Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios
ilustraciones, diagramas
- Autores:
-
Ortiz Jiménez, Christian Rafael
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83844
- Palabra clave:
- 000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::003 - Sistemas
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
650 - Gerencia y servicios auxiliares::658 - Gerencia general
Toma de decisiones
Decision-making
Priorización
Multicriterio
Decisiones intertemporales
Multiperiodo
Toma de decisiones
Prioritization
Multicriteria
Intertemporal choice
Multiperiod
Decision making
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
| id |
UNACIONAL2_e392eb7397d78bb732f52612249ef33f |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83844 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
| network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Intertemporal decision model for prioritizing alternatives in discrete problems considering multiple criteria |
| title |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios |
| spellingShingle |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios 000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::003 - Sistemas 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería 650 - Gerencia y servicios auxiliares::658 - Gerencia general Toma de decisiones Decision-making Priorización Multicriterio Decisiones intertemporales Multiperiodo Toma de decisiones Prioritization Multicriteria Intertemporal choice Multiperiod Decision making |
| title_short |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios |
| title_full |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios |
| title_fullStr |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios |
| title_sort |
Modelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criterios |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ortiz Jiménez, Christian Rafael |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Arango Aramburo, Santiago Jaramillo Alvarez, Gloria Patricia |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Ortiz Jiménez, Christian Rafael |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias de la Decision |
| dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
Jaramillo Álvarez, Gloria Patricia [0000-0001-9007-4326] |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::003 - Sistemas 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería 650 - Gerencia y servicios auxiliares::658 - Gerencia general |
| topic |
000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::003 - Sistemas 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería 650 - Gerencia y servicios auxiliares::658 - Gerencia general Toma de decisiones Decision-making Priorización Multicriterio Decisiones intertemporales Multiperiodo Toma de decisiones Prioritization Multicriteria Intertemporal choice Multiperiod Decision making |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Toma de decisiones |
| dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv |
Decision-making |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Priorización Multicriterio Decisiones intertemporales Multiperiodo Toma de decisiones |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Prioritization Multicriteria Intertemporal choice Multiperiod Decision making |
| description |
ilustraciones, diagramas |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-23T19:43:52Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-23T19:43:52Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-31 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83844 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83844 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
[1] V. Valencia, “Opciones de descarbonización del transporte terrestre en ciudades de Colombia: escenarios a partir de un modelo de dinámica de sistemas,” Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, 2022. [2] A. Mardani, A. Jusoh, K. M. D. Nor, Z. Khalifah, N. Zakwan, and A. Valipour, “Multiple criteria decision-making techniques and their applications - A review of the literature from 2000 to 2014,” Econ. Res. Istraz. , vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 516–571, 2015, doi: 10.1080/1331677X.2015.1075139. [3] R. L. Keeney and H. Raiffa, “Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Trade-Offs,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 9, no. 7, p. 403, 1979, doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310245. [4] A. Bennet and D. Bennet, “The Decision-Making Process in a Complex Situation,” in Handbook on Decision Support Systems 1, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48713-5_1. [5] J. Krupa, D. Bridges, R. Hunter, D. Baker, G. Johnson, and K. Sorenson, “Guidebook to Decision-Making Methods