Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida

Ilustraciones

Autores:: Ortiz López, Juan José

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Repositorio:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Characterization of the phytochemical nature and allelopathic activity of natural extracts of the Colombian Andean oak Quercus humboldtii as a potential bioherbicide
title	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida
spellingShingle	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida 570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímica Roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) Extractos vegetales Alelopatía Bioherbicida Quercus humboldtii Friedelina Triterpenos Allelopathy Bioherbicide Quercus humboldtii Friedelin Ttriterpenes
title_short	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida
title_full	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida
title_fullStr	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida
title_full_unstemmed	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida
title_sort	Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Ortiz López, Juan José
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Lobo Echeverri, Tatiana
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Ortiz López, Juan José
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv	Química de Los Productos Naturales y Los Alimentos
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv	Ortiz López, Juan José [0000-0001-6316-633X]
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv	570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímica
topic	570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímica Roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) Extractos vegetales Alelopatía Bioherbicida Quercus humboldtii Friedelina Triterpenos Allelopathy Bioherbicide Quercus humboldtii Friedelin Ttriterpenes
dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv	Roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae)
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv	Extractos vegetales
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Alelopatía Bioherbicida Quercus humboldtii Friedelina Triterpenos
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Allelopathy Bioherbicide Quercus humboldtii Friedelin Ttriterpenes
description	Ilustraciones
publishDate	2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2024-01-31T15:04:48Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2024-01-31T15:04:48Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85554
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85554 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv	LaReferencia
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spelling	Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Lobo Echeverri, Tatianabbe8166454bffe1c671e77058382d29cOrtiz López, Juan José93138c59225eb51d8086a2929ede5f0dQuímica de Los Productos Naturales y Los AlimentosOrtiz López, Juan José [0000-0001-6316-633X]2024-01-31T15:04:48Z2024-01-31T15:04:48Z2023https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85554Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/IlustracionesEn las últimas décadas el ser humano ha visto la necesidad de mantener un sistema productivo agropecuario en constante crecimiento debido a una población que ya supera los 8000 millones de habitantes. Para este fin, desde la década de los setenta se han utilizado agroquímicos de síntesis, fundamentales para la fertilización de suelos y control de especies no deseadas en monocultivos. Sin embargo, se ha reportado una relación entre la utilización de dichos agentes químicos sintéticos y daños al medio ambiente junto a incidencias en enfermedades del ser humano. Este fenómeno sumado al hecho de que los agroquímicos de síntesis son derivados del petróleo y que para el año 2050 la humanidad espera desvincularse de su uso, plantea una necesidad de buscar alternativas innovadoras y de bajo impacto medio ambiental que permitan mantener un sistema agropecuario productivo y en crecimiento. Para ello, el aprovechamiento de especies con potenciales alelopáticos puede ser una alternativa viable tanto económica como biológicamente para los países megadiversos ya que pueden darles un valor agregado a sus especies reduciendo el impacto ambiental que generan los productos agroquímicos sintéticos. Con lo anteriormente dicho, el presente estudio evaluó el potencial fitotóxico de extractos etanólicos de las especies más abundantes colectadas en 11 parcelas de estudio establecidas en remanentes de bosques andinos en Antioquia, mediante pruebas de fitotoxicidad sobre semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa). De este estudio se seleccionaron los extractos provenientes del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) debido a su potencial promisorio afectando la germinación de semillas de lechuga (>80%) y la elongación de la radícula a una concentración de 500 mgL-1. Adicionalmente, al tener muestras de roble colectadas en dos sitios de colección a diferentes altitudes (Belmira y Anorí), se compararon ambos extractos en bioensayos adicionales y por medio de cromatografía liquida (HPLC), para determinar la posible incidencia de los factores ambientales en la actividad y composición del extracto de roble. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los bioensayos ni cambios sustanciales en el perfil cromatográfico de los extractos de roble con diferente origen, se seleccionó el extracto proveniente de la muestra colectada en el páramo de Belmira para proseguir el trabajo de laboratorio, por su tendencia a presentar mayores índices de fitotoxicidad y por su disponibilidad. De esta forma se determinó la concentración media inhibitoria (IC50) para dicho extracto etanólico en el ensayo de inhibición de germinación de semillas de lechuga, el cual fue de 198 mgL-1 mostrando potencial fitotóxico, afectando tanto la inhibición de la germinación como la elongación de radícula. En el fraccionamiento biodirigido inicialmente se obtuvieron 4 fracciones nombradas F1, F2, F3 y F4. Adicionalmente por precipitación se obtuvo un sólido blanco provenientes de la fracción F2 que se denominó, F2-P. Luego de la evaluación de la bioactividad de todas las fracciones, F2 y F3 presentaron el mejor resultado en las pruebas de inhibición de la germinación, pero no se mezclaron pues se observó que ambas fracciones presentaban perfiles químicos diferentes al compararlas por cromatografía de capa fina. La fracción F2 fue finalmente seleccionada para su caracterización por presentar mejor potencial inhibidor de la germinación a diferentes concentraciones y mayor afectación en la elongación de la radícula e hipocótilo de semillas de lechuga. Al fraccionar F2 se obtuvieron 23 fracciones finales, de los cuales las fracciones F2-P, F2-2, F2-3, F2-8, F2-9 y F2-10 fueron analizadas por cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS), detectándose mayoritariamente ácidos grasos, esteroides y triterpenos. Asimismo, se purificaron los compuestos mayoritarios provenientes de fracciones derivadas de F2 (F2-1, F2-4 y F2-6) y por medio de experimentos de resonancia magnética estructural (RMN) se elucidaron las estructuras del alcano Dodecano (C1) y del triterpeno Friedelina (C2) y el esteroide β-Sitosterol (C3). Se sugiere que la presencia de este triterpeno junto con otros y núcleos esteroidales, ácidos grasos e hidrocarburos detectados por GC-MS, tendrían incidencia en el potencial alelopático que presenta el roble andino colombiano sobre la inhibición de la germinación y la inhibición en la elongación de la radícula e hipocótilo de las semillas de lechuga. Estos resultados abren la posibilidad de plantear la estandarización de muestras derivadas del roble andino como potencial producto natural bioherbicida. (texto tomado de la fuente)In the last decades, human beings have seen the need to maintain a constant growing agricultural production system due to a population that already exceeds 8 billion inhabitants. To achieve this, since the 1970s, synthetic agrochemicals have been used, essentially for soil fertilization and in weed control. However, a link between the use of these synthetic chemical agents and damage to the environment together with incidences of human diseases, has been reported. This phenomenon, added to the fact that synthetic agrochemicals are derived from petroleum, and that by the year 2050 humanity expects to detach from their use, raises the need to seek innovative alternatives with low environmental impact that allow maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system. Thus, in megadiverse regions, the use of botanical species with allelopathic potential can be a viable alternative, both economically and biologically, since it adds value to the selected species and reduces the environmental impact generated by synthetic agrochemicals. With the previously mentioned, the present study evaluated the phytotoxic potential of ethanol-soluble extracts of the most abundant species collected in 11 study plots set in remnants of Andean forests in Antioquia, through phytotoxicity tests on lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa). Extracts from the Colombian Andean oak, Quercus humboldtii were selected for further work due to the promising inhibitory activity of lettuce seed germination XII Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida (>80%), and radicle and hypocotyl elongation at a concentration of 500 mgL-1 . In addition, having oak samples collected in two sites with differences in altitude (Belmira and Anori), comparisons were carried out by additional bioassays and by liquid chromatography (HPLC), to determine the possible incidence of environmental factors in the bioactivity and chemical composition. Even though neither significant differences were found in the bioactivity, nor major changes were evidenced in their chromatographic profile, the extract derived from the sample collected in the Belmira paramo was selected for further work, since it presented a slightly tendency to have better phytotoxicity index and was more available. In this way, the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at 198 mgL-1 evidencing a phytotoxic potential, affecting the seed germination and radicle elongation. In the bioassay-guided fractionation, 4 initial fractions were obtained, namely F1, F2, F3 and F4. Additionally, 1 white solid was precipitated from fraction F2, labelled as F2-P. After biological evaluation of all fractions, F2 and F3 evidenced the best results in the inhibition of seed germination. These two fractions were not pooled together since its chromatographic profile, followed by TLC (thin layer chromatography), was different. Finally, fraction F2 was selected for chemical characterization due to its better inhibitory potential inhibiting seed germination at different concentrations and a greater affectation in the radicle and hypocotyl elongation of the lettuce seedlings. After fractionating F2, 23 pooled fractions were obtained, from which F2-P, F2-2, F2-3, F2-8, F2-9 and F2-10 were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), detecting mainly fatty acids, steroids and triterpenes. Likewise, purification of major compounds was achieved from fractions derived from F2 (F2-1, F2-4 y F2-6), which were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments as an alcane Dodecane (C1), the triterpene Friedeline (C2) and the steroid β-Sitosterol (C3). The presence of this triterpene, along with others, and steroidal compounds, fatty acids and hidrocarbons detected through GC-MS, could support the allelopathic potential of the Colombian Andean oak in the inhibition of germination and radicle and hypocotyl elongation. These results open the possibility to formulate the standardization of samples derived from the Andean oak as a potential bioherbicidal product.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - QuímicaQuímica de los productos naturalesÁrea Curricular en Ciencias Naturales106 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - QuímicaFacultad de CienciasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín570 - Biología::572 - BioquímicaRoble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae)Extractos vegetalesAlelopatíaBioherbicidaQuercus humboldtiiFriedelinaTriterpenosAllelopathyBioherbicideQuercus humboldtiiFriedelinTtriterpenesCaracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicidaCharacterization of the phytochemical nature and allelopathic activity of natural extracts of the Colombian Andean oak Quercus humboldtii as a potential bioherbicideTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMLaReferenciaAbd-ElGawad, A., El Gendy, A. 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Evol. 2021, 9 (May), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.679638.Público generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85554/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1017243721.2023.pdf1017243721.2023.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaapplication/pdf3897610https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85554/3/1017243721.2023.pdf46a96c159aaa30a09505e94dc2b13ab7MD53THUMBNAIL1017243721.2023.pdf.jpg1017243721.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6000https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85554/4/1017243721.2023.pdf.jpgb6a8c99d5bc89e0d7da1c72d76cf3783MD54unal/85554oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/855542024-01-31 23:08:58.555Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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Caracterización de la naturaleza fitoquímica y actividad alelopática de extractos naturales del roble andino colombiano Quercus humboldtii como potencial bioherbicida

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