Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral

La pandemia de COVID-19, esto ha conllevado a la realización de diversos estudios para observar el potencial infeccioso, ya que contienen microorganismos de diferente tamaño molecular (0.1 hasta 10 micrones en diámetro) y pueden quedar suspendidos en el ambiente. Objetivo_ Comparar la generación de...

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Autores:
León Carrero, Meriveth
Montes Alvarado, Damari Elizabeth
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad El Bosque
Repositorio:
Repositorio U. El Bosque
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/8103
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/8103
Palabra clave:
Bioaerosol
Procedimientos generadores de aerosol
SARS-CoV-2
Procedimientos Dentales
Coronavirus
Bacteriofago
Bioaerosol
Aerosol-generating procedures
SARS-CoV-2
Dental procedures
Coronavirus
Bacteriophague
WU300
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/8103
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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
title Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
spellingShingle Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
Bioaerosol
Procedimientos generadores de aerosol
SARS-CoV-2
Procedimientos Dentales
Coronavirus
Bacteriofago
Bioaerosol
Aerosol-generating procedures
SARS-CoV-2
Dental procedures
Coronavirus
Bacteriophague
WU300
title_short Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
title_full Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
title_fullStr Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
title_full_unstemmed Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
title_sort Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oral
dc.creator.fl_str_mv León Carrero, Meriveth
Montes Alvarado, Damari Elizabeth
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Beltrán Zúñiga, Edgar Orlando
Martignon, Stefania
Cortés, Andrea
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv León Carrero, Meriveth
Montes Alvarado, Damari Elizabeth
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Bioaerosol
Procedimientos generadores de aerosol
SARS-CoV-2
Procedimientos Dentales
Coronavirus
Bacteriofago
topic Bioaerosol
Procedimientos generadores de aerosol
SARS-CoV-2
Procedimientos Dentales
Coronavirus
Bacteriofago
Bioaerosol
Aerosol-generating procedures
SARS-CoV-2
Dental procedures
Coronavirus
Bacteriophague
WU300
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Bioaerosol
Aerosol-generating procedures
SARS-CoV-2
Dental procedures
Coronavirus
Bacteriophague
dc.subject.nlm.none.fl_str_mv WU300
description La pandemia de COVID-19, esto ha conllevado a la realización de diversos estudios para observar el potencial infeccioso, ya que contienen microorganismos de diferente tamaño molecular (0.1 hasta 10 micrones en diámetro) y pueden quedar suspendidos en el ambiente. Objetivo_ Comparar la generación de aerosoles (distancia, tamaño, permanencia y carga viral) en el aire de aerosoles producidos durante la realización de tratamientos restauradores en el sector anterosuperior y posteroinferior. Metodología_ Simulación experimental en un consultorio cerrado de 10.5 mts 2 se posicionaron 8 cintas desde la fuente de generación de aerosoles siguiendo las manecillas del reloj, se colocaron muestras en paciente, operador y auxiliar. Dientes se instrumentaron con pieza de alta velocidad de alto torque y agua desionizada o buffer-SM (pH7.4) para diluir fluoresceína (5%) o bacteriófago-PhiX174 (1x105PFU), respectivamente para ser aerosolizados independientemente en dos procedimientos de operatoria dental en el sector anterosuperior y posteroinferior. Los aerosoles fueron recolectados durante y después (30-60min) de cada procedimiento, utilizando filtros de papel o cultivos Escherichia-coli C600 (EC600) (huésped de PhiX174) sembrada sobre agar soft en doble capa sobre placas de Petri (PD), ubicados cada 30cm de un maniquí. Se calcularon los promedios en área y tamaño de los aerosoles y las Unidades Formadoras de Placa- (UFP) sobre EC600 indicando bacteriófago infeccioso viable –PVI, en cada posición. Resultado_ Se encontró que la mayoría de los aerosoles fluorescentes mostraron una tendencia de desplazamiento hacía el operador, el asistente y el paciente. Se obtuvo una considerable carga viral de bacteriófagos incluso después de 30 min sobre placas de Petri y hasta por 60min después del procedimiento (distancia=1.5m) en el sector anterior y posterior. Tanto aerosoles fluorescentes como virales se detectaron en el 100% de las PD colocadas sobre el operador, incluso por debajo del visor. Conclusiones_ Los procedimientos odontológicos son generadores de aerosoles, que si están cargados de virus implican un riesgo potencial de infección en odontología. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren extremar las medidas de bioseguridad para el operador y su asistente. Se sugiere evaluar los diferentes métodos de mitigación de aerosoles en futuros estudios_
