Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia
graficas, mapas, tablas
- Autores:
-
Echeverri-Rubio, Alejandro
- Tipo de recurso:
- Doctoral thesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85973
- Palabra clave:
- 300 - Ciencias sociales::303 - Procesos sociales
Gobernanza
Sostenibilidad
Socioecosistemas
Turismo
Conflictos socioecológicos
Prospectiva
Parque Nacional Natural Nevados
Salento/Cocora
San Cipriano
Governance
Sustainability
Socio-ecosystems
Tourism
Socio-ecological conflicts
Prospective
Nevados National Natural Park
Salento/Cocora
San Cipriano
Turismo cultural
Cultural tourism
Ecoturismo
Ecotourism
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id |
UNACIONAL2_f9b05e5af037fce62d54238295727482 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85973 |
network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia |
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Challenges for governance actors in the sustainability of socio-ecosystems with tourism use in Colombia |
title |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia |
spellingShingle |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia 300 - Ciencias sociales::303 - Procesos sociales Gobernanza Sostenibilidad Socioecosistemas Turismo Conflictos socioecológicos Prospectiva Parque Nacional Natural Nevados Salento/Cocora San Cipriano Governance Sustainability Socio-ecosystems Tourism Socio-ecological conflicts Prospective Nevados National Natural Park Salento/Cocora San Cipriano Turismo cultural Cultural tourism Ecoturismo Ecotourism |
title_short |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia |
title_full |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia |
title_fullStr |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia |
title_sort |
Desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Echeverri-Rubio, Alejandro |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Vieira Salazar, Jaime Andrés |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Echeverri-Rubio, Alejandro |
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Gestión Responsable para la Sostenibilidad Territorial -Grest- |
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Echeverri Rubio, Alejandro [0000000236115438] |
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/jsp/report-index.jsp |
dc.contributor.scopus.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/authid/detail.uri?origin=resultslist&authorId=57200200131&zone= |
dc.contributor.researchgate.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alejandro-Echeverri-Rubio-2 |
dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PNGOX6cAAAAJ&hl=en |
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
300 - Ciencias sociales::303 - Procesos sociales |
topic |
300 - Ciencias sociales::303 - Procesos sociales Gobernanza Sostenibilidad Socioecosistemas Turismo Conflictos socioecológicos Prospectiva Parque Nacional Natural Nevados Salento/Cocora San Cipriano Governance Sustainability Socio-ecosystems Tourism Socio-ecological conflicts Prospective Nevados National Natural Park Salento/Cocora San Cipriano Turismo cultural Cultural tourism Ecoturismo Ecotourism |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Gobernanza Sostenibilidad Socioecosistemas Turismo Conflictos socioecológicos Prospectiva Parque Nacional Natural Nevados Salento/Cocora San Cipriano |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Governance Sustainability Socio-ecosystems Tourism Socio-ecological conflicts Prospective Nevados National Natural Park Salento/Cocora San Cipriano |
dc.subject.unesco.none.fl_str_mv |
Turismo cultural Cultural tourism Ecoturismo Ecotourism |
description |
graficas, mapas, tablas |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-04-25T14:03:07Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-04-25T14:03:07Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Doctorado |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85973 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85973 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abdullah, y Raman. (2001). Quantitative and qualitative research methods: Some strengths and weaknesses. Jurnal Pendidik Dan Pendidikan, Jilid. http://apjee.usm.my/JPP_17_2001/Jilid%2017%20Artikel%2010.pdf Adriana, B. (2009). Environmental supply chain management in tourism: The case of large tour operators. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(16), 1385–1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.06.010 Adrianto, L., Kurniawan, F., Romadhon, A., Bengen, D. G., Sjafrie, N. D. M., Damar, A., y Kleinertz, S. (2021). Assessing social-ecological system carrying capacity for urban small island tourism: The case of Tidung Islands, Jakarta Capital Province, Indonesia. In Ocean & Coastal Management (Vol. 212, p. 105844). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105844 Alessandro, M., Lagomarsino, B. C., Scartascini, C., y Torrealday, J. (2019). Transparency and Trust in Government: Evidence from a Survey Experiment. IDB Working paper series Nº IDB-WP-962 https://doi.org/10.18235/0001569 Alexander, K. A., Ramotadima, M., y Sanderson, C. E. (2018). The power of consensus: Developing a community voice in land use planning and tourism development in biodiversity hotspots. Ecosystem Services, 30, 350-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.02.008 Alhasni, Z. (2021). Tourism versus Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Tourism – an element of economic growth of metropolitan cities, entrepreneurs. In Studies of Applied Economics (Vol. 39, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i4.4587 Allen, M. D., Pettus, C., y Haider-Markel, D. P. (2004). Making the national local: Specifying the conditions for national government influence on state policymaking. State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 4(3), 318-344. https://doi.org/10.1177/153244000400400 Alliance, R. (2007). Assessing and managing resilience in social-ecological systems: Volume 2, supplementary notes to the practitioners workbook. Resilience Alliance, Sweden. https://ia802800.us.archive.org/13/items/resilience_practitioner_workbook_suppl_notes_1.0/resilience_practitioner_workbook_suppl_notes_1.0.pdf Alonso, A. D., y Nyanjom, J. (2017). Local stakeholders, role and tourism development. In Current Issues in Tourism (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 480–496). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1078782 Amore, A., y Hall, M. C. (2016). From governance to meta-governance in tourism? Re-incorporating politics, interests and values in the analysis of tourism governance. In Tourism Recreation Research (Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 109–122). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2016.1151162 Andriesse, E., Saguin, K., Ablo, A. D., Kittitornkool, J., Kongkaew, C., Mang'ena, J., ... y Yang, J. (2022). Aligning bottom-up initiatives and top-down policies? A comparative analysis of overfishing and coastal governance in Ghana, Tanzania, the Philippines, and Thailand. Journal of Rural Studies, 92, 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.032 Anika, J. J., Khan, M. Y. H., y Hassan, A. (2020). The Role of Local Government in Tourism Development: Evidence from Kuakata, Bangladesh. In Tourism Policy and Planning in Bangladesh (pp. 33–50). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7014-8_3 Anjos, F. A. dos, dos Anjos, F. A., y Kennell, J. (2019). Tourism, Governance and Sustainable Development. In Sustainability (Vol. 11, Issue 16, p. 4257). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164257 Ansell, C., y Gash, A. (2018). Collaborative Platforms as a Governance Strategy. In Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 16–32). https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux030 Añasco, C. P., Monteclaro, H. M., Catedrilla, L. C., Lizada, J. C., y Baylon, C. C. (2021). Measuring Small Island Disaster Resilience Towards Sustainable Coastal and Fisheries Tourism: The Case of Guimaras, Philippines. In Human Ecology (Vol. 49, Issue 4, pp. 467–479). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00241-0 Aragon-Gastelum, J. L., Uc May, D. D., Neri-Hernandez, J. J., Duarte-Canul, J. A., y Gonzalez-Duran, E. A. (2020). Sustainability, gender, and distribution of economic benefits of ecotourism in Isla Arena, Campeche, Mexico. Interciencia, 45(7), 338-344. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/339/33963922007/html/ Arjoon, S. (2006). Striking a balance between rules and principles-based approaches for effective governance: A risks-based approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 68, 53-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9040-6 Aslan, A., y Kozak, M. (2019). Neoliberal Collaboration of Tourism Academia and Industry: The Case of Destination Governance. In N. Kozak & M. Kozak (Eds.), Tourist Destination Management: Instruments, Products, and Case Studies (pp. 15–26). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16981-7_2 Aßländer, M. S. (2021). Subsidiarity, wicked problems and the matter of failing states. In Journal of Global Ethics (Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 285–301). https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2021.1933137 Atmodjo, E., Lamers, M., y Mol, A. P. J. (2020). Governing Dynamics in Marine Conservation Tourism in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 17, Issue 6, pp. 655–673). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1686652 Aytekin, A., Keles, H., Uslu, F., Keles, A., Yayla, O., Tarinc, A., y Ergun, G. S. (2023). The Effect of Responsible Tourism Perception on Place Attachment and Support for Sustainable Tourism Development: The Moderator Role of Environmental Awareness. Sustainability, 15(7), 5865. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075865 Badoc-Gonzales, B. P., Mandigma, M. B. S., y Tan, J. J. (2022). SME resilience as a catalyst for tourism destinations: a literature review. In Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-022-00309-1 Baggio, R. (2008). Symptoms of Complexity in a Tourism System. In Tourism Analysis (Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 1–20). https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208784548797 Baggio, R., Scott, N., y Cooper, C. (2011). Design of tourism governance networks. In Tourist destination governance: practice, theory and issues (pp. 159–171). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845937942.0159 Bai, J., Chen, Y., y Long, Y. (2021). The structural equivalence of tourism cooperative network in the Belt and Road Initiative Area. Environmental Research, 197, 111043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111043 Baltaci, F., y Cevirgen, A. (2020). The impacts of second home tourism on socio-cultural and economic life: The residents’ perspectives. In Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA (Vol. 70, Issue 3, pp. 273–288). https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2003273b Banisar, D., Parmar, S., de Silva, L., y Excell, C. (2011). Moving from principles to rights: Rio 2012 and access to information, public participation, and justice. Sustainable Dev. L. & Pol'y, 12, 8. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2164685 Baptista, J. M. L., Pocinho, M., y Nechita, F., (2019). Tourism and Public Policy. In Series V - Economic Sciences (Vol. 12(61), Issue 1, pp. 77–86). https://doi.org/10.31926/but.es.2019.12.61.1.11 Barelkowski, R. (2009). Involving social participation in the preservation of heritage: the experience of Greater Poland and Kujavia. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 122, 435-446. https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-ecology-and-the-environment/122/20393 Barrutia, J. M., y Echebarria, C. (2019). Comparing three theories of participation in pro-environmental, collaborative governance networks. Journal of Environmental Management, 240, 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.103 Bawden, D. (2004). Philosophies of Social Science: The Classic and Contemporary Readings. Journal of Documentation, 60(2), 231–234. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410410523169 Baxamusa, M. H. (2008). Empowering communities through deliberation the model of community benefits agreements. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 27(3), 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X07308448 Beaumont, N., y Dredge, D. (2010). Local tourism governance: a comparison of three network approaches. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 7–28). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903215139 Becken, S., y Loehr, J. (2022). Tourism governance and enabling drivers for intensifying climate action. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2032099 Beltramo, R., Peira, G., y Bonadonna, A. (2021). Creating a Tourism Destination through Local Heritage: The Stakeholders’ Priorities in the Canavese Area (Northwest Italy). In Land (Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 260). https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030260 Benckendorff, P., y Zehrer, A. (2013). A network analysis of tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 43, 121-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.04.005 Benneworth, P., y Roberts, P. (2002). Devolution, Sustainability and Local Economic Development: Impacts on Local Autonomy, Policymaking and Economic Development Outcomes. In Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit (Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 239–252). https://doi.org/10.1080/02690940210152540 Bergh, D. D., y Lawless, M. W. (1998). Portfolio restructuring and limits to hierarchical governance: The effects of environmental uncertainty and diversification strategy. Organization science, 9(1), 87-102. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2640423 Beritelli, P., y Bieger, T. (2014). From destination governance to destination leadership – defining and exploring the significance with the help of a systemic perspective. In Tourism Review (Vol. 69, Issue 1, pp. 25–46). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2013-0043 Berkes, F., y Folke, C. (1994). Linking Social and Ecological Systems for Resilience and Sustainability. https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/4352/Berkes-linking_social_and_ecological_systems_for_resilience_and_sustainability.pdf?sequence=1 Berkes, F., y Ross, H. (2013). Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach. In Society & Natural Resources (Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 5–20). https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2012.736605 Berkwits, M., y Aronowitz, R. (1995). Different questions beg different methods [Review of Different questions beg different methods]. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 10(7), 409–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02599845 Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Rowman & Littlefield. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/11396/Russel-Research-Method-in-Anthropology.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Berselli, C., Pereira, L. A., Pereira, T., y Limberger, P. F. (2022). Overtourism: Residents’ Perceived Impacts of Tourism Saturation. In Tourism Analysis (Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 161–172). https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221x16187814403074 Bhandari, R. (2021). Talking Crime and Aggression: Tourism and Governance in Agra, India. In South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies (Vol. 44, Issue 4, pp. 721–738). https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2021.1941524 Bianchi, R. V. (2004). Tourism Restructuring and the Politics of Sustainability: A Critical View From the European Periphery (The Canary Islands). In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp. 495–529). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667251 Bichler, B. F. (2021). Designing tourism governance: The role of local residents. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 19, p. 100389). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100389 Bichler, B. F., y Lösch, M. (2019). Collaborative Governance in Tourism: Empirical Insights into a Community-Oriented Destination. In Sustainability (Vol. 11, Issue 23, p. 6673). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236673 Bieger, T. (1998). Reengineering destination marketing organizations: The case of Switzerland. Tourism Review, 3, 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058277 Biggs, R., Clements, H., de Vos, A., Folke, C., Manyani, A., Maciejewski, K., ... y Schlüter, M. (2021). What are social-ecological systems and social-ecological systems research?. In The routledge handbook of research methods for social-ecological systems (pp. 3-26). Routledge. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/49560/9781000401516.pdf?sequence=1#page=36 Blijleven, W. (2022). Expert, bureaucrat, facilitator: the role of expert public servants in interactive governance. Local Government Studies, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2022.2047028 Bobic, S., y Akhavan, M. (2022). Tourism gentrification in Mediterranean heritage cities. The necessity for multidisciplinary planning. In Cities (Vol. 124, p. 103616). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103616 Bock, I. A., Costa, R., Rodrigues, C., y Macke, J. (2021). Examining the concept of governance in tourism research. In Tourism and hospitality management (Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 629–668). https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.27.3.9 Bojanowski, M. (2016). Introduction to Social Network Analysis with R. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com/books/about/Introduction_to_Social_Network_Analysis.html?hl=&id=4xbWBgAAQBAJ Bombini, G., Di Mauro, N., Esposito, F., y Ferilli, S. (2009). Incremental learning from positive examples. Universit`a degli Studi di Bari, Dipartimento di Informatica. http://www.programmazionelogica.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/cilc09-proceedings.pdf#page=117 Borges, M., Eusébio, C., y Carvalho, N. (2014). Governance for sustainable tourism: A review and directions for future research. In European Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 7, pp. 45–56). https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v7i.139 Botterill, D., y Platenkamp, V. (2012). Key Concepts in Tourism Research. SAGE. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=MOB6bzfu1p8C Boyd, B. K., Adams, R., y Gove, S. (2017). Research methodology of governance studies: Challenges and opportunities. In Corporate Governance: An International Review (Vol. 25, Issue 6, pp. 382–383). https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12225 Boyer-Villemaire, U., Benavente, J., Cooper, J. A. G., y Bernatchez, P. (2014). Analysis of power distribution and participation in sustainable natural hazard risk governance: a call for active participation. Environmental Hazards, 13(1), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2013.864592 Bramwell, B. (1996). Sustainable Tourism Management: Principles and Practice. https://archive.org/details/sustainabletouri0000unse_q1t3/mode/1up?view=theater Bramwell, B. (2010). Participative Planning and Governance for Sustainable Tourism. In Tourism Recreation Research (Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp. 239–249). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2010.11081640 Bramwell, B. (2011). Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: a political economy approach. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 459–477). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.576765 Bramwell, B. (2013). Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: a political economy approach. In Tourism Governance (pp. 59–78). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.576765 Bramwell, B., y Lane, B. (1993). Interpretation and Sustainable Tourism: The Potential and the Pitfalls. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 71–80). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589309450706 Bramwell, B., y Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 411–421). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586 Bramwell, B., y Lane, B. (2013). Tourism Governance: Critical Perspectives on Governance and Sustainability. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203721025/tourism-governance-bill-bramwell-bernard-lane Bramwell, B., y Meyer, D. (2007). Power and tourism policy relations in transition. Annals of tourism research, 34(3), 766-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.03.009 Breiger, R. L. (2004). The analysis of social networks. Handbook of data analysis, 505-526. En: Handbook of Data Analysis, edited by Melissa Hardy and Alan Bryman. London: SAGE Publications, 2004. https://www.u.arizona.edu/~breiger/NetworkAnalysis.pdf Brida, J. G., Monterubbianesi, P. D. l., y Zapata-Aguirre. (2011). Impactos del turismo sobre el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo. El caso de los principales destinos turísticos de Colombia. En PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural (Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 291–303). https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2011.09.026 Brown, J. (2006). Reflexivity in the research process: Psychoanalytic observations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9(3), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570600652776 Bryman, A. (2015). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_Research_Methods.html?hl=&id=N2zQCgAAQBAJ Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals Of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003 Buonincontri, P., y Micera, R. (2016). The experience co-creation in smart tourism destinations: a multiple case analysis of European destinations. Information Technology & Tourism, 16, 285- https://doi.org/315. 10.1007/s40558-016-0060-5 Burns, P. M. (2004). Tourism planning: A third way?. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.001 Butler, R. (2020). Tourism – resilient but vulnerable as “the times they are a changing” in the “new normality.” In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp. 663–670). https://doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2020-0063 Butler, R. W. (1999). Sustainable tourism: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Place, Space and the Environment, 1(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616689908721291 Byrd, E. T. (2007). Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and their roles: applying stakeholder theory to sustainable tourism development. In Tourism Review (Vol. 62, Issue 2, pp. 6–13). https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370780000309 Calgaro, E., Lloyd, K., y Dominey-Howes, D. (2014). From vulnerability to transformation: a framework for assessing the vulnerability and resilience of tourism destinations. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 341–360). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.826229 Calvete, H. I., Galé, C., Iranzo, J. A., y Mateo, P. M. (2023). A decision tool based on bilevel optimization for the allocation of water resources in a hierarchical system. International Transactions in Operational Research, 30(4), 1673-1702. https://doi.org/10.1111/itor.12943 Canavan, B. (2016). Tourism culture: Nexus, characteristics, context and sustainability. In Tourism Management (Vol. 53, pp. 229–243). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.10.002 Caponi, V. (2022). The economic and environmental effects of seasonality of tourism: A look at solid waste. In Ecological Economics (Vol. 192, p. 107262). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107262 Carpenter, S. R., Westley, F., y Turner, M. G. (2005). Surrogates for Resilience of Social–Ecological Systems. In Ecosystems (Vol. 8, Issue 8, pp. 941–944). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0170-y Casiano-Flores, C., Vikolainen, V., y Bressers, H. (2016). Water governance decentralisation and river basin management reforms in hierarchical systems: do they work for water treatment policy in Mexico’s Tlaxcala Atoyac Sub-basin?. Water, 8(5), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8050210 Castiglioni, C., Lozza, E., Anselmi, P., y Rossi, R. (2020). Assessing social impact in the field of sustainable tourism development: Evidence from Cabo Delgado (MZ). In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 37, Issue 4, pp. 553–569). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2019.1660858 Cehan, A., Eva, M., y Iațu, C. (2021). A multilayer network approach to tourism collaboration. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 46, pp. 316–326). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.006 Cengiz, C., Cengiz, B., y Smardon, R. C. (2022). A Bridge between Coastal Resilience and Tourism-Recreation: Multifunctional Benefit of Boardwalk Design for Sustainable Development in the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. In Water (Vol. 14, Issue 9, p. 1434). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091434 Chan, J. K. L., Marzuki, K. M., y Mohtar, T. M. (2021). Local Community Participation and Responsible Tourism Practices in Ecotourism Destination: A Case of Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 23, p. 13302). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313302 Chattopadhyay, M., Kumar, A., Ali, S., y Mitra, S. K. (2022). Human development and tourism growth’s relationship across countries: a panel threshold analysis. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issue 6, pp. 1384–1402). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1949017 Chenail, R. J. (2011). Interviewing the investigator: Strategies for addressing instrumentation and researcher bias concerns in qualitative research. Qualitative report, 16(1), 255-262. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol16/iss1/16/ Cheng, L., y Xu, J. (2021). Benefit-sharing and residents’ subjective well-being in rural tourism: An asymmetric approach. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 21, p. 100631). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100631 Chilufya, A., Hughes, E., y Scheyvens, R. (2019). Tourists and community development: corporate social responsibility or tourist social responsibility? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 27, Issue 10, pp. 1513–1529). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1643871 Christian, M., Fernandez-Stark, K., Ahmed, G., y Gereffi, G. (2011). The tourism global value chain: Economic upgrading and workforce development. En: G. Gereffi, K. Fernandez-Stark, & P. Psilos, Skills for upgrading, Workforce development and global value chains in developing countries, 276-280. https://www.academia.edu/86076618/The_Tourism_Global_Value_Chain Ciesielska, M., y Jemielniak, D. (Eds.). (2018). Qualitative methodologies in organization studies (p. 33). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-65217-7.pdf Clarke, J. (1997). A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 224–233). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589708667287 Cochrane, J. (2010). The Sphere of Tourism Resilience. In Tourism Recreation Research (Vol. 35, Issue 2, pp. 173–185). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2010.11081632 Colombelli, A., Paolucci, E., y Ughetto, E. (2019). Hierarchical and relational governance and the life cycle of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 52, 505-521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9957-4 Cordero, A. (2006). Nuevos ejes de acumulación y naturaleza: el caso del turismo. Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=fF2kGQAACAAJ Corneil, D., Villeneuve, B., Piffady, J., Chandesris, A., Usseglio-Polatera, P., y Souchon, Y. (2018). Introducing nested spatial scales in multi-stress models: towards better assessment of human impacts on river ecosystems. In Hydrobiologia (Vol. 806, Issue 1, pp. 347–361). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3374-1 Corzo, D. (2019). Las normas técnicas sectoriales como estrategia de calidad en el turismo colombiano (Sectoral Technical Standards As a Quality Strategy in Colombian Tourism). Available at SSRN 3644435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3644435 Costa, C. (2006). Tourism Planning, Development and the Territory. In Tourism Management Dynamics (pp. 236–243). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-6378-6.50035-4 Coutinho, A. C. A., y de Mendonça-Nóbrega, W. R. (2019). Governança em destinos turísticos: desafios na sociedade contemporânea. In Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo (Vol. 13, Issue 3, pp. 55–70). https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v13i3.1543 Crace, L., y Gehman, J. (2022). What Really Explains ESG Performance? Disentangling the Asymmetrical Drivers of the Triple Bottom Line. In Organization & Environment (p. 108602662210794). https://doi.org/10.1177/10860266221079408 Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE. https://www.docdroid.net/XAQ0IXz/creswell-research-design-qualitative-quantitative-and-mixed-methods-approaches-2018-5th-ed-pdf#page=40 Creswell, J. W., y Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications. https://academia.utp.edu.co/seminario-investigacion-II/files/2017/08/INVESTIGACION-CUALITATIVACreswell.pdf Croes, R., Ridderstaat, J., Bąk, M., y Zientara, P. (2021). Tourism specialization, economic growth, human development and transition economies: The case of Poland. In Tourism Management (Vol. 82, p. 104181). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104181 Crowley, K., y Head, B. W. (2017). The enduring challenge of “wicked problems”: revisiting Rittel and Webber. In Policy Sciences (Vol. 50, Issue 4, pp. 539–547). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-017-9302-4 Culpepper, P. D. (2020). Re-Embedding Public Policy: Decentralised Collaborative Governance in France and Italy 1. In The Economy as a Polity: The Political Constitution of Contemporary Capitalism (pp. 137–157). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003076506-10 Dalsgaard, P. (2010). Challenges of participation in large-scale public projects. In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference on - PDC ’10. https://doi.org/10.1145/1900441.1900445 Damayanti, M., Tyas, W. P., y Aswad, W. O. S. J. (2021). Conceptualizing multi actors’ collaboration in smart tourism destination. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 673, No. 1, p. 012027). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/673/1/012027 Damian, I. M., Navarro, E., y Ruiz, F. (2022). Stakeholders’ perception of the sustainability of a tourism destination: a methodological framework to find out relationships and similarity of opinions. In Tourism Review (Vol. 77, Issue 2, pp. 515–531). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2020-0292 Dangi, T. B., y Petrick, J. F. (2021). Augmenting the Role of Tourism Governance in Addressing Destination Justice, Ethics, and Equity for Sustainable Community-Based Tourism. In Tourism and Hospitality (Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 15–42). https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp2010002 Dauvergne, P. (2021). Global governance and the Anthropocene. In Global Governance Futures (pp. 26–39). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003139836-4 Davies, A. (2001). What silence knows-planning, public participation and environmental values. Environmental Values, 10(1), 77-102. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30301787 De Oliveira Barata, M. (2002). Etymologie du terme “gouvernance.” http://europa.eu.int/comm/governance/docs/doc5_en.pdf De Zubiría Samper, A., y Yáñez, G. B. (2016). Proceso de paz y propuestas de cambio en el sistema político colombiano. Criterio Jurídico Garantista, 8(13), 90–107. https://doi.org/10.26564/21453381.584 Decrop, A. (1999). Triangulation in qualitative tourism research. Tourism Management, 20(1), 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00102-2 Denny, M. J. (2014). Graph Compartmentalization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.2854. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1407.2854 Devkota, N., Paudel, U. R., y Bhandari, U. (2020). Does westernization influence the business culture of a touristic city? In Economics & Sociology (Vol. 13, Issue 4, pp. 154–172). https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2020/13-4/10 Devkota, N., Poudel, U. R., Hamarneh, I., y Bhandari, U. (2021). Rethinking Westernization in Destination: Tourists’ Perception of a Touristic City. In Journal of Tourism and Services (Vol. 12, Issue 23, pp. 1–25). https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v12i23.261 Dewhurst, H., y Thomas, R. (2003). Encouraging Sustainable Business Practices in a Non-regulatory Environment: A Case Study of Small Tourism Firms in a UK National Park. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 11, Issue 5, pp. 383–403). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667212 Dodds, R. (2007). Sustainable Tourism and Policy Implementation: Lessons from the Case of Calviá, Spain. In Current Issues in Tourism (Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp. 296–322). https://doi.org/10.2167/cit278.0 Dolenec, S., y Vodeb, K. (2021). The Relationship of the Local Community and Dark Tourism Development. In Drustvena istrazivanja (Vol. 30, Issue 4, pp. 699–719). https://doi.org/10.5559/di.30.4.03 Dolnicar, S., Gray, A., Grün, B., Li, H., y Portmann, M. (2023). Automatically monitoring environmental performance in tourism–The example of plate waste at all-you-can-eat buffets. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 4(2), 100100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2023.100100 Dong, J., Shi, Y., Liang, L., y Wu, H. (2012). Comparative Analysis of Underdeveloped Tourism Destinations’ Choice of Cooperation Modes: A Tourism Supply-Chain Model. In Tourism Economics (Vol. 18, Issue 6, pp. 1377–1399). https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2012.0170a Dossou, T. A. M., Kambaye, E. N., Bekun, F. V., y Eoulam, A. O. (2021). Exploring the linkage between tourism, governance quality, and poverty reduction in Latin America. In Tourism Economics (p. 135481662110439). https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166211043974 Downs, C. A., Cruz, O. T., y Remengesau, T. E. (2022). Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism. In Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (Vol. 32, Issue 5, pp. 896–906). https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3791 Dragan, Kramberger, y Topolšek. (2015). Supply chain integration and firm performance in the tourism sector. Pre-Conference Proceedings. https://www.academia.edu/download/59812500/ICLST15_TOURISM_SC_REVIEW20190620-16996-hfiets.pdf Dredge, D. (1999). Destination place planning and design. Annals of tourism research, 26(4), 772-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00007-9 Dredge, D. (2006). Policy networks and the local organisation of tourism. In Tourism Management (Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 269–280). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.003 Dredge, D. (2015). Tourism and Governance. En G. Moscardo & P. Benckendorff (Eds.), Education for Sustainability in Tourism: A Handbook of Processes, Resources, and Strategies (pp. 75–90). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47470-9_5 Duffy, R. (2014). Interactive elephants: Nature, tourism and neoliberalism. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 44, pp. 88–101). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.09.003 Dunlop, C. A., Radaelli, C. M., y Trein, P. (2018). Learning in Public Policy: Analysis, Modes and Outcomes. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-76210-4 Durbarry, R., y Seetanah, B. (2015). The impact of long haul destinations on carbon emissions: the case of Mauritius. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24(4), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2014.914363 Echeverri-Rubio, A., y Vieira Salazar, J. A. (2022). Tendencias en la investigación del turismo sostenible en Latinoamérica y el Caribe: un análisis bibliométrico. Universidad & Empresa, 24(42), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/empresa/a.11131 Elgammal, I. (2022). What if the local community is already well-off enough? Stakeholders’ conflicts over sustainable tourism development in remote communities. In Journal of Place Management and Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-02-2021-0020 Epstein, G., Bennett, A., Gruby, R., Acton, L., & Nenadovic, M. (2014). Studying power with the social-ecological system framework. Understanding society and natural resources: forging new strands of integration across the social sciences, 111-135. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/32706/1/608246.pdf#page=132 Erikson, E., y Parent, J. M. (2007). Central authority and order. Sociological Theory, 25(3), 245-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00307.x Escalona, M., y Oh, D. (2022). Efficacy of Governance in Sustainable Slum Regeneration: Assessment framework for effective governance in sustainable slum tourism regeneration. Rev. urban. [online]. 2022, n.46, pp.131-151. ISSN 0717-5051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0717-5051.2022.61707. Escobedo, S. I. O., Jímenez, G. C., y Sánchez, F. J. P. (2021). Gobernanza y problemas retorcidos. Consideraciones teóricas para abordar problemas del turismo. In Investigaciones Turísticas (Issue 22, p. 176). https://doi.org/10.14198/inturi2021.22.8 Espiner, S., Higham, J., y Orchiston, C. (2019). Superseding sustainability: conceptualising sustainability and resilience in response to the new challenges of tourism development. In A Research Agenda for Sustainable Tourism (pp. 21–38). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788117104.00010 Espiner, S., Orchiston, C., y Higham, J. (2017). Resilience and sustainability: a complementary relationship? Towards a practical conceptual model for the sustainability–resilience nexus in tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 25, Issue 10, pp. 1385–1400). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1281929 Everingham, P., Peters, A., y Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2021). The (im)possibilities of doing tourism otherwise: The case of settler colonial Australia and the closure of the climb at Uluru. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 88, p. 103178). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103178 Everingham, P., Young, T. N., Wearing, S. L., y Lyons, K. (2022). A diverse economies approach for promoting peace and justice in volunteer tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 618–636). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1924179 Farmaki, A. (2015). Regional network governance and sustainable tourism. In Tourism Geographies (Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 385–407). https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1036915 Farrell, B. H., y Twining-Ward, L. (2004). Reconceptualizing tourism. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp. 274–295). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.12.002 Farsari, I. (2021). Exploring the nexus between sustainable tourism governance, resilience and complexity research. In Tourism Recreation Research (pp. 1–16). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1922828 Faubion, J. D., y Marcus, G. E. (Eds.). (2017). Fieldwork is not what it used to be: Learning anthropology's method in a time of transition. Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801463594 Fernández-Santillán, J. (2018). Valor público, gobernanza y tercera vía. In Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales (p. 175). https://doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v25i78.10373 Finn, M., Walton, M., y Elliott-White, M. (2000). Tourism and leisure research methods: Data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Pearson education. https://books.google.com.co/books/about/Tourism_and_Leisure_Research_Methods.html?id=meAzEwnoXVoC&redir_esc=y Flagestad, A., y Hope, C. A. (2001). Strategic success in winter sports destinations: a sustainable value creation perspective. Tourism management, 22(5), 445-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00010-3 Fleming, W. R., y Toepper, L. (1990). Economic Impact Studies: Relating The Positive And Negative Impacts To Tourism Development. In Journal of Travel Research (Vol. 29, Issue 1, pp. 35–42). https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759002900108 Flyvbjerg, B. (2004). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Sosiologisk tidsskrift, 12(2), 117-142. https://web.archive.org/web/20051230200454id_/http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk:80/MSFiveMis9.0SageASPUBL.pdf Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., Holling, C. S., y Walker, B. (2002). Resilience and Sustainable Development: Building Adaptive Capacity in a World of Transformations. In AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment (Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 437–440). https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.5.437 Fontana, A., y Frey, J. H. (2005). The interview. The Sage handbook of qualitative research, 3, 695-727. http://www.iot.ntnu.no/Innovation/Norsi-Common-Courses/Lincoln/Fontana%20&%20frey%20(2000)%20interview.Pdf Ford, R. C., Wang, Y., y Vestal, A. (2012). Power asymmetries in tourism distribution networks. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 39, Issue 2, pp. 755–779). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.10.001 Franco, M., y Estevão, C. (2010). The role of tourism public-private partnerships in regional development: a conceptual model proposal. In Cadernos EBAPE.BR (Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 600–612). https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-39512010000400003 Franzoni, S. (2015). Destination governance for sustainable tourism. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(11-12), 215-223. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2169/2015.12.001 Freeman, L. C. (2014). The Development of Social Network Analysis – with an Emphasis on Recent Events. In The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis (pp. 26–39). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446294413.n3 Freudenberg, N., Pastor, M., y Israel, B A. (2011). Strengthening Community Capacity to Participate in Making Decisions to Reduce Disproportionate Environmental Exposures. American Journal of Public Health, 101(S1), S123-S130. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2011.300265 Fukuyama, F. (2013). What is governance? Governance. 26(3), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12035 Fusté-Forné, F., y Michael, N. (2021). Limited tourism: travel bubbles for a sustainable future. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–18). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1954654 Fyall, A., y Garrod, B. (2019). Destination management: a perspective article. In Tourism Review (Vol. 75, Issue 1, pp. 165–169). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2019-0311 Gajdošík, T. (2022). Smart destination governance as a new model of destination development. In Smart Tourism Destination Governance (pp. 29–54). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003269342-4 Gajdošík, T., Gajdošíková, Z., y Stražanová, R. (2018). Residents Perception of Sustainable Tourism Destination Development - A Destination Governance Issue. In Global Business Finance Review (Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp. 24–35). https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2018.23.1.24 Gallardo-Vázquez, D. (2023). Attributes influencing responsible tourism consumer choices: Sustainable local food and drink, health-related services, and entertainment. Oeconomia Copernicana, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2023.018 Gbikpi, B., y Grote, J. R. (2002). From Democratic Government to Participatory Governance. In Participatory Governance (pp. 17–34). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11003-3_1 Gentles, S. J., Charles, C., Ploeg, J., y McKibbon, K. (2015). Sampling in Qualitative Research: Insights from an Overview of the Methods Literature. The Qualitative Report, 20(11), 1772-1789. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol20/iss11/5 Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., y Sturgeon, T. J. (2018). The Governance of Global Value Chains. In Global Value Chains and Development (pp. 108–134). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108559423.005 Giampiccoli, A., Mtapuri, O., y Dłużewska, A. (2021). Sustainable tourism and community-based tourism in small islands: a policy analysis. In Forum Geografic (Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 92-103). University of Craiova, Department of Geography. https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.057.i Gi̇ampi̇ccoli̇, A., y Glassom, D. (2020). Community-based tourism in protected areas benefits communities and conservation: a model. In Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR). https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.741805 Gibbs, D. (2023). Individual accountability, collective decision-making. Constitutional Political Economy, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-023-09394-0 Giddens, A. (2001). La tercera vía y sus críticos. Taurus. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Z_-TPAAACAAJ Gispert, O. B. I., y Clavé, S. A. (2020). Dimensions and models of tourism governance in a tourism system: The experience of Catalonia. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 17, p. 100465). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100465 Gjaltema, J., Biesbroek, R., y Termeer, K. (2020). From government to governance…to meta-governance: a systematic literature review. In Public Management Review (Vol. 22, Issue 12, pp. 1760–1780). https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1648697 Glyptou, K., Amore, A., y Adie, B. A. (2022). From Aspirations to Applications: The SDGs and the Role of Indicators in the Measurement of Sustainable Tourism. In Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management (pp. 13–25). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92208-5_2 Godet, M., y Roubelat, F. (1996). Creating the future: the use and misuse of scenarios. Long range planning, 29(2), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(96)00004-0 Gomez, C. T. (2022). Social solidarity as a dimension of transitional justice: the case of Cartography and Identification of Mass Graves in post-conflict Colombia. In The International Journal of Human Rights (Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 50–73). https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2021.1895763 Gomm, Hammersley, y Foster. (2011). Case study and generalization. Case Study Method. https://www.torrossa.com/gs/resourceProxy?an=5017416&publisher=FZ7200#page=109 González, E. D. G., Guevara, V. M. L., y Pardo, G. L. (2022). Análisis de la resiliencia social en sistemas socio-ecológicos: Una propuesta interdisciplinaria para los destinos turísticos y su desarrollo sostenible. In Investigaciones Turísticas (Issue 23, p. 48). https://doi.org/10.14198/inturi2022.23.3 Goodman, M. S., Thompson, V. L. S., Arroyo Johnson, C., Gennarelli, R., Drake, B. F., Bajwa, P., ... y Bowen, D. (2017). Evaluating community engagement in research: quantitative measure development. Journal of community psychology, 45(1), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21828 Gössling, S., y Hall, M. C. (2019). Sharing versus collaborative economy: how to align ICT developments and the SDGs in tourism? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 74–96). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1560455 Graci, S. (2020). Collaboration and Partnership Development for Sustainable Tourism. In Tourism and Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 232–249). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324253-14 Grandori, A. (1997). Governance structures, coordination mechanisms and cognitive models. Journal of Management & Governance, 1(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009977627870 Guasca, M., Vanneste, D., y Van Broeck, A. M. (2022). Peacebuilding and post-conflict tourism: addressing structural violence in Colombia. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 427–443). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1869242 Guccio, C., Mazza, I., Mignosa, A., y Rizzo, I. (2018). A round trip on decentralization in the tourism sector. Annals of Tourism Research, 72, 140-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.07.007 Guest, G., Namey, E., Taylor, J., Eley, N., y McKenna, K. (2017). Comparing focus groups and individual interviews: findings from a randomized study. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(6), 693-708. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2017.1281601 Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2023). Re-examining the participation and empowerment nexus: Applications to community-based tourism. World Development Perspectives, 31, 100518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100518 Guttentag, D. A. (2009). The possible negative impacts of volunteer tourism. In International Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 11, Issue 6, pp. 537–551). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.727 Hadriani, N. L. G., Gelgel, I. P., y Wibawa, I. P. S. (2021). Environmental Conservation and Socio-Cultural Preservation Manifestations in Tourism Policy Development in Bali. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 12(8), 2263-2271. dec. 2021. ISSN 2068-7729. Available at: https://www.journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6669. Haid, M., y Albrecht, J. N. (2021). Sustainable Tourism Product Development: An Application of Product Design Concepts. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 14, p. 7957). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147957 Hall, C. M. (2011a). A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 437–457). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.570346 Hall, C. M. (2011b). Policy learning and policy failure in sustainable tourism governance: from first- and second-order to third-order change? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 649–671). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.555555 Hall, C. M. (2019). Constructing sustainable tourism development: The 2030 agenda and the managerial ecology of sustainable tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 27, Issue 7, pp. 1044–1060). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1560456 Hall, C. M., Gossling, S., y Scott, D. (Eds.). (2015). The Routledge handbook of tourism and sustainability. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203072332 Hanneman, R. A., y Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. t http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/ Hardy, A., Beeton, R. J. S., y Pearson, L. (2002). Sustainable Tourism: An Overview of the Concept and its Position in Relation to Conceptualisations of Tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 10, Issue 6, pp. 475–496). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667183 Hart, P.’t. (2013). Interactive governance: advancing the paradigm - by Jacob Torfing, B. Guy Peters, Jon Pierre and Eva Sørensen. In Public Administration (Vol. 91, Issue 4, pp. 1071–1073). https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12045 Hartman, S. (2021). Destination governance in times of change: a complex adaptive systems perspective to improve tourism destination development. In Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-11-2020-0213 Hartman, S., Wielenga, B., y Heslinga, J. H. (2020). The future of tourism destination management: building productive coalitions of actor networks for complex destination development. In Journal of Tourism Futures (Vol. 6, Issue 3, pp. 213–218). https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-11-2019-0123 Hassan, A. S., y Meyer, D. F. (2022). Does countries’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) risk rating influence international tourism demand? A case of the Visegrád Four. In Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-05-2021-0127 He, M., Liu, B., y Li, Y. (2023). Tourist inspiration: How the wellness tourism experience inspires tourist engagement. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 47(7), 1115-1135. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480211026376 Heslinga, J. H., Groote, P., y Vanclay, F. (2017). Using a social-ecological systems perspective to understand tourism and landscape interactions in coastal areas. In Journal of Tourism Futures (Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 23–38). https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-10-2015-0047 Hey, R. B. (2017). Governance Framework. In Performance Management for the Oil, Gas, and Process Industries (pp. 107–128). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-810446-0.00008-6 Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Blanchard, L.-A., y Urbain, Y. (2022). Peace through tourism: Critical reflections on the intersections between peace, justice, sustainable development and tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 335–351). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1952420 Higgins-Desbiolles, F., y Bigby, B. C. (2022). A local turn in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 92(C), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103291 Hill, C. J., y Lynn, L. E. (2004). Is hierarchical governance in decline? Evidence from empirical research. Journal of public administration research and theory, 15(2), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui011 Hipsher, S. (2017). Tourism: Job Creation, Entrepreneurship, and Quality of Life. In S. Hipsher (Ed.), Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia (pp. 231–251). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5948-3_11 Hodge, G. A. (2010). Reviewing Public–Private Partnerships: Some Thoughts on Evaluation. In International Handbook on Public–Private Partnerships. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849804691.00012 Holladay, P. J. (2018). Destination Resilience and Sustainable Tourism Development. In Tourism Review International (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 251–261). https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218x15369305779029 Hollinshead, K. (2006). The Shift to Constructivism in Social Inquiry: Some Pointers for Tourism Studies. Tourism Recreation Research, 31(2), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2006.1108126 Holzer, J. M., Adamescu, C. M., Cazacu, C., Díaz-Delgado, R., Dick, J., Méndez, P. F., ... & Orenstein, D. E. (2019). Evaluating transdisciplinary science to open research-implementation spaces in European social-ecological systems. Biological Conservation, 238, 108228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108228 Horne, L., De Urioste-Stone, S., Bajgiran, P. R., y Seekamp, E. (2022). Understanding Tourism Suppliers’ Resilience to Climate Change in a Rural Destination in Maine. In Tourism Planning & Development (pp. 1–22). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2083222 Hsu, T. W., Inbakaran, R., y George, B. (2013). Understanding the concept of governance in tourism policy-making. In International Journal of Economics and Business Research (Vol. 5, Issue 3, p. 319). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2013.052488 Hua, N., Li, B., y Zhang, T. (2020). Crime research in hospitality and tourism. In International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management (Vol. 32, Issue 3, pp. 1299–1323). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2019-0750 Huang, S., Lv, T., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Zheng, W., y Wen, C. (2014). Identifying node role in social network based on multiple indicators. PloS One, 9(8), e103733. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103733 Hughes, E., y Scheyvens, R. (2020). Corporate social responsibility in tourism post-2015: a Development First approach. In Tourism and Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 74–87). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324253-6 Hutchcroft, P. D. (2001). Centralization and decentralization in administration and politics: assessing territorial dimensions of authority and power. Governance, 14(1), 23-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00150 Iaffaldano, N. (2015). Inter-firm cooperation as strategic element to get a sustainable competitive advantage in rural tourism: network contract “green-road.” In International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business (Vol. 7, Issue 3/4, p. 266). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijgsb.2015.072688 Iandolo, F., Fulco, I., Bassano, C., y D’Amore, R. (2019). Managing a tourism destination as a viable complex system. The case of Arbatax Park. In Land Use Policy (Vol. 84, pp. 21–30). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.02.019 Icoz, O., e Icoz, O. (2019). Economic impacts of tourism. In The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Impacts (pp. 95–108). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351025102-8 Intapan, C., Chaiboonsri, C., y Piboonrungroj, P. (2021). Sustainable Tourism and Poverty Reduction in Selected ASEAN Member Countries. In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific (pp. 77–97). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1107-0_4 Iqbal, A., Ramachandran, S., Siow, M. L., Subramaniam, T., y Afandi, S. H. M. (2022). Meaningful community participation for effective development of sustainable tourism: Bibliometric analysis towards a quintuple helix model. In Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (Vol. 39, p. 100523). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100523 Ivars-Baidal, J., Casado-Díaz, A. B., Navarro-Ruiz, S., y Fuster-Uguet, M. (2023). Smart tourism city governance: exploring the impact on stakeholder networks. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0322 Jamal, T., Camargo, B A., Sandlin, J A., y Segrado, R. (2010). Tourism and Cultural Sustainability: Towards an Eco-cultural Justice for Place and People. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(3), 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2010.11081643 Jamal, T., y Camargo, B. A. (2018). Tourism governance and policy: Whither justice? In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 25, pp. 205–208). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.009 Jamalnia, A., Gong, Y., Govindan, K., Bourlakis, M., y Mangla, S. K. (2023). A decision support system for selection and risk management of sustainability governance approaches in multi-tier supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 108960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.108960 Jang, S., Park, J. S., y Choi, Y. T. (2022). Organizational resource and resilience in tourism. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 93, p. 103322). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103322 Janssen, M. (2011). Resilience and adaptation in the governance of social-ecological systems. In International Journal of the Commons (Vol. 5, Issue 2, p. 340). https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.320 Janssen, M. A., Bodin, Ö., Anderies, J. M., Elmqvist, T., Ernstson, H., McAllister, R. R. J., Olsson, P., y Ryan, P. (2006). Toward a Network Perspective of the Study of Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems. In Ecology and Society (Vol. 11, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-01462-110115 Jiménez-Medina, P., Artal-Tur, A., y Sánchez-Casado, N. (2021). Tourism Business, Place Identity, Sustainable Development, and Urban Resilience: A Focus on the Sociocultural Dimension. In International Regional Science Review (Vol. 44, Issue 1, pp. 170–199). https://doi.org/10.1177/0160017620925130 Jongruck, P., y Gunawong, P. (2021). Network governance: implications for development. In Handbook of Development Policy (pp. 345–354). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839100871.00039 Jonker, J., y Pennink, B. (2010). The Essence of Research Methodology: A Concise Guide for Master and PhD Students in Management Science. Springer Science & Business Media. http://yanchukvladimir.com/docs/Library/Essence%20of%20Research%20methodology%20-%20A%20Concise%20Guide%20for%20Master%20and%20PhD%20Students%202010.pdf Joppe, M. (2018). Tourism policy and governance: Quo vadis? In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 25, pp. 201–204). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.011 Jordan, E. J., Vogt, C. A., Kruger, L. E., y Grewe, N. (2013). The interplay of governance, power and citizen participation in community tourism planning. In Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events (Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 270–288). https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2013.789354 Jurkus, E., Povilanskas, R., y Taminskas, J. (2022). Current Trends and Issues in Research on Biodiversity Conservation and Tourism Sustainability. In Sustainability (Vol. 14, Issue 6, p. 3342). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063342 Kaler, J. (2002). Responsibility, accountability and governance. Business Ethics: A European Review, 11(4), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00292 Kasemsap, K. (2016). Encouraging Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Tourism Development in Global Tourism. In Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry (pp. 197–224). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9902-1.ch016 Kasim, M., Oetama, D., Bahar, A., Alelo, M., Wardani, K. K., y Susandari, H. (2021). The role of local communities in developing potential areas for marine tourism. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 800, Issue 1, p. 012055). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/800/1/012055 Kauffmann, A., y Rosenfeld, M. T. W. (2014). The impact of local factors on the scope of benefits from public investment: the case of tourism infrastructure in Saxon municipalities. In Urban Research & Practice (Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 320–336). https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2014.966510 Kelliher, F., Reinl, L., Johnson, T. G., y Joppe, M. (2018). The role of trust in building rural tourism micro firm network engagement: A multi-case study. Tourism Management, 68, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.02.014 Kenis, P., y Provan, K. G. (2009). Towards an exogenous theory of public network performance. Public administration, 87(3), 440-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01775.x Ketter, E. (2022). Bouncing back or bouncing forward? Tourism destinations’ crisis resilience and crisis management tactics. In European Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 31, p. 3103). https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2748 Khadour, N., Fekete, A., y Sárospataki, M. (2023). The Role of the Master Plan in City Development, Latakia Master Plan in an International Context. Land, 12(8), 1634. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081634 Khaledi Koure, F., Hajjarian, M., Hossein Zadeh, O., Alijanpour, A., & Mosadeghi, R. (2023). Ecotourism development strategies and the importance of local community engagement. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(7), 6849-6877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02338-y Khan, M. R., Khan, H. U. R., Lim, C. K., Tan, K. L., y Ahmed, M. F. (2021). Sustainable Tourism Policy, Destination Management and Sustainable Tourism Development: A Moderated-Mediation Model. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 21, p. 12156). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112156 Kimbu, A. N., y Ngoasong, M. Z. (2013). Centralised decentralisation of tourism development: A Network Perspective. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 40, pp. 235–259). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.09.005 Kiradjieva, J., Álvarez, L. L., y Montoya, L. H. B. (2020). Turism Economy and Governance. The Case of the Municipality of San Rafael in Colombia. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 11(8), 1994-2005. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v11.8(48).12 Kiumarsi, S., Jaaffar, A. H., Isa, S. M., y Hamid, M. A. (2021). Integrating innovation and sustainability into tour operator business. In International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development (Vol. 1, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijisd.2021.10034895 Komppula, R., Suni, J., Turunen, L., Gartner, W. C., y Vainikka, A. (2022). Determinants of the value of fishing tourism experience among anglers. In International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing (Vol. 22, Issue 1/2, p. 19). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsmm.2022.121258 Kooiman, J. (2020). Exploring the Concept of Governability. In Institutions and Governance in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies (pp. 148–167). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429441622-14 Korzeniewicz, R. P., y Smith, W. C. (2000). Los dos ejes de la tercera vía en América Latina. In Colombia Internacional (Issue 48, pp. 5–34). https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint48.2000.00 Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2385/Content%20Analysis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Kuhn, T. S. (1971). La estructura de las revoluciones científicas. Fondo de cultura económica. http://epistemologiadelascienciassociales.sociales.uba.ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2014/10/Kuhn_-_La_Estructura_de_las_revoluciones_Cientificas.pdf Lacitignola, D., Petrosillo, I., Cataldi, M., y Zurlini, G. (2007). Modelling socio-ecological tourism-based systems for sustainability. In Ecological Modelling (Vol. 206, Issues 1-2, pp. 191–204). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.034 Lapeyre, R. (2011). Governance structures and the distribution of tourism income in namibian communal lands: a new institutional framework. In Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie (Vol. 102, Issue 3, pp. 302–315). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2011.00665.x Launay, C. (2005). La gobernanza: Estado, ciudadanía y renovación de lo político. Revista Controversia, 185, 92–105. https://doi.org/10.54118/controver.v0i185.221 Lauwo, S. G., Azure, J. D. C., Y Hopper, T. (2022). Accountability and governance in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in a developing country context: evidence from Tanzania. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(6), 1431-1461. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-10-2019-4220 Lavee, E., y Itzchakov, G. (2021). Good listening: A key element in establishing quality in qualitative research. Qualitative Research: QR, 14687941211039402. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941211039402 Lee, S., y Ospina, S. M. (2022). A Framework for Assessing Accountability in Collaborative Governance: A Process-Based Approach. In Perspectives on Public Management and Governance (Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 63–75). https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvab031 Leff, E. (2000). Tiempo de sustentabilidad. Ambiente & Sociedade, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-753X2000000100001 Leff, E. (2002). Saber ambiental: sustentabilidad, racionalidad, complejidad, poder. Siglo XXI. México. Leff, E. (2004). Racionalidad ambiental y diálogo de saberes. Significancia y sentido en la construcción de un futuro sustentable. Polis. Revista Latinoamericana, (7). https://journals.openedition.org/polis/6232 Leff, E. (2004). Racionalidad ambiental: la reapropiación social de la naturaleza. Siglo XXI Editores México. https://ru.iis.sociales.unam.mx/jspui/bitstream/IIS/4937/1/Racionalidad_ambiental.pdf Leff, E. (2008). El turismo ante los retos del cambio climático y de la sustentabilidad. Discursos Sustentables, 272. https://www.ambientico.una.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/tainacan-items/5/17712/170_3-8.pdf Levin, S. A., y Lubchenco, J. (2008). Resilience, Robustness, and Marine Ecosystem-based Management. In BioScience (Vol. 58, Issue 1, pp. 27–32). https://doi.org/10.1641/b580107 Lew, A. A. (2014). Scale, change and resilience in community tourism planning. In Tourism Geographies (Vol. 16, Issue 1, pp. 14–22). https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2013.864325 Ley 2068 (2020). Modificación de la Ley general de turismo. (31 de julio de 2020), Diario Oficial No. 51.385. Bogotá, Colombia. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma_pdf.php?i=172558 Ley 300 (1996). Ley general de turismo. (29 de julio de 1996), Diario Oficial No. 42.853. Bogotá, Colombia. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma_pdf.php?i=8634 Li, T., Li, Q., y Liu, J. (2021). The spatial mobility of rural tourism workforce: A case study from the micro analytical perspective. In Habitat International (Vol. 110, p. 102322). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102322 Li, T., y Chen, Y. (2021). The obstacles to building a self-management system: Exploring deviant tourists’ anger reactions to the intervention of others. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 47, pp. 303–311). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.04.004 Li, X., y Wang, C. (2023). Understanding the relationship between tourists’ perceptions of the authenticity of traditional village cultural landscapes and behavioural intentions, mediated by memorable tourism experiences and place attachment. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(3), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2217959 Liang, A. R.-D. (2022). Consumers as co-creators in community-based tourism experience: Impacts on their motivation and satisfaction. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 9, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2034389 Lickorish, L. J., y Jenkins, C. L. (1997). Economic impacts of tourism. In Introduction to Tourism (pp. 63–75). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1956-1.50007-3 Lim, J., Lo, M. C., Mohamad, A. A., Chin, C. H., y Ramayah, T. (2017). The moderating impact of community support on tri-dimensional impacts of tourism (economic, socio-cultural, & environmental) towards rural tourism competitive advantage. International Journal of Business & Society, 18. Tomo 18, N.º S4, (2017): 869-880. http://www.ijbs.unimas.my/images/repository/pdf/Vol18-s4-paper26.pdf Lincoln, y Guba. (2000). The only generalization is: There is no generalization. Case Study Method. https://www.torrossa.com/gs/resourceProxy?an=5017416&publisher=FZ7200#page=38 Liu, C.-H. (2021). Creating competitive advantage through network ties, entrepreneurial orientation and intellectual capital. In Management Decision (Vol. 59, Issue 9, pp. 2238–2263). https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2020-0191 Liu, Y. L., Chiang, J. T., y Ko, P. F. (2023). The benefits of tourism for rural community development. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01610-4 Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667216 Lock, A., y Strong, T. (2010). Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815454 Logar, I. (2010). Sustainable tourism management in Crikvenica, Croatia: An assessment of policy instruments. In Tourism Management (Vol. 31, Issue 1, pp. 125–135). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.005 Long, Y., y Qi, X. (2023). Regional Tourism Cooperation Mechanism. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 149(3), 04023028. https://doi.org/10.1061/JUPDDM.UPENG-4336 Lora, A. V., y Andreu, M. G. N.-L. (2020). Alternative Metrics for Assessing the Social Impact of Tourism Research. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 10, p. 4299). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104299 Lovelock, B. (2010). Why it's good to be bad: the role of conflict in contributing towards sustainable tourism in protected areas. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(1), 5-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667150 Lozano Flores, L., Delgado Pugley, D., Casas Luna, S., Van den Broeck, P., y Parra, C. (2023). Challenging state authority and hierarchical power: A case study of the engagement of Peru's Amazonian Indigenous Peoples' organizations in the governance of REDD+. Environmental Policy and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2067 Lu, L. T. (2012). Etic or emic? Measuring culture in international business research. International Business Research, 5(5), 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n5p109 Luo, J. M., Fan, Y., y Shang, Z. (2021). Analysis of Critical Success Factors for Entertainment Tourism Destinations: The Supply Perspective. In Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism (pp. 1–24). https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008x.2021.1958126 Luthe, T., y Wyss, R. (2016). Resilience to climate change in a cross-scale tourism governance context: a combined quantitative-qualitative network analysis. In Ecology and Society (Vol. 21, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-08234-210127 Ma, H., Chiu, Y.-H., Tian, X., Zhang, J., y Guo, Q. (2020). Safety or Travel: Which Is More Important? The Impact of Disaster Events on Tourism. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 7, p. 3038). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12073038 Maffesoli, M. (2002). El reencantamiento del mundo. Sociológica, 17(48), 213-241. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=305026561009 Mak, B. K., Cheung, L. T., y Hui, D. L. (2017). Community participation in the decision-making process for sustainable tourism development in rural areas of Hong Kong, China. Sustainability, 9(10), 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101695 Maldonado, J. H., del Pilar Moreno Sanchez, R., Espinoza, S., Bruner, A., Garzon, N., y Myers, J. (2018). Peace is Much More than Doves: The Economic Benefits of Bird-Based Tourism as a Result of the Peace Treaty in Colombia. In SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2973980 Marafa, L. M., Qi, H., y Chan, C. S. (2019). The roles of hierarchical administrations of tourism governance in China: a content analysis. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 11(2), 354-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2018.1539907 Mariani, M. M., y Kylänen, M. (2014). The relevance of public-private partnerships in coopetition: empirical evidence from the tourism sector. In International Journal of Business Environment (Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 106). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbe.2014.058026 Marson, D. (2011). From mass tourism to niche tourism. In Research themes for tourism (pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936846.0001 Martí, J. L. (2017). Pluralism and consensus in deliberative democracy. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 20(5), 556-579. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2017.1328089 Martini, U., y Buffa, F. (2015). Local networks, stakeholder dynamics and sustainability in tourism. Opportunities and limits in the light of stakeholder theory and SNA. Sinergie, 2015(96), 113-130. https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/101216/1/FULL%20PAPER_MARTINI_BUFFA_SINERGIE_n96.pdf Matiku, S. M., Zuwarimwe, J., y Tshipala, N. (2021). Sustainable tourism planning and management for sustainable livelihoods. In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp. 524–538). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2020.1801386 Matteis, F. D., De Matteis, F., Notaristefano, G., y Bianchi, P. (2021). Public—Private Partnership Governance for Accessible Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 15, p. 8455). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158455 Maxwell, J. A. (2021). Why qualitative methods are necessary for generalization. In Qualitative Psychology (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 111–118). https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000173 Maxwell, y Chmiel. (2014). Generalization in and from qualitative analysis. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative. https://methods.sagepub.com/base/download/BookChapter/the-sage-handbook-of-qualitative-data-analysis/n37.xml Mayaka, M., Glen Croy, W., y Cox, J. W. (2018). Participation as motif in community-based tourism: a practice perspective. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 26, Issue 3, pp. 416–432). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1359278 Mayntz, R. (2001). El Estado y la sociedad civil en la gobernanza moderna. Reforma y democracia, (21), 7-22. http://old.clad.org/portal/publicaciones-del-clad/revista-clad-reforma-democracia/articulos/021-octubre-2001/0041004 McLennan, S. (2014). Networks for Development: Volunteer Tourism, Information and Communications Technology, and the Paradoxes of Alternative Development. In PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review (Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 48–68). https://doi.org/10.1111/plar.12050 Medaglia, J. D., y Bassett, D. S. (2018). Network Analyses and Nervous System Disorders. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.013.121 Melkert, y Vos. (2010). A comparison of quantitative and qualitative approaches: Complementarities and trade-offs. Cultural Tourism Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935184.0033 Mik-Meyer, N. (2020). Multimethod Qualitative Research. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative Research (5 ed., pp. 357-374). SAGE Publications. https://www.academia.edu/download/65483300/Mik_Meyer_2020_Chapter_in_Qualitative_Research.pdf Miles, M. B., Michael Huberman, A., y Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=lCh_DwAAQBAJ Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo. (2020). Política de Turismo Sostenible: "Unidos por la Naturaleza". Recuperado de https://www.mincit.gov.co/minturismo/calidad-y-desarrollo-sostenible/politicas-del-sector-turismo/politica-de-turismo-sostenible Moeller, D. W. (2011). Environmental health. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1cbn3qq Morgan, D. L. (1996). Focus groups. Annual review of sociology, 22(1), 129-152. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.129 Moscardo, G., y Murphy, L. (2014). There Is No Such Thing as Sustainable Tourism: Re-Conceptualizing Tourism as a Tool for Sustainability. In Sustainability (Vol. 6, Issue 5, pp. 2538–2561). https://doi.org/10.3390/su6052538 Moutinho, L. (Eds.). (2018). Strategic management in tourism, cabi tourism texts. Cabi. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2982/Strategic%20management%20in%20Tourism.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Mulhall, A. (2003). In the field: notes on observation in qualitative research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(3), 306–313. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02514.x Munjal, P. G. (2019). Enhancing heritage tourism in small and medium towns by leveraging their cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and skills. In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 87–98). https://doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2018-0067 Murray, R. (2021). A governance analysis of three MPAs in Belize: Conservation objectives compromised by tourism development priorities? In Marine Policy (Vol. 127, p. 104243). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104243 Naderifar, M., Goli, H., y Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball sampling: A purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides in Development of Medical. https://sdme.kmu.ac.ir/article_90598.html Nadirah, R., Zaiton, S., y Wan Norhidayah, W. M. (2020). Local community and visitor awareness of firefly conservation in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. The Malaysian Forester, 83(2), 178-193. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/98397/ Neil, T., y Paul, S. (2017). Social Work Theories and Methods in Practice. In Social Work Theory and Methods (pp. 63–64). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315210223-6 Nepal, S. K., Lai, P.-H., y Nepal, R. (2022). Do local communities perceive linkages between livelihood improvement, sustainable tourism, and conservation in the Annapurna Conservation Area in Nepal? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 279–298). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1875478 Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Allyn & Bacon. http://letrunghieutvu.yolasite.com/resources/w-lawrence-neuman-social-research-methods_-qualitative-and-quantitative-approaches-pearson-education-limited-2013.pdf Nguyen, B. (2022). Does Local Environmental Governance Improve Tourism Companies’ Performance? Evidence from Vietnam. In Journal of Travel Research (Vol. 61, Issue 4, pp. 747–761). https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211002653 Nguyen, T. Q. T., Johnson, P., y Young, T. (2022). Networking, coopetition and sustainability of tourism destinations. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 50, pp. 400–411). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.01.003 Nguyen, T. Q. T., Young, T., Johnson, P., y Wearing, S. (2019). Conceptualising networks in sustainable tourism development. In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 32, p. 100575). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100575 Noguera de Echeverri, A. P. (2004). El reencantamiento del mundo. Instituto de Estudios Ambientales (IDEA). https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/9154/9687913312.pdf?sequence=2 Noguera de Echeverri, A. P. (2007). Complejidad ambiental: propuestas éticas emergentes del pensamiento ambiental latinoamericano. Gestión y ambiente, 10(1), 05-30. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/gestion/article/view/1156 Nooteboom, S. G. (2006). Adaptive Networks: The Governance for Sustainable Development. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. https://books.google.com/books/about/Adaptive_Networks.html?hl=&id=Wq0bC8OmrDEC Norman, T. J., y Reed, C. (2010). A logic of delegation. In Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 174, Issue 1, pp. 51–71). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2009.10.001 Nunkoo, R. (2015). Tourism development and trust in local government. In Tourism Management (Vol. 46, pp. 623–634). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.016 Nunkoo, R. (2016). Toward a more comprehensive use of social exchange theory to study residents’ attitudes to tourism. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 588-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30303-3 Nunkoo, R. (2017). Governance and sustainable tourism: What is the role of trust, power and social capital? In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 277–285). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.10.003 Nyaupane, G. P., Morais, D. B., y Dowler, L. (2006). The role of community involvement and number/type of visitors on tourism impacts: A controlled comparison of Annapurna, Nepal and Northwest Yunnan, China. Tourism management, 27(6), 1373-1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.013 Nyaupane, G. P., Poudel, S., y Timothy, D. J. (2018). Assessing the sustainability of tourism systems: A social–ecological approach. Tourism Review International, 22(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218x15202734130440 Nyaupane, G. P., Poudel, S., y York, A. (2022). Governance of protected areas: an institutional analysis of conservation, community livelihood, and tourism outcomes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(11), 2686-2705. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1858089 Nyurenberger, L. B., Latysheva, O. A., y Shlegel, S. V. (2022). Tourism Destination Management: Focusing on Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. In Towards an Increased Security: Green Innovations, Intellectual Property Protection and Information Security (pp. 809–815). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93155-1_87 O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2010). Public participation and environmental impact assessment: Purposes, implications, and lessons for public policy making. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 30(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2009.05.001 Odette, V M. (2005). Public participation applied to the environmental planning. Geo-spatial Information Science, 8(2), 152-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02826857 Offe, C. (2018). Governance — “Empty signifier” oder sozialwissenschaftliches Forschungsprogramm? In Governance in einer sich wandelnden Welt VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. (pp. 61–76). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91066-6_3 Okafor, L. E., Adeola, O., y Folarin, O. (2023). Natural disasters, trade openness and international tourism: The role of income levels across countries. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(1), 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1891740 Okuyama, T. (2022). A simultaneous valuation model on positive and negative tourism benefits under suppressed consumption. In Tourism Economics (p. 135481662210983). https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166221098321 Olsson, P., Folke, C., y Berkes, F. (2004). Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social-ecological systems. Environmental Management, 34(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0101-7 Ormerod, N., y Wood, E. H. (2021). Regional event tourism funding policies: A strategic-relational critique of current practice. Journal of Travel Research, 60(4), 860-877. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728752091 Ortega, G. A. y Roth A.N. (2014). Participación y deliberación comunitaria en el análisis de políticas públicas sobre bienes comunes y ambientales. Revista Perspectivas de Políticas Públicas, 4(7), 127-153. https://doi.org/10.18294/rppp.2014.667 Ostrom, E., y Janssen, M. A. (2004). Multi-Level Governance and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems. In Globalisation, Poverty and Conflict (pp. 239–259). https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2858-x_13 Özekici, Y. K., y Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Reflection of acculturation in tourism: a systematic literature review. In International Journal of Tourism Anthropology (Vol. 7, Issue 3/4, p. 284). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijta.2019.10029407 Özekici, Y. K., y Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Reflection of acculturation in tourism: a systematic literature review. In International Journal of Tourism Anthropology (Vol. 7, Issue 3/4, p. 284). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijta.2019.10029407 Pan, S.-Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S.-L., y Chiang, P.-C. (2018). Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. In Science of The Total Environment (Vol. 635, pp. 452–469). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.134 Panyik, E. (2015). Rural Tourism Governance: Determinants of Policy-makers’ Support for Tourism Development. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 48–72). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2014.960603 Panzera, E. (2022). From Cultural Heritage to Economic Development Through Tourism. In Cultural Heritage and Territorial Identity (pp. 65–85). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94468-1_3 Papaioannou, A., Baroutas, G., Poulaki, I., Yfantidou, G., y Noutsou, A. (2021). Human Resource Empowerment and Employees’ Job Satisfaction in a Public Tourism Organization: The Case of Greek Ministry of Tourism. In Culture and Tourism in a Smart, Globalized, and Sustainable World (pp. 403–416). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72469-6_27 Park, J., Tse, S., Mi, S. D. B., y Song, H. (2022). A Model for Cross-border Tourism Governance in the Greater Bay Area. In Journal of China Tourism Research (pp. 1–25). https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2022.2036664 Parker, A., y Tritter, J. (2006). Focus group method and methodology: current practice and recent debate. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 29(1), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/01406720500537304 Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia -PNNC (2013). ABC del Sistema Nacional de áreas Protegidas SINAP. Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. Recuperado de: https://storage. googleapis. com/pnn-web/uploads/2013/08/abc-del-Sistema-Nacional-de-% C3% 81reas-Protegidas-SINAP. pdf. Parques Naturales Nacionales de Colombia. (2013). Guía Para la Planificación del Ecoturismo en Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. https://www.academia.edu/download/57290376/guia_planificacion_ecoturismo_pnn.pdf Partelow, S. (2018). A review of the social-ecological systems framework. Ecology and Society, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10594-230436 Pechlaner, H., Bachinger, M., Volgger, M., y Anzengruber-Fischer, E. (2014). Cooperative core competencies in tourism: Combining resource-based and relational approaches in destination governance. In European Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 8, pp. 5–19). https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v8i.148 Peters, B. G., Guy Peters, B., y Pierre, J. (2006). Governance, Government and the State. In The State (pp. 209–222). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80227-8_12 Petersen, L., y Smith, K. A. (2022). The future of the New Zealand tourism workforce in 2035. In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 41, p. 100927). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100927 Peterson, G., Allen, C. R., y Holling, C. S. (1998). Original Articles: Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale. In Ecosystems (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 6–18). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900002 Peterson, G., Allen, C. R., y Holling, C. S. (1998). Original Articles: Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale. In Ecosystems (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 6–18). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900002 Pham, L. D. Q., Coles, T., Ritchie, B. W., y Wang, J. (2021). Building business resilience to external shocks: Conceptualising the role of social networks to small tourism & hospitality businesses. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 48, pp. 210–219). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.012 Pham. (2018). Qualitative approach to research a review of advantages and disadvantages of three paradigms: Positivism, interpretivism and critical inquiry. University of Adelaide. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lan-Pham-3/publication/324486854_A_Review_of_key_paradigms_positivism_interpretivism_and_critical_inquiry/links/5acffa880f7e9b18965cd52f/A-Review-of-key-paradigms-positivism-interpretivism-and-critical-inquiry.pdf Pole, L., Turiba University, Grizane, T., y Turiba University. (2021). Tourism tax model for development of regions. In Research for Rural Development. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.034 Polit, D. F., y Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004 Ponce, P., Aguirre-Padilla, N., Oliveira, C., Álvarez-García, J., y de la Cruz del Río-Rama, M. (2020). The Spatial Externalities of Tourism Activities in Poverty Reduction. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 15, p. 6138). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156138 Postma, A., Koens, K., Papp, B. (2020). Overtourism: Carrying capacity revisited. In The overtourism debate: NIMBY, nuisance, commodification (pp. 229-249). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-487-820201015 Postma, A., y Yeoman, I. S. (2021). A systems perspective as a tool to understand disruption in travel and tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures, 7(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-04-2020-0052 Preechawong, P., Shinawatra University, y Thailand. (2019). Marketing and managing destination identity for tourism promotion: the case of Koh Chang Marine National Park in Thailand. In Marketing and Management of Innovations (Vol. 2, pp. 160–172). https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.2-14 Preez, E. A. du, du Preez, E. A., y Govender, L. K. (2021). Travelling to the Motherland: relating acculturation to diaspora tourism experiences. In Tourism in India (pp. 21–34). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003158783-3 Presenza, A., y Cipollina, M. (2010). Analysing tourism stakeholders networks. In Tourism Review (Vol. 65, Issue 4, pp. 17–30). https://doi.org/10.1108/16605371011093845 Provan, K. G., y Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of network governance: Structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of public administration research and theory, 18(2), 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum015 Purnomo, A., Syahbuddin, I. H., y Glenn, P. (2021). Sustainable tourism issues in local communities in ijen-baluran. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 683, Issue 1, p. 012119). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/683/1/012119 Qian, C., Sasaki, N., Jourdain, D., Kim, S. M., y Ganesh Shivakoti, P. (2017). Local livelihood under different governances of tourism development in China – A case study of Huangshan mountain area. In Tourism Management (Vol. 61, pp. 221–233). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.006 Qian, L., Zheng, C., Wang, J., de los Ángeles Pérez Sánchez, M., López, E. P., y Li, H. (2022). Dark tourism destinations: the relationships between tourists’ on-site experience, destination image and behavioural intention. In Tourism Review (Vol. 77, Issue 2, pp. 607–621). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-08-2020-0360 Quivy, R. (2005). Manual de investigación en Ciencias Sociales. México, D.F.: Limusa Noriega. (metodología de las ciencias sociales). https://www.fapyd.unr.edu.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/manual-de-investigacion-en-ciencias-sociales-quivy-campenhoudt.pdf Rahman, M. S.-U.-, Simmons, D., Shone, M. C., y Ratna, N. N. (2021). Social and cultural capitals in tourism resource governance: the essential lenses for community focussed co-management. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–21). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1903016 Raisio, H., Puustinen, A., y Vartiainen, P. (2018). The Concept of Wicked Problems. In The Management of Wicked Problems in Health and Social Care (pp. 3–20). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315102597-2 Ramírez-Guerrero, G., García-Onetti, J., Chica-Ruiz, J. A., y Arcila-Garrido, M. (2021). Social appreciation for the improvement of tourism management of 20th-century heritage: a methodological proposal. In International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research (Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp. 522–546). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-10-2020-0230 Ramkissoon, H. (2020). Perceived social impacts of tourism and quality-of-life: a new conceptual model. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–17). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1858091 Ranabahu, N. (2020). “Wicked” solutions for “wicked” problems: Responsible innovations in social enterprises for sustainable development. In Journal of Management & Organization (Vol. 26, Issue 6, pp. 995–1013). https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2020.20 Rangoni, B. (2019). Architecture and policy-making: comparing experimentalist and hierarchical governance in EU energy regulation. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(1), 63-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1385644 Rashid, Y., Rashid, A., Warraich, M. A., Sabir, S. S., y Waseem, A. (2019). Case Study Method: A Step-by-Step Guide for Business Researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1609406919862424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919862424 Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, S., Seyfi, S., Rather, R. A., y Hall, C. M. (2022). Investigating the mediating role of visitor satisfaction in the relationship between memorable tourism experiences and behavioral intentions in heritage tourism context. In Tourism Review (Vol. 77, Issue 2, pp. 687–709). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-02-2021-0086 Rather, R. A. (2020). Customer experience and engagement in tourism destinations: the experiential marketing perspective. In Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing (Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 15–32). https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1686101 Ratner, C. (2002). Subjectivity and Objectivity in Qualitative Methodology. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-3.3.829 Reynaers, A.-M., y Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2015). Transparency in public-private partnerships: not so bad after all? In Public Administration (Vol. 93, Issue 3, pp. 609–626). https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12142 Rhodes, R. A. (1997). Understanding governance: Policy networks, governance, reflexivity and accountability. Open University. https://books.google.com/books/about/Understanding_Governance.html?hl=&id=dJ4VAQAAIAAJ Rhodes, R. A. (2007). Understanding governance: Ten years on. Organization studies, 28(8), 1243-1264. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084060707 Ribeiro, D., Machado, L. P., y Henriques, P. (2021). Qualitative Research in Tourism - Use of WebQDA in the C’s Tourist Destination Competitiveness Matrix. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (pp. 234–246). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70187-1_17 Rispoli, M., y Tamma, M. (1995). Le risposte strategiche alla complessità: Le forme di offerta dei prodotti alberghieri. Torino: (Vol. 1). Ed Giappichelli. Ritchie, B. W., Burns, P. M., y Palmer, C. A. (2005). Tourism Research Methods: Integrating Theory with Practice. CABI. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=KHSBCwAAQBAJ Ritchie, J. R. B., y Crouch, G. I. (2003). The competitive (micro)environment: the destination and the tourism system. In The competitive destination: a sustainable tourism perspective (pp. 95–109). https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996646.0000 Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., of Social Policy Jane Lewis, Nicholls, C. M., y Ormston, R. (2013). Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. SAGE. https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/58628_Ritchie__Qualitative_Research_Practice.pdf Ritpanitchajchaval, N., Ashton, A. S., y Apollo, M. (2023). Eudaimonic well-being development: Motives driving mountain-based adventure tourism. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100607 Rittel, H. W. J., y Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. In Policy Sciences (Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 155–169). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01405730 Rivera, Y. L., y Echeverri-Rubio, A. (2020). Turismo y Paz: una estrategia de desarrollo local sostenible en el Municipio de Florencia, Caquetá. NOVUM, 1(10), 42–60. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/novum/article/view/79790 Rizvi, A. J., y Khalid, A. (2017.). Policy Learning and Policy Change: Theorizing Their Relations from Different Perspectives in Pakistan. In SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2987654 Robins, G. (2015). Doing Social Network Research: Network-based Research Design for Social Scientists. SAGE. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GsKICwAAQBAJ Rocca, L. H. D., y Zielinski, S. (2022). Community-based tourism, social capital, and governance of post-conflict rural tourism destinations: the case of Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Tourism management perspectives, 43, 100985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100985 Romão, J. (2019). Long-term economic impacts of tourism. In The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Impacts (pp. 143–154). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351025102-12 Romm, N. R. (1998). Interdisciplinary practice as reflexivity. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 11, 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022964905762 Rosenberg, S. W. (2007). Rethinking democratic deliberation: The limits and potential of citizen participation. Polity, 39(3), 335-360. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4500280 Rowley, J. (2002). Using case studies in research. Management Research News, 25(1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170210782990 Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R., y Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2020a). Framework for creating sustainable tourism using systems thinking. In Current Issues in Tourism (Vol. 23, Issue 3, pp. 280–296). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1534805 Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R., y Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2020b). Mapping stakeholders’ roles in governing sustainable tourism destinations. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 45, pp. 387–398). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.09.005 Ruhanen, L., Saito, N., y Axelsen, M. (2021). Knowledge co-creation: The role of tourism consultants. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 87, p. 103148). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103148 Rylance, A., y Spenceley, A. (2017). Reducing economic leakages from tourism: A value chain assessment of the tourism industry in Kasane, Botswana. In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 34, Issue 3, pp. 295–313). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2017.1308855 Sacramento, O., Dominguez, C., Rodrigues, V., y Bernardo, E. (2020). Tourism governance through the eyes of local stakeholders: experiences and new possibilities in the Douro region (Portugal). In International Journal of Tourism Policy (Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 221). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtp.2020.111287 Saito, H., y Ruhanen, L. (2017). Power in tourism stakeholder collaborations: Power types and power holders. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.01.001 Sakellari, M., y Skanavis, C. (2013). Sustainable tourism development: environmental education as a tool to fill the gap between theory and practice. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 12(4), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESD.2013.056316 Sakshi, Shashi, Cerchione, R., y Bansal, H. (2020). Measuring the impact of sustainability policy and practices in tourism and hospitality industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1109-1126. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2420 Sammy, J. (2008). Examples of effective techniques for enhancing community understanding of tourism. In Building community capacity for tourism development (pp. 75–85). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845934477.0075 Sánchez, C. I., y Jaramillo‐Hurtado, M. E. (2010). Policies for enhancing sustainability and competitiveness in tourism in Colombia. In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 153–162). https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211011037840 Sánchez, G. P., Mariño Jiménez, J. P., y Santiesteban, M. L. (2020). The Structure of Governance of Tourist Activity in Colombia. Evaluation from a Network Science Perspective. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (REIS), 171(171), 85-128. http://dx.doi. org/10.5477/cis/reis.171.85 Sánchez, M. M., y Menchero-Sánchez, M. (2018). Colombia en posconflicto: ¿turismo para la paz o paz para el turismo? In Araucaria (Issue 39, pp. 415–438). https://doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2018.i39.20 Sanders Thompson, V. L., Ackermann, N., Bauer, K. L., Bowen, D. J., y Goodman, M. S. (2021). Strategies of community engagement in research: definitions and classifications. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(2), 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa042 Sands, R. G., Bourjolly, J., y Roer-Strier, D. (2007). Crossing cultural barriers in research interviewing. Qualitative Social Work, 6(3), 353-372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325007080406 Sato. (2016). Generalization is everything, or is it? Effectiveness of case study research for theory construction. Annals of Business Administrative Science. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/abas/15/1/15_0151203a/_article/-char/ja/ Saunders, M., Lewis, P., y Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. Pearson education. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/9987/Business%20Research%20Methods.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Sbragia, A. M. (2000). Governance, the state, and the market: what is going on?. Governance, 13(2), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00132 Scheyvens, R., y Cheer, J. M. (2021). Tourism, the SDGs and partnerships. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–11). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1982953 Scheyvens, R., y Russell, M. (2012). Tourism and poverty alleviation in Fiji: comparing the impacts of small- and large-scale tourism enterprises. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 417–436). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.629049 Schianetz, K., y Kavanagh, L. (2008). Sustainability indicators for tourism destinations: A complex adaptive systems approach using systemic indicator systems. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(6), 601-628. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802159651 Scholtz, M., y Slabbert, E. (2018). A remodelled approach to measuring the social impact of tourism in a developing country. In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 35, Issue 6, pp. 743–759). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2018.1461609 Seawright, J., y Gerring, J. (2008). Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077 Sedarati, P., Santos, S., y Pintassilgo, P. (2019). System Dynamics in Tourism Planning and Development. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 16, Issue 3, pp. 256–280). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2018.1436586 Sekher, M., Parasuraman, S., y Kattumuri, R. (2018). Understanding Governance as a Process. In Governance and Governed (pp. 15–24). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5963-6_2 Selen, W., y Ogulin, R. (2015). Strategic Alignment across a Tourism Business Ecosystem. In Athens Journal of Tourism (Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 167–178). https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.2-3-3 Senbeto, D. L. (2022). One stone, two birds: harnessing interfaith tourism for peacebuilding and socio-economic development. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 550–564). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1901907 Seok, H., Barnett, G. A., y Nam, Y. (2021). A social network analysis of international tourism flow. In Quality & Quantity (Vol. 55, Issue 2, pp. 419–439). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01011-8 Serrat, O. (2017). Building networks of practice. Knowledge Solutions: Tools, Methods, and Approaches to Drive Organizational Performance, 859-864. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_95 Shang, Q., Li, M., y Wang, H. (2021). Environment Governance, Sustainable Livelihood and Indigenous Knowledge in Ethnic Tourism Villages of China. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 272, p. 01027). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201027 Shang, Y., Bi, C., Wei, X., Jiang, D., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., y Rasoulinezhad, E. (2023). Eco-tourism, climate change, and environmental policies: empirical evidence from developing economies. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01777-w Sharma, M., Mohapatra, G., y Giri, A. K. (2020). Beyond Growth: Does Tourism Promote Human Development in India? Evidence from Time Series Analysis. In The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (Vol. 7, Issue 12, pp. 693–702). https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.693 Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667346 Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667346 Sharpley, R. (2009). Tourism Development and the Environment: Beyond Sustainability? London, Routledge. eBook ISBN9781849770255. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770255 Sharpley, R. (2022). Sustainable tourism governance: local or global? In Tourism Recreation Research (pp. 1–4). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2040295 Shekari, F., Ziaee, M., Faghihi, A., y Jomehpour, M. (2022). Nomadic livelihood resilience through tourism. In Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights (Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 100034). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2022.100034 Sheldon, P. J. (2020). Designing tourism experiences for inner transformation. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 102935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102935 Shone, M. C., Simmons, D. G., y Dalziel, P. (2016). Evolving roles for local government in tourism development: a political economy perspective. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 24, Issue 12, pp. 1674–1690). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1184672 Siakwah, P., Musavengane, R., y Leonard, L. (2020). Tourism Governance and Attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. In Sustainable Tourism Policy and Planning in Africa (pp. 146–174). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003038832-9 Siakwah, P., y Musavengane, R. (2021). Re-Imagining Community-Based Tourism in Rural Africa Through Networks and Management Innovation. In Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management (pp. 227–244). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70171-0_14 Sinclair-Maragh, G., y Gursoy, D. (2015). Imperialism and tourism: The case of developing island countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 50, 143-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.12.001 Singh, M., y Davidson, W. N., III. (2003). Agency costs, ownership structure and corporate governance mechanisms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(5), 793–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00260-6 Singh, M., y Davidson, W. N., III. (2003). Agency costs, ownership structure and corporate governance mechanisms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(5), 793–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00260-6 Skare, M., Gavurova, B., y Polishchuk, V. (2023) A large‐scale decision‐making model for the expediency of funding the development of tourism infrastructure in regions. Expert Systems, e13443. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.13443 Smith, D. (2003). Five principles for research ethics. Monitor on psychology, 34(1), 56. https://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~koehl/Teaching/ECS188_F19/Reprints/Research_ethics.pdf Smyth, P. (2008). Collaborative governance: the community sector and collaborative network governance. In Collaborative Governance. https://doi.org/10.22459/cg.12.2008.06 Sokhanvar, A., y Jenkins, G. P. (2022). Impact of foreign direct investment and international tourism on long-run economic growth of Estonia. In Journal of Economic Studies (Vol. 49, Issue 2, pp. 364–378). https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2020-0543 Sommer, C. (2021). Powerful ways of (not) knowing New Urban Tourism conflicts. In The Power of New Urban Tourism (pp. 161–172). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003093923-13 Song, H., Dwyer, L., Li, G., y Cao, Z. (2012). Tourism economics research: A review and assessment. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 39, Issue 3, pp. 1653–1682). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.05.023 Song, H., Liu, J., y Chen, G. (2013). Tourism value chain governance: Review and prospects. Journal of travel research, 52(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512457264 Spagnoli, L., y Mundula, L. (2021). Between Urban and Rural: Is Agricultural Parks a Governance Tool for Developing Tourism in the Periurban Areas? Reflections on Two Italian Cases. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 14, p. 8108). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13148108 Spilanis, I., y Vayanni, H. (2004). Sustainable Tourism: Utopia or Necessity? The Role of New Forms of Tourism in the Aegean Islands. In Coastal Mass Tourism (pp. 269–291). https://doi.org/10.21832/9781873150702-015 Stake, R. 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. Stake, R. 2006. Multiple Case Study Analysis. Guilford Press, New York. Staller, K. M. (2021). Big enough? Sampling in qualitative inquiry. Qualitative Social Work, 20(4), 897–904. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250211024516 Stewart, J. (2012). Multiple-case study methods in governance-related research. Public Management Review, 14(1), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2011.589618 Strickland-Munro, J., y Moore, S. (2014). Exploring the impacts of protected area tourism on local communities using a resilience approach. In Koedoe (Vol. 56, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i2.1161 Stronza, A. (2008). Through a New Mirror: Reflections on Tourism and Identity in the Amazon. In Human Organization (Vol. 67, Issue 3, pp. 244–257). https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.67.3.a556044720353823 Stronza, A., y Hunt, C. (2012). Visions of Tourism: From Modernization to Sustainability. In Practicing Anthropology (Vol. 34, Issue 3, pp. 19–22). https://doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.3.0203vv87563xt730 Subdirección de Gestión y Manejo de Áreas Protegidas. (2011). Decreto Ley 3572 del 27 de septiembre de 2011. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma_pdf.php?i=65329 Surmeier, A. (2020). Dynamic capability building and social upgrading in tourism-Potentials and limits of sustainability standards. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(10), 1498-1518. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1744615 Sussman, L., Adams, A. J., Kuzmits, F. E., y Raho, L. E. (2002). Organizational politics: Tactics, channels, and hierarchical roles. Journal of Business ethics, 40, 313-329. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020807700478 Sweet, T. (2018). Social Network Analysis. In The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences (pp. 434–444). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315755649-32 Tanguay, G. A., Rajaonson, J., y Therrien, M.-C. (2013). Sustainable tourism indicators: selection criteria for policy implementation and scientific recognition. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 21, Issue 6, pp. 862–879). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.742531 Tasnim, Z., Shareef, M. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Kumar, U., Kumar, V., Tegwen Malik, F., y Raman, R. (2022). Tourism sustainability during COVID-19: developing value chain resilience. In Operations Management Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-021-00250-8 Thoene, U., y Hoyos, A. T. (2019). Trust, business, and society in a post-conflict scenario - the case of managing workplace practices in Colombia. In International Journal of Business and Globalisation (Vol. 23, Issue 2, p. 232). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2019.102465 Thomsen, C. (2013). Sustainability (World Commission on Environment and Development Definition). In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 2358–2363). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_531 Timur, S., y Getz, D. (2008). A Network Perspective on Managing Actors for Sustainable Urban Tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20, 445-461. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110810873543 Tkalec, M., y Vizek, M. (2016). The Price Tag of Tourism: Does Tourism Activity Increase the Prices of Goods and Services? In Tourism Economics (Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 93–109). https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0415 Tolkach, D., y King, B. (2015). Strengthening Community-Based Tourism in a new resource-based island nation: Why and how?. Tourism Management, 48, 386-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.013 Toth, E., Bragalli, C., y Neri, M. (2018). Assessing the significance of tourism and climate on residential water demand: Panel-data analysis and non-linear modelling of monthly water consumptions. In Environmental Modelling & Software (Vol. 103, pp. 52–61). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.01.011 Tovmasyan, G. (2021). Capital investments, tourist tax and tourism development: The case study of Armenia. In Economics & Sociology (Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 199–213). https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-1/13 Trosper, R. L. (2003). Resilience in Pre-contact Pacific Northwest Social Ecological Systems. In Conservation Ecology (Vol. 7, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-00551-070306 Tsaur, S.-H., Lin, Y.-C., y Lin, J.-H. (2006). Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated perspective of resource, community and tourism. Tourism Management, 27(4), 640–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.006 Tu, J., Luo, S., Yang, Y., Qin, P., Qi, P., y Li, Q. (2021). Spatiotemporal Evolution and the Influencing Factors of Tourism-Based Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 7, p. 4008). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074008 Tuan, L. T. (2022). Tourism employee ambidexterity: The roles of servant leadership, job crafting, and perspective taking. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 51, pp. 53–66). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.02.019 Tuohino, A., y Konu, H. (2014). Local stakeholders’ views about destination management: who are leading tourism development? In Tourism Review (Vol. 69, Issue 3, pp. 202–215). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2013-0033 Tuvendal, M., y Elmqvist, T. (2012). Response strategy assessment: a tool for evaluating resilience for the management of social–ecological systems. In Resilience and the Cultural Landscape (pp. 224–241). https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139107778.017 Udiyana, I. B. G., Suastama, I. B. R., Astini, N. N. S., Mahanavami, G. A., Karwini, N. K., y Maretta, Y. A. (2018). Innovation Strategy the Development of Competitifeness of Eco-Based Coastal Tourism Destination, Management Organization and Quality of Services. In Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism (Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 851). https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.4(28).19 Uğur, L. (2018). Integrated destination governance. In Destination Resilience (pp. 88–97). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701904-7 Umurzakov, U., Tosheva, S., y Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries. In Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00872-0 UNWTO (2017). Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284419401 UNWTO (2022). Panorama OMT del turismo internacional, Edición 2016. https://www.unwto.org/es/omt-dashboard-datos-turisticos UNWTO. (2019). EU Guidebook on Sustainable Tourism for Development. https://www.unwto.org/es/EU-guidebook-on-sustainable-tourism-for-development Vega-Muñoz, A., Salazar-Sepúlveda, G., Contreras-Barraza, N., y Araya-Silva, L. (2021). Port Governance and Cruise Tourism. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 9, p. 4877). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094877 Vieira-Salazar, J.A.., Echeverri-Rubio, A., y Mejía-Franco, N. (2021). Efectos socio-espaciales del turismo en procesos de gentrificación: análisis bibliométrico y de literatura. In Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (Vol. 26, Issue 5 Edición Especial, pp. 540–562). https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.26.e5.35 Vignieri, V. (2019). Destination Governance at Stake: Fostering Policy Coordination Among Decision-Makers of a Small Town. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 16, Issue 5, pp. 556–574). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2018.1537001 Volgger, M., y Pechlaner, H. (2014). Requirements for destination management organizations in destination governance: Understanding DMO success. Tourism Management, 41, 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.09.001 Volgy, T. J., y Gordell, K. M. (2019). Rising powers, status competition, and global governance: a closer look at three contested concepts for analyzing status dynamics in international politics. In Contemporary Politics (Vol. 25, Issue 5, pp. 512–531). https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2019.1621719 Vujičić, M. D., Kennell, J., Morrison, A., Filimonau, V., Papuga, I. Š., Stankov, U., y Vasiljević, D. A. (2020). Fuzzy Modelling of Tourist Motivation: An Age-Related Model for Sustainable, Multi-Attraction, Urban Destinations. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 20, p. 8698). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208698 Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., y Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework. In Tourism Management (Vol. 36, pp. 342–353). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.008 Walker, B., Carpenter, S. R., Anderies, J. M., Abel, N., Cumming, G., Janssen, M. A., Lebel, L., Norberg, J., Peterson, G. D., y Pritchard, R. (2002). Resilience Management in Social-ecological Systems: a Working Hypothesis for a Participatory Approach. In Conservation Ecology (Vol. 6, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-00356-060114 Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., y Kinzig, A. P. (2004). Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems. In Ecology and Society (Vol. 9, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-00650-090205 Walmsley, A. (2016). Youth Employment in Tourism and Hospitality: A Critical Review. Goodfellow Publishers Limited. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=WqWSrgEACAAJ Wan, Y. K. P., Li, X., Lau, V. M.-C., y Dioko, L. (don). (2022). Destination governance in times of crisis and the role of public-private partnerships in tourism recovery from Covid-19: The case of Macao. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 51, pp. 218–228). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.03.012 Wang, C.-M., y Wu, T.-P. (2022). Does tourism promote or reduce environmental pollution? Evidence from major tourist arrival countries. In Environment, Development and Sustainability (Vol. 24, Issue 3, pp. 3334–3355). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01568-w Wang, H., Zhang, B., y Qiu, H. (2022). How a hierarchical governance structure influences cultural heritage destination sustainability: A context of red tourism in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.02.002 Wang, X., y Cai, P. (2021). The relationship between tourism development and multidimensional poverty reduction: A decoupling analysis. In Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01233-4 Wasserman, S., Faust, K., y Stanley. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_Network_Analysis.html?hl=&id=CAm2DpIqRUIC Watts, D. y Strogatz, S. (1998). Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks. Nature 393, 440–442. https://doi.org/10.1038/30918 Wegner, D., Teixeira, E. K., y Verschoore, J. R. (2019). “Modes of Network Governance”: What Advances Have Been Made So Far? In Base - Revista de Administração e Contabilidade da Unisinos (Vol. 16, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.4013/base.2019.161.01 Weis, K., Chambers, C., y Holladay, P. J. (2022). Social-ecological resilience and community-based tourism in the commonwealth of Dominica. In Island Tourism Sustainability and Resiliency (pp. 97-117). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2021.1878267 Wided, R. (2022). Achieving sustainable tourism with dynamic capabilities and resilience factors: A post disaster perspective case of the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia. In Cogent Social Sciences (Vol. 8, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2060539 Wohlstetter, P., Smith, J., y Malloy, C. L. (2005). Strategic Alliances in Action: Toward a Theory of Evolution. In Policy Studies Journal (Vol. 33, Issue 3, pp. 419–442). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00123.x Wong, E. P. Y., Mistilis, N., y Dwyer, L. (2011). A framework for analyzing intergovernmental collaboration – The case of ASEAN tourism. In Tourism Management (Vol. 32, Issue 2, pp. 367–376). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.006 Woosnam, K. M., y Ribeiro, M. A. (2022). Methodological and theoretical advancements in social impacts of tourism research. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–17). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2046011 Wttc. (2022). World travel & tourism council: Travel & tourism. Global economic impact 2023. https://wttc.org/research/economic-impact Wu, H., Tao, J., y Xiao, B. (2020). Towards a stable and truthful incentive mechanism for task delegation in hierarchical crowdsensing. In ICC 2020-2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9148713 Wu, J. S., Barbrook-Johnson, P., y Font, X. (2021). Participatory complexity in tourism policy: Understanding sustainability programmes with participatory systems mapping. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 90, p. 103269). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103269 Wu, X., y Liang, X. (2023). Tourism development level and tourism eco‐efficiency: Exploring the role of environmental regulations in sustainable development. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2555 Wu, Z., Lai, I. K. W., y Tang, H. (2021). Evaluating the Sustainability Issues in Tourism Development: An Adverse-Impact and Serious-Level Analysis. In SAGE Open (Vol. 11, Issue 4, p. 215824402110503). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211050384 Xiao, H., y Smith, S. L. J. (2006). Case studies in tourism research: A state-of-the-art analysis. Tourism Management, 27(5), 738–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.11.002 Xiao, X., Ren, P., y Zhu, H. (2013). Research of tourism supply chain’s benefits distribution problem based on cooperative game theory. In Information Science and Management Engineering. https://doi.org/10.2495/isme132853 Xiong, C., Khan, A., Bibi, S., Hayat, H., y Jiang, S. (2022). Tourism subindustry level environmental impacts in the US. In Current Issues in Tourism (pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2043835 Xu, H., You, X., y Liu, Y. (2019). Tourists’ socially responsible consumption: Concept and scale development. In Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal (Vol. 47, Issue 11, pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8553 Xu, S., y Hu, Y. (2021). How do residents respond to negative environmental impacts from tourism? The role of community participation in empowering residents’ environmentally responsible behavior. In International Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 23, Issue 6, pp. 1099–1111). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2471 Yang, C., Lin, Z., Huang, J., y Cheng, T. (2021). A Dynamic Tax Model Based on Destination Lifecycle for Sustainable Tourism Development. In Journal of Travel Research (p. 004728752110575). https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211057596 Yang, E., Kim, J., y Hwang, C. S. (2022). The spatial moderating effect of environmental pollution on the relationship between tourism and community resilience. In Tourism Management (Vol. 93, p. 104554). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104554 Yasarata, M., Altinay, L., Burns, P., y Okumus, F. (2010). Politics and sustainable tourism development – Can they co-exist? Voices from North Cyprus. In Tourism Management (Vol. 31, Issue 3, pp. 345–356). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.016 Yeboah, T. (2021). Dynamics of ecotourism benefits distribution. Tourism Planning & Development, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1876161 Yee, W. H., y Liu, P. (2021). Governance capacity and regulatory enforcement: street-level organizations in Beijing’s food safety reform. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 87(2), 256-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852321992110 Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation practice, 15(3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/109821409401500309 Yin, R. K. (2004). The Case Study Anthology. SAGE. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=cVcWlg-4NCcC Yin, R. K. (2013). Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations. Evaluation, 19(3), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389013497081 Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. London, UK: Sage. Yin, R. K. (2015). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish, Second Edition. Guilford Publications. https://books.google.com/books/about/Qualitative_Research_from_Start_to_Finis.html?hl=&id=_XP3CQAAQBAJ Yiu, C.-Y., y Cheung, K.-S. (2021). Urban Zoning for Sustainable Tourism: A Continuum of Accommodation to Enhance City Resilience. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 13, p. 7317). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137317 Young, J. (2005). On insiders (emic) and outsiders (etic): Views of self, and othering. Systemic practice and action research, 18, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-005-4155-8 Ysa, T. (2007). Governance Forms in Urban Public-Private Partnerships. In International Public Management Journal (Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 35–57). https://doi.org/10.1080/10967490601185724 Yüksel, A., Yüksel, F., y Culha, O. (2012). Ministers’ statements: a policy implementation instrument for sustainable tourism? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 513–532). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.617823 Yusuf, M., Bafadhal, F., Effendi, G. N., Saadah, M., y Yuskha, M. (2022). Identifying the Causes of Tourism Conflict Development. In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220302.027 Zaitul, Novianti, N., y Ilona, D. (2022). Tourism governance: village-based tourism criteria in Indonesia. In GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites (Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 415–421). https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.41211-845 Żak, A. (2015). Triple bottom line concept in theory and practice. Social Responsibility of Organizations Directions of Changes, 387(1), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2015.387.21 Zee, E. van der, van der Zee, E., Gerrets, A.-M., y Vanneste, D. (2017). Complexity in the governance of tourism networks: Balancing between external pressure and internal expectations. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 296–308). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.07.003 Zhang, J., y Xiang, G. (2021). Revisiting the Relationship Between Tourism and Crime Based on a Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model. In Crime & Delinquency (p. 001112872110647). https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287211064790 Zhongyuan, Y., Bo, L., y Xinshi, Z. (2019). The concept and classification of tourism land from a social ecological system perspective. En Acta Ecologica Sinica (Vol. 39, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201712252319 Zhu, S., y He, C. (2016). Global and local governance, industrial and geographical dynamics: A tale of two clusters. In Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy (Vol. 34, Issue 8, pp. 1453–1473). https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774x15621760 Zotic, V., Alexandru, D.-E., y Dezsi, Ş. (2014). Debate on tourism in postmodernism and beyond. In Turisticko poslovanje (Issue 13, pp. 79–93). https://doi.org/10.5937/turpos1413079z Zumba-Zuniga, M.-F., Toledo-Macas, R.-K., y Martinez-Fernandez, V.-A. (2021). Management of innovation and social networks in tourism companies: Descriptive theoretical approach of its adoption and use. In 2021 16th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). https://doi.org/10.23919/cisti52073.2021.9476458 |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
359 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Manizales - Administración - Doctorado en Administración |
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Administración |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Manizales, Colombia |
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales |
institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85973/2/75088926.2024.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85973/3/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85973/4/75088926.2024.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
97d15fbd703221cdcedd07f99ed6cf83 eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a 7ce10280dd371808a2825841da5c5d18 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814089198047592448 |
spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Vieira Salazar, Jaime Andrés894e01d1d086519aa19d35654999abd6600Echeverri-Rubio, Alejandrofe9641fab7dbab44ef2bb7adcd9ec6b8600Gestión Responsable para la Sostenibilidad Territorial -Grest-Echeverri Rubio, Alejandro [0000000236115438]https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/jsp/report-index.jsphttps://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/authid/detail.uri?origin=resultslist&authorId=57200200131&zone=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alejandro-Echeverri-Rubio-2https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PNGOX6cAAAAJ&hl=en2024-04-25T14:03:07Z2024-04-25T14:03:07Z2024https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85973Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/graficas, mapas, tablasSe realizó un estudio cuyo objetivo fue analizar los principales desafíos para los actores en la configuración de estructuras de gobernanza que permitan la sostenibilidad de socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en Colombia, se aplicó un diseño cualitativo con momentos cuantitativos, en el cual se usó la observación directa, se encuestó a un total de PNNN (94), Salento-Cocora (113) y San Cipriano (77) actores del turismo, se entrevistaron en total PNNN (24), Salento-Cocora (27) y San Cipriano (18) y se realizaron 3 grupos focales en el PNNN y Salento-Cocora y 2 en San Cipriano. Los instrumentos permitieron recabar datos para identificar los actores, describir sus relaciones, caracterizar los conflictos socio-ecológicos, describir las estructuras de gobernanza y proponer los escenarios prospectivos para el aprovechamiento turístico sostenible en cada caso de estudio. Se usaron diferentes técnicas de análisis, como por ejemplo el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS), la caracterización de los conflictos socioecológicos y los métodos Mic-Mac, Smic y Mactor para los escenarios alternativos. Los resultados muestran que los principales desafíos para los actores de la gobernanza giran en torno a: a) las habilidades y capacidades; b) la participación comunitaria; c) la sostenibilidad; la competitividad y la promoción del destino; d) la regulación y cumplimiento de normas; e) los factores sociales y externos; f) la calidad de vida de los residentes locales; la adaptación y resiliencia frente a cambios externos; g) la tecnología y la coordinación; h) la equidad y la gestión. Se concluyó que existe una relación entre la gobernanza y la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en cuanto que el tipo de red de actores configura la estructura de gobernanza y ésta, de la mano de los conflictos socioecológicos, define los escenarios alternativos para el aprovechamiento turístico en cada caso de estudio. Por lo tanto, los desafíos a los que se enfrenta cada actor en su contexto pueden definir lo que suceda con la sostenibilidad en cada SES con aprovechamiento turístico (Texto tomado de la fuente)A study was conducted to analyze the main challenges faced by actors in establishing governance structures that promote the sustainability of socio-ecosystems with tourism in Colombia. The study utilized a qualitative design with quantitative elements. Direct observation and interviews were conducted with tourism actors in three case studies: PNNN (94), Salento-Cocora (113), and San Cipriano (77). Additionally, focus groups were held in PNNN and Salento-Cocora (3 groups) and San Cipriano (2 groups). Data collection instruments were used to identify actors, describe their relationships, characterize socio- ecological conflicts, describe governance structures, and propose prospective scenarios for sustainable tourism in each case study. Various analysis techniques were employed, including Social Network Analysis (SNA), characterization of socio-ecological conflicts, and the Mic-Mac, Smic, and Mactor methods for alternative scenarios. The results revealed that governance actors face several key challenges, including: a) skills and capabilities; b) community participation; c) sustainability, competitiveness, and destination promotion; d) regulation and compliance with standards; e) social and external factors; f) local residents' quality of life, adaptation, and resilience to external changes; g) technology and coordination; and h) equity and management. It was concluded that the relationship between governance and the sustainability of socio-ecosystems with tourism is influenced by the type of actor network, which shapes the governance structure. Furthermore, this structure, in conjunction with socio-ecological conflicts, determines the alternative scenarios for tourism in each case study. Therefore, the challenges faced by each actor within their specific context can significantly impact the sustainability of socio-ecosystems with tourism.DoctoradoDoctor en AdministraciónCualitativa con momentos cuantitativos.Sostenibilidad territorialAdministración.Sede Manizales359 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaManizales - Administración - Doctorado en AdministraciónFacultad de AdministraciónManizales, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales300 - Ciencias sociales::303 - Procesos socialesGobernanzaSostenibilidadSocioecosistemasTurismoConflictos socioecológicosProspectivaParque Nacional Natural NevadosSalento/CocoraSan CiprianoGovernanceSustainabilitySocio-ecosystemsTourismSocio-ecological conflictsProspectiveNevados National Natural ParkSalento/CocoraSan CiprianoTurismo culturalCultural tourismEcoturismoEcotourismDesafíos para los actores de la gobernanza en la sostenibilidad de los socio-ecosistemas con aprovechamiento turístico en ColombiaChallenges for governance actors in the sustainability of socio-ecosystems with tourism use in ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06TextAbdullah, y Raman. (2001). Quantitative and qualitative research methods: Some strengths and weaknesses. Jurnal Pendidik Dan Pendidikan, Jilid. http://apjee.usm.my/JPP_17_2001/Jilid%2017%20Artikel%2010.pdfAdriana, B. (2009). Environmental supply chain management in tourism: The case of large tour operators. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(16), 1385–1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.06.010Adrianto, L., Kurniawan, F., Romadhon, A., Bengen, D. G., Sjafrie, N. D. M., Damar, A., y Kleinertz, S. (2021). Assessing social-ecological system carrying capacity for urban small island tourism: The case of Tidung Islands, Jakarta Capital Province, Indonesia. In Ocean & Coastal Management (Vol. 212, p. 105844). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105844Alessandro, M., Lagomarsino, B. C., Scartascini, C., y Torrealday, J. (2019). Transparency and Trust in Government: Evidence from a Survey Experiment. IDB Working paper series Nº IDB-WP-962 https://doi.org/10.18235/0001569Alexander, K. A., Ramotadima, M., y Sanderson, C. E. (2018). The power of consensus: Developing a community voice in land use planning and tourism development in biodiversity hotspots. Ecosystem Services, 30, 350-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.02.008Alhasni, Z. (2021). Tourism versus Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Tourism – an element of economic growth of metropolitan cities, entrepreneurs. In Studies of Applied Economics (Vol. 39, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i4.4587Allen, M. D., Pettus, C., y Haider-Markel, D. P. (2004). Making the national local: Specifying the conditions for national government influence on state policymaking. State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 4(3), 318-344. https://doi.org/10.1177/153244000400400Alliance, R. (2007). Assessing and managing resilience in social-ecological systems: Volume 2, supplementary notes to the practitioners workbook. Resilience Alliance, Sweden. https://ia802800.us.archive.org/13/items/resilience_practitioner_workbook_suppl_notes_1.0/resilience_practitioner_workbook_suppl_notes_1.0.pdfAlonso, A. D., y Nyanjom, J. (2017). Local stakeholders, role and tourism development. In Current Issues in Tourism (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 480–496). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1078782Amore, A., y Hall, M. C. (2016). From governance to meta-governance in tourism? Re-incorporating politics, interests and values in the analysis of tourism governance. In Tourism Recreation Research (Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 109–122). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2016.1151162Andriesse, E., Saguin, K., Ablo, A. D., Kittitornkool, J., Kongkaew, C., Mang'ena, J., ... y Yang, J. (2022). Aligning bottom-up initiatives and top-down policies? A comparative analysis of overfishing and coastal governance in Ghana, Tanzania, the Philippines, and Thailand. Journal of Rural Studies, 92, 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.032Anika, J. J., Khan, M. Y. H., y Hassan, A. (2020). The Role of Local Government in Tourism Development: Evidence from Kuakata, Bangladesh. In Tourism Policy and Planning in Bangladesh (pp. 33–50). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7014-8_3Anjos, F. A. dos, dos Anjos, F. A., y Kennell, J. (2019). Tourism, Governance and Sustainable Development. In Sustainability (Vol. 11, Issue 16, p. 4257). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164257Ansell, C., y Gash, A. (2018). Collaborative Platforms as a Governance Strategy. In Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 16–32). https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux030Añasco, C. P., Monteclaro, H. M., Catedrilla, L. C., Lizada, J. C., y Baylon, C. C. (2021). Measuring Small Island Disaster Resilience Towards Sustainable Coastal and Fisheries Tourism: The Case of Guimaras, Philippines. In Human Ecology (Vol. 49, Issue 4, pp. 467–479). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00241-0Aragon-Gastelum, J. L., Uc May, D. D., Neri-Hernandez, J. J., Duarte-Canul, J. A., y Gonzalez-Duran, E. A. (2020). Sustainability, gender, and distribution of economic benefits of ecotourism in Isla Arena, Campeche, Mexico. Interciencia, 45(7), 338-344. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/339/33963922007/html/Arjoon, S. (2006). Striking a balance between rules and principles-based approaches for effective governance: A risks-based approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 68, 53-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9040-6Aslan, A., y Kozak, M. (2019). Neoliberal Collaboration of Tourism Academia and Industry: The Case of Destination Governance. In N. Kozak & M. Kozak (Eds.), Tourist Destination Management: Instruments, Products, and Case Studies (pp. 15–26). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16981-7_2Aßländer, M. S. (2021). Subsidiarity, wicked problems and the matter of failing states. In Journal of Global Ethics (Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 285–301). https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2021.1933137Atmodjo, E., Lamers, M., y Mol, A. P. J. (2020). Governing Dynamics in Marine Conservation Tourism in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 17, Issue 6, pp. 655–673). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1686652Aytekin, A., Keles, H., Uslu, F., Keles, A., Yayla, O., Tarinc, A., y Ergun, G. S. (2023). The Effect of Responsible Tourism Perception on Place Attachment and Support for Sustainable Tourism Development: The Moderator Role of Environmental Awareness. Sustainability, 15(7), 5865. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075865Badoc-Gonzales, B. P., Mandigma, M. B. S., y Tan, J. J. (2022). SME resilience as a catalyst for tourism destinations: a literature review. In Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-022-00309-1Baggio, R. (2008). Symptoms of Complexity in a Tourism System. In Tourism Analysis (Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 1–20). https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208784548797Baggio, R., Scott, N., y Cooper, C. (2011). Design of tourism governance networks. In Tourist destination governance: practice, theory and issues (pp. 159–171). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845937942.0159Bai, J., Chen, Y., y Long, Y. (2021). The structural equivalence of tourism cooperative network in the Belt and Road Initiative Area. Environmental Research, 197, 111043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111043Baltaci, F., y Cevirgen, A. (2020). The impacts of second home tourism on socio-cultural and economic life: The residents’ perspectives. In Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA (Vol. 70, Issue 3, pp. 273–288). https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2003273bBanisar, D., Parmar, S., de Silva, L., y Excell, C. (2011). Moving from principles to rights: Rio 2012 and access to information, public participation, and justice. Sustainable Dev. L. & Pol'y, 12, 8. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2164685Baptista, J. M. L., Pocinho, M., y Nechita, F., (2019). Tourism and Public Policy. In Series V - Economic Sciences (Vol. 12(61), Issue 1, pp. 77–86). https://doi.org/10.31926/but.es.2019.12.61.1.11Barelkowski, R. (2009). Involving social participation in the preservation of heritage: the experience of Greater Poland and Kujavia. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 122, 435-446. https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-ecology-and-the-environment/122/20393Barrutia, J. M., y Echebarria, C. (2019). Comparing three theories of participation in pro-environmental, collaborative governance networks. Journal of Environmental Management, 240, 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.103Bawden, D. (2004). Philosophies of Social Science: The Classic and Contemporary Readings. Journal of Documentation, 60(2), 231–234. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410410523169Baxamusa, M. H. (2008). Empowering communities through deliberation the model of community benefits agreements. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 27(3), 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X07308448Beaumont, N., y Dredge, D. (2010). Local tourism governance: a comparison of three network approaches. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 7–28). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903215139Becken, S., y Loehr, J. (2022). Tourism governance and enabling drivers for intensifying climate action. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2032099Beltramo, R., Peira, G., y Bonadonna, A. (2021). Creating a Tourism Destination through Local Heritage: The Stakeholders’ Priorities in the Canavese Area (Northwest Italy). In Land (Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 260). https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030260Benckendorff, P., y Zehrer, A. (2013). A network analysis of tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 43, 121-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.04.005Benneworth, P., y Roberts, P. (2002). Devolution, Sustainability and Local Economic Development: Impacts on Local Autonomy, Policymaking and Economic Development Outcomes. In Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit (Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 239–252). https://doi.org/10.1080/02690940210152540Bergh, D. D., y Lawless, M. W. (1998). Portfolio restructuring and limits to hierarchical governance: The effects of environmental uncertainty and diversification strategy. Organization science, 9(1), 87-102. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2640423Beritelli, P., y Bieger, T. (2014). From destination governance to destination leadership – defining and exploring the significance with the help of a systemic perspective. In Tourism Review (Vol. 69, Issue 1, pp. 25–46). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2013-0043Berkes, F., y Folke, C. (1994). Linking Social and Ecological Systems for Resilience and Sustainability. https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/4352/Berkes-linking_social_and_ecological_systems_for_resilience_and_sustainability.pdf?sequence=1Berkes, F., y Ross, H. (2013). Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach. In Society & Natural Resources (Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 5–20). https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2012.736605Berkwits, M., y Aronowitz, R. (1995). Different questions beg different methods [Review of Different questions beg different methods]. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 10(7), 409–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02599845Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Rowman & Littlefield. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/11396/Russel-Research-Method-in-Anthropology.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yBerselli, C., Pereira, L. A., Pereira, T., y Limberger, P. F. (2022). Overtourism: Residents’ Perceived Impacts of Tourism Saturation. In Tourism Analysis (Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 161–172). https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221x16187814403074Bhandari, R. (2021). Talking Crime and Aggression: Tourism and Governance in Agra, India. In South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies (Vol. 44, Issue 4, pp. 721–738). https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2021.1941524Bianchi, R. V. (2004). Tourism Restructuring and the Politics of Sustainability: A Critical View From the European Periphery (The Canary Islands). In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp. 495–529). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667251Bichler, B. F. (2021). Designing tourism governance: The role of local residents. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 19, p. 100389). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100389Bichler, B. F., y Lösch, M. (2019). Collaborative Governance in Tourism: Empirical Insights into a Community-Oriented Destination. In Sustainability (Vol. 11, Issue 23, p. 6673). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236673Bieger, T. (1998). Reengineering destination marketing organizations: The case of Switzerland. Tourism Review, 3, 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058277Biggs, R., Clements, H., de Vos, A., Folke, C., Manyani, A., Maciejewski, K., ... y Schlüter, M. (2021). What are social-ecological systems and social-ecological systems research?. In The routledge handbook of research methods for social-ecological systems (pp. 3-26). Routledge. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/49560/9781000401516.pdf?sequence=1#page=36Blijleven, W. (2022). Expert, bureaucrat, facilitator: the role of expert public servants in interactive governance. Local Government Studies, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2022.2047028Bobic, S., y Akhavan, M. (2022). Tourism gentrification in Mediterranean heritage cities. The necessity for multidisciplinary planning. In Cities (Vol. 124, p. 103616). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103616Bock, I. A., Costa, R., Rodrigues, C., y Macke, J. (2021). Examining the concept of governance in tourism research. In Tourism and hospitality management (Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 629–668). https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.27.3.9Bojanowski, M. (2016). Introduction to Social Network Analysis with R. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com/books/about/Introduction_to_Social_Network_Analysis.html?hl=&id=4xbWBgAAQBAJBombini, G., Di Mauro, N., Esposito, F., y Ferilli, S. (2009). Incremental learning from positive examples. Universit`a degli Studi di Bari, Dipartimento di Informatica. http://www.programmazionelogica.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/cilc09-proceedings.pdf#page=117Borges, M., Eusébio, C., y Carvalho, N. (2014). Governance for sustainable tourism: A review and directions for future research. In European Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 7, pp. 45–56). https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v7i.139Botterill, D., y Platenkamp, V. (2012). Key Concepts in Tourism Research. SAGE. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=MOB6bzfu1p8CBoyd, B. K., Adams, R., y Gove, S. (2017). Research methodology of governance studies: Challenges and opportunities. In Corporate Governance: An International Review (Vol. 25, Issue 6, pp. 382–383). https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12225Boyer-Villemaire, U., Benavente, J., Cooper, J. A. G., y Bernatchez, P. (2014). Analysis of power distribution and participation in sustainable natural hazard risk governance: a call for active participation. Environmental Hazards, 13(1), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2013.864592Bramwell, B. (1996). Sustainable Tourism Management: Principles and Practice. https://archive.org/details/sustainabletouri0000unse_q1t3/mode/1up?view=theaterBramwell, B. (2010). Participative Planning and Governance for Sustainable Tourism. In Tourism Recreation Research (Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp. 239–249). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2010.11081640Bramwell, B. (2011). Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: a political economy approach. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 459–477). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.576765Bramwell, B. (2013). Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: a political economy approach. In Tourism Governance (pp. 59–78). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.576765Bramwell, B., y Lane, B. (1993). Interpretation and Sustainable Tourism: The Potential and the Pitfalls. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 71–80). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589309450706Bramwell, B., y Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 411–421). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586Bramwell, B., y Lane, B. (2013). Tourism Governance: Critical Perspectives on Governance and Sustainability. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203721025/tourism-governance-bill-bramwell-bernard-laneBramwell, B., y Meyer, D. (2007). Power and tourism policy relations in transition. Annals of tourism research, 34(3), 766-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.03.009Breiger, R. L. (2004). The analysis of social networks. Handbook of data analysis, 505-526. En: Handbook of Data Analysis, edited by Melissa Hardy and Alan Bryman. London: SAGE Publications, 2004. https://www.u.arizona.edu/~breiger/NetworkAnalysis.pdfBrida, J. G., Monterubbianesi, P. D. l., y Zapata-Aguirre. (2011). Impactos del turismo sobre el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo. El caso de los principales destinos turísticos de Colombia. En PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural (Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 291–303). https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2011.09.026Brown, J. (2006). Reflexivity in the research process: Psychoanalytic observations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9(3), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570600652776Bryman, A. (2015). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_Research_Methods.html?hl=&id=N2zQCgAAQBAJBuckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals Of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003Buonincontri, P., y Micera, R. (2016). The experience co-creation in smart tourism destinations: a multiple case analysis of European destinations. Information Technology & Tourism, 16, 285- https://doi.org/315. 10.1007/s40558-016-0060-5Burns, P. M. (2004). Tourism planning: A third way?. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.001Butler, R. (2020). Tourism – resilient but vulnerable as “the times they are a changing” in the “new normality.” In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp. 663–670). https://doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2020-0063Butler, R. W. (1999). Sustainable tourism: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Place, Space and the Environment, 1(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616689908721291Byrd, E. T. (2007). Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and their roles: applying stakeholder theory to sustainable tourism development. In Tourism Review (Vol. 62, Issue 2, pp. 6–13). https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370780000309Calgaro, E., Lloyd, K., y Dominey-Howes, D. (2014). From vulnerability to transformation: a framework for assessing the vulnerability and resilience of tourism destinations. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 341–360). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.826229Calvete, H. I., Galé, C., Iranzo, J. A., y Mateo, P. M. (2023). A decision tool based on bilevel optimization for the allocation of water resources in a hierarchical system. International Transactions in Operational Research, 30(4), 1673-1702. https://doi.org/10.1111/itor.12943Canavan, B. (2016). Tourism culture: Nexus, characteristics, context and sustainability. In Tourism Management (Vol. 53, pp. 229–243). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.10.002Caponi, V. (2022). The economic and environmental effects of seasonality of tourism: A look at solid waste. In Ecological Economics (Vol. 192, p. 107262). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107262Carpenter, S. R., Westley, F., y Turner, M. G. (2005). Surrogates for Resilience of Social–Ecological Systems. In Ecosystems (Vol. 8, Issue 8, pp. 941–944). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0170-yCasiano-Flores, C., Vikolainen, V., y Bressers, H. (2016). Water governance decentralisation and river basin management reforms in hierarchical systems: do they work for water treatment policy in Mexico’s Tlaxcala Atoyac Sub-basin?. Water, 8(5), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8050210Castiglioni, C., Lozza, E., Anselmi, P., y Rossi, R. (2020). Assessing social impact in the field of sustainable tourism development: Evidence from Cabo Delgado (MZ). In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 37, Issue 4, pp. 553–569). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2019.1660858Cehan, A., Eva, M., y Iațu, C. (2021). A multilayer network approach to tourism collaboration. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 46, pp. 316–326). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.006Cengiz, C., Cengiz, B., y Smardon, R. C. (2022). A Bridge between Coastal Resilience and Tourism-Recreation: Multifunctional Benefit of Boardwalk Design for Sustainable Development in the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. In Water (Vol. 14, Issue 9, p. 1434). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091434Chan, J. K. L., Marzuki, K. M., y Mohtar, T. M. (2021). Local Community Participation and Responsible Tourism Practices in Ecotourism Destination: A Case of Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 23, p. 13302). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313302Chattopadhyay, M., Kumar, A., Ali, S., y Mitra, S. K. (2022). Human development and tourism growth’s relationship across countries: a panel threshold analysis. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issue 6, pp. 1384–1402). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1949017Chenail, R. J. (2011). Interviewing the investigator: Strategies for addressing instrumentation and researcher bias concerns in qualitative research. Qualitative report, 16(1), 255-262. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol16/iss1/16/Cheng, L., y Xu, J. (2021). Benefit-sharing and residents’ subjective well-being in rural tourism: An asymmetric approach. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 21, p. 100631). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100631Chilufya, A., Hughes, E., y Scheyvens, R. (2019). Tourists and community development: corporate social responsibility or tourist social responsibility? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 27, Issue 10, pp. 1513–1529). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1643871Christian, M., Fernandez-Stark, K., Ahmed, G., y Gereffi, G. (2011). The tourism global value chain: Economic upgrading and workforce development. En: G. Gereffi, K. Fernandez-Stark, & P. Psilos, Skills for upgrading, Workforce development and global value chains in developing countries, 276-280. https://www.academia.edu/86076618/The_Tourism_Global_Value_ChainCiesielska, M., y Jemielniak, D. (Eds.). (2018). Qualitative methodologies in organization studies (p. 33). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-65217-7.pdfClarke, J. (1997). A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 224–233). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589708667287Cochrane, J. (2010). The Sphere of Tourism Resilience. In Tourism Recreation Research (Vol. 35, Issue 2, pp. 173–185). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2010.11081632Colombelli, A., Paolucci, E., y Ughetto, E. (2019). Hierarchical and relational governance and the life cycle of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 52, 505-521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9957-4Cordero, A. (2006). Nuevos ejes de acumulación y naturaleza: el caso del turismo. Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=fF2kGQAACAAJCorneil, D., Villeneuve, B., Piffady, J., Chandesris, A., Usseglio-Polatera, P., y Souchon, Y. (2018). Introducing nested spatial scales in multi-stress models: towards better assessment of human impacts on river ecosystems. In Hydrobiologia (Vol. 806, Issue 1, pp. 347–361). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3374-1Corzo, D. (2019). Las normas técnicas sectoriales como estrategia de calidad en el turismo colombiano (Sectoral Technical Standards As a Quality Strategy in Colombian Tourism). Available at SSRN 3644435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3644435Costa, C. (2006). Tourism Planning, Development and the Territory. In Tourism Management Dynamics (pp. 236–243). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-6378-6.50035-4Coutinho, A. C. A., y de Mendonça-Nóbrega, W. R. (2019). Governança em destinos turísticos: desafios na sociedade contemporânea. In Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo (Vol. 13, Issue 3, pp. 55–70). https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v13i3.1543Crace, L., y Gehman, J. (2022). What Really Explains ESG Performance? Disentangling the Asymmetrical Drivers of the Triple Bottom Line. In Organization & Environment (p. 108602662210794). https://doi.org/10.1177/10860266221079408Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE. https://www.docdroid.net/XAQ0IXz/creswell-research-design-qualitative-quantitative-and-mixed-methods-approaches-2018-5th-ed-pdf#page=40Creswell, J. W., y Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications. https://academia.utp.edu.co/seminario-investigacion-II/files/2017/08/INVESTIGACION-CUALITATIVACreswell.pdfCroes, R., Ridderstaat, J., Bąk, M., y Zientara, P. (2021). Tourism specialization, economic growth, human development and transition economies: The case of Poland. In Tourism Management (Vol. 82, p. 104181). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104181Crowley, K., y Head, B. W. (2017). The enduring challenge of “wicked problems”: revisiting Rittel and Webber. In Policy Sciences (Vol. 50, Issue 4, pp. 539–547). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-017-9302-4Culpepper, P. D. (2020). Re-Embedding Public Policy: Decentralised Collaborative Governance in France and Italy 1. In The Economy as a Polity: The Political Constitution of Contemporary Capitalism (pp. 137–157). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003076506-10Dalsgaard, P. (2010). Challenges of participation in large-scale public projects. In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference on - PDC ’10. https://doi.org/10.1145/1900441.1900445Damayanti, M., Tyas, W. P., y Aswad, W. O. S. J. (2021). Conceptualizing multi actors’ collaboration in smart tourism destination. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 673, No. 1, p. 012027). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/673/1/012027Damian, I. M., Navarro, E., y Ruiz, F. (2022). Stakeholders’ perception of the sustainability of a tourism destination: a methodological framework to find out relationships and similarity of opinions. In Tourism Review (Vol. 77, Issue 2, pp. 515–531). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2020-0292Dangi, T. B., y Petrick, J. F. (2021). Augmenting the Role of Tourism Governance in Addressing Destination Justice, Ethics, and Equity for Sustainable Community-Based Tourism. In Tourism and Hospitality (Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 15–42). https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp2010002Dauvergne, P. (2021). Global governance and the Anthropocene. In Global Governance Futures (pp. 26–39). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003139836-4Davies, A. (2001). What silence knows-planning, public participation and environmental values. Environmental Values, 10(1), 77-102. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30301787De Oliveira Barata, M. (2002). Etymologie du terme “gouvernance.” http://europa.eu.int/comm/governance/docs/doc5_en.pdfDe Zubiría Samper, A., y Yáñez, G. B. (2016). Proceso de paz y propuestas de cambio en el sistema político colombiano. Criterio Jurídico Garantista, 8(13), 90–107. https://doi.org/10.26564/21453381.584Decrop, A. (1999). Triangulation in qualitative tourism research. Tourism Management, 20(1), 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00102-2Denny, M. J. (2014). Graph Compartmentalization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.2854. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1407.2854Devkota, N., Paudel, U. R., y Bhandari, U. (2020). Does westernization influence the business culture of a touristic city? In Economics & Sociology (Vol. 13, Issue 4, pp. 154–172). https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2020/13-4/10Devkota, N., Poudel, U. R., Hamarneh, I., y Bhandari, U. (2021). Rethinking Westernization in Destination: Tourists’ Perception of a Touristic City. In Journal of Tourism and Services (Vol. 12, Issue 23, pp. 1–25). https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v12i23.261Dewhurst, H., y Thomas, R. (2003). Encouraging Sustainable Business Practices in a Non-regulatory Environment: A Case Study of Small Tourism Firms in a UK National Park. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 11, Issue 5, pp. 383–403). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667212Dodds, R. (2007). Sustainable Tourism and Policy Implementation: Lessons from the Case of Calviá, Spain. In Current Issues in Tourism (Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp. 296–322). https://doi.org/10.2167/cit278.0Dolenec, S., y Vodeb, K. (2021). The Relationship of the Local Community and Dark Tourism Development. In Drustvena istrazivanja (Vol. 30, Issue 4, pp. 699–719). https://doi.org/10.5559/di.30.4.03Dolnicar, S., Gray, A., Grün, B., Li, H., y Portmann, M. (2023). Automatically monitoring environmental performance in tourism–The example of plate waste at all-you-can-eat buffets. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 4(2), 100100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2023.100100Dong, J., Shi, Y., Liang, L., y Wu, H. (2012). Comparative Analysis of Underdeveloped Tourism Destinations’ Choice of Cooperation Modes: A Tourism Supply-Chain Model. In Tourism Economics (Vol. 18, Issue 6, pp. 1377–1399). https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2012.0170aDossou, T. A. M., Kambaye, E. N., Bekun, F. V., y Eoulam, A. O. (2021). Exploring the linkage between tourism, governance quality, and poverty reduction in Latin America. In Tourism Economics (p. 135481662110439). https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166211043974Downs, C. A., Cruz, O. T., y Remengesau, T. E. (2022). Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism. In Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (Vol. 32, Issue 5, pp. 896–906). https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3791Dragan, Kramberger, y Topolšek. (2015). Supply chain integration and firm performance in the tourism sector. Pre-Conference Proceedings. https://www.academia.edu/download/59812500/ICLST15_TOURISM_SC_REVIEW20190620-16996-hfiets.pdfDredge, D. (1999). Destination place planning and design. Annals of tourism research, 26(4), 772-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00007-9Dredge, D. (2006). Policy networks and the local organisation of tourism. In Tourism Management (Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 269–280). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.003Dredge, D. (2015). Tourism and Governance. En G. Moscardo & P. Benckendorff (Eds.), Education for Sustainability in Tourism: A Handbook of Processes, Resources, and Strategies (pp. 75–90). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47470-9_5Duffy, R. (2014). Interactive elephants: Nature, tourism and neoliberalism. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 44, pp. 88–101). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.09.003Dunlop, C. A., Radaelli, C. M., y Trein, P. (2018). Learning in Public Policy: Analysis, Modes and Outcomes. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-76210-4Durbarry, R., y Seetanah, B. (2015). The impact of long haul destinations on carbon emissions: the case of Mauritius. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24(4), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2014.914363Echeverri-Rubio, A., y Vieira Salazar, J. A. (2022). Tendencias en la investigación del turismo sostenible en Latinoamérica y el Caribe: un análisis bibliométrico. Universidad & Empresa, 24(42), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/empresa/a.11131Elgammal, I. (2022). What if the local community is already well-off enough? Stakeholders’ conflicts over sustainable tourism development in remote communities. In Journal of Place Management and Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-02-2021-0020Epstein, G., Bennett, A., Gruby, R., Acton, L., & Nenadovic, M. (2014). Studying power with the social-ecological system framework. Understanding society and natural resources: forging new strands of integration across the social sciences, 111-135. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/32706/1/608246.pdf#page=132Erikson, E., y Parent, J. M. (2007). Central authority and order. Sociological Theory, 25(3), 245-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00307.xEscalona, M., y Oh, D. (2022). Efficacy of Governance in Sustainable Slum Regeneration: Assessment framework for effective governance in sustainable slum tourism regeneration. Rev. urban. [online]. 2022, n.46, pp.131-151. ISSN 0717-5051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0717-5051.2022.61707.Escobedo, S. I. O., Jímenez, G. C., y Sánchez, F. J. P. (2021). Gobernanza y problemas retorcidos. Consideraciones teóricas para abordar problemas del turismo. In Investigaciones Turísticas (Issue 22, p. 176). https://doi.org/10.14198/inturi2021.22.8Espiner, S., Higham, J., y Orchiston, C. (2019). Superseding sustainability: conceptualising sustainability and resilience in response to the new challenges of tourism development. In A Research Agenda for Sustainable Tourism (pp. 21–38). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788117104.00010Espiner, S., Orchiston, C., y Higham, J. (2017). Resilience and sustainability: a complementary relationship? Towards a practical conceptual model for the sustainability–resilience nexus in tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 25, Issue 10, pp. 1385–1400). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1281929Everingham, P., Peters, A., y Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2021). The (im)possibilities of doing tourism otherwise: The case of settler colonial Australia and the closure of the climb at Uluru. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 88, p. 103178). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103178Everingham, P., Young, T. N., Wearing, S. L., y Lyons, K. (2022). A diverse economies approach for promoting peace and justice in volunteer tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 618–636). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1924179Farmaki, A. (2015). Regional network governance and sustainable tourism. In Tourism Geographies (Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 385–407). https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1036915Farrell, B. H., y Twining-Ward, L. (2004). Reconceptualizing tourism. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp. 274–295). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.12.002Farsari, I. (2021). Exploring the nexus between sustainable tourism governance, resilience and complexity research. In Tourism Recreation Research (pp. 1–16). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1922828Faubion, J. D., y Marcus, G. E. (Eds.). (2017). Fieldwork is not what it used to be: Learning anthropology's method in a time of transition. Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801463594Fernández-Santillán, J. (2018). Valor público, gobernanza y tercera vía. In Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales (p. 175). https://doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v25i78.10373Finn, M., Walton, M., y Elliott-White, M. (2000). Tourism and leisure research methods: Data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Pearson education. https://books.google.com.co/books/about/Tourism_and_Leisure_Research_Methods.html?id=meAzEwnoXVoC&redir_esc=yFlagestad, A., y Hope, C. A. (2001). Strategic success in winter sports destinations: a sustainable value creation perspective. Tourism management, 22(5), 445-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00010-3Fleming, W. R., y Toepper, L. (1990). Economic Impact Studies: Relating The Positive And Negative Impacts To Tourism Development. In Journal of Travel Research (Vol. 29, Issue 1, pp. 35–42). https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759002900108Flyvbjerg, B. (2004). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Sosiologisk tidsskrift, 12(2), 117-142. https://web.archive.org/web/20051230200454id_/http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk:80/MSFiveMis9.0SageASPUBL.pdfFolke, C., Carpenter, S., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., Holling, C. S., y Walker, B. (2002). Resilience and Sustainable Development: Building Adaptive Capacity in a World of Transformations. In AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment (Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 437–440). https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.5.437Fontana, A., y Frey, J. H. (2005). The interview. The Sage handbook of qualitative research, 3, 695-727. http://www.iot.ntnu.no/Innovation/Norsi-Common-Courses/Lincoln/Fontana%20&%20frey%20(2000)%20interview.PdfFord, R. C., Wang, Y., y Vestal, A. (2012). Power asymmetries in tourism distribution networks. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 39, Issue 2, pp. 755–779). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.10.001Franco, M., y Estevão, C. (2010). The role of tourism public-private partnerships in regional development: a conceptual model proposal. In Cadernos EBAPE.BR (Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 600–612). https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-39512010000400003Franzoni, S. (2015). Destination governance for sustainable tourism. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(11-12), 215-223. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2169/2015.12.001Freeman, L. C. (2014). The Development of Social Network Analysis – with an Emphasis on Recent Events. In The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis (pp. 26–39). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446294413.n3Freudenberg, N., Pastor, M., y Israel, B A. (2011). Strengthening Community Capacity to Participate in Making Decisions to Reduce Disproportionate Environmental Exposures. American Journal of Public Health, 101(S1), S123-S130. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2011.300265Fukuyama, F. (2013). What is governance? Governance. 26(3), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12035Fusté-Forné, F., y Michael, N. (2021). Limited tourism: travel bubbles for a sustainable future. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–18). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1954654Fyall, A., y Garrod, B. (2019). Destination management: a perspective article. In Tourism Review (Vol. 75, Issue 1, pp. 165–169). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2019-0311Gajdošík, T. (2022). Smart destination governance as a new model of destination development. In Smart Tourism Destination Governance (pp. 29–54). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003269342-4Gajdošík, T., Gajdošíková, Z., y Stražanová, R. (2018). Residents Perception of Sustainable Tourism Destination Development - A Destination Governance Issue. In Global Business Finance Review (Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp. 24–35). https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2018.23.1.24Gallardo-Vázquez, D. (2023). Attributes influencing responsible tourism consumer choices: Sustainable local food and drink, health-related services, and entertainment. Oeconomia Copernicana, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2023.018Gbikpi, B., y Grote, J. R. (2002). From Democratic Government to Participatory Governance. In Participatory Governance (pp. 17–34). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11003-3_1Gentles, S. J., Charles, C., Ploeg, J., y McKibbon, K. (2015). Sampling in Qualitative Research: Insights from an Overview of the Methods Literature. The Qualitative Report, 20(11), 1772-1789. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol20/iss11/5Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., y Sturgeon, T. J. (2018). The Governance of Global Value Chains. In Global Value Chains and Development (pp. 108–134). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108559423.005Giampiccoli, A., Mtapuri, O., y Dłużewska, A. (2021). Sustainable tourism and community-based tourism in small islands: a policy analysis. In Forum Geografic (Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 92-103). University of Craiova, Department of Geography. https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.057.iGi̇ampi̇ccoli̇, A., y Glassom, D. (2020). Community-based tourism in protected areas benefits communities and conservation: a model. In Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR). https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.741805Gibbs, D. (2023). Individual accountability, collective decision-making. Constitutional Political Economy, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-023-09394-0Giddens, A. (2001). La tercera vía y sus críticos. Taurus. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Z_-TPAAACAAJGispert, O. B. I., y Clavé, S. A. (2020). Dimensions and models of tourism governance in a tourism system: The experience of Catalonia. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 17, p. 100465). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100465Gjaltema, J., Biesbroek, R., y Termeer, K. (2020). From government to governance…to meta-governance: a systematic literature review. In Public Management Review (Vol. 22, Issue 12, pp. 1760–1780). https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1648697Glyptou, K., Amore, A., y Adie, B. A. (2022). From Aspirations to Applications: The SDGs and the Role of Indicators in the Measurement of Sustainable Tourism. In Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management (pp. 13–25). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92208-5_2Godet, M., y Roubelat, F. (1996). Creating the future: the use and misuse of scenarios. Long range planning, 29(2), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(96)00004-0Gomez, C. T. (2022). Social solidarity as a dimension of transitional justice: the case of Cartography and Identification of Mass Graves in post-conflict Colombia. In The International Journal of Human Rights (Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 50–73). https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2021.1895763Gomm, Hammersley, y Foster. (2011). Case study and generalization. Case Study Method. https://www.torrossa.com/gs/resourceProxy?an=5017416&publisher=FZ7200#page=109González, E. D. G., Guevara, V. M. L., y Pardo, G. L. (2022). Análisis de la resiliencia social en sistemas socio-ecológicos: Una propuesta interdisciplinaria para los destinos turísticos y su desarrollo sostenible. In Investigaciones Turísticas (Issue 23, p. 48). https://doi.org/10.14198/inturi2022.23.3Goodman, M. S., Thompson, V. L. S., Arroyo Johnson, C., Gennarelli, R., Drake, B. F., Bajwa, P., ... y Bowen, D. (2017). Evaluating community engagement in research: quantitative measure development. Journal of community psychology, 45(1), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21828Gössling, S., y Hall, M. C. (2019). Sharing versus collaborative economy: how to align ICT developments and the SDGs in tourism? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 74–96). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1560455Graci, S. (2020). Collaboration and Partnership Development for Sustainable Tourism. In Tourism and Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 232–249). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324253-14Grandori, A. (1997). Governance structures, coordination mechanisms and cognitive models. Journal of Management & Governance, 1(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009977627870Guasca, M., Vanneste, D., y Van Broeck, A. M. (2022). Peacebuilding and post-conflict tourism: addressing structural violence in Colombia. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 427–443). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1869242Guccio, C., Mazza, I., Mignosa, A., y Rizzo, I. (2018). A round trip on decentralization in the tourism sector. Annals of Tourism Research, 72, 140-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.07.007Guest, G., Namey, E., Taylor, J., Eley, N., y McKenna, K. (2017). Comparing focus groups and individual interviews: findings from a randomized study. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(6), 693-708. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2017.1281601Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2023). Re-examining the participation and empowerment nexus: Applications to community-based tourism. World Development Perspectives, 31, 100518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100518Guttentag, D. A. (2009). The possible negative impacts of volunteer tourism. In International Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 11, Issue 6, pp. 537–551). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.727Hadriani, N. L. G., Gelgel, I. P., y Wibawa, I. P. S. (2021). Environmental Conservation and Socio-Cultural Preservation Manifestations in Tourism Policy Development in Bali. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 12(8), 2263-2271. dec. 2021. ISSN 2068-7729. Available at: https://www.journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/6669.Haid, M., y Albrecht, J. N. (2021). Sustainable Tourism Product Development: An Application of Product Design Concepts. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 14, p. 7957). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147957Hall, C. M. (2011a). A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 437–457). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.570346Hall, C. M. (2011b). Policy learning and policy failure in sustainable tourism governance: from first- and second-order to third-order change? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 19, Issues 4-5, pp. 649–671). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.555555Hall, C. M. (2019). Constructing sustainable tourism development: The 2030 agenda and the managerial ecology of sustainable tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 27, Issue 7, pp. 1044–1060). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1560456Hall, C. M., Gossling, S., y Scott, D. (Eds.). (2015). The Routledge handbook of tourism and sustainability. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203072332Hanneman, R. A., y Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. t http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/Hardy, A., Beeton, R. J. S., y Pearson, L. (2002). Sustainable Tourism: An Overview of the Concept and its Position in Relation to Conceptualisations of Tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 10, Issue 6, pp. 475–496). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667183Hart, P.’t. (2013). Interactive governance: advancing the paradigm - by Jacob Torfing, B. Guy Peters, Jon Pierre and Eva Sørensen. In Public Administration (Vol. 91, Issue 4, pp. 1071–1073). https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12045Hartman, S. (2021). Destination governance in times of change: a complex adaptive systems perspective to improve tourism destination development. In Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-11-2020-0213Hartman, S., Wielenga, B., y Heslinga, J. H. (2020). The future of tourism destination management: building productive coalitions of actor networks for complex destination development. In Journal of Tourism Futures (Vol. 6, Issue 3, pp. 213–218). https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-11-2019-0123Hassan, A. S., y Meyer, D. F. (2022). Does countries’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) risk rating influence international tourism demand? A case of the Visegrád Four. In Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-05-2021-0127He, M., Liu, B., y Li, Y. (2023). Tourist inspiration: How the wellness tourism experience inspires tourist engagement. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 47(7), 1115-1135. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480211026376Heslinga, J. H., Groote, P., y Vanclay, F. (2017). Using a social-ecological systems perspective to understand tourism and landscape interactions in coastal areas. In Journal of Tourism Futures (Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 23–38). https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-10-2015-0047Hey, R. B. (2017). Governance Framework. In Performance Management for the Oil, Gas, and Process Industries (pp. 107–128). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-810446-0.00008-6Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Blanchard, L.-A., y Urbain, Y. (2022). Peace through tourism: Critical reflections on the intersections between peace, justice, sustainable development and tourism. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 335–351). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1952420Higgins-Desbiolles, F., y Bigby, B. C. (2022). A local turn in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 92(C), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103291Hill, C. J., y Lynn, L. E. (2004). Is hierarchical governance in decline? Evidence from empirical research. Journal of public administration research and theory, 15(2), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui011Hipsher, S. (2017). Tourism: Job Creation, Entrepreneurship, and Quality of Life. In S. Hipsher (Ed.), Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia (pp. 231–251). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5948-3_11Hodge, G. A. (2010). Reviewing Public–Private Partnerships: Some Thoughts on Evaluation. In International Handbook on Public–Private Partnerships. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849804691.00012Holladay, P. J. (2018). Destination Resilience and Sustainable Tourism Development. In Tourism Review International (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 251–261). https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218x15369305779029Hollinshead, K. (2006). The Shift to Constructivism in Social Inquiry: Some Pointers for Tourism Studies. Tourism Recreation Research, 31(2), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2006.1108126Holzer, J. M., Adamescu, C. M., Cazacu, C., Díaz-Delgado, R., Dick, J., Méndez, P. F., ... & Orenstein, D. E. (2019). Evaluating transdisciplinary science to open research-implementation spaces in European social-ecological systems. Biological Conservation, 238, 108228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108228Horne, L., De Urioste-Stone, S., Bajgiran, P. R., y Seekamp, E. (2022). Understanding Tourism Suppliers’ Resilience to Climate Change in a Rural Destination in Maine. In Tourism Planning & Development (pp. 1–22). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2083222Hsu, T. W., Inbakaran, R., y George, B. (2013). Understanding the concept of governance in tourism policy-making. In International Journal of Economics and Business Research (Vol. 5, Issue 3, p. 319). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2013.052488Hua, N., Li, B., y Zhang, T. (2020). Crime research in hospitality and tourism. In International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management (Vol. 32, Issue 3, pp. 1299–1323). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2019-0750Huang, S., Lv, T., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Zheng, W., y Wen, C. (2014). Identifying node role in social network based on multiple indicators. PloS One, 9(8), e103733. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103733Hughes, E., y Scheyvens, R. (2020). Corporate social responsibility in tourism post-2015: a Development First approach. In Tourism and Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 74–87). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324253-6Hutchcroft, P. D. (2001). Centralization and decentralization in administration and politics: assessing territorial dimensions of authority and power. Governance, 14(1), 23-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00150Iaffaldano, N. (2015). Inter-firm cooperation as strategic element to get a sustainable competitive advantage in rural tourism: network contract “green-road.” In International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business (Vol. 7, Issue 3/4, p. 266). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijgsb.2015.072688Iandolo, F., Fulco, I., Bassano, C., y D’Amore, R. (2019). Managing a tourism destination as a viable complex system. The case of Arbatax Park. In Land Use Policy (Vol. 84, pp. 21–30). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.02.019Icoz, O., e Icoz, O. (2019). Economic impacts of tourism. In The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Impacts (pp. 95–108). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351025102-8Intapan, C., Chaiboonsri, C., y Piboonrungroj, P. (2021). Sustainable Tourism and Poverty Reduction in Selected ASEAN Member Countries. In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific (pp. 77–97). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1107-0_4Iqbal, A., Ramachandran, S., Siow, M. L., Subramaniam, T., y Afandi, S. H. M. (2022). Meaningful community participation for effective development of sustainable tourism: Bibliometric analysis towards a quintuple helix model. In Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism (Vol. 39, p. 100523). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100523Ivars-Baidal, J., Casado-Díaz, A. B., Navarro-Ruiz, S., y Fuster-Uguet, M. (2023). Smart tourism city governance: exploring the impact on stakeholder networks. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0322Jamal, T., Camargo, B A., Sandlin, J A., y Segrado, R. (2010). Tourism and Cultural Sustainability: Towards an Eco-cultural Justice for Place and People. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(3), 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2010.11081643Jamal, T., y Camargo, B. A. (2018). Tourism governance and policy: Whither justice? In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 25, pp. 205–208). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.009Jamalnia, A., Gong, Y., Govindan, K., Bourlakis, M., y Mangla, S. K. (2023). A decision support system for selection and risk management of sustainability governance approaches in multi-tier supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 108960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.108960Jang, S., Park, J. S., y Choi, Y. T. (2022). Organizational resource and resilience in tourism. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 93, p. 103322). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103322Janssen, M. (2011). Resilience and adaptation in the governance of social-ecological systems. In International Journal of the Commons (Vol. 5, Issue 2, p. 340). https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.320Janssen, M. A., Bodin, Ö., Anderies, J. M., Elmqvist, T., Ernstson, H., McAllister, R. R. J., Olsson, P., y Ryan, P. (2006). Toward a Network Perspective of the Study of Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems. In Ecology and Society (Vol. 11, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-01462-110115Jiménez-Medina, P., Artal-Tur, A., y Sánchez-Casado, N. (2021). Tourism Business, Place Identity, Sustainable Development, and Urban Resilience: A Focus on the Sociocultural Dimension. In International Regional Science Review (Vol. 44, Issue 1, pp. 170–199). https://doi.org/10.1177/0160017620925130Jongruck, P., y Gunawong, P. (2021). Network governance: implications for development. In Handbook of Development Policy (pp. 345–354). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839100871.00039Jonker, J., y Pennink, B. (2010). The Essence of Research Methodology: A Concise Guide for Master and PhD Students in Management Science. Springer Science & Business Media. http://yanchukvladimir.com/docs/Library/Essence%20of%20Research%20methodology%20-%20A%20Concise%20Guide%20for%20Master%20and%20PhD%20Students%202010.pdfJoppe, M. (2018). Tourism policy and governance: Quo vadis? In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 25, pp. 201–204). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.011Jordan, E. J., Vogt, C. A., Kruger, L. E., y Grewe, N. (2013). The interplay of governance, power and citizen participation in community tourism planning. In Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events (Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 270–288). https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2013.789354Jurkus, E., Povilanskas, R., y Taminskas, J. (2022). Current Trends and Issues in Research on Biodiversity Conservation and Tourism Sustainability. In Sustainability (Vol. 14, Issue 6, p. 3342). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063342Kaler, J. (2002). Responsibility, accountability and governance. Business Ethics: A European Review, 11(4), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00292Kasemsap, K. (2016). Encouraging Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Tourism Development in Global Tourism. In Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry (pp. 197–224). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9902-1.ch016Kasim, M., Oetama, D., Bahar, A., Alelo, M., Wardani, K. K., y Susandari, H. (2021). The role of local communities in developing potential areas for marine tourism. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 800, Issue 1, p. 012055). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/800/1/012055Kauffmann, A., y Rosenfeld, M. T. W. (2014). The impact of local factors on the scope of benefits from public investment: the case of tourism infrastructure in Saxon municipalities. In Urban Research & Practice (Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 320–336). https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2014.966510Kelliher, F., Reinl, L., Johnson, T. G., y Joppe, M. (2018). The role of trust in building rural tourism micro firm network engagement: A multi-case study. Tourism Management, 68, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.02.014Kenis, P., y Provan, K. G. (2009). Towards an exogenous theory of public network performance. Public administration, 87(3), 440-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01775.xKetter, E. (2022). Bouncing back or bouncing forward? Tourism destinations’ crisis resilience and crisis management tactics. In European Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 31, p. 3103). https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2748Khadour, N., Fekete, A., y Sárospataki, M. (2023). The Role of the Master Plan in City Development, Latakia Master Plan in an International Context. Land, 12(8), 1634. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081634Khaledi Koure, F., Hajjarian, M., Hossein Zadeh, O., Alijanpour, A., & Mosadeghi, R. (2023). Ecotourism development strategies and the importance of local community engagement. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(7), 6849-6877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02338-yKhan, M. R., Khan, H. U. R., Lim, C. K., Tan, K. L., y Ahmed, M. F. (2021). Sustainable Tourism Policy, Destination Management and Sustainable Tourism Development: A Moderated-Mediation Model. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 21, p. 12156). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112156Kimbu, A. N., y Ngoasong, M. Z. (2013). Centralised decentralisation of tourism development: A Network Perspective. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 40, pp. 235–259). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.09.005Kiradjieva, J., Álvarez, L. L., y Montoya, L. H. B. (2020). Turism Economy and Governance. The Case of the Municipality of San Rafael in Colombia. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 11(8), 1994-2005. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v11.8(48).12Kiumarsi, S., Jaaffar, A. H., Isa, S. M., y Hamid, M. A. (2021). Integrating innovation and sustainability into tour operator business. In International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development (Vol. 1, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijisd.2021.10034895Komppula, R., Suni, J., Turunen, L., Gartner, W. C., y Vainikka, A. (2022). Determinants of the value of fishing tourism experience among anglers. In International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing (Vol. 22, Issue 1/2, p. 19). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsmm.2022.121258Kooiman, J. (2020). Exploring the Concept of Governability. In Institutions and Governance in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies (pp. 148–167). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429441622-14Korzeniewicz, R. P., y Smith, W. C. (2000). Los dos ejes de la tercera vía en América Latina. In Colombia Internacional (Issue 48, pp. 5–34). https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint48.2000.00Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2385/Content%20Analysis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yKuhn, T. S. (1971). La estructura de las revoluciones científicas. Fondo de cultura económica. http://epistemologiadelascienciassociales.sociales.uba.ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2014/10/Kuhn_-_La_Estructura_de_las_revoluciones_Cientificas.pdfLacitignola, D., Petrosillo, I., Cataldi, M., y Zurlini, G. (2007). Modelling socio-ecological tourism-based systems for sustainability. In Ecological Modelling (Vol. 206, Issues 1-2, pp. 191–204). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.034Lapeyre, R. (2011). Governance structures and the distribution of tourism income in namibian communal lands: a new institutional framework. In Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie (Vol. 102, Issue 3, pp. 302–315). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2011.00665.xLaunay, C. (2005). La gobernanza: Estado, ciudadanía y renovación de lo político. Revista Controversia, 185, 92–105. https://doi.org/10.54118/controver.v0i185.221Lauwo, S. G., Azure, J. D. C., Y Hopper, T. (2022). Accountability and governance in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in a developing country context: evidence from Tanzania. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(6), 1431-1461. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-10-2019-4220Lavee, E., y Itzchakov, G. (2021). Good listening: A key element in establishing quality in qualitative research. Qualitative Research: QR, 14687941211039402. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941211039402Lee, S., y Ospina, S. M. (2022). A Framework for Assessing Accountability in Collaborative Governance: A Process-Based Approach. In Perspectives on Public Management and Governance (Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 63–75). https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvab031Leff, E. (2000). Tiempo de sustentabilidad. Ambiente & Sociedade, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-753X2000000100001Leff, E. (2002). Saber ambiental: sustentabilidad, racionalidad, complejidad, poder. Siglo XXI. México.Leff, E. (2004). Racionalidad ambiental y diálogo de saberes. Significancia y sentido en la construcción de un futuro sustentable. Polis. Revista Latinoamericana, (7). https://journals.openedition.org/polis/6232Leff, E. (2004). Racionalidad ambiental: la reapropiación social de la naturaleza. Siglo XXI Editores México. https://ru.iis.sociales.unam.mx/jspui/bitstream/IIS/4937/1/Racionalidad_ambiental.pdfLeff, E. (2008). El turismo ante los retos del cambio climático y de la sustentabilidad. Discursos Sustentables, 272. https://www.ambientico.una.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/tainacan-items/5/17712/170_3-8.pdfLevin, S. A., y Lubchenco, J. (2008). Resilience, Robustness, and Marine Ecosystem-based Management. In BioScience (Vol. 58, Issue 1, pp. 27–32). https://doi.org/10.1641/b580107Lew, A. A. (2014). Scale, change and resilience in community tourism planning. In Tourism Geographies (Vol. 16, Issue 1, pp. 14–22). https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2013.864325Ley 2068 (2020). Modificación de la Ley general de turismo. (31 de julio de 2020), Diario Oficial No. 51.385. Bogotá, Colombia. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma_pdf.php?i=172558Ley 300 (1996). Ley general de turismo. (29 de julio de 1996), Diario Oficial No. 42.853. Bogotá, Colombia. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma_pdf.php?i=8634Li, T., Li, Q., y Liu, J. (2021). The spatial mobility of rural tourism workforce: A case study from the micro analytical perspective. In Habitat International (Vol. 110, p. 102322). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102322Li, T., y Chen, Y. (2021). The obstacles to building a self-management system: Exploring deviant tourists’ anger reactions to the intervention of others. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 47, pp. 303–311). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.04.004Li, X., y Wang, C. (2023). Understanding the relationship between tourists’ perceptions of the authenticity of traditional village cultural landscapes and behavioural intentions, mediated by memorable tourism experiences and place attachment. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(3), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2217959Liang, A. R.-D. (2022). Consumers as co-creators in community-based tourism experience: Impacts on their motivation and satisfaction. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 9, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2034389Lickorish, L. J., y Jenkins, C. L. (1997). Economic impacts of tourism. In Introduction to Tourism (pp. 63–75). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1956-1.50007-3Lim, J., Lo, M. C., Mohamad, A. A., Chin, C. H., y Ramayah, T. (2017). The moderating impact of community support on tri-dimensional impacts of tourism (economic, socio-cultural, & environmental) towards rural tourism competitive advantage. International Journal of Business & Society, 18. Tomo 18, N.º S4, (2017): 869-880. http://www.ijbs.unimas.my/images/repository/pdf/Vol18-s4-paper26.pdfLincoln, y Guba. (2000). The only generalization is: There is no generalization. Case Study Method. https://www.torrossa.com/gs/resourceProxy?an=5017416&publisher=FZ7200#page=38Liu, C.-H. (2021). Creating competitive advantage through network ties, entrepreneurial orientation and intellectual capital. In Management Decision (Vol. 59, Issue 9, pp. 2238–2263). https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2020-0191Liu, Y. L., Chiang, J. T., y Ko, P. F. (2023). The benefits of tourism for rural community development. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01610-4Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667216Lock, A., y Strong, T. (2010). Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815454Logar, I. (2010). Sustainable tourism management in Crikvenica, Croatia: An assessment of policy instruments. In Tourism Management (Vol. 31, Issue 1, pp. 125–135). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.005Long, Y., y Qi, X. (2023). Regional Tourism Cooperation Mechanism. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 149(3), 04023028. https://doi.org/10.1061/JUPDDM.UPENG-4336Lora, A. V., y Andreu, M. G. N.-L. (2020). Alternative Metrics for Assessing the Social Impact of Tourism Research. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 10, p. 4299). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104299Lovelock, B. (2010). Why it's good to be bad: the role of conflict in contributing towards sustainable tourism in protected areas. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(1), 5-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667150Lozano Flores, L., Delgado Pugley, D., Casas Luna, S., Van den Broeck, P., y Parra, C. (2023). Challenging state authority and hierarchical power: A case study of the engagement of Peru's Amazonian Indigenous Peoples' organizations in the governance of REDD+. Environmental Policy and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2067Lu, L. T. (2012). Etic or emic? Measuring culture in international business research. International Business Research, 5(5), 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n5p109Luo, J. M., Fan, Y., y Shang, Z. (2021). Analysis of Critical Success Factors for Entertainment Tourism Destinations: The Supply Perspective. In Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism (pp. 1–24). https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008x.2021.1958126Luthe, T., y Wyss, R. (2016). Resilience to climate change in a cross-scale tourism governance context: a combined quantitative-qualitative network analysis. In Ecology and Society (Vol. 21, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-08234-210127Ma, H., Chiu, Y.-H., Tian, X., Zhang, J., y Guo, Q. (2020). Safety or Travel: Which Is More Important? The Impact of Disaster Events on Tourism. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 7, p. 3038). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12073038Maffesoli, M. (2002). El reencantamiento del mundo. Sociológica, 17(48), 213-241. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=305026561009Mak, B. K., Cheung, L. T., y Hui, D. L. (2017). Community participation in the decision-making process for sustainable tourism development in rural areas of Hong Kong, China. Sustainability, 9(10), 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101695Maldonado, J. H., del Pilar Moreno Sanchez, R., Espinoza, S., Bruner, A., Garzon, N., y Myers, J. (2018). Peace is Much More than Doves: The Economic Benefits of Bird-Based Tourism as a Result of the Peace Treaty in Colombia. In SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2973980Marafa, L. M., Qi, H., y Chan, C. S. (2019). The roles of hierarchical administrations of tourism governance in China: a content analysis. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 11(2), 354-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2018.1539907Mariani, M. M., y Kylänen, M. (2014). The relevance of public-private partnerships in coopetition: empirical evidence from the tourism sector. In International Journal of Business Environment (Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 106). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbe.2014.058026Marson, D. (2011). From mass tourism to niche tourism. In Research themes for tourism (pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936846.0001Martí, J. L. (2017). Pluralism and consensus in deliberative democracy. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 20(5), 556-579. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2017.1328089Martini, U., y Buffa, F. (2015). Local networks, stakeholder dynamics and sustainability in tourism. Opportunities and limits in the light of stakeholder theory and SNA. Sinergie, 2015(96), 113-130. https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/101216/1/FULL%20PAPER_MARTINI_BUFFA_SINERGIE_n96.pdfMatiku, S. M., Zuwarimwe, J., y Tshipala, N. (2021). Sustainable tourism planning and management for sustainable livelihoods. In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp. 524–538). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2020.1801386Matteis, F. D., De Matteis, F., Notaristefano, G., y Bianchi, P. (2021). Public—Private Partnership Governance for Accessible Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 15, p. 8455). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158455Maxwell, J. A. (2021). Why qualitative methods are necessary for generalization. In Qualitative Psychology (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 111–118). https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000173Maxwell, y Chmiel. (2014). Generalization in and from qualitative analysis. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative. https://methods.sagepub.com/base/download/BookChapter/the-sage-handbook-of-qualitative-data-analysis/n37.xmlMayaka, M., Glen Croy, W., y Cox, J. W. (2018). Participation as motif in community-based tourism: a practice perspective. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 26, Issue 3, pp. 416–432). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1359278Mayntz, R. (2001). El Estado y la sociedad civil en la gobernanza moderna. Reforma y democracia, (21), 7-22. http://old.clad.org/portal/publicaciones-del-clad/revista-clad-reforma-democracia/articulos/021-octubre-2001/0041004McLennan, S. (2014). Networks for Development: Volunteer Tourism, Information and Communications Technology, and the Paradoxes of Alternative Development. In PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review (Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 48–68). https://doi.org/10.1111/plar.12050Medaglia, J. D., y Bassett, D. S. (2018). Network Analyses and Nervous System Disorders. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.013.121Melkert, y Vos. (2010). A comparison of quantitative and qualitative approaches: Complementarities and trade-offs. Cultural Tourism Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935184.0033Mik-Meyer, N. (2020). Multimethod Qualitative Research. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative Research (5 ed., pp. 357-374). SAGE Publications. https://www.academia.edu/download/65483300/Mik_Meyer_2020_Chapter_in_Qualitative_Research.pdfMiles, M. B., Michael Huberman, A., y Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=lCh_DwAAQBAJMinisterio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo. (2020). Política de Turismo Sostenible: "Unidos por la Naturaleza". Recuperado de https://www.mincit.gov.co/minturismo/calidad-y-desarrollo-sostenible/politicas-del-sector-turismo/politica-de-turismo-sostenibleMoeller, D. W. (2011). Environmental health. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1cbn3qqMorgan, D. L. (1996). Focus groups. Annual review of sociology, 22(1), 129-152. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.129Moscardo, G., y Murphy, L. (2014). There Is No Such Thing as Sustainable Tourism: Re-Conceptualizing Tourism as a Tool for Sustainability. In Sustainability (Vol. 6, Issue 5, pp. 2538–2561). https://doi.org/10.3390/su6052538Moutinho, L. (Eds.). (2018). Strategic management in tourism, cabi tourism texts. Cabi. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2982/Strategic%20management%20in%20Tourism.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yMulhall, A. (2003). In the field: notes on observation in qualitative research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(3), 306–313. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02514.xMunjal, P. G. (2019). Enhancing heritage tourism in small and medium towns by leveraging their cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and skills. In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 87–98). https://doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2018-0067Murray, R. (2021). A governance analysis of three MPAs in Belize: Conservation objectives compromised by tourism development priorities? In Marine Policy (Vol. 127, p. 104243). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104243Naderifar, M., Goli, H., y Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball sampling: A purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides in Development of Medical. https://sdme.kmu.ac.ir/article_90598.htmlNadirah, R., Zaiton, S., y Wan Norhidayah, W. M. (2020). Local community and visitor awareness of firefly conservation in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. The Malaysian Forester, 83(2), 178-193. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/98397/Neil, T., y Paul, S. (2017). Social Work Theories and Methods in Practice. In Social Work Theory and Methods (pp. 63–64). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315210223-6Nepal, S. K., Lai, P.-H., y Nepal, R. (2022). Do local communities perceive linkages between livelihood improvement, sustainable tourism, and conservation in the Annapurna Conservation Area in Nepal? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 279–298). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1875478Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Allyn & Bacon. http://letrunghieutvu.yolasite.com/resources/w-lawrence-neuman-social-research-methods_-qualitative-and-quantitative-approaches-pearson-education-limited-2013.pdfNguyen, B. (2022). Does Local Environmental Governance Improve Tourism Companies’ Performance? Evidence from Vietnam. In Journal of Travel Research (Vol. 61, Issue 4, pp. 747–761). https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211002653Nguyen, T. Q. T., Johnson, P., y Young, T. (2022). Networking, coopetition and sustainability of tourism destinations. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 50, pp. 400–411). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.01.003Nguyen, T. Q. T., Young, T., Johnson, P., y Wearing, S. (2019). Conceptualising networks in sustainable tourism development. In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 32, p. 100575). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100575Noguera de Echeverri, A. P. (2004). El reencantamiento del mundo. Instituto de Estudios Ambientales (IDEA). https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/handle/unal/9154/9687913312.pdf?sequence=2Noguera de Echeverri, A. P. (2007). Complejidad ambiental: propuestas éticas emergentes del pensamiento ambiental latinoamericano. Gestión y ambiente, 10(1), 05-30. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/gestion/article/view/1156Nooteboom, S. G. (2006). Adaptive Networks: The Governance for Sustainable Development. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. https://books.google.com/books/about/Adaptive_Networks.html?hl=&id=Wq0bC8OmrDECNorman, T. J., y Reed, C. (2010). A logic of delegation. In Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 174, Issue 1, pp. 51–71). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2009.10.001Nunkoo, R. (2015). Tourism development and trust in local government. In Tourism Management (Vol. 46, pp. 623–634). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.016Nunkoo, R. (2016). Toward a more comprehensive use of social exchange theory to study residents’ attitudes to tourism. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 588-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30303-3Nunkoo, R. (2017). Governance and sustainable tourism: What is the role of trust, power and social capital? In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 277–285). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.10.003Nyaupane, G. P., Morais, D. B., y Dowler, L. (2006). The role of community involvement and number/type of visitors on tourism impacts: A controlled comparison of Annapurna, Nepal and Northwest Yunnan, China. Tourism management, 27(6), 1373-1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.013Nyaupane, G. P., Poudel, S., y Timothy, D. J. (2018). Assessing the sustainability of tourism systems: A social–ecological approach. Tourism Review International, 22(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218x15202734130440Nyaupane, G. P., Poudel, S., y York, A. (2022). Governance of protected areas: an institutional analysis of conservation, community livelihood, and tourism outcomes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(11), 2686-2705. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1858089Nyurenberger, L. B., Latysheva, O. A., y Shlegel, S. V. (2022). Tourism Destination Management: Focusing on Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. In Towards an Increased Security: Green Innovations, Intellectual Property Protection and Information Security (pp. 809–815). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93155-1_87O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2010). Public participation and environmental impact assessment: Purposes, implications, and lessons for public policy making. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 30(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2009.05.001Odette, V M. (2005). Public participation applied to the environmental planning. Geo-spatial Information Science, 8(2), 152-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02826857Offe, C. (2018). Governance — “Empty signifier” oder sozialwissenschaftliches Forschungsprogramm? In Governance in einer sich wandelnden Welt VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. (pp. 61–76). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91066-6_3Okafor, L. E., Adeola, O., y Folarin, O. (2023). Natural disasters, trade openness and international tourism: The role of income levels across countries. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(1), 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1891740Okuyama, T. (2022). A simultaneous valuation model on positive and negative tourism benefits under suppressed consumption. In Tourism Economics (p. 135481662210983). https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166221098321Olsson, P., Folke, C., y Berkes, F. (2004). Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social-ecological systems. Environmental Management, 34(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-0101-7Ormerod, N., y Wood, E. H. (2021). Regional event tourism funding policies: A strategic-relational critique of current practice. Journal of Travel Research, 60(4), 860-877. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728752091Ortega, G. A. y Roth A.N. (2014). Participación y deliberación comunitaria en el análisis de políticas públicas sobre bienes comunes y ambientales. Revista Perspectivas de Políticas Públicas, 4(7), 127-153. https://doi.org/10.18294/rppp.2014.667Ostrom, E., y Janssen, M. A. (2004). Multi-Level Governance and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems. In Globalisation, Poverty and Conflict (pp. 239–259). https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2858-x_13Özekici, Y. K., y Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Reflection of acculturation in tourism: a systematic literature review. In International Journal of Tourism Anthropology (Vol. 7, Issue 3/4, p. 284). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijta.2019.10029407Özekici, Y. K., y Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Reflection of acculturation in tourism: a systematic literature review. In International Journal of Tourism Anthropology (Vol. 7, Issue 3/4, p. 284). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijta.2019.10029407Pan, S.-Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S.-L., y Chiang, P.-C. (2018). Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. In Science of The Total Environment (Vol. 635, pp. 452–469). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.134Panyik, E. (2015). Rural Tourism Governance: Determinants of Policy-makers’ Support for Tourism Development. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 48–72). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2014.960603Panzera, E. (2022). From Cultural Heritage to Economic Development Through Tourism. In Cultural Heritage and Territorial Identity (pp. 65–85). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94468-1_3Papaioannou, A., Baroutas, G., Poulaki, I., Yfantidou, G., y Noutsou, A. (2021). Human Resource Empowerment and Employees’ Job Satisfaction in a Public Tourism Organization: The Case of Greek Ministry of Tourism. In Culture and Tourism in a Smart, Globalized, and Sustainable World (pp. 403–416). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72469-6_27Park, J., Tse, S., Mi, S. D. B., y Song, H. (2022). A Model for Cross-border Tourism Governance in the Greater Bay Area. In Journal of China Tourism Research (pp. 1–25). https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2022.2036664Parker, A., y Tritter, J. (2006). Focus group method and methodology: current practice and recent debate. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 29(1), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/01406720500537304Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia -PNNC (2013). ABC del Sistema Nacional de áreas Protegidas SINAP. Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. Recuperado de: https://storage. googleapis. com/pnn-web/uploads/2013/08/abc-del-Sistema-Nacional-de-% C3% 81reas-Protegidas-SINAP. pdf.Parques Naturales Nacionales de Colombia. (2013). Guía Para la Planificación del Ecoturismo en Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. https://www.academia.edu/download/57290376/guia_planificacion_ecoturismo_pnn.pdfPartelow, S. (2018). A review of the social-ecological systems framework. Ecology and Society, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10594-230436Pechlaner, H., Bachinger, M., Volgger, M., y Anzengruber-Fischer, E. (2014). Cooperative core competencies in tourism: Combining resource-based and relational approaches in destination governance. In European Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 8, pp. 5–19). https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v8i.148Peters, B. G., Guy Peters, B., y Pierre, J. (2006). Governance, Government and the State. In The State (pp. 209–222). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80227-8_12Petersen, L., y Smith, K. A. (2022). The future of the New Zealand tourism workforce in 2035. In Tourism Management Perspectives (Vol. 41, p. 100927). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100927Peterson, G., Allen, C. R., y Holling, C. S. (1998). Original Articles: Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale. In Ecosystems (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 6–18). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900002Peterson, G., Allen, C. R., y Holling, C. S. (1998). Original Articles: Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale. In Ecosystems (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 6–18). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900002Pham, L. D. Q., Coles, T., Ritchie, B. W., y Wang, J. (2021). Building business resilience to external shocks: Conceptualising the role of social networks to small tourism & hospitality businesses. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 48, pp. 210–219). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.012Pham. (2018). Qualitative approach to research a review of advantages and disadvantages of three paradigms: Positivism, interpretivism and critical inquiry. University of Adelaide. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lan-Pham-3/publication/324486854_A_Review_of_key_paradigms_positivism_interpretivism_and_critical_inquiry/links/5acffa880f7e9b18965cd52f/A-Review-of-key-paradigms-positivism-interpretivism-and-critical-inquiry.pdfPole, L., Turiba University, Grizane, T., y Turiba University. (2021). Tourism tax model for development of regions. In Research for Rural Development. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.034Polit, D. F., y Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004Ponce, P., Aguirre-Padilla, N., Oliveira, C., Álvarez-García, J., y de la Cruz del Río-Rama, M. (2020). The Spatial Externalities of Tourism Activities in Poverty Reduction. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 15, p. 6138). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156138Postma, A., Koens, K., Papp, B. (2020). Overtourism: Carrying capacity revisited. In The overtourism debate: NIMBY, nuisance, commodification (pp. 229-249). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-487-820201015Postma, A., y Yeoman, I. S. (2021). A systems perspective as a tool to understand disruption in travel and tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures, 7(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-04-2020-0052Preechawong, P., Shinawatra University, y Thailand. (2019). Marketing and managing destination identity for tourism promotion: the case of Koh Chang Marine National Park in Thailand. In Marketing and Management of Innovations (Vol. 2, pp. 160–172). https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.2-14Preez, E. A. du, du Preez, E. A., y Govender, L. K. (2021). Travelling to the Motherland: relating acculturation to diaspora tourism experiences. In Tourism in India (pp. 21–34). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003158783-3Presenza, A., y Cipollina, M. (2010). Analysing tourism stakeholders networks. In Tourism Review (Vol. 65, Issue 4, pp. 17–30). https://doi.org/10.1108/16605371011093845Provan, K. G., y Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of network governance: Structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of public administration research and theory, 18(2), 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum015Purnomo, A., Syahbuddin, I. H., y Glenn, P. (2021). Sustainable tourism issues in local communities in ijen-baluran. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 683, Issue 1, p. 012119). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/683/1/012119Qian, C., Sasaki, N., Jourdain, D., Kim, S. M., y Ganesh Shivakoti, P. (2017). Local livelihood under different governances of tourism development in China – A case study of Huangshan mountain area. In Tourism Management (Vol. 61, pp. 221–233). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.006Qian, L., Zheng, C., Wang, J., de los Ángeles Pérez Sánchez, M., López, E. P., y Li, H. (2022). Dark tourism destinations: the relationships between tourists’ on-site experience, destination image and behavioural intention. In Tourism Review (Vol. 77, Issue 2, pp. 607–621). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-08-2020-0360Quivy, R. (2005). Manual de investigación en Ciencias Sociales. México, D.F.: Limusa Noriega. (metodología de las ciencias sociales). https://www.fapyd.unr.edu.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/manual-de-investigacion-en-ciencias-sociales-quivy-campenhoudt.pdfRahman, M. S.-U.-, Simmons, D., Shone, M. C., y Ratna, N. N. (2021). Social and cultural capitals in tourism resource governance: the essential lenses for community focussed co-management. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–21). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1903016Raisio, H., Puustinen, A., y Vartiainen, P. (2018). The Concept of Wicked Problems. In The Management of Wicked Problems in Health and Social Care (pp. 3–20). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315102597-2Ramírez-Guerrero, G., García-Onetti, J., Chica-Ruiz, J. A., y Arcila-Garrido, M. (2021). Social appreciation for the improvement of tourism management of 20th-century heritage: a methodological proposal. In International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research (Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp. 522–546). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-10-2020-0230Ramkissoon, H. (2020). Perceived social impacts of tourism and quality-of-life: a new conceptual model. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–17). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1858091Ranabahu, N. (2020). “Wicked” solutions for “wicked” problems: Responsible innovations in social enterprises for sustainable development. In Journal of Management & Organization (Vol. 26, Issue 6, pp. 995–1013). https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2020.20Rangoni, B. (2019). Architecture and policy-making: comparing experimentalist and hierarchical governance in EU energy regulation. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(1), 63-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1385644Rashid, Y., Rashid, A., Warraich, M. A., Sabir, S. S., y Waseem, A. (2019). Case Study Method: A Step-by-Step Guide for Business Researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1609406919862424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919862424Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, S., Seyfi, S., Rather, R. A., y Hall, C. M. (2022). Investigating the mediating role of visitor satisfaction in the relationship between memorable tourism experiences and behavioral intentions in heritage tourism context. In Tourism Review (Vol. 77, Issue 2, pp. 687–709). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-02-2021-0086Rather, R. A. (2020). Customer experience and engagement in tourism destinations: the experiential marketing perspective. In Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing (Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 15–32). https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1686101Ratner, C. (2002). Subjectivity and Objectivity in Qualitative Methodology. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-3.3.829Reynaers, A.-M., y Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2015). Transparency in public-private partnerships: not so bad after all? In Public Administration (Vol. 93, Issue 3, pp. 609–626). https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12142Rhodes, R. A. (1997). Understanding governance: Policy networks, governance, reflexivity and accountability. Open University. https://books.google.com/books/about/Understanding_Governance.html?hl=&id=dJ4VAQAAIAAJRhodes, R. A. (2007). Understanding governance: Ten years on. Organization studies, 28(8), 1243-1264. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084060707Ribeiro, D., Machado, L. P., y Henriques, P. (2021). Qualitative Research in Tourism - Use of WebQDA in the C’s Tourist Destination Competitiveness Matrix. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (pp. 234–246). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70187-1_17Rispoli, M., y Tamma, M. (1995). Le risposte strategiche alla complessità: Le forme di offerta dei prodotti alberghieri. Torino: (Vol. 1). Ed Giappichelli.Ritchie, B. W., Burns, P. M., y Palmer, C. A. (2005). Tourism Research Methods: Integrating Theory with Practice. CABI. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=KHSBCwAAQBAJRitchie, J. R. B., y Crouch, G. I. (2003). The competitive (micro)environment: the destination and the tourism system. In The competitive destination: a sustainable tourism perspective (pp. 95–109). https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996646.0000Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., of Social Policy Jane Lewis, Nicholls, C. M., y Ormston, R. (2013). Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. SAGE. https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/58628_Ritchie__Qualitative_Research_Practice.pdfRitpanitchajchaval, N., Ashton, A. S., y Apollo, M. (2023). Eudaimonic well-being development: Motives driving mountain-based adventure tourism. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100607Rittel, H. W. J., y Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. In Policy Sciences (Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 155–169). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01405730Rivera, Y. L., y Echeverri-Rubio, A. (2020). Turismo y Paz: una estrategia de desarrollo local sostenible en el Municipio de Florencia, Caquetá. NOVUM, 1(10), 42–60. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/novum/article/view/79790Rizvi, A. J., y Khalid, A. (2017.). Policy Learning and Policy Change: Theorizing Their Relations from Different Perspectives in Pakistan. In SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2987654Robins, G. (2015). Doing Social Network Research: Network-based Research Design for Social Scientists. SAGE. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GsKICwAAQBAJRocca, L. H. D., y Zielinski, S. (2022). Community-based tourism, social capital, and governance of post-conflict rural tourism destinations: the case of Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Tourism management perspectives, 43, 100985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100985Romão, J. (2019). Long-term economic impacts of tourism. In The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Impacts (pp. 143–154). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351025102-12Romm, N. R. (1998). Interdisciplinary practice as reflexivity. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 11, 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022964905762Rosenberg, S. W. (2007). Rethinking democratic deliberation: The limits and potential of citizen participation. Polity, 39(3), 335-360. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4500280Rowley, J. (2002). Using case studies in research. Management Research News, 25(1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170210782990Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R., y Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2020a). Framework for creating sustainable tourism using systems thinking. In Current Issues in Tourism (Vol. 23, Issue 3, pp. 280–296). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1534805Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R., y Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2020b). Mapping stakeholders’ roles in governing sustainable tourism destinations. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 45, pp. 387–398). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.09.005Ruhanen, L., Saito, N., y Axelsen, M. (2021). Knowledge co-creation: The role of tourism consultants. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 87, p. 103148). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103148Rylance, A., y Spenceley, A. (2017). Reducing economic leakages from tourism: A value chain assessment of the tourism industry in Kasane, Botswana. In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 34, Issue 3, pp. 295–313). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2017.1308855Sacramento, O., Dominguez, C., Rodrigues, V., y Bernardo, E. (2020). Tourism governance through the eyes of local stakeholders: experiences and new possibilities in the Douro region (Portugal). In International Journal of Tourism Policy (Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 221). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtp.2020.111287Saito, H., y Ruhanen, L. (2017). Power in tourism stakeholder collaborations: Power types and power holders. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.01.001Sakellari, M., y Skanavis, C. (2013). Sustainable tourism development: environmental education as a tool to fill the gap between theory and practice. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 12(4), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESD.2013.056316Sakshi, Shashi, Cerchione, R., y Bansal, H. (2020). Measuring the impact of sustainability policy and practices in tourism and hospitality industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1109-1126. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2420Sammy, J. (2008). Examples of effective techniques for enhancing community understanding of tourism. In Building community capacity for tourism development (pp. 75–85). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845934477.0075Sánchez, C. I., y Jaramillo‐Hurtado, M. E. (2010). Policies for enhancing sustainability and competitiveness in tourism in Colombia. In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 153–162). https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211011037840Sánchez, G. P., Mariño Jiménez, J. P., y Santiesteban, M. L. (2020). The Structure of Governance of Tourist Activity in Colombia. Evaluation from a Network Science Perspective. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (REIS), 171(171), 85-128. http://dx.doi. org/10.5477/cis/reis.171.85Sánchez, M. M., y Menchero-Sánchez, M. (2018). Colombia en posconflicto: ¿turismo para la paz o paz para el turismo? In Araucaria (Issue 39, pp. 415–438). https://doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2018.i39.20Sanders Thompson, V. L., Ackermann, N., Bauer, K. L., Bowen, D. J., y Goodman, M. S. (2021). Strategies of community engagement in research: definitions and classifications. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(2), 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa042Sands, R. G., Bourjolly, J., y Roer-Strier, D. (2007). Crossing cultural barriers in research interviewing. Qualitative Social Work, 6(3), 353-372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325007080406Sato. (2016). Generalization is everything, or is it? Effectiveness of case study research for theory construction. Annals of Business Administrative Science. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/abas/15/1/15_0151203a/_article/-char/ja/Saunders, M., Lewis, P., y Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. Pearson education. https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/9987/Business%20Research%20Methods.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=ySbragia, A. M. (2000). Governance, the state, and the market: what is going on?. Governance, 13(2), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00132Scheyvens, R., y Cheer, J. M. (2021). Tourism, the SDGs and partnerships. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–11). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1982953Scheyvens, R., y Russell, M. (2012). Tourism and poverty alleviation in Fiji: comparing the impacts of small- and large-scale tourism enterprises. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 417–436). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.629049Schianetz, K., y Kavanagh, L. (2008). Sustainability indicators for tourism destinations: A complex adaptive systems approach using systemic indicator systems. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(6), 601-628. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802159651Scholtz, M., y Slabbert, E. (2018). A remodelled approach to measuring the social impact of tourism in a developing country. In Development Southern Africa (Vol. 35, Issue 6, pp. 743–759). https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2018.1461609Seawright, J., y Gerring, J. (2008). Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077Sedarati, P., Santos, S., y Pintassilgo, P. (2019). System Dynamics in Tourism Planning and Development. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 16, Issue 3, pp. 256–280). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2018.1436586Sekher, M., Parasuraman, S., y Kattumuri, R. (2018). Understanding Governance as a Process. In Governance and Governed (pp. 15–24). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5963-6_2Selen, W., y Ogulin, R. (2015). Strategic Alignment across a Tourism Business Ecosystem. In Athens Journal of Tourism (Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 167–178). https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.2-3-3Senbeto, D. L. (2022). One stone, two birds: harnessing interfaith tourism for peacebuilding and socio-economic development. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 30, Issues 2-3, pp. 550–564). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1901907Seok, H., Barnett, G. A., y Nam, Y. (2021). A social network analysis of international tourism flow. In Quality & Quantity (Vol. 55, Issue 2, pp. 419–439). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01011-8Serrat, O. (2017). Building networks of practice. Knowledge Solutions: Tools, Methods, and Approaches to Drive Organizational Performance, 859-864. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_95Shang, Q., Li, M., y Wang, H. (2021). Environment Governance, Sustainable Livelihood and Indigenous Knowledge in Ethnic Tourism Villages of China. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 272, p. 01027). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201027Shang, Y., Bi, C., Wei, X., Jiang, D., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., y Rasoulinezhad, E. (2023). Eco-tourism, climate change, and environmental policies: empirical evidence from developing economies. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01777-wSharma, M., Mohapatra, G., y Giri, A. K. (2020). Beyond Growth: Does Tourism Promote Human Development in India? Evidence from Time Series Analysis. In The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (Vol. 7, Issue 12, pp. 693–702). https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.693Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667346Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667346Sharpley, R. (2009). Tourism Development and the Environment: Beyond Sustainability? London, Routledge. eBook ISBN9781849770255. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770255Sharpley, R. (2022). Sustainable tourism governance: local or global? In Tourism Recreation Research (pp. 1–4). https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2040295Shekari, F., Ziaee, M., Faghihi, A., y Jomehpour, M. (2022). Nomadic livelihood resilience through tourism. In Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights (Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 100034). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2022.100034Sheldon, P. J. (2020). Designing tourism experiences for inner transformation. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 102935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102935Shone, M. C., Simmons, D. G., y Dalziel, P. (2016). Evolving roles for local government in tourism development: a political economy perspective. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 24, Issue 12, pp. 1674–1690). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1184672Siakwah, P., Musavengane, R., y Leonard, L. (2020). Tourism Governance and Attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. In Sustainable Tourism Policy and Planning in Africa (pp. 146–174). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003038832-9Siakwah, P., y Musavengane, R. (2021). Re-Imagining Community-Based Tourism in Rural Africa Through Networks and Management Innovation. In Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management (pp. 227–244). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70171-0_14Sinclair-Maragh, G., y Gursoy, D. (2015). Imperialism and tourism: The case of developing island countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 50, 143-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.12.001Singh, M., y Davidson, W. N., III. (2003). Agency costs, ownership structure and corporate governance mechanisms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(5), 793–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00260-6Singh, M., y Davidson, W. N., III. (2003). Agency costs, ownership structure and corporate governance mechanisms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(5), 793–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00260-6Skare, M., Gavurova, B., y Polishchuk, V. (2023) A large‐scale decision‐making model for the expediency of funding the development of tourism infrastructure in regions. Expert Systems, e13443. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.13443Smith, D. (2003). Five principles for research ethics. Monitor on psychology, 34(1), 56. https://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~koehl/Teaching/ECS188_F19/Reprints/Research_ethics.pdfSmyth, P. (2008). Collaborative governance: the community sector and collaborative network governance. In Collaborative Governance. https://doi.org/10.22459/cg.12.2008.06Sokhanvar, A., y Jenkins, G. P. (2022). Impact of foreign direct investment and international tourism on long-run economic growth of Estonia. In Journal of Economic Studies (Vol. 49, Issue 2, pp. 364–378). https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2020-0543Sommer, C. (2021). Powerful ways of (not) knowing New Urban Tourism conflicts. In The Power of New Urban Tourism (pp. 161–172). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003093923-13Song, H., Dwyer, L., Li, G., y Cao, Z. (2012). Tourism economics research: A review and assessment. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 39, Issue 3, pp. 1653–1682). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.05.023Song, H., Liu, J., y Chen, G. (2013). Tourism value chain governance: Review and prospects. Journal of travel research, 52(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512457264Spagnoli, L., y Mundula, L. (2021). Between Urban and Rural: Is Agricultural Parks a Governance Tool for Developing Tourism in the Periurban Areas? Reflections on Two Italian Cases. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 14, p. 8108). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13148108Spilanis, I., y Vayanni, H. (2004). Sustainable Tourism: Utopia or Necessity? The Role of New Forms of Tourism in the Aegean Islands. In Coastal Mass Tourism (pp. 269–291). https://doi.org/10.21832/9781873150702-015Stake, R. 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.Stake, R. 2006. Multiple Case Study Analysis. Guilford Press, New York.Staller, K. M. (2021). Big enough? Sampling in qualitative inquiry. Qualitative Social Work, 20(4), 897–904. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250211024516Stewart, J. (2012). Multiple-case study methods in governance-related research. Public Management Review, 14(1), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2011.589618Strickland-Munro, J., y Moore, S. (2014). Exploring the impacts of protected area tourism on local communities using a resilience approach. In Koedoe (Vol. 56, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i2.1161Stronza, A. (2008). Through a New Mirror: Reflections on Tourism and Identity in the Amazon. In Human Organization (Vol. 67, Issue 3, pp. 244–257). https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.67.3.a556044720353823Stronza, A., y Hunt, C. (2012). Visions of Tourism: From Modernization to Sustainability. In Practicing Anthropology (Vol. 34, Issue 3, pp. 19–22). https://doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.3.0203vv87563xt730Subdirección de Gestión y Manejo de Áreas Protegidas. (2011). Decreto Ley 3572 del 27 de septiembre de 2011. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma_pdf.php?i=65329Surmeier, A. (2020). Dynamic capability building and social upgrading in tourism-Potentials and limits of sustainability standards. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(10), 1498-1518. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1744615Sussman, L., Adams, A. J., Kuzmits, F. E., y Raho, L. E. (2002). Organizational politics: Tactics, channels, and hierarchical roles. Journal of Business ethics, 40, 313-329. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020807700478Sweet, T. (2018). Social Network Analysis. In The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences (pp. 434–444). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315755649-32Tanguay, G. A., Rajaonson, J., y Therrien, M.-C. (2013). Sustainable tourism indicators: selection criteria for policy implementation and scientific recognition. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 21, Issue 6, pp. 862–879). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.742531Tasnim, Z., Shareef, M. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Kumar, U., Kumar, V., Tegwen Malik, F., y Raman, R. (2022). Tourism sustainability during COVID-19: developing value chain resilience. In Operations Management Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-021-00250-8Thoene, U., y Hoyos, A. T. (2019). Trust, business, and society in a post-conflict scenario - the case of managing workplace practices in Colombia. In International Journal of Business and Globalisation (Vol. 23, Issue 2, p. 232). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2019.102465Thomsen, C. (2013). Sustainability (World Commission on Environment and Development Definition). In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 2358–2363). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_531Timur, S., y Getz, D. (2008). A Network Perspective on Managing Actors for Sustainable Urban Tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20, 445-461. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110810873543Tkalec, M., y Vizek, M. (2016). The Price Tag of Tourism: Does Tourism Activity Increase the Prices of Goods and Services? In Tourism Economics (Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 93–109). https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0415Tolkach, D., y King, B. (2015). Strengthening Community-Based Tourism in a new resource-based island nation: Why and how?. Tourism Management, 48, 386-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.013Toth, E., Bragalli, C., y Neri, M. (2018). Assessing the significance of tourism and climate on residential water demand: Panel-data analysis and non-linear modelling of monthly water consumptions. In Environmental Modelling & Software (Vol. 103, pp. 52–61). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.01.011Tovmasyan, G. (2021). Capital investments, tourist tax and tourism development: The case study of Armenia. In Economics & Sociology (Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 199–213). https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-1/13Trosper, R. L. (2003). Resilience in Pre-contact Pacific Northwest Social Ecological Systems. In Conservation Ecology (Vol. 7, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-00551-070306Tsaur, S.-H., Lin, Y.-C., y Lin, J.-H. (2006). Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated perspective of resource, community and tourism. Tourism Management, 27(4), 640–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.006Tu, J., Luo, S., Yang, Y., Qin, P., Qi, P., y Li, Q. (2021). Spatiotemporal Evolution and the Influencing Factors of Tourism-Based Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 7, p. 4008). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074008Tuan, L. T. (2022). Tourism employee ambidexterity: The roles of servant leadership, job crafting, and perspective taking. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 51, pp. 53–66). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.02.019Tuohino, A., y Konu, H. (2014). Local stakeholders’ views about destination management: who are leading tourism development? In Tourism Review (Vol. 69, Issue 3, pp. 202–215). https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2013-0033Tuvendal, M., y Elmqvist, T. (2012). Response strategy assessment: a tool for evaluating resilience for the management of social–ecological systems. In Resilience and the Cultural Landscape (pp. 224–241). https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139107778.017Udiyana, I. B. G., Suastama, I. B. R., Astini, N. N. S., Mahanavami, G. A., Karwini, N. K., y Maretta, Y. A. (2018). Innovation Strategy the Development of Competitifeness of Eco-Based Coastal Tourism Destination, Management Organization and Quality of Services. In Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism (Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 851). https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.4(28).19Uğur, L. (2018). Integrated destination governance. In Destination Resilience (pp. 88–97). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701904-7Umurzakov, U., Tosheva, S., y Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries. In Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00872-0UNWTO (2017). Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284419401UNWTO (2022). Panorama OMT del turismo internacional, Edición 2016. https://www.unwto.org/es/omt-dashboard-datos-turisticosUNWTO. (2019). EU Guidebook on Sustainable Tourism for Development. https://www.unwto.org/es/EU-guidebook-on-sustainable-tourism-for-developmentVega-Muñoz, A., Salazar-Sepúlveda, G., Contreras-Barraza, N., y Araya-Silva, L. (2021). Port Governance and Cruise Tourism. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 9, p. 4877). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094877Vieira-Salazar, J.A.., Echeverri-Rubio, A., y Mejía-Franco, N. (2021). Efectos socio-espaciales del turismo en procesos de gentrificación: análisis bibliométrico y de literatura. In Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (Vol. 26, Issue 5 Edición Especial, pp. 540–562). https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.26.e5.35Vignieri, V. (2019). Destination Governance at Stake: Fostering Policy Coordination Among Decision-Makers of a Small Town. In Tourism Planning & Development (Vol. 16, Issue 5, pp. 556–574). https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2018.1537001Volgger, M., y Pechlaner, H. (2014). Requirements for destination management organizations in destination governance: Understanding DMO success. Tourism Management, 41, 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.09.001Volgy, T. J., y Gordell, K. M. (2019). Rising powers, status competition, and global governance: a closer look at three contested concepts for analyzing status dynamics in international politics. In Contemporary Politics (Vol. 25, Issue 5, pp. 512–531). https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2019.1621719Vujičić, M. D., Kennell, J., Morrison, A., Filimonau, V., Papuga, I. Š., Stankov, U., y Vasiljević, D. A. (2020). Fuzzy Modelling of Tourist Motivation: An Age-Related Model for Sustainable, Multi-Attraction, Urban Destinations. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 20, p. 8698). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208698Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., y Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework. In Tourism Management (Vol. 36, pp. 342–353). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.008Walker, B., Carpenter, S. R., Anderies, J. M., Abel, N., Cumming, G., Janssen, M. A., Lebel, L., Norberg, J., Peterson, G. D., y Pritchard, R. (2002). Resilience Management in Social-ecological Systems: a Working Hypothesis for a Participatory Approach. In Conservation Ecology (Vol. 6, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-00356-060114Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., y Kinzig, A. P. (2004). Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems. In Ecology and Society (Vol. 9, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-00650-090205Walmsley, A. (2016). Youth Employment in Tourism and Hospitality: A Critical Review. Goodfellow Publishers Limited. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=WqWSrgEACAAJWan, Y. K. P., Li, X., Lau, V. M.-C., y Dioko, L. (don). (2022). Destination governance in times of crisis and the role of public-private partnerships in tourism recovery from Covid-19: The case of Macao. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (Vol. 51, pp. 218–228). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.03.012Wang, C.-M., y Wu, T.-P. (2022). Does tourism promote or reduce environmental pollution? Evidence from major tourist arrival countries. In Environment, Development and Sustainability (Vol. 24, Issue 3, pp. 3334–3355). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01568-wWang, H., Zhang, B., y Qiu, H. (2022). How a hierarchical governance structure influences cultural heritage destination sustainability: A context of red tourism in China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.02.002Wang, X., y Cai, P. (2021). The relationship between tourism development and multidimensional poverty reduction: A decoupling analysis. In Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01233-4Wasserman, S., Faust, K., y Stanley. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_Network_Analysis.html?hl=&id=CAm2DpIqRUICWatts, D. y Strogatz, S. (1998). Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks. Nature 393, 440–442. https://doi.org/10.1038/30918Wegner, D., Teixeira, E. K., y Verschoore, J. R. (2019). “Modes of Network Governance”: What Advances Have Been Made So Far? In Base - Revista de Administração e Contabilidade da Unisinos (Vol. 16, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.4013/base.2019.161.01Weis, K., Chambers, C., y Holladay, P. J. (2022). Social-ecological resilience and community-based tourism in the commonwealth of Dominica. In Island Tourism Sustainability and Resiliency (pp. 97-117). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2021.1878267Wided, R. (2022). Achieving sustainable tourism with dynamic capabilities and resilience factors: A post disaster perspective case of the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia. In Cogent Social Sciences (Vol. 8, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2060539Wohlstetter, P., Smith, J., y Malloy, C. L. (2005). Strategic Alliances in Action: Toward a Theory of Evolution. In Policy Studies Journal (Vol. 33, Issue 3, pp. 419–442). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00123.xWong, E. P. Y., Mistilis, N., y Dwyer, L. (2011). A framework for analyzing intergovernmental collaboration – The case of ASEAN tourism. In Tourism Management (Vol. 32, Issue 2, pp. 367–376). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.006Woosnam, K. M., y Ribeiro, M. A. (2022). Methodological and theoretical advancements in social impacts of tourism research. In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (pp. 1–17). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2046011Wttc. (2022). World travel & tourism council: Travel & tourism. Global economic impact 2023. https://wttc.org/research/economic-impactWu, H., Tao, J., y Xiao, B. (2020). Towards a stable and truthful incentive mechanism for task delegation in hierarchical crowdsensing. In ICC 2020-2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9148713Wu, J. S., Barbrook-Johnson, P., y Font, X. (2021). Participatory complexity in tourism policy: Understanding sustainability programmes with participatory systems mapping. In Annals of Tourism Research (Vol. 90, p. 103269). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103269Wu, X., y Liang, X. (2023). Tourism development level and tourism eco‐efficiency: Exploring the role of environmental regulations in sustainable development. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2555Wu, Z., Lai, I. K. W., y Tang, H. (2021). Evaluating the Sustainability Issues in Tourism Development: An Adverse-Impact and Serious-Level Analysis. In SAGE Open (Vol. 11, Issue 4, p. 215824402110503). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211050384Xiao, H., y Smith, S. L. J. (2006). Case studies in tourism research: A state-of-the-art analysis. Tourism Management, 27(5), 738–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.11.002Xiao, X., Ren, P., y Zhu, H. (2013). Research of tourism supply chain’s benefits distribution problem based on cooperative game theory. In Information Science and Management Engineering. https://doi.org/10.2495/isme132853Xiong, C., Khan, A., Bibi, S., Hayat, H., y Jiang, S. (2022). Tourism subindustry level environmental impacts in the US. In Current Issues in Tourism (pp. 1–19). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2043835Xu, H., You, X., y Liu, Y. (2019). Tourists’ socially responsible consumption: Concept and scale development. In Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal (Vol. 47, Issue 11, pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8553Xu, S., y Hu, Y. (2021). How do residents respond to negative environmental impacts from tourism? The role of community participation in empowering residents’ environmentally responsible behavior. In International Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 23, Issue 6, pp. 1099–1111). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2471Yang, C., Lin, Z., Huang, J., y Cheng, T. (2021). A Dynamic Tax Model Based on Destination Lifecycle for Sustainable Tourism Development. In Journal of Travel Research (p. 004728752110575). https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211057596Yang, E., Kim, J., y Hwang, C. S. (2022). The spatial moderating effect of environmental pollution on the relationship between tourism and community resilience. In Tourism Management (Vol. 93, p. 104554). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104554Yasarata, M., Altinay, L., Burns, P., y Okumus, F. (2010). Politics and sustainable tourism development – Can they co-exist? Voices from North Cyprus. In Tourism Management (Vol. 31, Issue 3, pp. 345–356). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.016Yeboah, T. (2021). Dynamics of ecotourism benefits distribution. Tourism Planning & Development, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1876161Yee, W. H., y Liu, P. (2021). Governance capacity and regulatory enforcement: street-level organizations in Beijing’s food safety reform. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 87(2), 256-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852321992110Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation practice, 15(3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/109821409401500309Yin, R. K. (2004). The Case Study Anthology. SAGE. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=cVcWlg-4NCcCYin, R. K. (2013). Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations. Evaluation, 19(3), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389013497081Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. London, UK: Sage.Yin, R. K. (2015). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish, Second Edition. Guilford Publications. https://books.google.com/books/about/Qualitative_Research_from_Start_to_Finis.html?hl=&id=_XP3CQAAQBAJYiu, C.-Y., y Cheung, K.-S. (2021). Urban Zoning for Sustainable Tourism: A Continuum of Accommodation to Enhance City Resilience. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 13, p. 7317). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137317Young, J. (2005). On insiders (emic) and outsiders (etic): Views of self, and othering. Systemic practice and action research, 18, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-005-4155-8Ysa, T. (2007). Governance Forms in Urban Public-Private Partnerships. In International Public Management Journal (Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 35–57). https://doi.org/10.1080/10967490601185724Yüksel, A., Yüksel, F., y Culha, O. (2012). Ministers’ statements: a policy implementation instrument for sustainable tourism? In Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 513–532). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.617823Yusuf, M., Bafadhal, F., Effendi, G. N., Saadah, M., y Yuskha, M. (2022). Identifying the Causes of Tourism Conflict Development. In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220302.027Zaitul, Novianti, N., y Ilona, D. (2022). Tourism governance: village-based tourism criteria in Indonesia. In GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites (Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 415–421). https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.41211-845Żak, A. (2015). Triple bottom line concept in theory and practice. Social Responsibility of Organizations Directions of Changes, 387(1), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2015.387.21Zee, E. van der, van der Zee, E., Gerrets, A.-M., y Vanneste, D. (2017). Complexity in the governance of tourism networks: Balancing between external pressure and internal expectations. In Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 296–308). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.07.003Zhang, J., y Xiang, G. (2021). Revisiting the Relationship Between Tourism and Crime Based on a Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model. In Crime & Delinquency (p. 001112872110647). https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287211064790Zhongyuan, Y., Bo, L., y Xinshi, Z. (2019). The concept and classification of tourism land from a social ecological system perspective. En Acta Ecologica Sinica (Vol. 39, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201712252319Zhu, S., y He, C. (2016). Global and local governance, industrial and geographical dynamics: A tale of two clusters. In Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy (Vol. 34, Issue 8, pp. 1453–1473). https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774x15621760Zotic, V., Alexandru, D.-E., y Dezsi, Ş. (2014). Debate on tourism in postmodernism and beyond. In Turisticko poslovanje (Issue 13, pp. 79–93). https://doi.org/10.5937/turpos1413079zZumba-Zuniga, M.-F., Toledo-Macas, R.-K., y Martinez-Fernandez, V.-A. (2021). Management of innovation and social networks in tourism companies: Descriptive theoretical approach of its adoption and use. In 2021 16th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). https://doi.org/10.23919/cisti52073.2021.9476458AdministradoresEstudiantesGrupos comunitariosInvestigadoresMedios de comunicaciónPúblico generalResponsables políticosORIGINAL75088926.2024.pdf75088926.2024.pdfTesis de Doctorado en Administraciónapplication/pdf6186245https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85973/2/75088926.2024.pdf97d15fbd703221cdcedd07f99ed6cf83MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85973/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53THUMBNAIL75088926.2024.pdf.jpg75088926.2024.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5461https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85973/4/75088926.2024.pdf.jpg7ce10280dd371808a2825841da5c5d18MD54unal/85973oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/859732024-08-23 23:12:13.936Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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 |