Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia

Ilustraciones

Autores:: Navarro Quintero, Carlos Eduardo

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Repositorio:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Urea and ammonia for transport and use of green hydrogen in Colombia
title	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia
spellingShingle	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines Haber Bosch Bosch Meiser Hidrógeno verde Amoniaco Verde Urea verde portador de hidrógeno celda de combustible electrolisis Green Hydrogen Green Ammonia Green Urea Haber Bosch Bosch Meiser hydrogen carrier fuel cell electrolysis Hidrógeno verde Amoniaco
title_short	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia
title_full	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia
title_fullStr	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia
title_full_unstemmed	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia
title_sort	Urea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en Colombia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Navarro Quintero, Carlos Eduardo
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Espinosa Oviedo, Jairo José
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Navarro Quintero, Carlos Eduardo
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv	Grupo de Automática de la Universidad Nacional, GAUNAL
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv	620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
topic	620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines Haber Bosch Bosch Meiser Hidrógeno verde Amoniaco Verde Urea verde portador de hidrógeno celda de combustible electrolisis Green Hydrogen Green Ammonia Green Urea Haber Bosch Bosch Meiser hydrogen carrier fuel cell electrolysis Hidrógeno verde Amoniaco
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Haber Bosch Bosch Meiser Hidrógeno verde Amoniaco Verde Urea verde portador de hidrógeno celda de combustible electrolisis
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Green Hydrogen Green Ammonia Green Urea Haber Bosch Bosch Meiser hydrogen carrier fuel cell electrolysis
dc.subject.wikidata.none.fl_str_mv	Hidrógeno verde Amoniaco
description	Ilustraciones
publishDate	2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2024-01-15T19:55:43Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2024-01-15T19:55:43Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85295
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85295 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
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Massardo, “Clean hydrogen and ammonia synthesis in paraguay from the Itaipu 14 GW hydroelectric plant,” ChemEngineering, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1–11, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.3390/chemengineering3040087. “Fuel ammonia supply cost analysis (Interim report) Fuel ammonia supply chain publicprivate task force,” 2022. Ammonia : zero-carbon fertiliser, fuel and energy store “Fuel production cost estimates and assumptions.” S. Y. Lee, J.-H. Ryu, and I.-B. Lee, “A PRELIMINARY TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POWER TO AMMNONIA PROCESSES USING ALKALINE ELECTROLYSIS AND AIR SEPARATION UNIT,” 2019. W. C. Leighty, “Alternatives to Electricity for Transmission and Annual-scale Firming Storage for Diverse, Stranded, Renewable Energy Resources: Hydrogen and Ammonia.” A. Castañeda, A. Sofía, G. Diego, M. Castrillón, and J. C. Farfán, “Cartagena como centro industrial de hidrógeno bajo en carbono,” 2022. “Working_Paper_Costo_de_Transporte_vf” Ammonia : zero-carbon fertiliser, fuel and energy store. W. C. Leighty, “Alternatives to Electricity for Transmission and Annual-scale Firming Storage for Diverse, Stranded, Renewable Energy Resources: Hydrogen and Ammonia.” H. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Van herle, F. Maréchal, and U. Desideri, “Techno-economic comparison of 100% renewable urea production processes,” Appl Energy, vol. 284, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116401. C. Fernando and W. W. Purwanto, “Techno-economic analysis of a small-scale power-togreen urea plant,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing Ltd, Apr. 2021. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012010 “TFG_JOSE_MANUEL_PERALES_FERNANDEZ”. “INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA E INDUSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS TESIS EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICA Y ECONÓMICA PARA LA FABRICACIÓN DE LA UREA EN MÉXICO.” pidjoe, “The Future of Hydrogen.” R. E. Beu and S. Transporte, “Primer balance de Energía Útil para Colombia y Cuantificación de las Perdidas energéticas relacionadas y la brecha de eficiencia energética.” Y. Rizi, H. Ali, and D. Shin, “Process of Converting Ammonia to Hydrogen.”
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spelling	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Espinosa Oviedo, Jairo Joséad115e960b2989299b2018dae59e6ec2Navarro Quintero, Carlos Eduardof53a31089f73a346c298f549e45d46e6Grupo de Automática de la Universidad Nacional, GAUNAL2024-01-15T19:55:43Z2024-01-15T19:55:43Z2023https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85295Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/IlustracionesCon la integración de las energías renovables no convencionales al proceso de electrolisis para la obtención de hidrógeno a partir del agua, los costos de producción de este potencial vector energético se han logrado disminuir, proyectando precios competitivos a un mediano plazo frente al hidrógeno “negro”, hidrógeno “gris” e hidrógeno “azul”, producidos a partir del carbón, del gas natural y de combustibles fósiles con sistemas de captura de carbono, correspondientemente, los cuales son los más utilizados en los procesos de obtención de H2 actualmente. El hidrógeno se ha visualizado como un elemento clave no solo para dar un alto a la contaminación, sino para iniciar un proceso de descarbonización, descentralización y democratización de los actuales sistemas energéticos. Esto ha llevado a que se sueñe con una sociedad sostenible basada en hidrógeno, cuyo objetivo es reducir la dependencia a los combustibles fósiles [1] y compuestos químicos contaminantes en sectores como el eléctrico, el transporte, el agrícola, entre otros. Uno de los retos que tiene el hidrógeno verde es resolver su alto costo de almacenamiento y transporte, buscando así ser más competitivo frente a los tipos de hidrógeno convencionales, los cuales son producidos en grandes cantidades directamente en el sitio de consumo. Para esto, se han evaluado diferentes alternativas como hidruros metálicos y compuestos químicos, de los cuales resalta el amoniaco como una solución prometedora. La urea, al ser un derivado del amoniaco, ser transportado de manera muy fácil y tener un