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-30T22:38:54Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-30T22:38:54Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Allison J, Currie C, Edwards D, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K et al. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;48(1):61-72. 2. Balanta-Melo, J., Gutiérrez, A., Sinisterra, G., Díaz-Posso, M., Gallego, D., Villavicencio, J. and Contreras, A., 2020. Rubber Dam Isolation and High-Volume Suction Reduce Ultrafine Dental Aerosol Particles: An Experiment in a Simulated Patient. Applied Sciences, 10(18), p.6345. 3. Bentley C, Burkhart N, Crawford J. Evaluating Spatter And Aerosol Contamination During Dental Procedures. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1994;125(5):579-584. 4. Choi, J., Kang, J., Hong, S., Bae, G. and Jung, J., 2017. A new method for the real-time quantification of airborne biological particles using a coupled inertial aerosol system with in situ fluorescence imaging. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 244, pp.635-641. 5. Clinical Research Program, S., 2021. Rapid Review of AGPs - SDCEP. [online] SDCEP. Available at: <https://www.sdcep.org.uk/published-guidance/covid-19-practice-recovery/rapid-review-of-agps/> [Accessed 16 July 2021]. 6. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Apr;135(4):429-37. 7. Holliday R, Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Pickering K, Reay S, Durham J, Lumb J, Rostami N, Coulter J, Nile C, Jakubovics N. Evaluating contaminated dental aerosol and splatter in an open plan clinic environment: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103565. 8. Innes N, Johnson IG, Al-Yaseen W, Harris R, Jones R, Kc S, McGregor S, Robertson M, Wade WG, Gallagher JE. A systematic review of droplet and aerosol generation in dentistry. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103556. 9. Jayaweera, M., Perera, H., Gunawardana, B. and Manatunge, J., 2020. Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy. Environmental Research, 188, p.109819. 10. Kobza, J. Pastuszka, J. and Brągoszewska, E., 2018. Do exposures to aerosols pose a risk to dental professionals?. Occupational Medicine, 68(7), pp.454-458. 11. Kohanski, M., Lo, L. and Waring, M., 2020. Review of indoor aerosol generation, transport, and control in the context of COVID‐19. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 10(10), pp.1173-1179. 12. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020 Apr;10(2):102-108 13. Liu, Z., Zhang, P., Li, Y., Yang, W., Guo, J., Liu, J., & Yao, G. . Assessment of spatial concentration variation and deposition of bioaerosol in a dental clinic during oral cleaning. Building and Environment, 2020. 108024. 14. Leung, N.H.L., Chu, D.K.W., Shiu, E.Y.C. et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med 26, 676–680 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2 15. Micik, R, Miller R., Mazzarella M, Ryge G, Studies on dental aerobiology: I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures, J. Dent. Res. 48 (1969) 49–56, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345690480012401 16. Pascolo L, Zupin L, Melato M, Tricarico P, Crovella S. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 Coexpression in SARS-CoV-2 Salivary Glands Infection. Journal of Dental Research. 2020;99(10):1120-1121. 17. Polednik, B. Exposure of staff to aerosols and bioaerosols in a dental office. Building and Environment, 2021. 187, 107388. 18. N. Van Doremalen, T. Bushmaker, D.H. Morris, M.G. Holbrook, A. Gamble, B.N. Williamson, A. Tamin, J.L. Harcourt, N.J. Thornburg, S.I. Gerber, J.O. Lloyd-Smith, E. de Wit, V.J. Munster, Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1, N. Engl. J. Med. 382(16) (2020) 1564-1567. 19. Yue L. Ventilation in the Dental Clinic: An Effective Measure to Control Droplets and Aerosols during the Coronavirus Pandemic and Beyond. Chin J Dent Res. 2020;23(2):105-107. doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.a44746. 