Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión

ilustraciones, diagramas, tablas

Autores:
Arias Gaviria, Jose Manuel
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81736
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81736
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
Sistema eléctrico de potencia
Cambiadores de tomas
Compensaciones reactivas
Estabilidad de tensión
Margen de carga
Sistemas de potencia
Tap Changer
Reactive Compensators
Voltage Stability
Load Margin
Power systems
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_db7a13537e7593f127a7c05b909a6e17
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81736
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Combination of actions between tap changers and reactive compensators in emergency situations close to voltage collapse
title Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
spellingShingle Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
Sistema eléctrico de potencia
Cambiadores de tomas
Compensaciones reactivas
Estabilidad de tensión
Margen de carga
Sistemas de potencia
Tap Changer
Reactive Compensators
Voltage Stability
Load Margin
Power systems
title_short Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
title_full Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
title_fullStr Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
title_full_unstemmed Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
title_sort Combinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensión
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Arias Gaviria, Jose Manuel
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Candelo Becerra, John Edwin
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Arias Gaviria, Jose Manuel
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
topic 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
Sistema eléctrico de potencia
Cambiadores de tomas
Compensaciones reactivas
Estabilidad de tensión
Margen de carga
Sistemas de potencia
Tap Changer
Reactive Compensators
Voltage Stability
Load Margin
Power systems
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv Sistema eléctrico de potencia
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Cambiadores de tomas
Compensaciones reactivas
Estabilidad de tensión
Margen de carga
Sistemas de potencia
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Tap Changer
Reactive Compensators
Voltage Stability
Load Margin
Power systems
description ilustraciones, diagramas, tablas
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-25T14:53:59Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-25T14:53:59Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-05-06
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81736
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81736
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv B. Bhattacharyya, S. Rani, R. I. Vais, and I. P. Bharti, “GA based optimal planning of VAR sources using Fast Voltage Stability Index method,” Archives of Electrical Engineering, The Journal of Polish Academy of Sciences, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 789–802, 2016, doi: 10.1515/aee-2016-0055
“Definition and Classification of Power System Stability IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1387–1401, Aug. 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981
M. G. Halacli and A. Demiroren, “Robust Voltage/VAR Control Using PSO Based STATCOM: A Case Study in Turkey,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 44, no. 8, 2016, doi: 10.1080/15325008.2016.1140849
Y. Choi, B. Lee, and T. Kim, “Optimal Shunt Compensation for Improving Voltage Stability and Transfer Capability in Metropolitan Area of the Korean Power System,” Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1502–1507, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.5370/JEET.2015.10.4.1502
Y.-Y. Hong and H.-Y. Wang, “Investigation of the voltage stability region involving on-load tap changers,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 45–54, Jan. 1995, doi: 10.1016/0378-7796(94)00894-A
M. D. Maram and N. Amjady, “Event-based remedial action scheme against super-component contingencies to avert frequency and voltage instabilities,” IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 8, no. 9, 2014, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0780
K. Tomsovic and V. Venkatasubramanian, “Introduction,” in Power System Analysis, Pullman, WA: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University. doi: 10.1016/B978-012170960-0/50056-6
T. Cutsem and C. Vournas, Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-75536-6
G. Zhang, “EPRI Power System Dynamics Tutorial,” Electric Power Research Institute, pp. 1–1010, 2009
Hi. Ohtsuki, A. Yokoyama, and Y. Sekine, “Reverse Action Of On-Load Tap Changer In Association With Voltage Collapse,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 300–306, 1991, doi: 10.1109/59.131076
W. H. (William H. Hayt, J. E. (Jack E. Kemmerly, and S. M. Durbin, “Engineering circuit analysis,” p. 856, 2006
Z. Jia and B. Jeyasurya, “Contingency ranking for on-line voltage stability assessment,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1093–1097, 2000, doi: 10.1109/59.871738
F. Capitanescu and T. van Cutsem, “Unified sensitivity analysis of unstable or low voltages caused by load increases or contingencies,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 321–329, 2005, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.841243
C. Vournas and M. Karystianos, “Load Tap Changers in Emergency and Preventive Voltage Stability Control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 492–498, Feb. 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.818728
