interacting PSD proteins in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. Schizophrenia Research, 78(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.06.012Kozlovsky, N., Shanon-Weickert, C., Tomaskovic-Crook, E., Kleinman, J., Belmaker, R., & Agam, G. (2004). Reduced GSK-3ß mRNA levels in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal córtex of schizophrenic patients. Journal of Neural Transmission, 11(12), 1583-1592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-004-0166-3Kucukalic, A., Dzubur – Kulenovic, A., & Mehmedika - Suljic E. (2007). Relapse prevention in schizophrenia - new therapeutic challenges. Psychiatria Danubina, 19(4), 362-6.Kurzban, S., Davis, L., & Brekke, J. S. (2010). Vocational, social, and cognitive rehabilitation for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia: a review of recent research and trends. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12(4):345-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-010-0129-3Kremen, W., Buka, S., Seidman, L., Goldstein, J., Koren, D., & Tsuang, M. (1998). IQ decline during childhood and adult psychotic symptoms in a community sample: a 19 years longitudinal study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(5), 672-677. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.5.672Kyziridis, T. C. (2005). Notes on the history of schizophrenia. German Journal of Psychiatry, 8(3), 42-48. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-09427-004Lawrie, S. Whalley, H., Abukmeil, S., Kestelman, J., Donnelly, L., Miller., Best, J. K., Cunningham, D., & Johnstone, E. (2001). Brain structure, genetic liability, and psychotic symptoms in subjects at high risk of developing schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 49(10), 811- 823. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01117-3Lencz, T., Bilder, R., & Cornblatt, B. (2001). The timing of neurodevelopmental abnormality in schizophrenia: an integrative review of the neuroimaging literature. CNS Spectrums, 6(3), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900008610Lee, S., Namkoong, K., Cho, H., Son, D., & An, S. (2010). Reduced visual P300 amplitudes in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and first-episode schizophrenia. Neuroscience Letters, 486, 156-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.035Lennertz, L., An der Heiden, W., Kronacher, R., Schulze-Rauschenbach, S., Maier, W., Häfner, H., & Wagner, M. (2016). Smaller than expected cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients from the population-representative ABC catchment cohort. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 266(5), 423-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-015-0625-xLeroy, A., Amad, A., D’Hondt, F., Pins, D., Jaafari, N., Thomas, P., & Jardri, R. (2020). Reward anticipation in schizophrenia: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 218, 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.041Li, W., Yang, Y., An, F., Zhang, L., Ungvari, G., Jackson, T., Yuan, Z., & Xiang, T. (2020). Prevalence of comorbid depression in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal Of Affective Disorders, 273, 524-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.056Lieberman, R., & Kopelwicz, A. (2004). Un enfoque empírico de la recuperación de la esquizofrenia: definir la recuperación e identificar los factores que pueden facilitarla. Rehabilitación Psicosocial, 1(1), 12-29.Lisman, J., Coyle, J., Green, R., Javitt, D., Benes, F., Heckers, S., & Grace, A. (2008). Circuit-based framework for understanding neurotransmitter and risk gene interactions in schizophrenia. Trends in Neurosciences, 31(5), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.005Li, M., Chen, Z., Deng, W., He, Z., Wang, Q., Jiang, L., Wang, Y., Chua, S.E., Cheung, C., McAlonan, G. M., Sham, P.C., Collier, D.A. Gong, W, & Li, T. (2012). Volume increases in putamen associated with positive symptom reduction in previously drug-naive schizophrenia after 6 weeks antipsychotic treatment. Psychological medicine, 42(7), 1475-1483. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002157Lysaker P., & Salyers, M. (2007). Anxiety symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: associations with social function, positive and negative symptoms, hope and trauma history. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116(4), 290-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01067.xLópez-Figueroa, A., Norton, C., López-Figueroa, M., Armellini- Dodel, D., Burke, S., Akil, H., López, J., & Watson, S. (2004). Serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in subjects with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 55(3), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.017Louise, S., Fitzpatrick, M., Strauss, C., Rossell, S., & Thomas, N. (2018). Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for psychosis: Our current understanding and a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 192, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.023Malla, A., Williams, R., Kopala, L. Smith, G., & Talling, D. (2006). Outcome on quality of life in a Canadian national sample of patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113, 22- 28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00758.xMárquez, A. (2004). Psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología II. Polemo.Medalia, A., & Freilich B. (2008). The neuropsychological educational approach to cognitive remediation (NEAR) model: practice principles and outcome studies. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 11(2), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487760801963660Melero, A. R., & Yela, J. R. (2014). Análisis de la investigación sobre mindfulness entre 2008-2012. Una aproximación a través del análisis bibliométrico. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 4(1), 63-72 https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3498/349851787008.pdfMéndez, I., Boatas, F., Solivellas, A., Burillo, I., Rodriguez, M., & Garrido, E. (2006). Early detection for early attention: the role of primary care in the care of first episode psychosis. An experience in baix llobregat, catalunya (spain). Schizophrenia Research, 86, 120. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbl005Meisenzhal, E. Frodl, T., Zetzsche, T., Leisinger, G., Heiss, D., Maag, K., Hegerl,U., Hahn, K., & Möller, H. (2000). Adhesio interthalamica in male patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(5), 823-825. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.823Messias, E., Kirkpatrick, B., Bromet, E., Ross, D., Buchanan, R., Carpenter, W., Tek, C, Kendler, K. Walsh, D., & Dollfus, S. (2004). Summer Birth and Deficit Schizophrenia: A Pooled Analysis From 6 Countries. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(10), 985-989. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.10.985McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J. (2008). Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn001McGlashan, T., & Johannessen, J. (1996). Early detection and intervention with schizophrenia: rationale. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(2), 201-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/22.2.201McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T., & Pascaris A. (2005). Cognitive training and supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: one-year results from a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Bull, 31(4), 898-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi037Minzenberg, M., Laird, A., Thelen, S., Carter, C., & Glahn, D. (2009). Meta-analysis of 41 Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Executive Function in Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(8), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.91Mitchell, R., Elliot, R., & Woodruff, P. (2001). fMRI and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Trends in Neurocognitive Sciences, 5(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01599-0Ministerio de Salud Colombiano (2013). En Colombia la prevalencia de la esquizofrenia representa el 1% de la población. Boletín de prensa 335. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/esquizofrenia-representa-el-1-poblacion.aspxMilev, P., Choon-Ho, B., Arndt, S., & Andreasen, N. (2005). Predictive Values of Neurocognition and Negative Symptoms on Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal First-Episode Study With 7-Year Follow-Up. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.495Mortimer, A. (2007). Relationship between estrogen and schizophrenia. Expert Reviews, 7(1), 45-55.Moskowitz, A., & Heim, G. (2011). Eugen Bleuler’s dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (1911): a centenary appreciation and reconsideration. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37(3), 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbr016Modinos, G., Costafreda, S. G., Van Tol, M. J., McGuire, P. K., Aleman, A., & Allen, P. (2013). Neuroanatomy of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: a quantitative meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Cortex, 49(4), 1046-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.009Monchablon, A., Derito, N. C., & Martínez, G. (2006). Inicio y curso del proceso esquizofrénico. Revista Argentina de Clínica Neuropsiquiátrica, 3(13).Murray, R., Grech, A., Phillips, P., & Johnson, S. (2003). What is the relationship between substance abuse and schizophrenia?. En R. M. Murray, P. B. Jones, E. Susser, , J. van Os, & M. Cannon (Eds). The Epidemiology of Schizophrenia. (pp. 3317-3422). Cambridge University Press.Mueser, K. T., Deavers, F., Penn, D. L., & Cassisi, J. E. (2013). Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Annual review of clinical psychology, 9, 465-497. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185620National Institute of Mental Health (2017). Schizophrenia December 2020 nimh » Schizophrenia (nih.gov)National Institute of Mental Health (2008). Recovery after an initial schizophrenia episode RA1SE. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophreniaNarr, K., Bilder, R., Luders, E., Thompson, P., Woods, R., Robinson, D., Szeszko, R. Dimtcheva, T., Gurbani, M., & Toga, A. (2007). Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia. Neuroimage, 34(1), 939-948. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuroimage. 2006.08.052Pino, O., Guilera, G., Gómez-Benito, J., Najas-García, A., Rufián, S., & Rojo, E. (2014). Neurodevelopment or neurodegeneration: review of theories of schizophrenia. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 42(4):185-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25017496/Nakamura, M., Nestor, P., Levitt, J., Cohen, A., Kawashima, T., Shenton, M., & McCarley, R. (2008). Orbitofrontal volume deficit in schizophrenia and thought disorder. Brain, 131(1), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm265Nesvåg, R., Bergmann, Ø., Rimol, L. M., Lange, E. H., Haukvik, U. K., Hartberg, C. B., Fagerberg, T., Söderman E., Jönsson, E., & artz, I. (2012). A 5-year follow-up study of brain cortical and subcortical abnormalities in a schizophrenia cohort. Schizophrenia research, 142(1-3), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.004Novick, D., Haro, J., Suarez, D., Pérez, V., Dittmann, R., & Haddad, P. (2010). Predictors and clinical consequences of non-adherence with antipsychotic medication in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 176(2-3), 109 -113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.05.004Obiols, J., & Vicens-Vilanova, J. (2003). Etiología y Signos de Riesgo en la Esquizofrenia. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 3(2), 235-250.Ocklenburg, S., Güntürkün, O., Hugdahl, K., & Hirnstein, M. (2015). Laterality and mental disorders in the postgenomic age–A closer look at schizophrenia and language lateralization. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 59, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.019Owen, M. J., O’donovan, M. C., Thapar, A., & Craddock, N. (2011). Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. The British journal of psychiatry, 198(3), 173-175. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084384Owen, M. J., O’Donovan, M. C., & Harrison, P. J. (2005). Schizophrenia: a genetic disorder of the synapse? BMJ, 330(7484), 158-159. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7484.158Pacheco, A., & Raventos, H. (2004). Genética de la esquizofrenia: avances en el estudio de genes candidatos. Revista de Biología Tropical, 52(3), 467-473.Pankow, A., Friedel, E., Sterzer, P., Seiferth, N., Walter, H., Heinz, A., & Schlagenhauf, F. (2013). Altered amygdala activation in schizophrenia patients during emotion processing. Schizophrenia research, 150(1), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.015Passingham, R., Toni, I., & Rushworth, M. (2000). Specialisation within the prefrontal córtex: the ventral prefrontal córtex and associative learning. Experimental Brain Research, 133(1) 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210000405Pei-Chi, T., Jen-Chuen, H., Cheng-Ta, L., Ya-Mai, B., & Tung-Ping, S. (2012). Cortico-striatal disconnection within the cingulo-opercular network in schizophrenia revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity analysis: A resting fMRI study. Neuroimage, 59(1), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.086Pekka, T., Lyman, C., Laksy, K., Juha, M., Pentti, N., Sorri, A., Lahti, L., &, Wahlberg, K. (2003). Genetic Boundaries of the schizophrenia Spectrum: Evidence from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(9), 1587-159. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1587Pelayo, J., Pérez, R., Ramírez, M., González, C., Martínez, O., Pardo, Rodríguez-Sánchez, J.M., Roiz-Santiáñez, R., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Mata, I., Vázquez-Barquero, J.L., & Crespo-Facorro, B. (2008). Epidemiological factors associated with treated incidence of first-episode non-affective psychosis in Cantabria: insights from the Clinical Programme on Early Phases of Psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 2(3), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2008.00074.xPeralta, V., & Cuesta, M. J. (2011). Eugen Bleuler and the schizophrenias: 100 years after. Schizophrenia bulletin, 37(6), 1118-1120. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbr126Petkari, E. (2010). Determinantes longitudinales de calidad e vida en esquizofrenia. Un análisis prospectivo del estudio EUNOMIA. Editorial de la universidad de Granada.Petkari, E., Salazar-Montes, A.M., Kallert, T., Priebe, S., Fiorillo, A., Raboch, J., Onchev, G., Anastasia, K, Nawka, A. Dembinskas, A. Kiejna, A., Kjellin, L., Torres-González, F., & Cervilla, J. (2011). Acute psychopathology as a predictor of global functioning in patients with ICD-10 non-affective psychosis: A prospective study in 11 European countries. Schizophrenia Research, 131(1-3), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.05.012Penn, D., Sanna, L., & Roberts, D. (2008). Social Cognition in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), 408-411. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn014Pillman, F., & Marneros, A. (2003). Brief and acute psychosis, the development of concepts. History of Psychiatry, 14(2), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154x030142002Picard, H., Amado, Yo., Mouchet-Mages, S., Olie, J., & Krebs, M. (2008). The Role of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: an Update of Clinical, Cognitive, and Functional Evidences. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(1) 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm049Pietro, D. & Seamans, J. (2007). Dopamine and serotonin interactions in the prefrontal córtex: insights on antipsychotic drugs and their mechanism of action. Pharmacopsychiatry, 40(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-992133Popovic, D., Benabarre, A., Crespo, J. M. Goikolea, J. M. Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Gutierrez-Rojas, L. Montes, J. M. & Vieta, E. (2014). Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia: systematic review and clinical recommendations. 130, 425-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12332Pooter, D., Summerfelt, A., Gold, J., & Buchanan, R. (2006). Review of Clinical Correlates of P50 Sensory Gating Abnormalities in Patients with Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32(4),692-700. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbj050Quitian-Reyes, A., Arciniegas-Barrera, J., Bohórquez-Peñaranda A., & Gómez-Restrepo, C. (2016). Costo efectividad de los antipsicóticos en el tratamiento de mantenimiento de la esquizofrenia en Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 45(2), 67-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2015.05.013.Qiu, A., Zhong, J., Graham, S., Chia, M.Y. & Sim, K., (2009). Combined analyses of thalamic volume, shape and white matter integrity in first-episode schizophrenia. Neuroimage, 47(4), 1163-1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.027Owen, M. J., Sawa, A. & Mortensen, P.B. (2016). Esquizofrenia. Lancet, 388, 86-97.Rapoport, J., Addington, A., Frangou, S., & Psych, M. (2005). The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 434-449.Radua, J., Borgwardt, S., Crescini, A., Mataix-Cols, D., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McGuire, P. K., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2012). Multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional brain changes in first episode psychosis and the effects of antipsychotic medication. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2325-2333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.012Reyes, M., & Gordon, A. (1981). Cerebellar vermis in schizophrenia. Lancet, 2(8248), 700-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91039-4Reichenberg, A., & Harvey, P. (2007). Neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia: Integration of performance-based and brain imaging findings. Psychological Bulletin, 133(5), 833-858. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.833Roberts, D. L., Combs, D. R., Willoughby, M., Mintz, J., Gibson, C., Rupp, B., & Penn, D. L. (2014). A randomized, controlled trial of Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(3), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12044Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, F., Hernández, C., & Tost, L. (2004). Epidemiologia de la esquizofrenia: dificultades de los estudios, Psiquis: Revista de psiquiatría, psicología médica y psicosomática, 25(5), 23-38.Roldan, C. (2016). Genética de la esquizofrenia: Serotonina, dopamina e interleukinas. Alicante: 3Ciencias. Área de innovación y desarrollo.Rotarska-Jagiela, A., Van de Ven, V., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Uhlhaas, P. J., Vogeley, K., & Linden, D. E. (2010). Resting-state functional network correlates of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 117(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.001Runte-Geidel, A., Torres-Gonzáles, F., & King, M. (2005). Estigma y esquizofrenia: qué piensan las personas afectadas y sus cuidadores. Ed. Universidad de Granada.Saiz, J., De la Vega, D., & Sánchez, P. (2010). The Neurobiological Basis of Schizophrenia. Clínica y Salud, 21(3), 235-254.Sarter, M., Nelson, C., & Bruno, J. (2005). Cortical Cholinergic Transmission and Cortical Information Processing in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31(1), 117-138. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi006Salgado, J., Hetem, L., & Sandner, G. (2006). Modelos experimentais de esquizofrenia – uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatría, 28(2), 135-141.Savla, G. N., Vella, L., Armstrong, C. C., Penn, D. L., & Twamlew, E.W. (2012). Deficits in the domains of social cognition in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of empirical evidence. Schizophr Bull, 39, 979-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs080Salgado, P., & Vendrell, P. (2004). La imagen por resonancia magnética en el estudio de la esquizofrenia. Anales de Psicología, 20(2), 261-272. https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/27391Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Shur, S., Barcai-Goodman, L., Medlovich, S., Harari, G., & Levkovitz, Y. (2007). Disociación de los componentes afectivos de la teoría de la mente en la esquizofrenia. Res. Psiquiatría, 149, 11-23. Dialnet-TeoriaDeLaMenteEnLaEsquizofrenia-2925184.pdfShenton, M. E., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F. A., Pollak, S. D, LeMay, M., Wible, C. G., Hokama, H., Martin, J., Metcalf, D., Coleman, M., & McCarley, W. (1992). Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. The New England Journal Medicine, 327(9), 604-612. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199208273270905Schneider, K. (1959). Clinical psychopathology. Grune & StrattonSekar, A., Bialas, A., de Rivera, H. et al. Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature 530, 177–183 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16549Silveira, C., Marques-Teixeira, J., & de Bastos-Leite, A. J. (2012). More than one century of schizophrenia: an evolving perspective. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 200(12), 1054-1057. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e318275d249Selma, H. (2008). Neuropsicología de la Esquizofrenia. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología, 2(2), 79-13Serrano, M., Serrano, M. C., & Serrano, M. (2010). Factores pronósticos en la esquizofrenia. Revista de la Asociación Gallega de Psiquiatría. 98-105. file:///C:/Users/anmas/Downloads/Dialnet-FactoresPronosticosEnLaEsquizofrenia-5114919.pdfShenton, M., Dickey, C. Frumin, M., & McCarley, R. (2001) A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 49(1), 1- 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00163-3Shenton, M. E., Whitford, T. J., & Kubicki, M. (2010). Structural neuroimaging in schizophrenia from methods to insights to treatments. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 12(3), 317. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2010.12.3/mshentonSchlosser, D., Pearson, R., B Perez, V., & L Loewy, R. (2012). Environmental risk and protective factors and their influence on the emergence of psychosis. Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(2), 163-171.Singh, S., & Singh, V. (2011). Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia. CNS Drugs, 25(10), 859-885. https://doi.org/10.2165/11586650-000000000-00000Schmitt, A., Hasan, A., Gruber, O., & Falkai, P. (2011). Schizophrenia as a disorder of disconnectivity. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 261(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-011-0242-2Seeman, P. (2004). Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Synapse, 1(2), 133-152Sommer, I. Aleman, A. Ramsey, N., Bouma, A., & Kahn, R. (2001). Handedness, language lateralisation and anatomical asymmetry in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.4.344Southard, E. (1914). On the topographical distribution of córtex lesions andanomalies in dementia præcox, with some account of their functional significance. American Jorunal Insanity, 71, 383-403. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.71.3.603Stengel, E. (1951). Kliniche Psychopathologie: By Kurt Schneider. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 32, 257-258.Schmidt, S. J., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schimmelmann, B. G., Maric, N. P., Salokangas, R. K. R., Riecher-Rössler, A., van der Gaag, M., Meneghelli, A., Nordentoft, M., Marshall, M., Morrison, A., Raballo, A., Klosterkötter., & Ruhrmann, S. (2015). EPA guidance on the early intervention in clinical high risk states of psychoses. European psychiatry, 30(3), 388-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.01.013Snitz, B., MacDonald, A., & Carter, C. (2006). Cognitive Deficits in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients: A Meta-analytic Review of Putative Endophenotypes. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32(1), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi048Spencer, K., Nestor, P., Perlmutter, R., Niznikiewicz, M., Klump, M., Frumin, M., Shenton, M., & McCarley, R. (2004). Neural synchrony indexes disordered perception and cognition in schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 17288-17293. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406074101Suárez, E. (2011). Alteraciones cognitivas en la esquizofrenia. En P. Frieder (Ed). 29-50.Subotnik, K., Ventura, J., Hellemann, G., Zito, M., Agee, E., & Nuechterlein, K. (2020). Relationship of poor insight to neurocognition, social cognition, and psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia research, 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.038Tandon, R., Nasrallah, H., & Keshaban M. (2009). Schizophrenia “just the facts” 4. Clinical features and conceptualization. Schizophrenia Research, 110(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.005Tandon, R., Gaebel, W., Barch, D. M., Bustillo, J., Gur, R., Heckers, S., & Carpenter, W. (2013) Definition and description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5. Schizophrenia Research 150, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.028Tizón, J., Ferrando, J., Páres, A., Artigué, J., Parra, B., & Pérez, C. (2007). Trastornos esquizofrénicos en la atención primaria a la salud mental. Atención Primaria, 39(3), 119-126. https://dx.doi.org/10.1157%2F13099556Toda, M., & Abi-Dargham, A. (2007). Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: Making sense of it all. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9(4), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-007-0041-7Torrey, F., Miller, J., Rawlings, R., & Yolken, R. (1997). Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: a review of the literature. Schizophrenia Research, 28(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00092-3Turkington, D., & Dudley, R. (2004). Cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Review Neurotherapeutics, 4(5), 861-8. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1097/00131746-200401000-00002Trepanier, M., Hopperton, K., Mizrahi, M., Mechawar, N., & Bazinet, R. (2016). Postmortem evidence of cerebral inflammation in schizophrenia: a systematic review. Molecular Pschy, 2, 1009-1026 https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.90Tomas, P. (2014). Entrenamiento Cognitivo en la esquizofrenia. Trastornos infantiles y de la adolescencia. [Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Veracruz]. http://psiquiatria.com/psiq_general_y_otras_areas/entrenamiento-cognitivo-en-la-esquizofreniaTrubetskoy, V., Pardiñas, A.F., et al. (2022)., El mapeo de loci genómicos implica genes y biología sináptica en la esquizofrenia. Naturaleza 604, 502-508. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5Ueda, N., Maruo, K., & Sumiyoshi, T. (2018). Positive symptoms and time perception in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia research: cognition, 13, 3-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2018.07.002Van Haren NE, Hulshoff Pol HE, Schnack HG, Cahn W, Brans R, Carati I, Rais M, Kahn RS. (2008) Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: evidence of maturational abnormalities in early adulthood. Biol Psychiatry, 63(1), 106-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.004Vargas, C. (Diciembre 2014). Elementos sobre la esquizofrenia. En Z. Campo (Presidencia). 1 Encuentro de salud mental de la Secretaría de salud. Encuentro llevado a cabo en Antioquia - Colombia.Vassos E, Pedersen CB, Murray RM, Collier DA, Lewis CM. (2012) Meta-analysis of the association of urbanicity with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull, 38(6), 1118-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs096Vázquez-Barquero, J., Cuesta, M., de la Varga, M., Herrera, S., Gaite, L., & Arenal, A. (1995). The Cantabria first episode schizophrenia study: a summary of general findings. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavian, 91(3), 156-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09759.xVázquez-Barquero, J., Crespo, B., & Herrán, A. (2005). Fases iniciales de las Enfermedades Mentales: Psicosis. Masson. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0716-8640(10)70589-7Volk, D., & Lewis, D. (2010). Prefrontal cortical circuits in schizophrenia. Current Topics in Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 485-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_44Villalta, V., & Ochoa, S. (2007). La terapia facilitada por animales de compañía como programa de rehabilitación adjunto para personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia crónica. Papeles del Psicólogo 28(1), 49-56. https://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/1428.pdfWilde, O., Bour, L., Dingemans, P., Koelman, J., & Linszen, D. (2007) A meta-analysis of P50 studies in patients with schizophrenia and relatives: Differences in methodology between research groups. Schizophrenia Research, 97(1), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.04.028Yurgelun-Todd DA, Waternaux CM, et al. (1996) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of schizophrenic patients and comparison subjects during word production. Am J Psychiatry. 153(2), 200–205 https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.2.200ORIGINAL9789587392821.pdf9789587392821.pdfEsquizofrenia: más allá del etiquetamiento sintomáticoapplication/pdf1425013https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/11981300-2ec4-4365-9fee-f49592028ada/download4d7d821fddb26e773427c667f3632f48MD51THUMBNAIL9789587392821.pdf.jpg9789587392821.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg202365https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/0d71ebe6-7500-41d0-a8cc-657d0f0580dc/download2163f0252aedefe7bca07259ec34d336MD54TEXT9789587392821.pdf.txt9789587392821.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain68913https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/451193af-7d29-44d5-9bdb-f020b9f143b3/download712e910df44195cf5bc3ee57c310e77bMD5520.500.12495/9185oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/91852024-02-06 23:55:33.72http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/restrictedhttps://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquebibliotecas@biteca.com