20. Zemouri, C., de Soet, H., Crielaard, W. and Laheij, A. A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment. PLOS ONE, 2017.12(5), p.e0178007. 21. Judson SD, Munster VJ. Nosocomial Transmission of Emerging Viruses via Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures. Viruses. 2019 Oct 12;11(10):940. doi: 10.3390/v11100940 22. NHS National Services Scotland, Assessing the evidence base for medical procedures which create a higher risk of respiratory infection transmission from patient to healthcare worker, 2020. Available in: https://hpspubsrepo.blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/3055/documents/1_agp-sbar.pdf. 23. Grenier D. Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in two different dental clinic environments. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1995 Aug;61(8):3165-8. 24. Baron P. Generation and behavior of airborne particles (aerosols). In: PowerPoint Presentation. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers, 2010. 25. Hinds WC. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles: Wiley ; 1999. 26. Kumar, P. S., & Subramanian, K. (2020). Demystifying the mist: sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols. Journal of Periodontology. doi:10.1002/jper.20-0395 27. Micik RE, Miller RL, Mazzarella MA, Ryge G. Studies on dental aerobiology. I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures. J Dent Res. 1969 Jan-Feb;48(1):49-56. doi: 10.1177/00220345690480012401. PMID: 4887699. 28. Han, P.; Li, H.; Walsh, L.J.; Ivanovski, S. Splatters and Aerosols Contamination in Dental Aerosol Generating Procedures. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1914. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app11041914 29. Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K, Kozhevnikova E, Durham J, Nile CJ, Jakubovics N, Rostami N, Holliday R. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil. 2021 Jan;48(1):61-72. 30. Veena HR, et al. Dissemination of aerosol and splatter during ultrasonic scaling: A pilot study. J Infect Public Health (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.004 31. Tseng CC, Li CS. Collection efficiencies of aerosol samplers for virus-containing aerosols. J Aerosol Sci. 2005 May-Jun;36(5):593-607. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.12.004. Epub 2005 Jan 12. 32. Nulty, A., Lefkaditis, C., Zachrisson, P. et al. A clinical study measuring dental aerosols with and without a high-volume extraction device. Br Dent J (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2274-3
Allison J, Currie C, Edwards D, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K et al. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;48(1):61-72. Balanta-Melo, J., Gutiérrez, A., Sinisterra, G., Díaz-Posso, M., Gallego, D., Villavicencio, J. and Contreras, A., 2020. Rubber Dam Isolation and High-Volume Suction Reduce Ultrafine Dental Aerosol Particles: An Experiment in a Simulated Patient. Applied Sciences, 10(18), p.6345. Bentley C, Burkhart N, Crawford J. Evaluating Spatter And Aerosol Contamination During Dental Procedures. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1994;125(5):579-584. Choi, J., Kang, J., Hong, S., Bae, G. and Jung, J., 2017. A new method for the real-time quantification of airborne biological particles using a coupled inertial aerosol system with in situ fluorescence imaging. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 244, pp.635-641. Clinical Research Program, S., 2021. Rapid Review of AGPs - SDCEP. [online] SDCEP. Available at: <https://www.sdcep.org.uk/published-guidance/covid-19-practice-recovery/rapid-review-of-agps/> [Accessed 16 July 2021]. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Apr;135(4):429-37. Holliday R, Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Pickering K, Reay S, Durham J, Lumb J, Rostami N, Coulter J, Nile C, Jakubovics N. Evaluating contaminated dental aerosol and splatter in an open plan clinic environment: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103565. Innes N, Johnson IG, Al-Yaseen W, Harris R, Jones R, Kc S, McGregor S, Robertson M, Wade WG, Gallagher JE. A systematic review of droplet and aerosol generation in dentistry. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103556. Jayaweera, M., Perera, H., Gunawardana, B. and Manatunge, J., 2020. Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy. Environmental Research, 188, p.109819. Kobza, J. Pastuszka, J. and Brągoszewska, E., 2018. Do exposures to aerosols pose a risk to dental professionals?. Occupational Medicine, 68(7), pp.454-458. Kohanski, M., Lo, L. and Waring, M., 2020. Review of indoor aerosol generation, transport, and control in the context of COVID‐19. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 10(10), pp.1173-1179. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020 Apr;10(2):102-108 Liu, Z., Zhang, P., Li, Y., Yang, W., Guo, J., Liu, J., & Yao, G. . Assessment of spatial concentration variation and deposition of bioaerosol in a dental clinic during oral cleaning. Building and Environment, 2020. 108024. Leung, N.H.L., Chu, D.K.W., Shiu, E.Y.C. et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med 26, 676–680 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2 Micik, R, Miller R., Mazzarella M, Ryge G, Studies on dental aerobiology: I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures, J. Dent. Res. 48 (1969) 49–56, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345690480012401 Pascolo L, Zupin L, Melato M, Tricarico P, Crovella S. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 Coexpression in SARS-CoV-2 Salivary Glands Infection. Journal of Dental Research. 2020;99(10):1120-1121. Polednik, B. Exposure of staff to aerosols and bioaerosols in a dental office. Building and Environment, 2021. 187, 107388. N. Van Doremalen, T. Bushmaker, D.H. Morris, M.G. Holbrook, A. Gamble, B.N. Williamson, A. Tamin, J.L. Harcourt, N.J. Thornburg, S.I. Gerber, J.O. Lloyd-Smith, E. de Wit, V.J. Munster, Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1, N. Engl. J. Med. 382(16) (2020) 1564-1567. Yue L. Ventilation in the Dental Clinic: An Effective Measure to Control Droplets and Aerosols during the Coronavirus Pandemic and Beyond. Chin J Dent Res. 2020;23(2):105-107. doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.a44746. Zemouri, C., de Soet, H., Crielaard, W. and Laheij, A. A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment. PLOS ONE, 2017.12(5), p.e0178007. Judson SD, Munster VJ. Nosocomial Transmission of Emerging Viruses via Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures. Viruses. 2019 Oct 12;11(10):940. doi: 10.3390/v11100940 NHS National Services Scotland, Assessing the evidence base for medical procedures which create a higher risk of respiratory infection transmission from patient to healthcare worker, 2020. Available in: https://hpspubsrepo.blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/3055/documents/1_agp-sbar.pdf. Grenier D. Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in two different dental clinic environments. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1995 Aug;61(8):3165-8. Baron P. Generation and behavior of airborne particles (aerosols). In: PowerPoint Presentation. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers, 2010. Hinds WC. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles: Wiley ; 1999. Kumar, P. S., & Subramanian, K. (2020). Demystifying the mist: sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols. Journal of Periodontology. doi:10.1002/jper.20-0395 Micik RE, Miller RL, Mazzarella MA, Ryge G. Studies on dental aerobiology. I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures. J Dent Res. 1969 Jan-Feb;48(1):49-56. doi: 10.1177/00220345690480012401. PMID: 4887699. Han, P.; Li, H.; Walsh, L.J.; Ivanovski, S. Splatters and Aerosols Contamination in Dental Aerosol Generating Procedures. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1914. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app11041914 Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K, Kozhevnikova E, Durham J, Nile CJ, Jakubovics N, Rostami N, Holliday R. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil. 2021 Jan;48(1):61-72. Veena HR, et al. Dissemination of aerosol and splatter during ultrasonic scaling: A pilot study. J Infect Public Health (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.004 Tseng CC, Li CS. Collection efficiencies of aerosol samplers for virus-containing aerosols. J Aerosol Sci. 2005 May-Jun;36(5):593-607. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.12.004. Epub 2005 Jan 12. Nulty, A., Lefkaditis, C., Zachrisson, P. et al. A clinical study measuring dental aerosols with and without a high-volume extraction device. Br Dent J (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2274-3