Decision Making,” 2001. [6] V. Penadés-Plà, T. García-Segura, J. V. Martí, and V. Yepes, “A review of multi-criteria decision-making methods applied to the sustainable bridge design,” Sustain., vol. 8, no. 12, 2016, doi: 10.3390/su8121295. [7] Q. Dong and Y. Guo, “Multiperiod multiattribute decision-making method based on trend incentive coefficient,” vol. 20, pp. 141–152, 2013, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3995.2012.00853.x. [8] F. Klapproth, “Time and decision making in humans,” Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 509–524, 2008, doi: 10.3758/CABN.8.4.509. [9] A. Wong Boren, D. Martha Rodríguez, and D. C. Paula Villalpando, “Decisiones Intertemporales,” XII Congr. Anu. la Acad. Ciencias Adm. A.C., 2008, [Online]. Available: http://acacia.org.mx/busqueda/pdf/M07P41b.pdf [10] T. L. Saaty, “Time dependent decision-making; dynamic priorities in the AHP/ANP: Generalizing from points to functions and from real to complex variables,” Math. Comput. Model., vol. 46, no. 7–8, pp. 860–891, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.03.028. [11] P. C. G. Da Costa and D. M. Buede, “Dynamic decision making: A comparison of approaches,” J. Multi-Criteria Decis. Anal., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 243–262, 2000, doi: 10.1002/1099-1360(200011)9:6<243::AID-MCDA281>3.0.CO;2-Z. [12] G. Campanella and R. A. Ribeiro, “A framework for dynamic multiple-criteria decision making,” Decis. Support Syst., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 52–60, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2011.05.003. [13] Z. Xu, “On multi-period multi-attribute decision making,” vol. 21, pp. 164–171, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2007.05.007. [14] D. Read and G. Loewenstein, “Time and decision: introduction to the special issue,” J. Behav. Decis. Mak., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 141–144, 2002, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2<141::aid-bdm347>3.3.co;2-l. [15] A. Frini and S. Benamor, “Making Decisions in a Sustainable Development Context : A State-of-the-Art Survey and Proposal of a Multi-period Single Synthesizing Criterion Approach,” Comput. Econ., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 341–385, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10614-017-9677-5. [16] World Comission on Environment and Development, “The Brundtland Report.,” 1987. [17] G. Loewenstein and D. Prelec, “Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation,” Q. J. Econ., vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 573–597, 1992, doi: 10.2307/2118482. [18] P. H. M. P. Roelofsma, “Modelling intertemporal choices: An anomaly approach,” Acta Psychol. (Amst)., vol. 93, no. 1–3, pp. 5–22, 1996, doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(96)00023-6. [19] G. Loewe, “The Development of a Theory of Rational Intertemporal Choice,” Pap. Rev. Sociol., vol. 80, p. 195, 2006, doi: 10.5565/rev/papers/v80n0.1775. [20] A. Lazaro, R. Barberan, and E. Rubio, “The discounted utility model and social preferences: Some alternative formulations to conventional discounting,” J. Econ. Psychol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 317–337, 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00079-X. [21] S. Frederick, G. Loewenstein, and T. O’Donoghue, “Time discounting and time preference: A critical review,” Time Decis. Econ. Psychol. Perspect. Intertemporal Choice, vol. XL, no. June, pp. 13–86, 2003, doi: 10.1257/002205102320161311. [22] D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, “The Psychology of Preferences.pdf,” Sci. Am., pp. 160–173, 1982. [24] G. Loewe et al., “Intertemporal choice and the magnitude effect,” J. Econ. Theory, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.1037/xge0000198. [25] Department for Communities and Local Government, Multi-criteria analysis: a manual. 2009. Accessed: Apr. 23, 2021. [Online]. Available: www.communities.gov.ukcommunity,opportunity,prosperity [26] G. Montibeller and A. Franco, “Handbook of Multicriteria Analysis,” Handb. Multicriteria Anal., vol. 103, no. May 2016, pp. 25–44, 2010, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-92828-7. [27] V. Hongoh, A. Gatewood Hoen, C. Aenishaenslin, J.-P. Waaub, D. Bélanger, and P. Michel, “Spatially explicit multi-criteria decision analysis for managing vector-borne diseases,” 2011. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-10-70. [28] D. Ubfal, “How general are time preferences? Eliciting good-specific discount rates,” J. Dev. Econ., vol. 118, pp. 150–170, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.07.007. [29] M. Bystrzanowska and M. Tobiszewski, “How can analysts use multicriteria decision analysis?,” TrAC - Trends Anal. Chem., vol. 105, pp. 98–105, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.003. [30] A. Ishizaka and P. Nemery, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Methods and Software. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [31] J. L. Ringuest, “Compromise Programming,” Multiobjective Optim. Behav. Comput. Considerations, pp. 51–59, 1992, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3612-3_4. [32] V. Podvezko, “The comparative analysis of MCDA methods SAW and COPRAS,” Eng. Econ., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 134–146, 2011, doi: 10.5755/j01.ee.22.2.310. [33] M. Velasquez and P. Hester, “An Analysis of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods,” Prog. Artif. Intell., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 315–322, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s13748-016-0093-1. [34] B. Muñoz Medina and M. Romana García, “Aplicación de métodos de decisión multicriterio discretos al análisis de alternativas en estudios informativos de infraestructuras de transporte,” Pensam. Matemático, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 27–45, 2016. [35] A. Kumar et al., “A review of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) towards sustainable renewable energy development,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 69, no. November 2016, pp. 596–609, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.191. [36] Flavell and RB, “A new goal programming formulation,” Omega, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 731–732, 1976, Accessed: Feb. 20, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jomega/v4y1976i6p731-732.html [37] E. Triantaphyllou, “Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods,” Springer, Boston, MA, 2000, pp. 5–21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-3157-6_2. [38] E. Thanassoulis, “Data Envelopment Analysis and Its Use in Banking,” Interfaces (Providence)., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1–13, Jun. 1999, doi: 10.1287/inte.29.3.1. [39] A. Mardani, E. K. Zavadskas, K. Govindan, A. A. Senin, and A. Jusoh, “VIKOR technique: A systematic review of the state of the art literature on methodologies and applications,” Sustain., vol. 8, no. 1, 2016, doi: 10.3390/su8010037. [40] S. Erpolat Tasabat and D. Morais, “A novel multicriteria decision-making method based on distance, similarity, and correlation: DSC TOPSIS,” Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2019, 2019, doi: 10.1155/2019/9125754. [41] C. Bana e Costa, J.-M. De Corte, and J.-C. Vansnick, “Overview of MACBETH multicriteria decision analysis approach,” Int. J. Inf. Technol. Decis. Mak., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 359–387, 2003, [Online]. Available: http://m-macbeth.com/ [42] P. Hansen and F. Ombler, “A new method for scoring additive multi-attribute value models using pairwise rankings of alternatives,” J. Multi-Criteria Decis. Anal., vol. 15, no. 3–4, pp. 87–107, May 2008, doi: 10.1002/mcda.428. [43] T. L. Saaty, “Decision making — the Analytic Hierarchy and Network Processes (AHP/ANP),” J. Syst. Sci. Syst. Eng., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–35, 2004, doi: 10.1007/s11518-006-0151-5. [44] T. L. Saaty, “The Analytic Network Process,” in Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process, Springer US, 2006, pp. 1–26. doi: 10.1007/0-387-33987-6_1. [45] C. A. Bana E Costa, J.-M. De Corte, and J.-C. Vansnick, “MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique).” Accessed: Feb. 20, 2019. [Online]. Available: www.m-macbeth.com [46] H. S. Lee, G. H. Tzeng, W. Yeih, Y. J. Wang, and S. C. Yang, “Revised DEMATEL: Resolving the infeasibility of DEMATEL,” Appl. Math. Model., vol. 37, no. 10–11, pp. 6746–6757, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2013.01.016. [47] P. Hansen and F. Ombler, “A new method for scoring additive multi-attribute value models using pairwise rankings of alternatives,” J. Multi-Criteria Decis. Anal., vol. 15, no. 3–4, pp. 87–107, 2008, doi: 10.1002/mcda.428. [48] D. Von Winterfeldt and G. W. Fischer, “Multi-Attribute Utility Theory: Models and Assessment Procedures,” in Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1975, pp. 47–85. doi: 10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_3. [49] J. P. Brans and Y. De Smet, “PROMETHEE methods,” Int. Ser. Oper. Res. Manag. Sci., vol. 233, pp. 187–219, 2016, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3094-4_6. [50] J. R. Figueira, V. Mousseau, and B. Roy, “ELECTRE methods,” Int. Ser. Oper. Res. Manag. Sci., vol. 233, pp. 155–185, 2016, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3094-4_5. [51] A. Ishizaka and P. Nemery, Multi-criteria Decision Analysis: Methods and Software. Wiley, 2013. Accessed: Apr. 25, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=oluV7rT6DqIC&oi=fnd&pg=PP9&dq=Ishizaka+multicriteria+decision+analysis&ots=MNsdTsctaA&sig=oaYFEzfsh7lrHOsc1dE8BLyz1sY#v=onepage&q=Ishizaka multicriteria decision analysis&f=false [52] B. Roy, “The outranking approach and the foundations of electre methods,” Theory Decis., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 49–73, Jul. 1991, doi: 10.1007/BF00134132. [53] J. P. Brans, P. Vincke, and B. Mareschal, “How to select and how to rank projects: The Promethee method,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 228–238, Feb. 1986, doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(86)90044-5. [54] G. H. Tzeng and K. Y. Shen, New concepts and trends of hybrid multiple criteria decision making. CRC Press, 2017. doi: 10.1201/9781315166650. [55] C. Kahraman, S. C. Onar, and B. Oztaysi, “Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making: A Literature Review,” Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 637–666, 2015, doi: 10.1080/18756891.2015.1046325. [56] D. Read and G. Loewenstein, “Time and decision: introduction to the special issue,” J. Behav. Decis. Mak., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 141–144, 2000, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2<141::aid-bdm347>3.3.co;2-l. [57] D. Dragone, “Intertemporal decision-making: Economic and cognitive perspectives,” pp. 1–40, 2007. [58] S. Cruz Rambaud and A. M. Sánchez Pérez, “El efecto peanuts en la toma de decisiones intertemporales.,” Int. J. Dev. Educ. Psychol. Rev. INFAD Psicol., vol. 1, no. 2, p. 163, 2018, doi: 10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n2.v1.1118. [59] H. Levy and Z. Wiener, “Prospect theory and utility theory: Temporary versus permanent attitude toward risk,” J. Econ. Bus., vol. 68, pp. 1–23, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jeconbus.2013.01.002. [60] V. González-Prida, L. Barberá, P. Viveros, and A. Crespo, “Dynamic analytic hierarchy process: AHP method adapted to a changing environment,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 45, no. 31, pp. 25–29, 2012, doi: 10.3182/20121122-2-ES-4026.00005. [61] T. M. Rout and T. Walshe, “Accounting for Time Preference in Management Decisions : An Application to Invasive Species,” vol. 211, no. December 2012, pp. 197–211, 2013, doi: 10.1002/mcda. [62] S. Hossein, R. Hajiagha, and I. Meidut, “A new dynamic multi-attribute decision making method based on Markov chain and linear assignment,” pp. 159–191, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10479-022-04644-0. [63] A. Frini and S. Ben, “MUPOM : A multi-criteria multi-period outranking method for decision- making in sustainable development context,” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., vol. 76, no. September 2018, pp. 10–25, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2018.11.002. [64] B. S. C. Campello, L. T. Duarte, and J. M. T. Romano, “Dealing with multi-criteria decision analysis in time-evolving approach using a probabilistic prediction method,” Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., vol. 116, no. May, p. 105462, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105462. [65] J. D. Cryer and K.-S. Chan, Time Series With Applications in R. 2008. [66] G. Piraquive, M. Matamoros, E. Cespedes, and J. Rodríguez Chacón, “Actualización de la tasa de rendimiento del capital en Colombia bajo la metodología de Harberger,” Arch. Econ., vol. 487, p. 44, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52705 |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
v, 105 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Minas |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medellín, Colombia |
| dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83844/3/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83844/4/1047995737.2023.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83844/5/1047995737.2023.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a 93cb265ab0299bf8a200349d334137fe 8ba8ecf4e0f2548b962b4bd0aa0545aa |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814089905535451136 |
| spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Arango Aramburo, Santiago214c2102e45a3ac8004821f24543d086Jaramillo Alvarez, Gloria Patriciab7746c855dcabe714dff48f3e9721a4b600Ortiz Jiménez, Christian Rafaela9422a1b5d9cb99dbda68653f2daab6dCiencias de la DecisionJaramillo Álvarez, Gloria Patricia [0000-0001-9007-4326]2023-05-23T19:43:52Z2023-05-23T19:43:52Z2023-01-31https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83844Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, diagramasAlgunos problemas de priorización de alternativas deben considerar consecuencias respecto a criterios que se distribuyen a lo largo de un horizonte temporal. En este contexto intertemporal, la evaluación de las alternativas respecto a los criterios de priorización se convierte en un conjunto de series de tiempo que representan cómo se evolucionan las alternativas. Si bien el contexto dinámico puede afectar la priorización, los modelos tradicionales recomiendan una decisión tomando como referencia el valor actual de cada serie de tiempo y las preferencias de cada criterio. Aunque esta es una forma práctica de abordar un problema de decisión multicriterio intertemporal, y hacer uso de los métodos ya ampliamente desarrollados, deja de lado importantes singularidades de la distribución temporal de las alternativas respecto a los criterios. Para hacer frente a esta situación, en esta investigación se plantea un modelo de decisión multicriterio que evalúa de forma explícita las series de tiempo que describen cómo se comportan las alternativas respecto a los criterios de decisión. Este modelo tiene como propósito extender la priorización en contextos intertemporales más allá del criterio de valor actual, incluyendo atributos como la tendencia, variabilidad, acumulación en el tiempo, cumplimiento de valores mínimos y metas. Como parte de la investigación, se ilustra la propuesta con un caso hipotético y con un caso de real en donde se desea priorizar un conjunto de políticas de descarbonización del transporte terrestre urbano para el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá cuyos impactos se perciben entre los años 2023 y 2050, a partir del estudio realizado por Valencia [1]. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la priorización cambia cuando las alternativas tienen una estructura temporal diferenciadora. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Some prioritization problems for alternatives must consider consequences regarding criteria that are distributed over a temporal horizon. In this intertemporal context, the evaluation of alternatives with respect to prioritization criteria becomes a set of time series that represent how alternatives evolve. While the dynamic context may affect prioritization, traditional models recommend a decision based on the current value of each time series and the preferences for each criterion. Although this is a practical way to approach a multi-criteria intertemporal decision problem, and to make use of widely developed methods, it overlooks important singularities of the temporal distribution of alternatives with respect to criteria. To address this situation, this research proposes a multicriteria decision model that explicitly evaluates the time series that describe how alternatives behave with respect to decision criteria. This model aims to extend prioritization in intertemporal contexts beyond the current value criterion, including attributes such as trend, variability, accumulation over time, compliance with minimum values, and goals. As part of the research, the proposal is illustrated with a hypothetical case and a real case where a set of urban land transport decarbonization policies for the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley is prioritized, whose impacts are perceived between the years 2023 and 2050, based on the study conducted by Valencia [1]. The research results show that prioritization changes when alternatives have a differentiating temporal structure.MaestríaMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de SistemasInvestigación de OperacionesCiencias de la DecisiónÁrea Curricular de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informáticav, 105 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de SistemasFacultad de MinasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::003 - Sistemas620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería650 - Gerencia y servicios auxiliares::658 - Gerencia generalToma de decisionesDecision-makingPriorizaciónMulticriterioDecisiones intertemporalesMultiperiodoToma de decisionesPrioritizationMulticriteriaIntertemporal choiceMultiperiodDecision makingModelo de decisión intertemporal para la priorización de alternativas en problemas discretos considerando múltiples criteriosIntertemporal decision model for prioritizing alternatives in discrete problems considering multiple criteriaTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM[1] V. Valencia, “Opciones de descarbonización del transporte terrestre en ciudades de Colombia: escenarios a partir de un modelo de dinámica de sistemas,” Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, 2022.[2] A. Mardani, A. Jusoh, K. M. D. Nor, Z. Khalifah, N. Zakwan, and A. Valipour, “Multiple criteria decision-making techniques and their applications - A review of the literature from 2000 to 2014,” Econ. Res. Istraz. , vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 516–571, 2015, doi: 10.1080/1331677X.2015.1075139.