Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia
Gráficos
- Autores:
-
Cano Gallego, Lucas Esteban
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85672
- Palabra clave:
- 580 - Plantas::582 - Plantas destacadas por características vegetativas y flores
570 - Biología::571 - Fisiología y temas relacionados
Aguacate - calidad
Agricultura - Investigaciones
Cultivos alimenticios
Producción agropecuaria
Injertos (Agricultura)
Fruticultura
Persea americana Mill
Injerto
Grafting
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
| id |
UNACIONAL2_e8b2dbdd9d85e553f19d227821b16280 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85672 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
| network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Effect of rootstock/scion compatibility on the productive physiology of avocado trees CV. Hass in three environments in Colombia |
| title |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia 580 - Plantas::582 - Plantas destacadas por características vegetativas y flores 570 - Biología::571 - Fisiología y temas relacionados Aguacate - calidad Agricultura - Investigaciones Cultivos alimenticios Producción agropecuaria Injertos (Agricultura) Fruticultura Persea americana Mill Injerto Grafting |
| title_short |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia |
| title_full |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia |
| title_sort |
Efecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Cano Gallego, Lucas Esteban |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Córdoba Gaona, Oscar de Jesús |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Cano Gallego, Lucas Esteban |
| dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cano Gallego, Lucas Esteban [0000-0002-2819-9694] |
| dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000006723 |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
580 - Plantas::582 - Plantas destacadas por características vegetativas y flores 570 - Biología::571 - Fisiología y temas relacionados |
| topic |
580 - Plantas::582 - Plantas destacadas por características vegetativas y flores 570 - Biología::571 - Fisiología y temas relacionados Aguacate - calidad Agricultura - Investigaciones Cultivos alimenticios Producción agropecuaria Injertos (Agricultura) Fruticultura Persea americana Mill Injerto Grafting |
| dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv |
Aguacate - calidad Agricultura - Investigaciones Cultivos alimenticios Producción agropecuaria Injertos (Agricultura) Fruticultura |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Persea americana Mill Injerto |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Grafting |
| description |
Gráficos |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-15 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-09T14:28:37Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-09T14:28:37Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85672 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85672 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv |
LaReferencia |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agronet. 2020. Reporte: Área, producción y rendimiento nacional por cultivo. Agronet, MinAgricultura. En: https://www.agronet.gov.co/estadistica/Paginas/home.aspx?cod=1 Consultado: Junio 2022. Albacete A, Martínez C, Martinez A, Thompson A, Dodd I and Pérez F. 2015. Unravelling rootstock×scion interactions to improve food security. Journal of Experimental Botany. 66(8). 2211-2226. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv027 Alcaraz ML, Thorp TG and Hormaza JI. 2013. Phenological growth stages of avocado (Persea americana) according to the BBCH scale. Scientia Horticulturae, 164, 434-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.09.051 Aloni B, Karni L, Deventurero G, Levin Z, Cohen R, Katzir N and Kapulnik Y. 2008. Physiological and biochemical changes at the rootstock-scion interface in graft combinations between Cucurbita rootstocks and a melon scion. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83(6), 777-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512460 Álvarez-López H. 2020. Manual de injertación en frutales, contribución en fisiología vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Jaén. Disponible en: http://repositorio.unj.edu.pe/handle/UNJ/389 Aslam W, Noor RS, Hussain F, Ameen M, Ullah S and Chen H. 2020. Evaluating morphological growth, yield, and postharvest fruit quality of cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) grafted on cucurbitaceous rootstocks. Agriculture, 10(4), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040101 Baron D, Esteves A, Pina A, and Ferreira G. 2019. An overview of grafting re-establishment in woody fruit species, Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 243, Pages 84-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.012. Barrientos VA; Barrientos PA, Rodríguez P, Peña LA y Muñoz PR. 1999. Influencia del interinjerto cv. Colín V-33 sobre algunos aspectos fisiológicos en aguacatero (Persea americana Mill.). Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 5: 103-116. https://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=609 Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B and Walker S 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01. Bayram S and Seyla EPE. 2019. Determination of some physicochemical properties in fruits of some avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivars during the harvesting periods. Derim, 36(1), 1-12.https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2019.410329 Bello A, López PJA, Díaz VL and Tello J. 2001. Alternatives to methyl bromide for soil fumigation in Spain. In: Global report on validated alternatives to the use of methyl bromide for soil fumigation. Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Environmental Programme, Rome, Italy. 95 p. Belmonte ULJ, Garrido CJA and Camacho FF. 2020. Analysis of world research on grafting in horticultural plants. HortScience, 55(1), 112-120. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14533-19 Ben YA., Michelson E, Sela I. 1995. Rootstock effect on avocado vigor and productivity. Acta Hort. 349: 191-195. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.349.30 Bernal JA y Díaz CA. 2020. Capitulo I.- Generalidades del cultivo. pp 77-305. En: Bernal JA, y Díaz CA (eds.). Actualización y buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA) en el cultivo de aguacate. Segunda edición. Agrosavia. (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria – AGROSAVIA. Mosquera. 773 p. Bernal JA. 2008. Manual Técnico del cultivo de aguacate Hass (Persea americana L.). Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola. La Lima, Cortez, Honduras. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/654 Bernal JA. 2016. Estudios ecofisiológicos en aguacate cv. Hass en diferentes ambientes como alternativa productiva en Colombia. (Tesis de doctorado) Universidad Nacional de Colombia.296 p. Bielczynski L., Lącki MK., Hoefnagels I., Gambin A., and Croce, R. (2017). Leaf and plant age affects photosynthetic performance and photoprotective capacity. Plant Physiology, 175(4), 1634–1648. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00904 Blanke MM. 1991. Respiration of apple and avocado fruits. Postharvest News and Information, 2(6), 429-436. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Blanke/publication/341881382_Blanke_1991_Respiration_of_apple_and_avocado_fruit_-_invited_review_Postharvest_News_and_Information/links/606ead74299bf1c911b64ed2/Blanke-1991-Respiration-of-apple-and-avocado-fruit-invited-review-Postharvest-News-and-Information.pdf Carvalho C, Velásquez M and Rooyen Z. 2014 Determination of the minimum dry matter index for the optimum harvest of ‘Hass’ avocado fruits in Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 32(3), 399 – 406. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.46031 Choi KS, Om H, Parks DY, Lee S and Lee CH 1991 The interspecific hybrid Weonkio 601 as a rootstock for cucurbits. Res. Rep. of the office of Rural Development, Hort. and Sericiculture. 1980. Suwon 22. (Cited by Miguel et al., in Horticulture 66, 34–40). Cohen R, Pivonia S, Burger Y, Edelstein M, Gamliel A and Katan J. 2000. Toward integrated management of Monosporascus wilt of melons in Israel Plant Dis., 84, 496-505. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.5.496 Corelli-Grappadelli, L., Musacchi, S. and Magnanini E. 2001. Single leaf and whole canopy gas exchange of pear as affected by graft incompatibility. Acta Hort. 557:377–383. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.557.50 Cornejo TNY. 2019. Plan de instalación de palta Hass con patrones Topa Topa, Zutano y Moquecano (clonal) basado en árbol de decisiones, para la adaptabilidad y comportamiento en los primeros meses de desarrollo en el anexo de Huatiapilla-Valle de Majes, 2018. http://repositorio.unsa.edu.pe/handle/UNSA/8863. Cowan AK, Cripps RF, Richings EW and Taylor NJ. 2001. Fruit size: Towards an understanding of the metabolic control of fruit growth using avocado as a model system. Physiologia Plantarum, 111(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1110201.x CPA - Cadena Productiva de Aguacate. 