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spelling Beltrán Zúñiga, Edgar OrlandoMartignon, StefaniaCortés, AndreaLeón Carrero, MerivethMontes Alvarado, Damari Elizabeth2022-06-30T22:38:54Z2022-06-30T22:38:54Z2022http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/8103instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coLa pandemia de COVID-19, esto ha conllevado a la realización de diversos estudios para observar el potencial infeccioso, ya que contienen microorganismos de diferente tamaño molecular (0.1 hasta 10 micrones en diámetro) y pueden quedar suspendidos en el ambiente. Objetivo_ Comparar la generación de aerosoles (distancia, tamaño, permanencia y carga viral) en el aire de aerosoles producidos durante la realización de tratamientos restauradores en el sector anterosuperior y posteroinferior. Metodología_ Simulación experimental en un consultorio cerrado de 10.5 mts 2 se posicionaron 8 cintas desde la fuente de generación de aerosoles siguiendo las manecillas del reloj, se colocaron muestras en paciente, operador y auxiliar. Dientes se instrumentaron con pieza de alta velocidad de alto torque y agua desionizada o buffer-SM (pH7.4) para diluir fluoresceína (5%) o bacteriófago-PhiX174 (1x105PFU), respectivamente para ser aerosolizados independientemente en dos procedimientos de operatoria dental en el sector anterosuperior y posteroinferior. Los aerosoles fueron recolectados durante y después (30-60min) de cada procedimiento, utilizando filtros de papel o cultivos Escherichia-coli C600 (EC600) (huésped de PhiX174) sembrada sobre agar soft en doble capa sobre placas de Petri (PD), ubicados cada 30cm de un maniquí. Se calcularon los promedios en área y tamaño de los aerosoles y las Unidades Formadoras de Placa- (UFP) sobre EC600 indicando bacteriófago infeccioso viable –PVI, en cada posición. Resultado_ Se encontró que la mayoría de los aerosoles fluorescentes mostraron una tendencia de desplazamiento hacía el operador, el asistente y el paciente. Se obtuvo una considerable carga viral de bacteriófagos incluso después de 30 min sobre placas de Petri y hasta por 60min después del procedimiento (distancia=1.5m) en el sector anterior y posterior. Tanto aerosoles fluorescentes como virales se detectaron en el 100% de las PD colocadas sobre el operador, incluso por debajo del visor. Conclusiones_ Los procedimientos odontológicos son generadores de aerosoles, que si están cargados de virus implican un riesgo potencial de infección en odontología. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren extremar las medidas de bioseguridad para el operador y su asistente. Se sugiere evaluar los diferentes métodos de mitigación de aerosoles en futuros estudios_Especialista en Operatoria Dental Estética y Materiales DentalesEspecializaciónBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic, has led to the development of several studies to observe the infectious potential of bio-aerosols, since they contain microorganisms of different molecular size (0.1 to 10 microns in diameter) and can remain suspended in the environment. Objective: To compare the generation of aerosols (distance, size, permanence, and viral load) in the air of those produced during restorative treatments in the antero-superior and postero-inferior sector. Materials and methods: Experimental simulation in a closed office of 10.5 mts2, eight tapes were positioned clockwise from the source of aerosol generation, additional samples were placed on the patient, operator and assistant. Teeth were instrumented with high-torque high-speed dental handpiece and deionized water or buffer-SM (pH7.4) to dilute fluorescein (5%) or bacteriophage-PhiX174 (1x105PFU), respectively to be aerosolized independently in two dental operative procedures in the mentioned sectors. Aerosols were collected during and after (30-60min) each procedure using paper filters or Escherichia-coli C600 (EC600) cultures (host of PhiX174) seeded on soft agar in double layer on petri dishes (PD), placed every 30cm from a dummy. Averages in area and size of aerosols and plate forming units (PFU) were calculated on EC600 indicating viable infectious bacteriophage -PVI, at each position. Results: Most fluorescent aerosols showed a tendency to move towards the operator, the assistant, and the patient. A considerable viral load of bacteriophages were detected even at 30 min on petri dishes and for up to 60min after the procedure (distance=1.5 m) in the anterior and posterior sector. Both fluorescent aerosols, and aerosols with infectious virus were detected in 100% of the samples placed, additionally on the operator and underneath the visor. Conclusions: Treatments in dentistry are highly