D. Marujo, A. C. Zambroni de Souza, B. I. L. Lopes, M. v. Santos, and K. L. Lo, “On Control Actions Effects by Using QV Curves,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1298–1305, May 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2340131
N. Yorino, M. Danyoshi, and M. Kitagawa, “Interaction among multiple controls in tap change under load transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 430–436, 1997, doi: 10.1109/59.575757
F. Capitanescu, B. Otomega, H. Lefebvre, V. Sermanson, and T. van Cutsem, “Decentralized tap changer blocking and load shedding against voltage instability: Prospective tests on the RTE system,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 570–576, Oct. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.03.025
A. C. Zambroni de Souza, L. M. Honório, G. L. Torres, and G. Lambert-Torres, “Increasing the Loadability of Power Systems Through Optimal-Local-Control Actions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 188–194, 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.818602
Y. Amrane, M. Boudour, A. Elmaouhab, and A. A. Ladjici, “Optimal VAR control for real power loss minimization using differential evolution algorithm,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 66, pp. 262–271, 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.IJEPES.2014.10.018
Q. Wu, D. H. Popović, D. J. Hill, and C. J. Parker, “Voltage security enhancement via coordinated control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 127–135, 2001, doi: 10.1109/59.910790
J. Y. Wen, Q. H. Wu, S. Member, D. R. Turner, S. J. Cheng, and J. Fitch, “Optimal Coordinated Voltage Control for Power System Voltage Stability,” Power, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1115–1122, 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825897
C. L. DeMarco, “A new method of constructing Lyapunov functions for power systems,” in 1988., IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1988, pp. 905–908. doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.1988.15070
T. Nagao, K. Tanaka, and K. Takenaka, “Development of static and simulation programs for voltage stability studies of bulk power system,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 273–281, 1997, doi: 10.1109/59.574948
N. Yorino, S. Harada, and Haozhong Cheng, “A method to approximate a closest loadability limit using multiple load flow solutions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 424–429, 1997, doi: 10.1109/59.575754
T. J. Overbye and C. L. de Marco, “Voltage security enhancement using energy based sensitivities,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1196–1202, 1991, doi: 10.1109/59.119266
J. Modarresi, E. Gholipour, and A. Khodabakhshian, “A comprehensive review of the voltage stability indices,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 63, pp. 1–12, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.010
M. Cupelli, C. Doig Cardet, and A. Monti, “Comparison of line voltage stability indices using dynamic real time simulation,” in 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), Oct. 2012, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2012.6465625
N. A. M. Ismail, A. A. M. Zin, A. Khairuddin, and S. Khokhar, “A comparison of voltage stability indices,” in 2014 IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014), Mar. 2014, pp. 30–34. doi: 10.1109/PEOCO.2014.6814394
C. Reis and F. P. Maciel Barbosa, “A Comparison of Voltage Stability Indices,” pp. 1007–1010, 2006
F. Karbalaei, H. Soleymani, and S. Afsharnia, “A comparison of voltage collapse proximity indicators,” in 2010 Conference Proceedings IPEC, Oct. 2010, pp. 429–432. doi: 10.1109/IPECON.2010.5697034
Z. J. Lim, M. W. Mustafa, and Z. bt Muda, “Evaluation of the effectiveness of voltage stability indices on different loadings,” in 2012 IEEE International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference, Jun. 2012, pp. 543–547. doi: 10.1109/PEOCO.2012.6230925
J. Zhao, Y. Yang, and Z. Gao, “A review on on-line voltage stability monitoring indices and methods based on local phasor measurement,” Dianli Xitong Zidonghua/Automation of Electric Power Systems, vol. 34, pp. 1–6, Oct. 2010
R. Seydel, Practical Bifurcation and Stability Analysis, vol. 5. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1740-9
DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2021, “https://www.digsilent.de/en/powerfactory.html,” 2021
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv xviii, 174 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Eléctrica
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Automática
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Minas
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81736/1/1035230129.2022.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81736/2/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81736/3/1035230129.2022.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 9e953d93acb663e6f52af6bac79dfa50
8153f7789df02f0a4c9e079953658ab2
f5b080accdf42ab50f8bdedef17d2cd7
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1806886477322256384