[3] R. L. Keeney and H. Raiffa, “Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Trade-Offs,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 9, no. 7, p. 403, 1979, doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310245.[4] A. Bennet and D. Bennet, “The Decision-Making Process in a Complex Situation,” in Handbook on Decision Support Systems 1, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48713-5_1.[5] J. Krupa, D. Bridges, R. Hunter, D. Baker, G. Johnson, and K. Sorenson, “Guidebook to Decision-Making Methods Decision Making,” 2001.[6] V. Penadés-Plà, T. García-Segura, J. V. Martí, and V. Yepes, “A review of multi-criteria decision-making methods applied to the sustainable bridge design,” Sustain., vol. 8, no. 12, 2016, doi: 10.3390/su8121295.[7] Q. Dong and Y. Guo, “Multiperiod multiattribute decision-making method based on trend incentive coefficient,” vol. 20, pp. 141–152, 2013, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3995.2012.00853.x.[8] F. Klapproth, “Time and decision making in humans,” Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 509–524, 2008, doi: 10.3758/CABN.8.4.509.[9] A. Wong Boren, D. Martha Rodríguez, and D. C. Paula Villalpando, “Decisiones Intertemporales,” XII Congr. Anu. la Acad. Ciencias Adm. A.C., 2008, [Online]. Available: http://acacia.org.mx/busqueda/pdf/M07P41b.pdf[10] T. L. Saaty, “Time dependent decision-making; dynamic priorities in the AHP/ANP: Generalizing from points to functions and from real to complex variables,” Math. Comput. Model., vol. 46, no. 7–8, pp. 860–891, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.03.028.[11] P. C. G. Da Costa and D. M. Buede, “Dynamic decision making: A comparison of approaches,” J. Multi-Criteria Decis. Anal., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 243–262, 2000, doi: 10.1002/1099-1360(200011)9:6<243::AID-MCDA281>3.0.CO;2-Z.[12] G. Campanella and R. A. Ribeiro, “A framework for dynamic multiple-criteria decision making,” Decis. Support Syst., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 52–60, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2011.05.003.[13] Z. Xu, “On multi-period multi-attribute decision making,” vol. 21, pp. 164–171, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2007.05.007.[14] D. Read and G. Loewenstein, “Time and decision: introduction to the special issue,” J. Behav. Decis. Mak., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 141–144, 2002, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2<141::aid-bdm347>3.3.co;2-l.[15] A. Frini and S. Benamor, “Making Decisions in a Sustainable Development Context : A State-of-the-Art Survey and Proposal of a Multi-period Single Synthesizing Criterion Approach,” Comput. Econ., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 341–385, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10614-017-9677-5.[16] World Comission on Environment and Development, “The Brundtland Report.,” 1987.[17] G. Loewenstein and D. Prelec, “Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation,” Q. J. Econ., vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 573–597, 1992, doi: 10.2307/2118482.[18] P. H. M. P. Roelofsma, “Modelling intertemporal choices: An anomaly approach,” Acta Psychol. (Amst)., vol. 93, no. 1–3, pp. 5–22, 1996, doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(96)00023-6.[19] G. Loewe, “The Development of a Theory of Rational Intertemporal Choice,” Pap. Rev. Sociol., vol. 80, p. 195, 2006, doi: 10.5565/rev/papers/v80n0.1775.[20] A. Lazaro, R. Barberan, and E. Rubio, “The discounted utility model and social preferences: Some alternative formulations to conventional discounting,” J. Econ. Psychol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 317–337, 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00079-X.[21] S. Frederick, G. Loewenstein, and T. O’Donoghue, “Time discounting and time preference: A critical review,” Time Decis. Econ. Psychol. Perspect. Intertemporal Choice, vol. XL, no. June, pp. 13–86, 2003, doi: 10.1257/002205102320161311.[22] D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, “The Psychology of Preferences.pdf,” Sci. Am., pp. 160–173, 1982.[24] G. Loewe et al., “Intertemporal choice and the magnitude effect,” J. Econ. Theory, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.1037/xge0000198.[25] Department for Communities and Local Government, Multi-criteria analysis: a manual. 2009. Accessed: Apr. 23, 2021. [Online]. Available: www.communities.gov.ukcommunity,opportunity,prosperity[26] G. Montibeller and A. Franco, “Handbook of Multicriteria Analysis,” Handb. Multicriteria Anal., vol. 103, no. May 2016, pp. 25–44, 2010, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-92828-7.[27] V. Hongoh, A. Gatewood Hoen, C. Aenishaenslin, J.