Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)

graficas, tablas

Autores:: Henao Ríos, José León

Tipo de recurso:: Doctoral thesis

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Repositorio:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Idioma:: eng

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network_acronym_str	UNACIONAL2
network_name_str	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv	Modelado y simulación de un esquema de modulación espacial adaptativa para la optimización del ancho de banda efectivo sobre luz visible (VLC), utilizando dispositivos de estado sólido para la iluminación (SSL)
title	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)
spellingShingle	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL) 600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas) OWC VLC LED Modulation PWM M-PPM Manchester WDM OFDM Spatial Multiplexing RGB Modulación Multiplexación espacial Tecnología de la comunicación Communication technology
title_short	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)
title_full	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)
title_fullStr	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)
title_sort	Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Henao Ríos, José León
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Guerrero González, Neil Garcia-Alvarez, Julio Cesar
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Henao Ríos, José León
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv	Propagación Electromagnética Aplicada (Propela)
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv	Henao Rios, Jose Leon [0000-0002-3119-9775]
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv	600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)
topic	600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas) OWC VLC LED Modulation PWM M-PPM Manchester WDM OFDM Spatial Multiplexing RGB Modulación Multiplexación espacial Tecnología de la comunicación Communication technology
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	OWC VLC LED Modulation PWM M-PPM Manchester WDM OFDM Spatial Multiplexing
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv	RGB
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Modulación Multiplexación espacial
dc.subject.unesco.none.fl_str_mv	Tecnología de la comunicación Communication technology
description	graficas, tablas
publishDate	2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-01-30T20:53:37Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-01-30T20:53:37Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Image Text
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83193
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83193 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
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spelling	Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Guerrero González, Neiladbdfbe0c5bcc346f665dd89ff80f8ce600Garcia-Alvarez, Julio Cesar1fd265c4e853f72c2b28d54725cdf05b600Henao Ríos, José Leónb6ce6b224fbfd0d7fc20f4d43d76eb82600Propagación Electromagnética Aplicada (Propela)Henao Rios, Jose Leon [0000-0002-3119-9775]2023-01-30T20:53:37Z2023-01-30T20:53:37Z2021https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83193Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/graficas, tablasThis thesis presents an investigation of the different formats and modulation methods used in Optical Wireless Communications (OWC), specifically in Visible Light Communications (VLC), using solid-state lighting devices (SSL). The final objective is to propose, model and validate an adaptive spatial (three-dimensional) modulation scheme that allows the optimization of the effective bandwidth through the use of power RGB LEDs. Initially, a taxonomy of the different technologies and possible uses of OWC communications is made in order to identify their functionalities and characteristics. From this classification, the challenges presented by visible light communications for indoor use also called VLC (which is within the OWC category), were identified, as well as the different modulation formats used in it. Once the above has been determined, a review of the state of the art for each of the identified challenges is made, and the contribution that was made to solve this particular challenge (if applicable) during the course of the Doctoral process and that made it possible to reach the proposed solution. In section 3, the underlying theory of LEDs is shown, which are a fundamental part of VLC systems. Based on the electrical model, the equations that allow characterizing relevant aspects such as electrical bandwidth, optical bandwidth, radiation patterns, and optical power are determined. Finally, the experimental characterization (laboratory measurements) of the RGB LED device used to implement the final proposal of this thesis is presented. Section 4 presents an overview of different baseband digital modulation formats used in VLC systems. Some of these formats allow lighting control by themselves, or in conjunction with techniques such as PWM or current injection (I-bias). In subsection 4.4, the work carried out during