aerosol-generating procedures, which if virus-laden, they imply a potential risk of infection. Overall, the results urge the operators and assistants to take extreme biosafety measures. In the future, different aerosol mitigation methos should be evaluated.application/pdfspaAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Acceso abiertoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2BioaerosolProcedimientos generadores de aerosolSARS-CoV-2Procedimientos DentalesCoronavirusBacteriofagoBioaerosolAerosol-generating proceduresSARS-CoV-2Dental proceduresCoronavirusBacteriophagueWU300Caracterización de los bioaerosoles producidos a partir de la realización de tratamientos restauradores en dos sectores de la cavidad oralEspecialización en Operatoria Dental Estética y Materiales DentalesUniversidad El BosqueFacultad de OdontologíaTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a851. Allison J, Currie C, Edwards D, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K et al. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;48(1):61-72. 2. Balanta-Melo, J., Gutiérrez, A., Sinisterra, G., Díaz-Posso, M., Gallego, D., Villavicencio, J. and Contreras, A., 2020. Rubber Dam Isolation and High-Volume Suction Reduce Ultrafine Dental Aerosol Particles: An Experiment in a Simulated Patient. Applied Sciences, 10(18), p.6345. 3. Bentley C, Burkhart N, Crawford J. Evaluating Spatter And Aerosol Contamination During Dental Procedures. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1994;125(5):579-584. 4. Choi, J., Kang, J., Hong, S., Bae, G. and Jung, J., 2017. A new method for the real-time quantification of airborne biological particles using a coupled inertial aerosol system with in situ fluorescence imaging. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 244, pp.635-641. 5. Clinical Research Program, S., 2021. Rapid Review of AGPs - SDCEP. [online] SDCEP. Available at: <https://www.sdcep.org.uk/published-guidance/covid-19-practice-recovery/rapid-review-of-agps/> [Accessed 16 July 2021]. 6. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Apr;135(4):429-37. 7. Holliday R, Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Pickering K, Reay S, Durham J, Lumb J, Rostami N, Coulter J, Nile C, Jakubovics N. Evaluating contaminated dental aerosol and splatter in an open plan clinic environment: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103565. 8. Innes N, Johnson IG, Al-Yaseen W, Harris R, Jones R, Kc S, McGregor S, Robertson M, Wade WG, Gallagher JE. A systematic review of droplet and aerosol generation in dentistry. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103556. 9. Jayaweera, M., Perera, H., Gunawardana, B. and Manatunge, J., 2020. Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy. Environmental Research, 188, p.109819. 10. Kobza, J. Pastuszka, J. and Brągoszewska, E., 2018. Do exposures to aerosols pose a risk to dental professionals?. Occupational Medicine, 68(7), pp.454-458. 11. Kohanski, M., Lo, L. and Waring, M., 2020. Review of indoor aerosol generation, transport, and control in the context of COVID‐19. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 10(10), pp.1173-1179. 12. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020 Apr;10(2):102-108 13. Liu, Z., Zhang, P., Li, Y., Yang, W., Guo, J., Liu, J., & Yao, G. . Assessment of spatial concentration variation and deposition of bioaerosol in a dental clinic during oral cleaning. Building and Environment, 2020. 108024. 14. Leung, N.H.L., Chu, D.K.W., Shiu, E.Y.C. et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med 26, 676–680 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2 15. Micik, R, Miller R., Mazzarella M, Ryge G, Studies on dental aerobiology: I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures, J. Dent. Res. 48 (1969) 49–56, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345690480012401 16. Pascolo L, Zupin L, Melato M, Tricarico P, Crovella S. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 Coexpression in SARS-CoV-2 Salivary Glands Infection. Journal of Dental Research. 2020;99(10):1120-1121. 17. Polednik, B. Exposure of staff to aerosols and bioaerosols in a dental office. Building and Environment, 2021. 187, 107388. 18. N. Van Doremalen, T. Bushmaker, D.H. Morris, M.G. Holbrook, A. Gamble, B.N. Williamson, A. Tamin, J.L. Harcourt, N.J. Thornburg, S.I. Gerber, J.O. Lloyd-Smith, E. de Wit, V.J. Munster, Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1, N. Engl. J. Med. 382(16) (2020) 1564-1567. 