-P. Waaub, D. Bélanger, and P. Michel, “Spatially explicit multi-criteria decision analysis for managing vector-borne diseases,” 2011. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-10-70.[28] D. Ubfal, “How general are time preferences? Eliciting good-specific discount rates,” J. Dev. Econ., vol. 118, pp. 150–170, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.07.007.[29] M. Bystrzanowska and M. Tobiszewski, “How can analysts use multicriteria decision analysis?,” TrAC - Trends Anal. Chem., vol. 105, pp. 98–105, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.003.[30] A. Ishizaka and P. Nemery, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Methods and Software. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.[31] J. L. Ringuest, “Compromise Programming,” Multiobjective Optim. Behav. Comput. Considerations, pp. 51–59, 1992, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3612-3_4.[32] V. Podvezko, “The comparative analysis of MCDA methods SAW and COPRAS,” Eng. Econ., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 134–146, 2011, doi: 10.5755/j01.ee.22.2.310.[33] M. Velasquez and P. Hester, “An Analysis of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods,” Prog. Artif. Intell., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 315–322, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s13748-016-0093-1.[34] B. Muñoz Medina and M. Romana García, “Aplicación de métodos de decisión multicriterio discretos al análisis de alternativas en estudios informativos de infraestructuras de transporte,” Pensam. Matemático, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 27–45, 2016.[35] A. Kumar et al., “A review of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) towards sustainable renewable energy development,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 69, no. November 2016, pp. 596–609, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.191.[36] Flavell and RB, “A new goal programming formulation,” Omega, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 731–732, 1976, Accessed: Feb. 20, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jomega/v4y1976i6p731-732.html[37] E. Triantaphyllou, “Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods,” Springer, Boston, MA, 2000, pp. 5–21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-3157-6_2.[38] E. Thanassoulis, “Data Envelopment Analysis and Its Use in Banking,” Interfaces (Providence)., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1–13, Jun. 1999, doi: 10.1287/inte.29.3.1.[39] A. Mardani, E. K. Zavadskas, K. Govindan, A. A. Senin, and A. Jusoh, “VIKOR technique: A systematic review of the state of the art literature on methodologies and applications,” Sustain., vol. 8, no. 1, 2016, doi: 10.3390/su8010037.[40] S. Erpolat Tasabat and D. Morais, “A novel multicriteria decision-making method based on distance, similarity, and correlation: DSC TOPSIS,” Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2019, 2019, doi: 10.1155/2019/9125754.[41] C. Bana e Costa, J.-M. De Corte, and J.-C. Vansnick, “Overview of MACBETH multicriteria decision analysis approach,” Int. J. Inf. Technol. Decis. Mak., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 359–387, 2003, [Online]. Available: http://m-macbeth.com/[42] P. Hansen and F. Ombler, “A new method for scoring additive multi-attribute value models using pairwise rankings of alternatives,” J. Multi-Criteria Decis. Anal., vol. 15, no. 3–4, pp. 87–107, May 2008, doi: 10.1002/mcda.428.[43] T. L. Saaty, “Decision making — the Analytic Hierarchy and Network Processes (AHP/ANP),” J. Syst. Sci. Syst. Eng., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–35, 2004, doi: 10.1007/s11518-006-0151-5.[44] T. L. Saaty, “The Analytic Network Process,” in Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process, Springer US, 2006, pp. 1–26. doi: 10.1007/0-387-33987-6_1.[45] C. A. Bana E Costa, J.-M. De Corte, and J.-C. Vansnick, “MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique).” Accessed: Feb. 20, 2019. [Online]. Available: www.m-macbeth.com[46] H. S. Lee, G. H. Tzeng, W. Yeih, Y. J. Wang, and S. C. Yang, “Revised DEMATEL: Resolving the infeasibility of DEMATEL,” Appl. Math. Model., vol. 37, no. 10–11, pp. 6746–6757, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2013.01.016.[47] P. Hansen and F. Ombler, “A new method for scoring additive multi-attribute value models using pairwise rankings of alternatives,” J. Multi-Criteria Decis. Anal., vol. 15, no. 3–4, pp. 87–107, 2008, doi: 10.1002/mcda.428.[48] D. Von Winterfeldt and G. W. Fischer, “Multi-Attribute Utility Theory: Models and Assessment Procedures,” in Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1975, pp. 47–85. doi: 10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_3.