2021. Composición y caracterización de la cadena. En: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Documentos/2021-03-31%20Cifras%20Sectoriales.pdf. Consultada: enero 2021 de Mendiburu F. 2021. Agricolae: Statistical procedures for agricultural research. R package (1.3-5). Universidad La Molina. 152 p. Díaz PM, Camacho FF, Diánez MF, De Cara GM and Tello MJC. 2009 Evaluation of alternatives to methyl bromide in melon crops in Guatemala. Microb. Ecol., 57, 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9460-1 Embleton TW, Matsumura M, Stolzy LH, Devitt DA and Jones WW. 1986. Citrus nitrogen fertilizer management groundwater pollution, soil salinity and nitrogen balance. Applied Agricultural Research,1(1), 57-64. Fallik E and Ziv C. 2020. How rootstock/scion combinations affect watermelon fruit quality after harvest? Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(8), 3275-3282. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10325 FAO. 2011. COMISIÓN DEL CODEX ALIMENTARIUS: Observaciones presentadas en respuesta al proyecto de norma para el aguacate (revisión de la Norma CODEX STAN 197-1995) por: Costa Rica, Jamaica, Kenia, Unión Europea, Nueva Zelanda y Estados Unidos de América. Disponible en https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/321/CXS_197s.pdf. Consultado: julio 2022. FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT Database, production statistics En: http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QC/visualize. Consultado: junio 2022. Ferree DC, Cahoon GA, Ellis MA, Scurlock DM. and Johns GR. 1996. Influence of eight rootstock on the performance of ‘White Riesling’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ over five years. Fruit Var. Journal. 50(2), 124–130. Ferree DC. 1992. Ten-year summary of the performance of 9 rootstocks in the NC-140 trials. Compact Fruit Tree, 25, 5–11. Feucht W and Treutter D. 1991. Phenol gradients in opposing cells of Prunus heterografts. Adv. Hort., 5, 107–111. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42881595 Fredes A, Roselló S, Beltrán J, Cebolla CJ, Pérez-de-Castro A, Gisbert C and Picó MB. 2016. Fruit quality assessment of watermelons grafted onto citron melon rootstock. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(5), 1646–1655. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7915 Gazit A y Ish GA. 2007. Las abejas sin aguijón pueden servir como polinizadores eficientes del aguacate. En el 9º Simposio Internacional de Polinización sobre Relaciones Planta-Polinización-Diversidad en Acton: Programa y Resúmenes. Universidad Estatal de Iowa, Ames, IA. Ge Y, Dong X, Wu B, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Lin X and Ma W. 2019. Physiological, histological and molecular analysis of avocado mesocarp fatty acids during fruit development. J. Agric. Sci, 11(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p95 Goldschmidt EE. 2014. Plant grafting: new mechanisms, evolutionary implications. Front. Plant Sci., 5, 727. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00727 Gulen H, Arora R, Kuden A, Krebs SL and Postman J. 2002. Peroxidase isozyme profiles in compatible and incompatible pear-quince graft combinations. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 127(2), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.127.2.152 Gutiérrez CA, Arenas LC, Obando GM and Bello RY. 2021. Análisis del riesgo en la exportación del aguacate Hass para la compañía Hass Fruits de Colombia (Tesis de licienciatura), Especialización en Gerencia Procesos de Calidad e Innovación Virtual). Universidad EAN. Colombia. 52 p. Habibi F, Liu T, Folta K and Sarkhosh A. 2022. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees. Horticulture Research, 9. https://doi.org/10.1093/hortre/uhac032 Huitrón MV, Diaz M, Diánez F and Camacho F. 2007. The effect of various rootstocks on triploid watermelon yield and quality J. Food Agric. Environ., 5, 344-348. Jiang CZ and Rodermel SR. 1995. Regulation of photosynthesis during leaf development in RbcS antisense DNA mutants of tobacco. Plant Physiol 107, 215–224. https://doi.org/10.2307/4276292 Jiang CZ, Rodermel SR and Shibles RM. 1993. Photosynthesis, rubisco activity and amount, and their regulation by transcription in senescing soybean leaves. Plant Physiology 101, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/4274939 Kato T and Lou H. 1989. Effects of rootstock on the yield, mineral nutrition and hormone level in xylem sap in eggplant. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 58(2), 345-352. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.58.345 Kawaguchi M, Taji A, Backhouse D and Oda M. 2008. Anatomy and physiology of graft incompatibility in solanaceous plants. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83(5), 581-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427 Biotechnology, 83(5), 581-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427 King SR, Davis AR, Zhang X and Crosby K. 2010. Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstocks for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.001 Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB and Christensen RHB 2017. “lmerTest Package: Tests in linear mixed effects models.” Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss Kyriacou MC, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Zrenner R and Schwarz D. 2017. Vegetable Grafting: The Implications of a growing agronomic imperative for vegetable fruit quality and nutritive value. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00741 Lazare S, Haberman A, Yermiyahu U, Erel R, Simenski E and Dag A. 2020. Avocado rootstock influences scion leaf mineral content. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 66(10), 1399-1409. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1672163 Lee J.M.1994 Cultivation of grafted vegetables. I. Current status, grafting methods, and benefits HortScience 29 (4), 235-239. file:///D:/Biblioteca%20Lab%20Fisiologia/Downloads/[23279834%20-%20HortScience]%20Cultivation%20of%20Grafted%20Vegetables%20I.%20Current%20Status,%20Grafting%20Methods,%20and%20Benefits.pdf Lira GGO, Montaño YAR, Barrios P., Vargas-Sandoval M, Santos MEP, Raymundo T and Lara CM. 2020. Characterization of Fusarium spp., a phytopathogen of avocado (Persea americana Milr var. Drymifolia (Schltdl. and Cham.) in Michoacán, México. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo, 52(2), 301-316. Liu X, Robinson PW, Madore MA, Witney GW and Arpaia ML. 1999. Hass' avocado carbohydrate fluctuations. II. Fruit growth and ripening. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 124(6), 676-681. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.124.6.676 Lobell DB, Cahill K. and Field CB. 2007. Historical effects of temperature and precipitation on California crop yields. Climatic Change, 81(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9141-3 Long LE and Kaiser C. 2010 Sweet cherry rootstocks for the pacific northwest; OSU Extension Service: Eugene, OR, USA; 619, p. 8. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18464 Losciale P, Zibordi M, Manfrini L and Grappadelli LC. 2008. Effects of rootstock on pear photosynthetic efficiency. Acta Horticulturae, (800), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.800.28 Louvet, J. and Peyriere, J. 1962. Intérêt du greffage du melon sur Benincasacerifera, p. 167–171. XVI Congrès Internat. Hortic. Brussels, Belgium. Lyu J, He QY, Chen QW, Cheng RR, Li G, Otsuki K and Du S. 2022. Distinct transpiration characteristics of black locust plantations acclimated to semiarid and subhumid sites in the Loess Plateau, China. Agricultural Water Management, 262, 107402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107402 Makino A, Mae T and Ohira K. 1983 Photosynthesis and ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase in rice leaves: changes in photosynthesis and enzymes involved in carbon assimilation from leaf development through senescence. Plant Physiol 73: 1002–1007. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.73.4.1002 Márquez SM, Hernández LAN and Castrejón GVR. 2020. States of phenological development of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) based on the BBCH scale extended and its relationship to the incidence of anthracnose in field conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 271, 109379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109379 Martínez CMR, Molina MD and Forner GMÁ. 2022. Performance of two very early-seasClementines, ‘Clemenrubi’and ‘Orogros’ mandarins on three rootstocks in Spain: Yield and Quality Study. Agronomy, 12(5), 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051072 Martínez RG, Flores JIC, Jiménez AL, Barra JDE, Salazar JAC and Veloz CS 2021. Rendimiento, calidad y comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de aguacate ‘Hass’ de huertos con diferente fertilización. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 12(2), 205-218. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v12i2.2232 Martins V, Silva V, Pereira S, Afonso S, Oliveira I, Santos M and Gonçalves, B. 2021. Rootstock affects the fruit quality of ‘Early Bigi’ sweet cherries. Foods, 10(10), 2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102317 Marukawa S. 1979. Studies on varieties of Cucurbita spp. as rootstock for cucurbitaceous vegetables, with special reference to their grafting compatibility. Bulletin of Ibaraki ken Horticultural Experiment Station. (Japan). (Apr 1979). (no.5) p. 1-152. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=JP19800536233 Messiaen C, Blancard D, Rouxel F and Lafon F. 1991 Les maladies des plantes maraìchères. 3rd ed. Ed. INRA, Paris, France. Mickelbart MV, Robinson PW, Witney G and Arpaia ML. 2012. ‘Hass’ avocado tree growth on four rootstocks in California. II. Shoot and root growth. Scientia Horticulturae, 143, 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.06.021 Miller A, Schlagnhaufer C, Spalding M and Rodermel S. 2000. Carbohydrate regulation of leaf development: prolongation of leaf senescence in Rubisco antisense mutants of tobacco. Photosynth Res., 63, 1–8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006367719639 Miller A, Tsai CH, Hemphill D, Endres M, Rodermel S and Spalding M. 1997. Elevated CO2 effects during leaf ontogeny (a new perspective on acclimation). Plant Physiology 115, 1195–1200. https://doi.org/10.2307/4277999 Minvivienda - Ministerio de Vivienda. 2020. Mapa de Clasificación del Clima en Colombia según la Temperatura y la Humedad Relativa y Listado de Municipios. En: http://ismd.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Anexo-No-2-Mapa-de-Clasificaci%C3%B3n-del-Clima-en-Colombia.pdf. Consultado: Junio 2022. Mudge K, Janick J, Scofield S and Goldschmidt E. 2009. A history of grafting. Horticultural Reviews, Volume 35 Edited by Jules Janick, pp. 437 – 493. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470593776.ch9 Najt E, Arjona C, Ojer M, Reginato MG y Weibel A. 2011. Portainjertos y calidad de plantas. Repositorio académico. Universidad de Chile. En: https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/12 Consultado: Enero 2022. Nawaz MA, Imtiaz M, Kong Q, Cheng F, Ahmed W, Huang Y and Bie Z. 2016. Grafting: A technique to modify ion accumulation in horticultural crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. https://doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01457. Oka Y, Offenbach R, and Pivonia S. 2004. Pepper rootstock graft compatibility and response to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Journal of Nematology, 36(2), 137. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2620767/ Okimura M, Matsuo S, Arai K and Okitsu S. 1986. Influences of soil temperature on the growth of fruit vegetable grafted on different rootstocks. Bul. Natl. Res. Inst. Veg. Ornam. Plants Tea C9 43 58. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=JP880162888 Oliveros CE, López HA, Ramírez CA, Sanz JR y Bustillo AE. 2013. Recolección de frutos de café del suelo con la máquina Cifarelli V77S. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café (Cenicafé). https://biblioteca.cenicafe.org/handle/10778/369 Oster JD y Arpaia ML. 2007. Efectos de la salinidad y aplicación de agua sobre el rendimiento del palto Hass injertado sobre patrón Mexicola. Serie Actas Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. En: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14001/8547. Consultado: Febrero 2022. Ozdemir F and Topuz, A. 2004. Changes in dry matter, oil content and fatty acids composition of avocado during harvesting time and post-harvesting ripening period. Science Food Chemistry, 86, 73 – 79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.012 Palacios AJ. 1986. Dynamic and nutritional balance in avocado trees (Persea americana Mill) cv. Hass with high and low yields in the region of Uruapan, Michoacan. Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico. Centro de Fruticultura. 93 p. Pattemore DE, Buxton MN, Cutting BT, McBrydie HM, Goodwin RM and Dag A. 2018. Low overnight temperatures delay ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana) female flower opening, leading to nocturnal flowering. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 23, 127-135. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2018)12 Peña J, Wysoki M, Ripa R y Larral P. 2008. Plagas del palto en México. Manejo integrado de plagas en altos y cítricos. Colección Libros Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas, (23), 303-309. PF - Portal Frutícola. 2021. Exportaciones colombianas de aguacate casi se duplican hasta mayo. En: https://www.portalfruticola.com/noticias/2021/08/04/exportaciones-colombianas-de-aguacate-casi-se-duplican-hasta-mayo. Consultado: Agosto 2021. Pina A and Errea P. 2005. A review of new advances in mechanism of graft compatibility–incompatibility. Sci. Hortic. 106, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.04.003 Pina A. 2008. Compatibilidad de injerto en frutales. Investigación. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA). Surcos de Aragón. No. 107: 21-24. Procolombia. 2021. El mayor exportador de aguacate Hass colombiano crece más de 60% en sus ventas internacionales. En: https://procolombia.co/noticias/el-mayor-exportador-de-aguacate-hass-colombiano-crece-mas-de-60-en-sus-ventas-internacionales. Consultado: Julio 2021. R Core Team. 2021. A language and environment for statistical computing. In: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org Ramírez GJ, Cobos ME, Jiménez GD, Morales OJG and Peterson AT. 2019. Current and potential future distributions of Hass avocados in the face of climate change across the Americas. Crop and Pasture Science, 70(8), 694-708. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP19094 Ramírez GJ, Ramelli EG and Osorio JGM. 2017. Economic impact of the avocado (cv. Hass) wilt disease complex in Antioquia, Colombia, crops under different technological management levels. Crop Prot. 101, 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.07.023. Rasool A, Mansoor S, Bhat KM, Hassan GI, Baba TR, Alyemeni MN and Ahmad P. 2020. Mechanisms underlying graft union formation and rootstock scion interaction in horticultural plants. Front. Plant Sci, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.590847 Reig G, Salazar A, Zarrouk O, Forcada CF, Val J and Moreno MÁ. 2019. Long-term graft compatibility study of peach-almond hybrid and plum based rootstocks budded with European and Japanese plums. Scientia Horticulturae, 243, 392-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.038 Reig G, Zarrouk O, Font I Forcada C and Moreno MÁ. 2018 Anatomical graft compatibility study between apricot cultivars and different plum based rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae. 237, 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.035 Rendón-Anaya, M., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Méndez-Bravo, A., Lan, T., Zheng, C., Carretero-Paulet, L., ... & Herrera-Estrella, L. (2019). The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(34), 17081-17089. Ricárdez SM, Huitrón RM, Tello MJ and Camacho-Ferre F. 2010. Planting density for grafted melon as an alternative to methyl bromide use in Mexico Scientia Horticulturae. 126, 236-241 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.022 Rivero R, Ruiz J and Romero L. 2003. Role of grafting in horticultural plants under stress conditions. J. Food Agric. Environ., 1, 70-74. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rosa-Rivero-3/publication/236211274_Role_of_grafting_in_horticultural_plants_under_stress_condition/links/00b495170043787b85000000/Role-of-grafting-in-horticultural-plants-under-stress-condition.pdf Robinson R.Wand Decker-Walters DS. 1997 Cucurbits, CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Rodríguez P y Henao J. 2016. Maduración del aguacate (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) y calidad de los frutos. Agronomía Colombiana, 1(1), 914-917. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.sup.2016n1.58101 Rodriguez P, Henao JC, Correa G and Aristizabal A. 2018. Identification of harvest maturity indicators for ‘Hass’ avocado adaptable to field conditions. HortTechnology, 28(6), 815-821. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04025-18 Rouphael Y, Schwarz D, Krumbein A and Colla G. 2010. Impact of grafting on product quality of fruit vegetables. Sci. Hortic. 127, 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scienta.2010.09.001 Roy B and Basu AK. 2009. Abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants breeding and biotechnology. New India Publishing Agency, Pitam Pura, New Delhi. pp. 140-147. Salazar G.S. y Lazcano F.I. 2003. La fertilización en "sitio específico" incrementa los rendimientos y el tamaño de la fruta del aguacate en México. Actas del V Congreso Mundial del Aguacate. Granada–Málaga, España. 19 al 24 de octubre 2003. Vol. I: 373–377. http://avocadosource.com/WAC5/Papers/WAC5_p373.pdf Scherrer C, Dos-Santos L, Andreazza C, Getz B and Bender R. 2011. Mechanical damages increase respiratory rates of citrus fruit, International Journal of Fruit Science, 11:3, 256-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2011.608297r-de-aguacate-de-europa. Schroeder C and Frolich E. 1955. Avocado rootstock-scion studies: Compatibility between avocado and new rootstocks suitable to California is object of plant program. Calif. Agr, 9(2),11-12. DOI:10.3733/ca.v009n02p11 SilitL, Amnon H, Uri Y, Ran E, Eli S and Arnon D. 2020. Avocado rootstock influences scion leaf mineral content. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 66:10, 1399-1409. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1672163 Silva-Souza L, Diniz RP, Neves RJ, Alves AAC and Oliveira EJ. 2018. Grafting as a strategy to increase flowering of cassava. Scientia Horticulturae, 240, 544–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.070 Simkin AJ, Faralli M, Ramamoorthy S and Lawson T. 2020. Photosynthesis in non‐foliar tissues: implications for yield. The Plant Journal, 101(4), 1001-1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14633 Simon AMO, Gudet WS, Ramni J, Festus KA and Jarret M. 2012. Scion and stock diameter size effect on growth and fruit production of Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) trees. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 4(9), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF12.016 Soule MJ and Harding PL. 1955. Relation of maturity of Florida avocados to physical characters. In: Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society (68, 303-307). file:///D:/Biblioteca%20Lab%20Fisiologia/Downloads/perrycollins-303-30820soule.pdf Steduto P, Raes D, Hsiao TC, Fereres E, Heng LK, Howell TA and Geerts S. 2009. Concepts and applications of AquaCrop: The FAO Crop Water Productivity Model. Crop modeling and decision support, pp. 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01132-0_19 Stessman D, Miller A, Spalding M and Rodermel S. 2002 Regulation of photosynthesis during Arabidopsis leaf development in continuous light. Photosynth Res 72: 27–37. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1016043003839 Suzuki E and des Yamato. 1972. La sandía Brochure translated into Spanish by Mr Kimura to Alfredo Miguel Gómez in 1977. Traka ME, Koutsika SM and Pritsa T. 2000. Response of squash (Cucurbita spp.) as rootstock for melon (Cucumis melo L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 83(3-4), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(99)00088-6 Trionfetti NP, Colla G, Granati E, Temperini O, Crinò P and Saccardo F. 2002. Rootstock resistance to fusarium wilt and effect on fruit yield and quality of two muskmelon cultivars Scientia Horticulturae. 93 281 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00335-1 Van Den Berg N, Swart V, Backer R, Fick A, Wienk R, Engelbrecht J and Prabhu SA. 2021. Advances in understanding defense mechanisms in Persea americana against Phytophthora cinnamomi. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.636339 Vergniaud P. 1990. Le melon: Vendre et produire P.H.M Revue Hort. 303, 43-51. Webber HJ. 1948. “Rootstocks: their character and reactions,” in The Citrus Industry, Vol.2, eds L.D. Batchelor and H.J. Webber Berkeley, CA. University of California Press, pp. 69–168. Webber HJ. 1948. “Rootstocks: their character and reactions,” In L.D. Batchelor and H.J. Webber (Eds.) The Citrus Industry, (Vol. 2, pp. 69-168 Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Weibel A, Johnson RS, and DeJong TM. 2003. Comparative vegetative growth responses of two peach cultivars grown on size-controlling versus standard rootstocks. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(4), 463-471. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.128.4.0463 Whiley AW, Schaffer B and Wolstenholme BN. 2007. The Avocado. Botany, production and uses. Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso. Valparaiso – Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. ISBN 978-956-17-0415-2. Wickham H. 2016. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4, https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org. Willingham S L, Pegg KG, Cooke AW, Coates LM, Langdon PWB and Dean JR. 2001. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52(10), 1017. https://doi:10.1071/ar01015. Wolstenholme BN. 2013. Ecology: Climate and soils. In: Bruce A, Schaffer B, Nigel W, and Whiley A. (eds.) The avocado: botany, production and uses. Second edition. CPI Group. London, UK. 560 p Zapata JC y Leal JM. 2018. Manejo integrado de la pudrición de raíces del aguacate (Persea americana Miller), causada por Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Temas agrarios, 23(2), 131-143 https://doi.org/10.21897/rta.v23i2.1297 . |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
127 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.coverage.country.none.fl_str_mv |
Colombia |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrarias |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medellín, Colombia |
| dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85672/4/Tesis%20Lucas%20Cano%20Gallego.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85672/3/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85672/5/Tesis%20Lucas%20Cano%20Gallego.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
62cd2df8ba1e8661e3551308a35c35dd eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a b0bb09870ccf1945c2b9f414b556060b |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814089417319514112 |
| spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Córdoba Gaona, Oscar de Jesús251640470aca3f625956331a1911f60dCano Gallego, Lucas Esteban2de3db4a588d56735f9bd3954aaad415Cano Gallego, Lucas Esteban [0000-0002-2819-9694]https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=00000067232024-02-09T14:28:37Z2024-02-09T14:28:37Z2022-09-15https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85672Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/GráficosEl crecimiento de áreas de cultivos de aguacate en Colombia ha sido considerable en los últimos 10 años (ICA, 2021), a pesar de su crecimiento acelerado, en la actualidad, poca información se posee sobre la importancia de los programas de selección de nuevos patrones, variedades, y el estudio de la compatibilidad del portainjerto con las variedades de mayor interés comercial, lo cual es un criterio de selección indispensable. Es por esto por lo que, el conocimiento de las características productivas de los árboles de aguacate cv. Hass es una necesidad que apremia la producción nacional, dado que la determinación de los factores morfológicos que puedan ir en detrimento de los rendimientos y sus componentes es de vital importancia para mejorar la competitividad de los cultivos con fines a un mercado internacional, el cual genera mayor comercialización en cuanto a volúmenes (toneladas), exigiendo mayor calidad de fruta y exhibiendo mejores ganancias. En varios cultivos, la interacción morfológica existente entre el diámetro del portainjerto y el injerto es importante para determinar la compatibilidad de tejidos dado que pueden llegar a afectar el rendimiento y la calidad del producto final. Debido a esto, se plantea la presente investigación la cual tiene como objetivo determinar si la incompatibilidad entre el injerto y el portainjerto en el cultivo de aguacate cv. Hass cultivado en tres ambientes diferentes, interviene en la actividad fotosintética del aguacate, el desarrollo de los frutos durante su crecimiento y el rendimiento y sus componentes en cada caso durante dos periodos productivos (cosecha principal 2020 y traviesa 2021). La investigación se llevó a cabo en 3 huertos comerciales para exportación de aguacate cv. Hass establecidos en el 2013; injertados sobre patrones criollos originarios de semilla. Los predios están ubicados en Anserma (Caldas) a una altitud de 2.000 msnm; Rionegro (Antioquia) a 2.175 msnm, y en El Peñol (Antioquia) a 2.198 msnm. Se empleó un diseño de parcelas divididas con factor de bloqueo por localidad. La parcela principal correspondió al factor compatibilidad y las subparcelas a la edad de desarrollo del fruto. El factor compatibilidad estuvo definido por dos tratamientos (compatible e incompatible) derivados de la relación entre el diámetro del tallo del portainjerto (DP) y el diámetro del tallo de la copa (DC), medidos a 5 cm por debajo y por encima de la cicatriz del injerto, siendo árboles compatibles, cuando DP/DC fue igual a 1 ± 0,05; e incompatible cuando fue menor que 0,95. El factor edad (subparcela) correspondió a las épocas del desarrollo durante la ontogenia de las hojas y los frutos de aguacate durante dos periodos productivos denominados cosecha principal del año 2020 (marzo – diciembre 2020) y la cosecha traviesa 2021 (septiembre 2020 – junio 2021). Cada localidad contó con nueve unidades experimentales compatibles y nueve incompatibles, para un total de dieciocho árboles dentro de un mismo lote, a cada una de ellas se les evaluó de forma mensual en los periodos de cosecha principal 2020 y traviesa 2021, el intercambio gaseoso a través de las variables fotosíntesis neta (A), tasa de transpiración (E), conductancia estomática (gs), temperatura de la hoja (Tl) y eficiencia en el uso del agua (UEA). Para analizar el desarrollo morfométrico del fruto se determinó la longitud (L), el diámetro (D), peso fresco (PF) y seco (BTF) del fruto; materia fresca (MF) y seca (MS) del pericarpio (P) y la semilla (S) y la relación longitud – diámetro (RLD). Otra variable fue la tasa respiratoria (ppm CO2) y las variables productivas del rendimiento. El análisis estadístico consistió en un modelo lineal mixto, realizando una prueba de diferencia múltiple significativa utilizando el ajuste por multiplicidad por familia a través de la corrección de Holm. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron utilizando el software R (R Core Team, 2021). La compatibilidad entre el portainjerto y el injerto en árboles de aguacate cv. Hass no exhibió diferencias para las variables de intercambio gaseoso Tl, E, gs, A y EUA. Las variables de Tl, gs, A y EUA presentaron diferencias para las edades de desarrollo de la hoja. El factor cosecha presentó diferencias para todas las variables de intercambio gaseoso evaluadas, siendo la cosecha principal la que presentó los mayores valores de Tl, E, y A. La edad de desarrollo de la hoja durante las cosechas principal 2020 y traviesa 2021 presentó diferencias para todas las variables de intercambio gaseoso presentando un comportamiento decreciente desde hojas más jóvenes a hojas más adultas. El tratamiento de compatibilidad y la época de cosecha, no modificó la tasa respiratoria de frutos del cv. Hass, la edad afectó la tasa respiratoria de CO2, siendo creciente con la ontogenia del fruto, mientras que, la tasa de CO2 específica en ppm g-1 fue inversa a la ontogenia del fruto. Las variables del crecimiento del fruto no fueron afectadas por la compatibilidad portainjerto/injerto, mientras que la cosecha principal (2020) presentó frutos con mejores características en tamaño y peso con respeto a la traviesa (2021). La edad del fruto se caracterizó por presentar un crecimiento lineal, seguido de una fase plana lineal con la ontogenia del fruto. La compatibilidad no presentó diferencias para el número de frutos por árbol y el rendimiento por árbol en kilogramos de fruta. No obstante, la cosecha presentó diferencias significativas durante el periodo P2020 donde los mayores rendimientos, estuvieron influenciados por condiciones climáticas deseables para la floración, cuajamiento, crecimiento y desarrollo de los frutos. El calibre no presentó un comportamiento porcentual diferencial sin evidencia de una diferencia notable entre el tratamiento compatibilidad, las localidades y las cosechas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la hipótesis no se cumple, debido a que la diferencia en el diámetro del tallo entre el portainjerto y el injerto no afecta la fisiología del dosel y el rendimiento del cultivo de aguacate cv. Hass. (Tomado de la fuente)The growth of avocado areas in Colombia has been substantial in the last ten years (ICA, 2021). Despite the accelerated growth, at present, little information is available on the importance of the programs for the selection of new rootstocks and varieties and the study of the compatibility of the rootstock/scion with the cultivars of greater commercial interest. That's why the knowledge of the productive characteristics of the avocado trees cv Hass is a necessity that rewards national production. Determining the morphological factors that can go to the detriment of yields and their components is vital to improving the competitiveness of crops, which generates greater commercialization in volumes (tons), demanding greater quality of fruit and profits. In several crops, the morphological interaction between the diameter of the rootstock/scion is essential to determine tissue compatibility since it can affect the yield and the quality of the final product. Due to this, the present investigation aims to determine the incompatibility between rootstock/scion effects in the avocado cv. Hass yield, gas exchange, and fruit growth in three different environments during two-season productive periods (main harvest 2020 and harvest 2021). The investigation was carried out in 3 commercial orchards to export avocado cv. Hass planted in 2013. The trees were grafted onto native rootstocks from seed. The orchards are located in Anserma (Caldas) at 2,000 m above sea level, Rionegro (Antioquia) at 2,175 m above sea level, and El Peñol (Antioquia) at 2,198 m above sea level. A split plot design with a locality blocking factor was used—the main plot corresponded to the compatibility factor, and the subplots to the age of fruit development. The compatibility factor was defined by two treatments (compatible and incompatible) derived from the ratio between the diameter of the rootstock stem (DP) and the diameter of the canopy stem (CD), measured at 5 cm below and above the graft scar, being compatible trees, when DP/DC was equal to 1 ± 0.05; and incompatible when it was less than 0.95. The age factor (subplot) corresponded to the times of development during the ontogeny of avocado leaves and fruits during two productive periods called the main harvest of the year 2020 (March - December 2020) and the 2021 secondary harvest (September 2020 - June 2021). Each locality had nine compatible and nine incompatible experimental units for eighteen trees within the same lot. Each of the following variables was evaluated monthly in the main 2020 and secondary 2021 harvest periods: Gas exchange as photosynthesis (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf temperature (Tl), and water use efficiency (UEA); the length (L), diameter (D), fresh weight (PF) and fruit dry weight (BTF); as fresh (MF) and dry (DM) matter of the pericarp (P) and the seed (S) and the length-diameter (RLD) relationship. Another variable was the respiratory rate (ppm CO2) and the yield variables. Statistical analysis consisted of a mixed linear model, performing a significant multiple difference test using the adjustment for multiplicity by family through Holm's correction. Statistical analyzes were performed using R software (R Core Team, 2021). The compatibility between the rootstock/scion in avocado trees cv. Hass did not exhibit differences for the gas exchange variables Tl, E, gs, A, and EUA. The variables of Tl, gs, A and EUA presented differences in the ages of leaf development. The harvest factor showed differences for all the gas exchange variables evaluated; the main harvest explained the highest values of Tl, E, and A. The age of leaf development during the main 2020 and naughty 2021 harvests presented differences for all the gas exchange variables, decreasing behavior from younger to more adult leaves. The compatibility treatment and the harvest season did not modify the respiratory rate of fruits of cv. Hass. The age affected the respiratory rate of CO2, increasing with fruit ontogeny, while the specific CO2 rate in ppm g-1 was inverse to fruit ontogeny. Fruit growth variables were not affected by compatibility.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias AgrariasDiseño de parcelas divididasFisiología de la producción vegetalProducción Agraria Sostenible.Sede Medellín127 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias AgrariasFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín580 - Plantas::582 - Plantas destacadas por características vegetativas y flores570 - Biología::571 - Fisiología y temas relacionadosAguacate - calidadAgricultura - InvestigacionesCultivos alimenticiosProducción agropecuariaInjertos (Agricultura)FruticulturaPersea americana MillInjertoGraftingEfecto de la compatibilidad patrón/copa sobre la fisiología productiva de árboles de aguacate CV. Hass en tres ambientes en ColombiaEffect of rootstock/scion compatibility on the productive physiology of avocado trees CV. Hass in three environments in ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMColombiaLaReferenciaAgronet. 2020. Reporte: Área, producción y rendimiento nacional por cultivo. Agronet, MinAgricultura. En: https://www.agronet.gov.co/estadistica/Paginas/home.aspx?cod=1 Consultado: Junio 2022.Albacete A, Martínez C, Martinez A, Thompson A, Dodd I and Pérez F. 2015. Unravelling rootstock×scion interactions to improve food security. Journal of Experimental Botany. 66(8). 2211-2226. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv027Alcaraz ML, Thorp TG and Hormaza JI. 2013. Phenological growth stages of avocado (Persea americana) according to the BBCH scale. Scientia Horticulturae, 164, 434-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.09.051Aloni B, Karni L, Deventurero G, Levin Z, Cohen R, Katzir N and Kapulnik Y. 2008. Physiological and biochemical changes at the rootstock-scion interface in graft combinations between Cucurbita rootstocks and a melon scion. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83(6), 777-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512460Álvarez-López H. 2020. Manual de injertación en frutales, contribución en fisiología vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Jaén. Disponible en: http://repositorio.unj.edu.pe/handle/UNJ/389 Aslam W, Noor RS, Hussain F, Ameen M, Ullah S and Chen H. 2020. Evaluating morphological growth, yield, and postharvest fruit quality of cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) grafted on cucurbitaceous rootstocks. Agriculture, 10(4), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040101Baron D, Esteves A, Pina A, and Ferreira G. 2019. An overview of grafting re-establishment in woody fruit species, Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 243, Pages 84-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.012.Barrientos VA; Barrientos PA, Rodríguez P, Peña LA y Muñoz PR. 1999. Influencia del interinjerto cv. Colín V-33 sobre algunos aspectos fisiológicos en aguacatero (Persea americana Mill.). Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 5: 103-116. https://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=609Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B and Walker S 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01.Bayram S and Seyla EPE. 2019. Determination of some physicochemical properties in fruits of some avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivars during the harvesting periods. Derim, 36(1), 1-12.https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2019.410329Bello A, López PJA, Díaz VL and Tello J. 2001. Alternatives to methyl bromide for soil fumigation in Spain. In: Global report on validated alternatives to the use of methyl bromide for soil fumigation. Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Environmental Programme, Rome, Italy. 95 p.Belmonte ULJ, Garrido CJA and Camacho FF. 2020. Analysis of world research on grafting in horticultural plants. HortScience, 55(1), 112-120. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14533-19Ben YA., Michelson E, Sela I. 1995. Rootstock effect on avocado vigor and productivity. Acta Hort. 349: 191-195. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.349.30Bernal JA y Díaz CA. 2020. Capitulo I.- Generalidades del cultivo. pp 77-305. En: Bernal JA, y Díaz CA (eds.). Actualización y buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA) en el cultivo de aguacate. Segunda edición. Agrosavia. (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria – AGROSAVIA. Mosquera. 773 p.Bernal JA. 2008. Manual Técnico del cultivo de aguacate Hass (Persea americana L.). Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola. La Lima, Cortez, Honduras. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/654Bernal JA. 2016. Estudios ecofisiológicos en aguacate cv. Hass en diferentes ambientes como alternativa productiva en Colombia. (Tesis de doctorado) Universidad Nacional de Colombia.296 p.Bielczynski L., Lącki MK., Hoefnagels I., Gambin A., and Croce, R. (2017). Leaf and plant age affects photosynthetic performance and photoprotective capacity. Plant Physiology, 175(4), 1634–1648. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00904Blanke MM. 1991. Respiration of apple and avocado fruits. Postharvest News and Information, 2(6), 429-436. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Blanke/publication/341881382_Blanke_1991_Respiration_of_apple_and_avocado_fruit_-_invited_review_Postharvest_News_and_Information/links/606ead74299bf1c911b64ed2/Blanke-1991-Respiration-of-apple-and-avocado-fruit-invited-review-Postharvest-News-and-Information.pdfCarvalho C, Velásquez M and Rooyen Z. 2014 Determination of the minimum dry matter index for the optimum harvest of ‘Hass’ avocado fruits in Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 32(3), 399 – 406. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.46031Choi KS, Om H, Parks DY, Lee S and Lee CH 1991 The interspecific hybrid Weonkio 601 as a rootstock for cucurbits. Res. Rep. of the office of Rural Development, Hort. and Sericiculture. 1980. Suwon 22. (Cited by Miguel et al., in Horticulture 66, 34–40).Cohen R, Pivonia S, Burger Y, Edelstein M, Gamliel A and Katan J. 2000. Toward integrated management of Monosporascus wilt of melons in Israel Plant Dis., 84, 496-505. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.5.496Corelli-Grappadelli, L., Musacchi, S. and Magnanini E. 2001. Single leaf and whole canopy gas exchange of pear as affected by graft incompatibility. Acta Hort. 557:377–383. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.557.50Cornejo TNY. 2019. Plan de instalación de palta Hass con patrones Topa Topa, Zutano y Moquecano (clonal) basado en árbol de decisiones, para la adaptabilidad y comportamiento en los primeros meses de desarrollo en el anexo de Huatiapilla-Valle de Majes, 2018. http://repositorio.unsa.edu.pe/handle/UNSA/8863.Cowan AK, Cripps RF, Richings EW and Taylor NJ. 2001. Fruit size: Towards an understanding of the metabolic control of fruit growth using avocado as a model system. Physiologia Plantarum, 111(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1110201.xCPA - Cadena Productiva de Aguacate. 2021. Composición y caracterización de la cadena. En: https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Aguacate/Documentos/2021-03-31%20Cifras%20Sectoriales.pdf. Consultada: enero 2021de Mendiburu F. 2021. Agricolae: Statistical procedures for agricultural research. R package (1.3-5). Universidad La Molina. 152 p.Díaz PM, Camacho FF, Diánez MF, De Cara GM and Tello MJC. 2009 Evaluation of alternatives to methyl bromide in melon crops in Guatemala. Microb. Ecol., 57, 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9460-1Embleton TW, Matsumura M, Stolzy LH, Devitt DA and Jones WW. 1986. Citrus nitrogen fertilizer management groundwater pollution, soil salinity and nitrogen balance. Applied Agricultural Research,1(1), 57-64.Fallik E and Ziv C. 2020. How rootstock/scion combinations affect watermelon fruit quality after harvest? Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(8), 3275-3282. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10325FAO. 2011. COMISIÓN DEL CODEX ALIMENTARIUS: Observaciones presentadas en respuesta al proyecto de norma para el aguacate (revisión de la Norma CODEX STAN 197-1995) por: Costa Rica, Jamaica, Kenia, Unión Europea, Nueva Zelanda y Estados Unidos de América. Disponible en https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/321/CXS_197s.pdf. Consultado: julio 2022.FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT Database, production statistics En: http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QC/visualize. Consultado: junio 2022.Ferree DC, Cahoon GA, Ellis MA, Scurlock DM. and Johns GR. 1996. Influence of eight rootstock on the performance of ‘White Riesling’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ over five years. Fruit Var. Journal. 50(2), 124–130.Ferree DC. 1992. Ten-year summary of the performance of 9 rootstocks in the NC-140 trials. Compact Fruit Tree, 25, 5–11.Feucht W and Treutter D. 1991. Phenol gradients in opposing cells of Prunus heterografts. Adv. Hort., 5, 107–111. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42881595Fredes A, Roselló S, Beltrán J, Cebolla CJ, Pérez-de-Castro A, Gisbert C and Picó MB. 2016. Fruit quality assessment of watermelons grafted onto citron melon rootstock. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(5), 1646–1655. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7915Gazit A y Ish GA. 2007. Las abejas sin aguijón pueden servir como polinizadores eficientes del aguacate. En el 9º Simposio Internacional de Polinización sobre Relaciones Planta-Polinización-Diversidad en Acton: Programa y Resúmenes. Universidad Estatal de Iowa, Ames, IA.Ge Y, Dong X, Wu B, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Lin X and Ma W. 2019. Physiological, histological and molecular analysis of avocado mesocarp fatty acids during fruit development. J. Agric. Sci, 11(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p95Goldschmidt EE. 2014. Plant grafting: new mechanisms, evolutionary implications. Front. Plant Sci., 5, 727. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00727Gulen H, Arora R, Kuden A, Krebs SL and Postman J. 2002. Peroxidase isozyme profiles in compatible and incompatible pear-quince graft combinations. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 127(2), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.127.2.152Gutiérrez CA, Arenas LC, Obando GM and Bello RY. 2021. Análisis del riesgo en la exportación del aguacate Hass para la compañía Hass Fruits de Colombia (Tesis de licienciatura), Especialización en Gerencia Procesos de Calidad e Innovación Virtual). Universidad EAN. Colombia. 52 p.Habibi F, Liu T, Folta K and Sarkhosh A. 2022. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees. Horticulture Research, 9. https://doi.org/10.1093/hortre/uhac032Huitrón MV, Diaz M, Diánez F and Camacho F. 2007. The effect of various rootstocks on triploid watermelon yield and quality J. Food Agric. Environ., 5, 344-348.Jiang CZ and Rodermel SR. 1995. Regulation of photosynthesis during leaf development in RbcS antisense DNA mutants of tobacco. Plant Physiol 107, 215–224. https://doi.org/10.2307/4276292Jiang CZ, Rodermel SR and Shibles RM. 1993. Photosynthesis, rubisco activity and amount, and their regulation by transcription in senescing soybean leaves. Plant Physiology 101, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/4274939Kato T and Lou H. 1989. Effects of rootstock on the yield, mineral nutrition and hormone level in xylem sap in eggplant. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 58(2), 345-352. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.58.345Kawaguchi M, Taji A, Backhouse D and Oda M. 2008. Anatomy and physiology of graft incompatibility in solanaceous plants. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83(5), 581-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427Biotechnology, 83(5), 581-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427 King SR, Davis AR, Zhang X and Crosby K. 2010. Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstocks for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.001Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB and Christensen RHB 2017. “lmerTest Package: Tests in linear mixed effects models.” Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18637/jssKyriacou MC, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Zrenner R and Schwarz D. 2017. Vegetable Grafting: The Implications of a growing agronomic imperative for vegetable fruit quality and nutritive value. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00741Lazare S, Haberman A, Yermiyahu U, Erel R, Simenski E and Dag A. 2020. Avocado rootstock influences scion leaf mineral content. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 66(10), 1399-1409. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1672163Lee J.M.1994 Cultivation of grafted vegetables. I. Current status, grafting methods, and benefits HortScience 29 (4), 235-239. file:///D:/Biblioteca%20Lab%20Fisiologia/Downloads/[23279834%20-%20HortScience]%20Cultivation%20of%20Grafted%20Vegetables%20I.%20Current%20Status,%20Grafting%20Methods,%20and%20Benefits.pdfLira GGO, Montaño YAR, Barrios P., Vargas-Sandoval M, Santos MEP, Raymundo T and Lara CM. 2020. Characterization of Fusarium spp., a phytopathogen of avocado (Persea americana Milr var. Drymifolia (Schltdl. and Cham.) in Michoacán, México. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo, 52(2), 301-316.Liu X, Robinson PW, Madore MA, Witney GW and Arpaia ML. 1999. Hass' avocado carbohydrate fluctuations. II. Fruit growth and ripening. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 124(6), 676-681. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.124.6.676Lobell DB, Cahill K. and Field CB. 2007. Historical effects of temperature and precipitation on California crop yields. Climatic Change, 81(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9141-3Long LE and Kaiser C. 2010 Sweet cherry rootstocks for the pacific northwest; OSU Extension Service: Eugene, OR, USA; 619, p. 8. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18464Losciale P, Zibordi M, Manfrini L and Grappadelli LC. 2008. Effects of rootstock on pear photosynthetic efficiency. Acta Horticulturae, (800), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.800.28Louvet, J. and Peyriere, J. 1962. Intérêt du greffage du melon sur Benincasacerifera, p. 167–171. XVI Congrès Internat. Hortic. Brussels, Belgium.Lyu J, He QY, Chen QW, Cheng RR, Li G, Otsuki K and Du S. 2022. Distinct transpiration characteristics of black locust plantations acclimated to semiarid and subhumid sites in the Loess Plateau, China. Agricultural Water Management, 262, 107402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107402Makino A, Mae T and Ohira K. 1983 Photosynthesis and ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase in rice leaves: changes in photosynthesis and enzymes involved in carbon assimilation from leaf development through senescence. Plant Physiol 73: 1002–1007. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.73.4.1002Márquez SM, Hernández LAN and Castrejón GVR. 2020. States of phenological development of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) based on the BBCH scale extended and its relationship to the incidence of anthracnose in field conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 271, 109379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109379Martínez CMR, Molina MD and Forner GMÁ. 2022. Performance of two very early-seasClementines, ‘Clemenrubi’and ‘Orogros’ mandarins on three rootstocks in Spain: Yield and Quality Study. Agronomy, 12(5), 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051072Martínez RG, Flores JIC, Jiménez AL, Barra JDE, Salazar JAC and Veloz CS 2021. Rendimiento, calidad y comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de aguacate ‘Hass’ de huertos con diferente fertilización. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 12(2), 205-218. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v12i2.2232Martins V, Silva V, Pereira S, Afonso S, Oliveira I, Santos M and Gonçalves, B. 2021. Rootstock affects the fruit quality of ‘Early Bigi’ sweet cherries. Foods, 10(10), 2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102317Marukawa S. 1979. Studies on varieties of Cucurbita spp. as rootstock for cucurbitaceous vegetables, with special reference to their grafting compatibility. Bulletin of Ibaraki ken Horticultural Experiment Station. (Japan). (Apr 1979). (no.5) p. 1-152. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=JP19800536233Messiaen C, Blancard D, Rouxel F and Lafon F. 1991 Les maladies des plantes maraìchères. 3rd ed. Ed. INRA, Paris, France.Mickelbart MV, Robinson PW, Witney G and Arpaia ML. 2012. ‘Hass’ avocado tree growth on four rootstocks in California. II. Shoot and root growth. Scientia Horticulturae, 143, 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.06.021Miller A, Schlagnhaufer C, Spalding M and Rodermel S. 2000. Carbohydrate regulation of leaf development: prolongation of leaf senescence in Rubisco antisense mutants of tobacco. Photosynth Res., 63, 1–8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006367719639Miller A, Tsai CH, Hemphill D, Endres M, Rodermel S and Spalding M. 1997. Elevated CO2 effects during leaf ontogeny (a new perspective on acclimation). Plant Physiology 115, 1195–1200. https://doi.org/10.2307/4277999Minvivienda - Ministerio de Vivienda. 2020. Mapa de Clasificación del Clima en Colombia según la Temperatura y la Humedad Relativa y Listado de Municipios. En: http://ismd.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Anexo-No-2-Mapa-de-Clasificaci%C3%B3n-del-Clima-en-Colombia.pdf. Consultado: Junio 2022.Mudge K, Janick J, Scofield S and Goldschmidt E. 2009. A history of grafting. Horticultural Reviews, Volume 35 Edited by Jules Janick, pp. 437 – 493. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470593776.ch9Najt E, Arjona C, Ojer M, Reginato MG y Weibel A. 2011. Portainjertos y calidad de plantas. Repositorio académico. Universidad de Chile. En: https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/12 Consultado: Enero 2022.Nawaz MA, Imtiaz M, Kong Q, Cheng F, Ahmed W, Huang Y and Bie Z. 2016. Grafting: A technique to modify ion accumulation in horticultural crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. https://doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01457.Oka Y, Offenbach R, and Pivonia S. 2004. Pepper rootstock graft compatibility and response to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Journal of Nematology, 36(2), 137. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2620767/Okimura M, Matsuo S, Arai K and Okitsu S. 1986. Influences of soil temperature on the growth of fruit vegetable grafted on different rootstocks. Bul. Natl. Res. Inst. Veg. Ornam. Plants Tea C9 43 58. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=JP880162888Oliveros CE, López HA, Ramírez CA, Sanz JR y Bustillo AE. 2013. Recolección de frutos de café del suelo con la máquina Cifarelli V77S. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café (Cenicafé). https://biblioteca.cenicafe.org/handle/10778/369Oster JD y Arpaia ML. 2007. Efectos de la salinidad y aplicación de agua sobre el rendimiento del palto Hass injertado sobre patrón Mexicola. Serie Actas Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. En: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14001/8547. Consultado: Febrero 2022.Ozdemir F and Topuz, A. 2004. Changes in dry matter, oil content and fatty acids composition of avocado during harvesting time and post-harvesting ripening period. Science Food Chemistry, 86, 73 – 79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.012Palacios AJ. 1986. Dynamic and nutritional balance in avocado trees (Persea americana Mill) cv. Hass with high and low yields in the region of Uruapan, Michoacan. Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico. Centro de Fruticultura. 93 p.Pattemore DE, Buxton MN, Cutting BT, McBrydie HM, Goodwin RM and Dag A. 2018. Low overnight temperatures delay ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana) female flower opening, leading to nocturnal flowering. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 23, 127-135. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2018)12Peña J, Wysoki M, Ripa R y Larral P. 2008. Plagas del palto en México. Manejo integrado de plagas en altos y cítricos. Colección Libros Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas, (23), 303-309.PF - Portal Frutícola. 2021. Exportaciones colombianas de aguacate casi se duplican hasta mayo. En: https://www.portalfruticola.com/noticias/2021/08/04/exportaciones-colombianas-de-aguacate-casi-se-duplican-hasta-mayo. Consultado: Agosto 2021.Pina A and Errea P. 2005. A review of new advances in mechanism of graft compatibility–incompatibility. Sci. Hortic. 106, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.04.003Pina A. 2008. Compatibilidad de injerto en frutales. Investigación. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA). Surcos de Aragón. No. 107: 21-24.Procolombia. 2021. El mayor exportador de aguacate Hass colombiano crece más de 60% en sus ventas internacionales. En: https://procolombia.co/noticias/el-mayor-exportador-de-aguacate-hass-colombiano-crece-mas-de-60-en-sus-ventas-internacionales. Consultado: Julio 2021.R Core Team. 2021. A language and environment for statistical computing. In: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.orgRamírez GJ, Cobos ME, Jiménez GD, Morales OJG and Peterson AT. 2019. Current and potential future distributions of Hass avocados in the face of climate change across the Americas. Crop and Pasture Science, 70(8), 694-708. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP19094Ramírez GJ, Ramelli EG and Osorio JGM. 2017. Economic impact of the avocado (cv. Hass) wilt disease complex in Antioquia, Colombia, crops under different technological management levels. Crop Prot. 101, 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.07.023.Rasool A, Mansoor S, Bhat KM, Hassan GI, Baba TR, Alyemeni MN and Ahmad P. 2020. Mechanisms underlying graft union formation and rootstock scion interaction in horticultural plants. Front. Plant Sci, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.590847Reig G, Salazar A, Zarrouk O, Forcada CF, Val J and Moreno MÁ. 2019. Long-term graft compatibility study of peach-almond hybrid and plum based rootstocks budded with European and Japanese plums. Scientia Horticulturae, 243, 392-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.038Reig G, Zarrouk O, Font I Forcada C and Moreno MÁ. 2018 Anatomical graft compatibility study between apricot cultivars and different plum based rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae. 237, 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.035Rendón-Anaya, M., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Méndez-Bravo, A., Lan, T., Zheng, C., Carretero-Paulet, L., ... & Herrera-Estrella, L. (2019). The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(34), 17081-17089.Ricárdez SM, Huitrón RM, Tello MJ and Camacho-Ferre F. 2010. Planting density for grafted melon as an alternative to methyl bromide use in Mexico Scientia Horticulturae. 126, 236-241 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.022Rivero R, Ruiz J and Romero L. 2003. Role of grafting in horticultural plants under stress conditions. J. Food Agric. Environ., 1, 70-74. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rosa-Rivero-3/publication/236211274_Role_of_grafting_in_horticultural_plants_under_stress_condition/links/00b495170043787b85000000/Role-of-grafting-in-horticultural-plants-under-stress-condition.pdfRobinson R.Wand Decker-Walters DS. 1997 Cucurbits, CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Rodríguez P y Henao J. 2016. Maduración del aguacate (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) y calidad de los frutos. Agronomía Colombiana, 1(1), 914-917. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.sup.2016n1.58101Rodriguez P, Henao JC, Correa G and Aristizabal A. 2018. Identification of harvest maturity indicators for ‘Hass’ avocado adaptable to field conditions. HortTechnology, 28(6), 815-821. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04025-18Rouphael Y, Schwarz D, Krumbein A and Colla G. 2010. Impact of grafting on product quality of fruit vegetables. Sci. Hortic. 127, 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scienta.2010.09.001Roy B and Basu AK. 2009. Abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants breeding and biotechnology. New India Publishing Agency, Pitam Pura, New Delhi. pp. 140-147.Salazar G.S. y Lazcano F.I. 2003. La fertilización en "sitio específico" incrementa los rendimientos y el tamaño de la fruta del aguacate en México. Actas del V Congreso Mundial del Aguacate. Granada–Málaga, España. 19 al 24 de octubre 2003. Vol. I: 373–377. http://avocadosource.com/WAC5/Papers/WAC5_p373.pdfScherrer C, Dos-Santos L, Andreazza C, Getz B and Bender R. 2011. Mechanical damages increase respiratory rates of citrus fruit, International Journal of Fruit Science, 11:3, 256-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2011.608297r-de-aguacate-de-europa.Schroeder C and Frolich E. 1955. Avocado rootstock-scion studies: Compatibility between avocado and new rootstocks suitable to California is object of plant program. Calif. Agr, 9(2),11-12. DOI:10.3733/ca.v009n02p11SilitL, Amnon H, Uri Y, Ran E, Eli S and Arnon D. 2020. Avocado rootstock influences scion leaf mineral content. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 66:10, 1399-1409. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1672163Silva-Souza L, Diniz RP, Neves RJ, Alves AAC and Oliveira EJ. 2018. Grafting as a strategy to increase flowering of cassava. Scientia Horticulturae, 240, 544–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.070Simkin AJ, Faralli M, Ramamoorthy S and Lawson T. 2020. Photosynthesis in non‐foliar tissues: implications for yield. The Plant Journal, 101(4), 1001-1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14633Simon AMO, Gudet WS, Ramni J, Festus KA and Jarret M. 2012. Scion and stock diameter size effect on growth and fruit production of Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) trees. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 4(9), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF12.016Soule MJ and Harding PL. 1955. Relation of maturity of Florida avocados to physical characters. In: Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society (68, 303-307). file:///D:/Biblioteca%20Lab%20Fisiologia/Downloads/perrycollins-303-30820soule.pdfSteduto P, Raes D, Hsiao TC, Fereres E, Heng LK, Howell TA and Geerts S. 2009. Concepts and applications of AquaCrop: The FAO Crop Water Productivity Model. Crop modeling and decision support, pp. 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01132-0_19Stessman D, Miller A, Spalding M and Rodermel S. 2002 Regulation of photosynthesis during Arabidopsis leaf development in continuous light. Photosynth Res 72: 27–37. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1016043003839Suzuki E and des Yamato. 1972. La sandía Brochure translated into Spanish by Mr Kimura to Alfredo Miguel Gómez in 1977.Traka ME, Koutsika SM and Pritsa T. 2000. Response of squash (Cucurbita spp.) as rootstock for melon (Cucumis melo L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 83(3-4), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(99)00088-6Trionfetti NP, Colla G, Granati E, Temperini O, Crinò P and Saccardo F. 2002. Rootstock resistance to fusarium wilt and effect on fruit yield and quality of two muskmelon cultivars Scientia Horticulturae. 93 281 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00335-1Van Den Berg N, Swart V, Backer R, Fick A, Wienk R, Engelbrecht J and Prabhu SA. 2021. Advances in understanding defense mechanisms in Persea americana against Phytophthora cinnamomi. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.636339Vergniaud P. 1990. Le melon: Vendre et produire P.H.M Revue Hort. 303, 43-51. Webber HJ. 1948. “Rootstocks: their character and reactions,” in The Citrus Industry, Vol.2, eds L.D. Batchelor and H.J. Webber Berkeley, CA. University of California Press, pp. 69–168.Webber HJ. 1948. “Rootstocks: their character and reactions,” In L.D. Batchelor and H.J. Webber (Eds.) The Citrus Industry, (Vol. 2, pp. 69-168 Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Weibel A, Johnson RS, and DeJong TM. 2003. Comparative vegetative growth responses of two peach cultivars grown on size-controlling versus standard rootstocks. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(4), 463-471. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.128.4.0463Whiley AW, Schaffer B and Wolstenholme BN. 2007. The Avocado. Botany, production and uses. Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso. Valparaiso – Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. ISBN 978-956-17-0415-2.Wickham H. 2016. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4, https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org.Willingham S L, Pegg KG, Cooke AW, Coates LM, Langdon PWB and Dean JR. 2001. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52(10), 1017. https://doi:10.1071/ar01015.Wolstenholme BN. 2013. Ecology: Climate and soils. In: Bruce A, Schaffer B, Nigel W, and Whiley A. (eds.) The avocado: botany, production and uses. Second edition. CPI Group. London, UK. 560 pZapata JC y Leal JM. 2018. Manejo integrado de la pudrición de raíces del aguacate (Persea americana Miller), causada por Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Temas agrarios, 23(2), 131-143 https://doi.org/10.21897/rta.v23i2.1297 .Desarrollo y validación de tecnologías para la implementación de prácticas de manejo agronómico para el cultivo del aguacate.AGROSAVIAInvestigadoresPúblico generalORIGINALTesis Lucas Cano Gallego.pdfTesis Lucas Cano Gallego.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ciencias Agrariasapplication/pdf1447840https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85672/4/Tesis%20Lucas%20Cano%20Gallego.pdf62cd2df8ba1e8661e3551308a35c35ddMD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85672/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53THUMBNAILTesis Lucas Cano Gallego.pdf.jpgTesis Lucas Cano Gallego.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6700https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85672/5/Tesis%20Lucas%20Cano%20Gallego.pdf.jpgb0bb09870ccf1945c2b9f414b556060bMD55unal/85672oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/856722024-02-09 23:03:20.761Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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 |