the development of this research process is exposed in detail using some modulation formats presented in the previous subsections and which allow solving the lighting control problem by keeping constant the transmission speed of data. The aforementioned works, achieved a constant transmission rate of $6$ Kbps using a codification that combines in the same bit frame PWM modulation for brightness control and M-PPM coding for the creation of data words, the transmitter was implemented with two 10W RGB LEDs located 0.9 meters from the receiver (Texas Instruments OPT101 photo-detector), and a range of illumination was obtained between 25% to 85% of the possible light power of the LED sources. Similarly, a second work implements a Differential Manchester-PWM hybrid differential encoding for data transmission and brightness control in a real-time system, the proposed digital modulation allows simultaneous control of brightness while maintaining data transmission with a constant rate of 50 Kbps using three 10 W white LEDs at a distance of 0.9 meters, and a brightness range between 10% and 90% of the maximum luminous flux of the LED sources. It should be noted that these proposed hybrid encodings are self-authored and to the best of our knowledge, had not been presented prior to publication and submission to IEEE Latin America and COLCOM 2020 respectively. Given the good results obtained in the previously presented works, we focused on optimizing the available bandwidth, taking into account that in an RGB LED, three transmission sources are available (one for each color) similar to the WDM technique (wavelength division multiplexing). In the first instance, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) multicarrier modulation was used and it was determined by means of simulations which were the most efficient coding schemes taking the Bit Error Rate (BER) as a reference. Next, it was explored which was the best way to segment the information in order to be transmitted through each of the available channels. It was determined that the data bit stream should be segmented into groups of 6 bits (4 M-QAM coded bits and 2 M-PAM coded bits) using the Spatial Multiplexing (SM) transmission scheme, generating a three-dimensional constellation and obtaining a speed of 27.3 Mbps through a 1.5 m VLC link (subsection 5.4.1) (Texto tomado de la fuente)Esta tesis presenta una investigación sobre los diferentes formatos y métodos de modulación usados en comunicaciones ópticas inalámbricas (OWC - Optical Wireless Communications), específicamente en las comunicaciones sobre luz visible (VLC - Visible Light Communications), utilizando dispositivos de estado sólido para iluminación (SSL). El objetivo final es proponer, modelar y validar un esquema de modulación espacial (tridimensional) adaptativo, que permita la optimización del ancho de banda efectivo mediante el uso de LED’s RGB de potencia. Inicialmente, se hace una taxonomía de las diferentes tecnologías y posibles usos de las comunicaciones OWC con el fin de identificar sus funcionalidades y características. A partir de esta clasificación, se identificaron los desafíos que presentan las comunicaciones por luz visible para uso en interiores también denominada VLC (la cual se encuentra dentro de la categoría OWC), así como también los diferentes formatos de modulación usados en ella. Una vez se ha determinado lo anterior, se hace una revisión sobre el estado del arte para cada uno de los desafíos identificados, y se indica la contribución que se realizó para resolver ese reto en particular (si es del caso) durante el transcurso del proceso Doctoral y que permitieron llegar a la solución propuesta. En la siguiente sección se presenta la teoría subyacente a los LED, los cuales son parte fundamental de los sistemas VLC. En esta, a partir del modelo eléctrico, se determinan las ecuaciones que permiten caracterizar aspectos relevantes tales como como el ancho de banda eléctrica, ancho de banda óptico, patrones de radiación y potencia óptica. Al finalizar, se presenta la caracterización experimental (medidas tomadas en laboratorio) del dispositivo LED RGB usado para implementar la propuesta final de esta tesis. A continuación, se muestra una descripción general de diferentes formatos de modulación digital en banda base usados en los sistemas VLC. Algunos de estos formatos permiten el control de iluminación por si solos, en unión con técnicas tales como PWM o inyección de corriente (I-bias). En la subsección 4.4, se exponen de manera detallada los trabajos realizados durante el desarrollo de este proceso de investigación usando algunos formatos de modulación presentados en las subsecciones anteriores, los cuales permiten dar solución al problema del control de iluminación manteniendo constante la velocidad de transmisión de datos. Los trabajos mencionados anteriormente, lograron una velocidad de transmisión constante de 6 Kbps usando una codificación que combina en una misma trama de bits la modulación PWM para control de brillo y la codificación M-PPM para la creación de palabras de datos, el transmisor se implementó con dos LEDs RGB de 10 W ubicados a 0.9 metros del receptor (foto-detector OPT101 de Texas Instruments), y se obtuvo un rango de iluminación entre 25% al 85% de la potencia luminosa posible de las fuentes LED. De igual forma, un segundo trabajo implementa una codificación diferencial híbrida Manchester-PWM para la transmisión de datos y el control de luminosidad en un sistema en tiempo real, la modulación digital propuesta permite el control simultáneo de la luminosidad manteniendo la transmisión de datos con una velocidad constante de 50 Kbps utilizando tres LED’s blancos de 10 W a una distancia de 0.9 metros, y un rango de luminosidad entre el 10% y el 90% del flujo luminoso máximo de las fuentes LED. Cabe anotar que estas codificaciones hibridas propuestas, son de autoría propia y según nuestro mejor conocimiento, no habían sido presentadas antes de la publicación y presentación en la revista IEEE Latinoamérica y COLCOM 2020 respectivamente. Dados los buenos resultados obtenidos en los trabajos presentados anteriormente, nos enfocamos en optimizar el ancho de banda disponible, teniendo en cuenta que en un LED RGB, se tienen disponibles tres fuentes de transmisión (una por cada color) similar a la técnica WDM (multiplicación por división de longitud de onda). En una primera instancia, se hizo uso de la modulación multiportadora OFDM (Multiplexación por División de Frecuencias Ortogonales) y se determinó por medio de simulaciones cuáles eran los esquemas de codificación más eficientes, teniendo como referencia tasa de error de bit (BER). A continuación, se exploró cual era la mejor forma de segmentar la información con el fin de ser transmitida por cada uno de los canales disponibles, se determinó que el flujo de bits de datos debía ser segmentado en grupos de 6 bits (4 bits codificados M-QAM y 2 bits codificados M-PAM) usando en esquema de transmisión por Multiplexación Espacial (SM) generando una constelación tridimensional obteniendo una velocidad de 27.3 Mbps a través de un enlace VLC de 1.5 m (subsección 5.4.1).Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza CadavidDoctoradoDoctor en Ingeniería - Ingeniería AutomáticaComunicaciones Opticas Inalambricas.Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automatización Y Telecomunicacionesxxiii, 108 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaManizales - Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Doctorado en Ingeniería - AutomáticaFacultad de Ingeniería y ArquitecturaManizales, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)OWCVLCLEDModulationPWMM-PPMManchesterWDMOFDMSpatial MultiplexingRGBModulaciónMultiplexación espacialTecnología de la comunicaciónCommunication technologyModeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)Modelado y simulación de un esquema de modulación espacial adaptativa para la optimización del ancho de banda efectivo sobre luz visible (VLC), utilizando dispositivos de estado sólido para la iluminación (SSL)Trabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06ImageTextCISCO. (2020, Mar.) Cisco annual internet report (2018ˆa€“2023) white paper. [Online]. Available: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/executive-perspectives/annual-internet-report/white-paper-c11-741490.htmlH. Haas, L. Yin, C. Chen, S. Videv, D. Parol, E. Poves, H. Alshaer, and M. S. Islim, “Introduction to indoor networking concepts and challenges in lifi,” Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. A190–A203, 2020.F. Delgado, I. Quintana, J. Rufo, J. Rabadan, C. Quintana, and R. Perez-Jimenez, “Design and implementation of an ethernet-vlc interface for broadcast transmissions,” IEEE Communications letters, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1089–1091, 2010.C.-H. Yeh, Y.-L. Liu, and C.-W. Chow, “Real-time white-light phosphor-led visible light communication (vlc) with compact size,” Optics express, vol. 21, no. 22, pp. 26 192–26 197, 2013.X. Huang, J. Shi, J. Li, Y. Wang, and N. 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Haas, “Study, analysis and application of optical ofdm, single carrier (sc) and mimo in intensity modulation direct detection (im/dd),” 2013.BibliotecariosEstudiantesInvestigadoresMaestrosPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83193/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53ORIGINAL79383020.2022.pdf79383020.2022.pdfTesis de Doctorado en Ingeniería - Automáticaapplication/pdf12497625https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83193/4/79383020.2022.pdf3fd6958bf0e099922f4ef3006a325285MD54THUMBNAIL79383020.2022.pdf.jpg79383020.2022.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5804https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83193/5/79383020.2022.pdf.jpga81b3e1e0acd234488c3d087d2010b2bMD55unal/83193oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/831932023-08-13 23:04:03.059Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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Modeling and simulation of an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for optimization of effective bandwidth in communications over visible light (VLC), using solid state devices for lighting (SSL)

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