amplio uso actualmente en el sector agrícola, se postula también como una solución frente a la problemática antes expuesta. Este trabajo final de maestría compara técnica y financieramente el transporte de hidrógeno puro frente al amoniaco y la urea, realizando un contexto inicial de las características fisicoquímicas de los compuestos propuestos como portadores de hidrogeno, sus usos, su mercado nacional e internacional actual y las maneras como son transportados, incluyendo costos, recomendaciones y restricciones. Además, se presentan los métodos de producción presentes en el mercado y los que aún se encuentran en investigación para la obtención de ambos compuestos, con el fin de tomar el proceso con mayor madurez tecnológica y proyectar una planta de amoniaco de 160 toneladas por día y una planta de urea de 392,82 toneladas por día en el departamento de La Guajira. Con lo anterior y apoyado de estudios previos similares, se hace una estimación financiera para encontrar el costo nivelado el amoniaco y la urea producido en Colombia, considerando una vida útil de la planta de 25 años. También se mencionan los procesos para el uso directo de los portadores de hidrógeno como materia prima de motores de combustión, turbinas de gas y celdas de combustible, junto con los métodos de reconversión para recuperar nuevamente el hidrógeno después de ser transportado al lugar de destino. Por último, recopilada toda la información, se hace el comparativo para encontrar la forma de transporte y almacenamiento de hidrógeno más adecuada, con un caso de estudio que consiste en trasladarlo desde La Guajira hasta la ciudad de Medellín. Se analizan tres opciones en destino: 1. Costo del Hidrógeno, amoniaco y urea sin sufrir ninguna transformación y antes de cualquier uso. 2. Costo del hidrógeno y sus portadores después de utilizarse como materia prima en motores de combustión y celdas de combustible. 3. Costo del hidrógeno al recuperarse del amoniaco y la urea. (texto tomado de la fuente)With the integration of non-conventional renewable energies into the electrolysis process for obtaining hydrogen from water, the production costs of this potential energy vector have been reduced, projecting competitive prices in the medium term compared to "black" hydrogen, "gray" hydrogen and "blue" hydrogen, produced from coal, natural gas, and fossil fuels with carbon capture systems, correspondingly, which are currently the most used in the processes of obtaining H2. Hydrogen has been seen as a key element to stop pollution and initiate decarbonization, decentralization, and democratization of current energy systems. This has led to the dream of a sustainable society based on hydrogen, which aims to reduce dependence on fossil fuels [1] and polluting chemical compounds in sectors such as electricity, transportation, and agriculture. One of the challenges of green hydrogen is to solve its high storage and transportation cost, seeking to be more competitive with conventional types of hydrogen, which are produced in large quantities directly at the site of consumption. For this purpose, different alternatives have been evaluated, such as metal hydrides and chemical compounds, of which ammonia stands out as a promising solution. Urea, being a derivative of ammonia, being easily transported and having wide use in the agricultural sector, is also postulated as a solution to the above-mentioned problems. This thesis compares technically and financially the transport of pure hydrogen versus ammonia and urea, making an initial context of the physicochemical characteristics of the compounds proposed as hydrogen carriers, their uses, their current national and international market, and how they are transported, including costs, recommendations, and restrictions. In addition, the production methods present in the market and those that are still under research for obtaining both compounds are presented, to take the process with greater technological maturity and project an ammonia plant of 160 tons per day and a urea plant of 392.82 tons per day in the department of La Guajira. With the above and supported by similar previous studies, a financial estimate is made to find the levelized cost of ammonia and urea, considering a useful life of the plant of 25 years. The processes for the direct use of hydrogen carriers as raw material for combustion engines, gas turbines, and fuel cells are also mentioned, together with the conversion methods to recover the hydrogen again after being transported to the destination site. Finally, once all the information has been compiled, a comparison is made to find the most appropriate way of transporting and storing hydrogen, with a case study that consists of transporting it from La Guajira to the city of Medellin. Three destination options are analyzed: 1. Cost of Hydrogen, ammonia and urea without undergoing any transformation and before any use. 2. Cost of hydrogen and its carriers after being used as raw material in combustion engines and fuel cells. 3. Cost of hydrogen when recovered from ammonia and urea.MaestríaMaestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería EléctricaCalidad de la Energía, Electrónica de Potencia y Fuentes Alternas de EnergíaÁrea Curricular de Ingeniería Eléctrica e Ingeniería de Control81 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería EléctricaFacultad de MinasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afinesHaber BoschBosch MeiserHidrógeno verdeAmoniaco VerdeUrea verdeportador de hidrógenocelda de combustibleelectrolisisGreen HydrogenGreen AmmoniaGreen UreaHaber BoschBosch Meiserhydrogen carrierfuel cellelectrolysisHidrógeno verdeAmoniacoUrea y amoniaco para el transporte y uso del hidrógeno verde en ColombiaUrea and ammonia for transport and use of green hydrogen in ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMU. 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Transporte, “Primer balance de Energía Útil para Colombia y Cuantificación de las Perdidas energéticas relacionadas y la brecha de eficiencia energética.”Y. Rizi, H. Ali, and D. Shin, “Process of Converting Ammonia to Hydrogen.”Público generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85295/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1098775727.2023.pdf1098775727.2023.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ingeniería Eléctricaapplication/pdf2386048https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85295/2/1098775727.2023.pdfc184ec0943ef6404d0e92110e09d99deMD52THUMBNAIL1098775727.2023.pdf.jpg1098775727.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4376https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85295/3/1098775727.2023.pdf.jpgaaa44fb92b94c14240d936324bce7535MD53unal/85295oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/852952024-01-15 23:03:56.234Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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