[49] J. P. Brans and Y. De Smet, “PROMETHEE methods,” Int. Ser. Oper. Res. Manag. Sci., vol. 233, pp. 187–219, 2016, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3094-4_6.[50] J. R. Figueira, V. Mousseau, and B. Roy, “ELECTRE methods,” Int. Ser. Oper. Res. Manag. Sci., vol. 233, pp. 155–185, 2016, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3094-4_5.[51] A. Ishizaka and P. Nemery, Multi-criteria Decision Analysis: Methods and Software. Wiley, 2013. Accessed: Apr. 25, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=oluV7rT6DqIC&oi=fnd&pg=PP9&dq=Ishizaka+multicriteria+decision+analysis&ots=MNsdTsctaA&sig=oaYFEzfsh7lrHOsc1dE8BLyz1sY#v=onepage&q=Ishizaka multicriteria decision analysis&f=false[52] B. Roy, “The outranking approach and the foundations of electre methods,” Theory Decis., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 49–73, Jul. 1991, doi: 10.1007/BF00134132.[53] J. P. Brans, P. Vincke, and B. Mareschal, “How to select and how to rank projects: The Promethee method,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 228–238, Feb. 1986, doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(86)90044-5.[54] G. H. Tzeng and K. Y. Shen, New concepts and trends of hybrid multiple criteria decision making. CRC Press, 2017. doi: 10.1201/9781315166650.[55] C. Kahraman, S. C. Onar, and B. Oztaysi, “Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making: A Literature Review,” Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 637–666, 2015, doi: 10.1080/18756891.2015.1046325.[56] D. Read and G. Loewenstein, “Time and decision: introduction to the special issue,” J. Behav. Decis. Mak., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 141–144, 2000, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2<141::aid-bdm347>3.3.co;2-l.[57] D. Dragone, “Intertemporal decision-making: Economic and cognitive perspectives,” pp. 1–40, 2007.[58] S. Cruz Rambaud and A. M. Sánchez Pérez, “El efecto peanuts en la toma de decisiones intertemporales.,” Int. J. Dev. Educ. Psychol. Rev. INFAD Psicol., vol. 1, no. 2, p. 163, 2018, doi: 10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n2.v1.1118.[59] H. Levy and Z. Wiener, “Prospect theory and utility theory: Temporary versus permanent attitude toward risk,” J. Econ. Bus., vol. 68, pp. 1–23, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jeconbus.2013.01.002.[60] V. González-Prida, L. Barberá, P. Viveros, and A. Crespo, “Dynamic analytic hierarchy process: AHP method adapted to a changing environment,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 45, no. 31, pp. 25–29, 2012, doi: 10.3182/20121122-2-ES-4026.00005.[61] T. M. Rout and T. Walshe, “Accounting for Time Preference in Management Decisions : An Application to Invasive Species,” vol. 211, no. December 2012, pp. 197–211, 2013, doi: 10.1002/mcda.[62] S. Hossein, R. Hajiagha, and I. Meidut, “A new dynamic multi-attribute decision making method based on Markov chain and linear assignment,” pp. 159–191, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10479-022-04644-0.[63] A. Frini and S. Ben, “MUPOM : A multi-criteria multi-period outranking method for decision- making in sustainable development context,” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., vol. 76, no. September 2018, pp. 10–25, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2018.11.002.[64] B. S. C. Campello, L. T. Duarte, and J. M. T. Romano, “Dealing with multi-criteria decision analysis in time-evolving approach using a probabilistic prediction method,” Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., vol. 116, no. May, p. 105462, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105462.[65] J. D. Cryer and K.-S. Chan, Time Series With Applications in R. 2008.[66] G. Piraquive, M. Matamoros, E. Cespedes, and J. Rodríguez Chacón, “Actualización de la tasa de rendimiento del capital en Colombia bajo la metodología de Harberger,” Arch. Econ., vol. 487, p. 44, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52705InvestigadoresLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83844/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53ORIGINAL1047995737.2023.pdf1047995737.2023.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemasapplication/pdf1567228https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83844/4/1047995737.2023.pdf93cb265ab0299bf8a200349d334137feMD54THUMBNAIL1047995737.2023.pdf.jpg1047995737.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5250https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83844/5/1047995737.2023.pdf.jpg8ba8ecf4e0f2548b962b4bd0aa0545aaMD55unal/83844oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/838442024-08-07 23:10:30.697Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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 |