spelling Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Candelo Becerra, John Edwinbf134c76c509b4c08e75144d67983d4e600Arias Gaviria, Jose Manuel4852e190e242a5afd914da78022ab7742022-07-25T14:53:59Z2022-07-25T14:53:59Z2022-05-06https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81736Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, diagramas, tablasLa estabilidad de tensión en los sistemas de potencia es una temática que en la actualidad sigue siendo objeto de investigación. Los colapsos de tensión generan grandes pérdidas económicas y sociales. Para evitarlos, el operador dispone de diversas acciones de control que mejoran la estabilidad. En ocasiones, se hace necesario la aplicación de dos acciones de manera combinada en situaciones críticas de la red para restaurar los valores de tensión. Aunque en la literatura se ha investigado el uso de acciones de forma individual y también de forma combinada, poco se ha estudiado sobre la combinación de cambiadores de tomas de transformadores y compensaciones reactivas. En este trabajo, se propone un automatismo que combina de manera coordinada estas dos acciones y toma decisiones con base en indicadores tales como el margen de carga. El automatismo se implementa en los sistemas de potencia IEEE 14 nodos y 39 nodos con escenarios críticos. Para validar su desempeño se evalúan las acciones de manera individual y combinada para comparar ambas opciones. Los resultados evidencian que el uso de acciones individuales no es suficiente en algunos casos para recuperar una adecuada operación de la red, mientras que las acciones combinadas son capaces de lograrlo, obteniéndose además, mejoras de hasta 18% del margen de carga, en comparación con el 4% encontrado en la literatura. Ambas acciones tienen la ventaja de brindarle autonomía al operador para mejorar la estabilidad sin depender de la colaboración de terceros, además de que son más económicas comparadas con las demás. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Voltage stability in power systems is a topic that currently keeps being investigated. Voltage collapses generate big economic and social losses. To avoid them, the network operator counts on diverse control actions which improve the stability. Sometimes, it’s necessary the application of two combined actions in network’s critical situations to recover voltages. Though the use of individual and combined actions has been researched in literature, the combination of transformers’ tap changers and reactive compensators has been researched by few people. On this document, an automatism is proposed, which combines these two actions and makes decisions based on indicators such as load margin. The automatism is implemented on the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 39-bus power systems with critical scenarios. To validate its performance, the control actions are evaluated individually and then are combined in order to compare both options. The results show that sometimes the use of individual actions is not enough to recover the suitable network’s operation, however, combined actions are enough, and also, improve the load margin up to 18%, compared to 4% found in literature. Both actions have the advantage to give the operator autonomy to improve the stability without depending on generator agents. Furthermore, these control actions are more economic compared to the rest.MaestríaMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería EléctricaEstabilidad de tensión en sistemas de potenciaÁrea Curricular de Ingeniería Eléctrica e Ingeniería de Controlxviii, 174 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería EléctricaDepartamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y AutomáticaFacultad de MinasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingenieríaSistema eléctrico de potenciaCambiadores de tomasCompensaciones reactivasEstabilidad de tensiónMargen de cargaSistemas de potenciaTap ChangerReactive CompensatorsVoltage StabilityLoad MarginPower systemsCombinación de acciones entre cambiadores de tomas y compensaciones reactivas en situaciones de emergencia cercanas al colapso de tensiónCombination of actions between tap changers and reactive compensators in emergency situations close to voltage collapseTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMB. Bhattacharyya, S. Rani, R. I. Vais, and I. P. Bharti, “GA based optimal planning of VAR sources using Fast Voltage Stability Index method,” Archives of Electrical Engineering, The Journal of Polish Academy of Sciences, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 789–802, 2016, doi: 10.1515/aee-2016-0055“Definition and Classification of Power System Stability IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1387–1401, Aug. 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825981M. G. Halacli and A. Demiroren, “Robust Voltage/VAR Control Using PSO Based STATCOM: A Case Study in Turkey,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 44, no. 8, 2016, doi: 10.1080/15325008.2016.1140849Y. Choi, B. Lee, and T. Kim, “Optimal Shunt Compensation for Improving Voltage Stability and Transfer Capability in Metropolitan Area of the Korean Power System,” Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1502–1507, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.5370/JEET.2015.10.4.1502Y.-Y. Hong and H.-Y. Wang, “Investigation of the voltage stability region involving on-load tap changers,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 45–54, Jan. 1995, doi: 10.1016/0378-7796(94)00894-AM. D. Maram and N. Amjady, “Event-based remedial action scheme against super-component contingencies to avert frequency and voltage instabilities,” IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 8, no. 9, 2014, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0780K. Tomsovic and V. Venkatasubramanian, “Introduction,” in Power System Analysis, Pullman, WA: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University. doi: 10.1016/B978-012170960-0/50056-6T. Cutsem and C. Vournas, Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-75536-6G. Zhang, “EPRI Power System Dynamics Tutorial,” Electric Power Research Institute, pp. 1–1010, 2009Hi. Ohtsuki, A. Yokoyama, and Y. Sekine, “Reverse Action Of On-Load Tap Changer In Association With Voltage Collapse,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 300–306, 1991, doi: 10.1109/59.131076W. H. (William H. Hayt, J. E. (Jack E. Kemmerly, and S. M. Durbin, “Engineering circuit analysis,” p. 856, 2006Z. Jia and B. Jeyasurya, “Contingency ranking for on-line voltage stability assessment,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1093–1097, 2000, doi: 10.1109/59.871738F. Capitanescu and T. van Cutsem, “Unified sensitivity analysis of unstable or low voltages caused by load increases or contingencies,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 321–329, 2005, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.841243C. Vournas and M. Karystianos, “Load Tap Changers in Emergency and Preventive Voltage Stability Control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 492–498, Feb. 