19. Yue L. Ventilation in the Dental Clinic: An Effective Measure to Control Droplets and Aerosols during the Coronavirus Pandemic and Beyond. Chin J Dent Res. 2020;23(2):105-107. doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.a44746. 20. Zemouri, C., de Soet, H., Crielaard, W. and Laheij, A. A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment. PLOS ONE, 2017.12(5), p.e0178007. 21. Judson SD, Munster VJ. Nosocomial Transmission of Emerging Viruses via Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures. Viruses. 2019 Oct 12;11(10):940. doi: 10.3390/v11100940 22. NHS National Services Scotland, Assessing the evidence base for medical procedures which create a higher risk of respiratory infection transmission from patient to healthcare worker, 2020. Available in: https://hpspubsrepo.blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/3055/documents/1_agp-sbar.pdf. 23. Grenier D. Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in two different dental clinic environments. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1995 Aug;61(8):3165-8. 24. Baron P. Generation and behavior of airborne particles (aerosols). In: PowerPoint Presentation. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers, 2010. 25. Hinds WC. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles: Wiley ; 1999. 26. Kumar, P. S., & Subramanian, K. (2020). Demystifying the mist: sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols. Journal of Periodontology. doi:10.1002/jper.20-0395 27. Micik RE, Miller RL, Mazzarella MA, Ryge G. Studies on dental aerobiology. I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures. J Dent Res. 1969 Jan-Feb;48(1):49-56. doi: 10.1177/00220345690480012401. PMID: 4887699. 28. Han, P.; Li, H.; Walsh, L.J.; Ivanovski, S. Splatters and Aerosols Contamination in Dental Aerosol Generating Procedures. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1914. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app11041914 29. Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K, Kozhevnikova E, Durham J, Nile CJ, Jakubovics N, Rostami N, Holliday R. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil. 2021 Jan;48(1):61-72. 30. Veena HR, et al. Dissemination of aerosol and splatter during ultrasonic scaling: A pilot study. J Infect Public Health (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.004 31. Tseng CC, Li CS. Collection efficiencies of aerosol samplers for virus-containing aerosols. J Aerosol Sci. 2005 May-Jun;36(5):593-607. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.12.004. Epub 2005 Jan 12. 32. Nulty, A., Lefkaditis, C., Zachrisson, P. et al. A clinical study measuring dental aerosols with and without a high-volume extraction device. Br Dent J (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2274-3Allison J, Currie C, Edwards D, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K et al. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;48(1):61-72. Balanta-Melo, J., Gutiérrez, A., Sinisterra, G., Díaz-Posso, M., Gallego, D., Villavicencio, J. and Contreras, A., 2020. Rubber Dam Isolation and High-Volume Suction Reduce Ultrafine Dental Aerosol Particles: An Experiment in a Simulated Patient. Applied Sciences, 10(18), p.6345. Bentley C, Burkhart N, Crawford J. Evaluating Spatter And Aerosol Contamination During Dental Procedures. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1994;125(5):579-584. Choi, J., Kang, J., Hong, S., Bae, G. and Jung, J., 2017. A new method for the real-time quantification of airborne biological particles using a coupled inertial aerosol system with in situ fluorescence imaging. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 244, pp.635-641. Clinical Research Program, S., 2021. Rapid Review of AGPs - SDCEP. [online] SDCEP. Available at: <https://www.sdcep.org.uk/published-guidance/covid-19-practice-recovery/rapid-review-of-agps/> [Accessed 16 July 2021]. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Apr;135(4):429-37. Holliday R, Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Pickering K, Reay S, Durham J, Lumb J, Rostami N, Coulter J, Nile C, Jakubovics N. Evaluating contaminated dental aerosol and splatter in an open plan clinic environment: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103565. Innes N, Johnson IG, Al-Yaseen W, Harris R, Jones R, Kc S, McGregor S, Robertson M, Wade WG, Gallagher JE. A systematic review of droplet and aerosol generation in dentistry. J Dent. 2021 Feb;105:103556. Jayaweera, M., Perera, H., Gunawardana, B. and Manatunge, J., 2020. Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy. Environmental Research, 188, p.109819. Kobza, J. Pastuszka, J. and Brągoszewska, E., 2018. Do exposures to aerosols pose a risk to dental professionals?. Occupational Medicine, 68(7), pp.454-458. Kohanski, M., Lo, L. and Waring, M., 2020. Review of indoor aerosol generation, transport, and control in the context of COVID‐19. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 10(10), pp.1173-1179. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020 Apr;10(2):102-108 Liu, Z., Zhang, P., Li, Y., Yang, W., Guo, J., Liu, J., & Yao, G. . Assessment of spatial concentration variation and deposition of bioaerosol in a dental clinic during oral cleaning. Building and Environment, 2020. 108024. Leung, N.H.L., Chu, D.K.W., Shiu, E.Y.C. et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med 26, 676–680 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2 Micik, R, Miller R., Mazzarella M, Ryge G, Studies on dental aerobiology: I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures, J. Dent. Res. 48 (1969) 49–56, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345690480012401 Pascolo L, Zupin L, Melato M, Tricarico P, Crovella S. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 Coexpression in SARS-CoV-2 Salivary Glands Infection. Journal of Dental Research. 2020;99(10):1120-1121. Polednik, B. Exposure of staff to aerosols and bioaerosols in a dental office. Building and Environment, 2021. 187, 107388. N. Van Doremalen, T. Bushmaker, D.H. Morris, M.G. Holbrook, A. Gamble, B.N. Williamson, A. Tamin, J.L. Harcourt, N.J. Thornburg, S.I. Gerber, J.O. Lloyd-Smith, E. de Wit, V.J. Munster, Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1, N. Engl. J. Med. 382(16) (2020) 1564-1567. Yue L. Ventilation in the Dental Clinic: An Effective Measure to Control Droplets and Aerosols during the Coronavirus Pandemic and Beyond. Chin J Dent Res. 2020;23(2):105-107. doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.a44746. Zemouri, C., de Soet, H., Crielaard, W. and Laheij, A. A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment. PLOS ONE, 2017.12(5), p.e0178007. Judson SD, Munster VJ. Nosocomial Transmission of Emerging Viruses via Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures. Viruses. 2019 Oct 12;11(10):940. doi: 10.3390/v11100940 NHS National Services Scotland, Assessing the evidence base for medical procedures which create a higher risk of respiratory infection transmission from patient to healthcare worker, 2020. Available in: https://hpspubsrepo.blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/3055/documents/1_agp-sbar.pdf. Grenier D. Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in two different dental clinic environments. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1995 Aug;61(8):3165-8. Baron P. Generation and behavior of airborne particles (aerosols). In: PowerPoint Presentation. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers, 2010. Hinds WC. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles: Wiley ; 1999. Kumar, P. S., & Subramanian, K. (2020). Demystifying the mist: sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols. Journal of Periodontology. doi:10.1002/jper.20-0395 Micik RE, Miller RL, Mazzarella MA, Ryge G. Studies on dental aerobiology. I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures. J Dent Res. 1969 Jan-Feb;48(1):49-56. doi: 10.1177/00220345690480012401. PMID: 4887699. Han, P.; Li, H.; Walsh, L.J.; Ivanovski, S. Splatters and Aerosols Contamination in Dental Aerosol Generating Procedures. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1914. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app11041914 Allison JR, Currie CC, Edwards DC, Bowes C, Coulter J, Pickering K, Kozhevnikova E, Durham J, Nile CJ, Jakubovics N, Rostami N, Holliday R. Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil. 2021 Jan;48(1):61-72. Veena HR, et al. Dissemination of aerosol and splatter during ultrasonic scaling: A pilot study. J Infect Public Health (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.004 Tseng CC, Li CS. Collection efficiencies of aerosol samplers for virus-containing aerosols. J Aerosol Sci. 2005 May-Jun;36(5):593-607. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.12.004. Epub 2005 Jan 12. Nulty, A., Lefkaditis, C., Zachrisson, P. et al. A clinical study measuring dental aerosols with and without a high-volume extraction device. 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