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.818728D. Marujo, A. C. Zambroni de Souza, B. I. L. Lopes, M. v. Santos, and K. L. Lo, “On Control Actions Effects by Using QV Curves,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1298–1305, May 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2340131N. Yorino, M. Danyoshi, and M. Kitagawa, “Interaction among multiple controls in tap change under load transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 430–436, 1997, doi: 10.1109/59.575757F. Capitanescu, B. Otomega, H. Lefebvre, V. Sermanson, and T. van Cutsem, “Decentralized tap changer blocking and load shedding against voltage instability: Prospective tests on the RTE system,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 570–576, Oct. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.03.025A. C. Zambroni de Souza, L. M. Honório, G. L. Torres, and G. Lambert-Torres, “Increasing the Loadability of Power Systems Through Optimal-Local-Control Actions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 188–194, 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.818602Y. Amrane, M. Boudour, A. Elmaouhab, and A. A. Ladjici, “Optimal VAR control for real power loss minimization using differential evolution algorithm,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 66, pp. 262–271, 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.IJEPES.2014.10.018Q. Wu, D. H. Popović, D. J. Hill, and C. J. Parker, “Voltage security enhancement via coordinated control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 127–135, 2001, doi: 10.1109/59.910790J. Y. Wen, Q. H. Wu, S. Member, D. R. Turner, S. J. Cheng, and J. Fitch, “Optimal Coordinated Voltage Control for Power System Voltage Stability,” Power, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1115–1122, 2004, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825897C. L. DeMarco, “A new method of constructing Lyapunov functions for power systems,” in 1988., IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1988, pp. 905–908. doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.1988.15070T. Nagao, K. Tanaka, and K. Takenaka, “Development of static and simulation programs for voltage stability studies of bulk power system,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 273–281, 1997, doi: 10.1109/59.574948N. Yorino, S. Harada, and Haozhong Cheng, “A method to approximate a closest loadability limit using multiple load flow solutions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 424–429, 1997, doi: 10.1109/59.575754T. J. Overbye and C. L. de Marco, “Voltage security enhancement using energy based sensitivities,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1196–1202, 1991, doi: 10.1109/59.119266J. Modarresi, E. Gholipour, and A. Khodabakhshian, “A comprehensive review of the voltage stability indices,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 63, pp. 1–12, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.010M. Cupelli, C. Doig Cardet, and A. Monti, “Comparison of line voltage stability indices using dynamic real time simulation,” in 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), Oct. 2012, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2012.6465625N. A. M. Ismail, A. A. M. Zin, A. Khairuddin, and S. Khokhar, “A comparison of voltage stability indices,” in 2014 IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014), Mar. 2014, pp. 30–34. doi: 10.1109/PEOCO.2014.6814394C. Reis and F. P. Maciel Barbosa, “A Comparison of Voltage Stability Indices,” pp. 1007–1010, 2006F. Karbalaei, H. Soleymani, and S. Afsharnia, “A comparison of voltage collapse proximity indicators,” in 2010 Conference Proceedings IPEC, Oct. 2010, pp. 429–432. doi: 10.1109/IPECON.2010.5697034Z. J. Lim, M. W. Mustafa, and Z. bt Muda, “Evaluation of the effectiveness of voltage stability indices on different loadings,” in 2012 IEEE International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference, Jun. 2012, pp. 543–547. doi: 10.1109/PEOCO.2012.6230925J. Zhao, Y. Yang, and Z. Gao, “A review on on-line voltage stability monitoring indices and methods based on local phasor measurement,” Dianli Xitong Zidonghua/Automation of Electric Power Systems, vol. 34, pp. 1–6, Oct. 2010R. Seydel, Practical Bifurcation and Stability Analysis, vol. 5. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1740-9DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2021, “https://www.digsilent.de/en/powerfactory.html,” 2021EstudiantesInvestigadoresMaestrosORIGINAL1035230129.2022.pdf1035230129.2022.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Eléctricaapplication/pdf15870648https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81736/1/1035230129.2022.pdf9e953d93acb663e6f52af6bac79dfa50MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84074https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81736/2/license.txt8153f7789df02f0a4c9e079953658ab2MD52THUMBNAIL1035230129.2022.pdf.jpg1035230129.2022.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5348https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81736/3/1035230129.2022.pdf.jpgf5b080accdf42ab50f8bdedef17d2cd7MD53unal/81736oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/817362024-08-07 23:10:41.949Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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