Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación
ilustraciones, graficas
- Autores:
-
Reina Rueda, Karen Johanna
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83231
- Palabra clave:
- 590 - Animales::599 - Mamíferos
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas
Desarrollo embrionario
Periodo de Gestación
Embriología
Etapas del desarrollo animal
Animal developmental stages
Alfafetoproteína
Placenta
Equinos
Gestación
Feto
Alphafetoprotein
Placenta
Equine
Gestation
Fetus
Enfermedad animal
Animal diseases
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id |
UNACIONAL2_d8fd58a05bb736c130da263f30b94c9a |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83231 |
network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación |
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Variation in serum concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein in criollo mares Colombians during the last third of the gestation |
title |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación |
spellingShingle |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación 590 - Animales::599 - Mamíferos 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas Desarrollo embrionario Periodo de Gestación Embriología Etapas del desarrollo animal Animal developmental stages Alfafetoproteína Placenta Equinos Gestación Feto Alphafetoprotein Placenta Equine Gestation Fetus Enfermedad animal Animal diseases |
title_short |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación |
title_full |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación |
title_fullStr |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación |
title_sort |
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestación |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Reina Rueda, Karen Johanna |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Lozano Marquez, Harvey |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Reina Rueda, Karen Johanna |
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Reproducción Animal y Salud de Hato |
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
590 - Animales::599 - Mamíferos 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas |
topic |
590 - Animales::599 - Mamíferos 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas Desarrollo embrionario Periodo de Gestación Embriología Etapas del desarrollo animal Animal developmental stages Alfafetoproteína Placenta Equinos Gestación Feto Alphafetoprotein Placenta Equine Gestation Fetus Enfermedad animal Animal diseases |
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Desarrollo embrionario Periodo de Gestación Embriología |
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Etapas del desarrollo animal |
dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv |
Animal developmental stages |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Alfafetoproteína Placenta Equinos Gestación Feto |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Alphafetoprotein Placenta Equine Gestation Fetus |
dc.subject.unesco.spa.fl_str_mv |
Enfermedad animal |
dc.subject.unesco.eng.fl_str_mv |
Animal diseases |
description |
ilustraciones, graficas |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-01T21:49:21Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-01T21:49:21Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83231 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83231 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abd-Elnaeim, M., Leiser, R., Wilsher, S., & Allen, W. (2006). Structural and Haemovascular Aspects of Placental Growth Throughout Gestation in Young and Aged Mares. Placenta, 27(11–12), 1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2005.11.005 Abdelwahid, Hind., Wahab, Babiker., Mahmoud, Mustafa., Abukonna, A., & Saeed Taha, E. A. (2018). Effects of gestational hypertension in the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral and umbilical artery, cerebro-placental ratio, and associated adverse perinatal outcomes. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 11(3), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2018.02.001 Abraham, M., & Bauquier, J. (2021). Causes of equine perinatal mortality. Veterinary Journal, 273, 105675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105675 Agerholm, J. S., Klas, E. M., Damborg, P., Borel, N., Pedersen, H. G., & Christoffersen, M. (2021). A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.740621 Aggarwal, B. (2000). Tumour necrosis factors receptor associated signalling molecules and their role in activation of apoptosis, JNK and NF-κB. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 59(SUPPL. 1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.59.suppl_1.i6 Antczak, D. F. (2020). Immunological memory and tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface: Implications for reproductive management of mares. Theriogenology, 150, 432–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.043 Antczak, M., Cañete, P. F., Chen, Z., Belle, C., & Yu, D. (2022). Evolution of γ chain cytokines : mechanisms , methods and applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.050 Bailey, C., Heitzman, J., Buchanan, C., Bare, C., Sper, R., Borst, L., Macpherson, M., Archibald, K., & Whitacre, M. (2012). B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in pony mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 43, 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00658 Bartkute, K., Balsyte, D., Wisser, J., & Kurmanavicius, J. (2017). Pregnancy outcomes regarding maternal serum AFP value in second trimester screening. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 45(7), 817–820. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0101 Bazzano, M., Marchegiani, A., Troisi, A., McLean, A., & Laus, F. (2022). Serum Amyloid A as a Promising Biomarker in Domestic Animals’ Reproduction: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Animals, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050589 Beachler, T., Gracz, H., Long, N. M., Borst, L., Morgan, D., Nebel, A., Andrews, N., Koipillai, J., Frable, S., Bembenek, S., Ellis, K., Dollen, K. Von, Lyle, S., Gadsby, J., & Scott, C. (2019). Allantoic Metabolites , Progesterone , and Estradiol-17 b Remain Unchanged After Infection in an Experimental Model of Equine Ascending Placentitis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 73, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.014 Becsek, A., Tzanidakis, N., Blanco, M., & Bollwein, H. (2019). Transrectal three-dimensional fetal volumetry and crown-rump length measurement during early gestation in mares: Intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement. Theriogenology, 126, 266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.012 Bergstrand, C. G., & Czar, B. (1956). Demonstration of a new protein fraction in serum from the human fetus. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 8(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365515609049266 Bremme, K., & Eneroth, P. (1983). Fetal sex dependent hormone levels in early pregnant women with elevated maternal serum alphafetoprotein. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 21, 451–457. Breukelman, S., Mulder, E. J. H., Oord, R. Van, Jonker, H., Van Der Weijden, B. C., & Taverne, M. A. M. (2006). Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during late gestation in cattle by means of Doppler ultrasonography: Reference values obtained by computer-assisted analysis. Theriogenology, 65(3), 486–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046 Bucca, S. (2006). Diagnosis of the Compromised Equine Pregnancy. Veterinary Clinics Equine, 22, 749–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2006.07.006 Bucca, S., Carli, A., & Fogarty, U. (2007). How to assess equine fetal viability by transrectal ultrasound evaluation of fetal peripheral pulses. AAEP Proceedings, 53, 335–338. Bucca, S., de Oliveira, I., Cunanan, J., Vinardell, T., & Troedsson, M. (2020). Doppler indices of the equine fetal carotid artery throughout gestation. Theriogenology, 156, 196–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.009 Bucca, S., Fogarty, U., Collins, A., & Small, V. (2005a). Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features. Theriogenology, 64(3), 542–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.011 Buhimschi, I. A., & Buhimschi, C. S. (2012). Proteomics/diagnosis of chorioamnionitis and of relationships with the fetal exposome. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 17(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2011.10.002 Campos, I. S., Souza, G. N. De, Pinna, A. E., & Ferreira, A. M. R. (2017). Theriogenology Transrectal ultrasonography for measuring of combined utero- placental thickness in pregnant Mangalarga Marchador mares. Theriogenology, 96, 142–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.013 Canisso, I., Ball, B., Cray, C., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2015). Use of a qualitative horse-side test to measure serum amyloid a in mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 35(1), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2014.11.007 Canisso, I., Ball, B., Cray, C., Williams, N., Scoggin, K., Davolli, G., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2014). Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations are increased in plasma of mares with ascending placentitis in the absence of changes in peripheral leukocyte counts or fibrinogen concentration. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 72(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12278 Canisso, I., Ball, B., Esteller-Vico, A., Williams, N., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2017). Changes in maternal androgens and oestrogens in mares with experimentally-induced ascending placentitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 49(2), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12556 Canisso, I., Ball, B., Scogging, K., Squires, E., Williams, N., & Troedsson, M. (2015). Alpha-fetoprotein is present in the fetal fluids and is increased in plasma of mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. Animal Reproduction, 154, 48–55. https://doi.org/10.7868/s0016794016050059 Canisso, I., Loux, S., & Lima, F. (2020). Biomarkers for placental disease in mares. Theriogenology, 150, 302–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.073 Capobianchi, M. R., Uleri, E., Caglioti, C., & Dolei, A. (2015). Type I IFN family members: Similarity, differences and interaction. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews, 26(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.011 Carricka, J. B., Beggb, A. P., Perkinsc, N., & O’Meara, D. (2010). Ultrasonographic monitoring and treatment of pregnant mares at risk for placentitis. Animal Reproduction Science, 121(1–2), 331–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.152 Challis, J., Matthews, S., Gibb, W., & Lye, S. (2000). Endocrine and paracrine regulation of birth at term and preterm. Endocrine Reviews, 21(5), 514–550. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.21.5.514 Chavatte-Palmer, P., Derisoud, E., & Robles, M. (2022). Pregnancy and placental development in horses: an update. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 79, 106692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106692 Chen, R., Lin, Y., & Huang, S. (1994). Fetal sex and maternal alpha‐fetoprotein concentration at late normal singleton pregnancies. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 73(3), 192–194. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349409023437 Chenier, T. S., & Whitehead, A. E. (2009). Foaling rates and risk factors for abortion in pregnant mares presented for medical or surgical treatment of colic: 153 cases (1993-2005). Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(5), 481–485. Claes, A., & Stout, T. A. E. (2022). Success rate in a clinical equine in vitro embryo production program. Theriogenology, 187, 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.019 Clothier, J., Hinch, G., Brown, W., & Small, A. (2017). Equine gestational length and location: is there more that the research could be telling us? Australian Veterinary Journal, 95(12), 454–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12653 Cohen, N. D., Carey, V. J., Donahue, J. G., Seahorn, J. L., & Harrison, L. R. (2003). Descriptive epidemiology of late-term abortions associated with the mare reproductive loss syndrome in central Kentucky. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 15(3), 295–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500315 Conley, A. J. (2016). Review of the reproductive endocrinology of the pregnant and parturient mare. Theriogenology, 86(1), 355–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2016.04.049 Coutinho da Silva, M. A., Canisso, I. F., Macpherson, M. L., Johnson, A. E. M., & Divers, T. J. (2013). Serum amyloid A concentration in healthy periparturient mares and mares with ascending placentitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 45(5), 619–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12034 Curcio, B. R., Canisso, I. F., Pazinato, F. M., Borba, L. A., Feijó, L. S., Muller, V., Finger, I. S., Toribio, R. E., & Nogueira, C. E. W. (2017). Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares. Theriogenology, 102, 98–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.010 Curran, S., & Ginther O.J. (1995). M- Mode Ultrasonic Assessment of Equine Heart Rate. Theriogenology, 44, 609–617. De Lange, V., Chiers, K., Lefère, L., Cools, M., Ververs, C., Govaere, J., Ducatelle, R., Hoogewijs, M., De Schauwer, C., de Kruif, A., Brito, L. F. C., Engiles, J. B., Turner, R. M., Getman, L. M., Ebling, A., Weiermayer, P., Richter, B., Farjanikish, G., Sayari, M., … Brinsko, S. P. (2009). Testicular teratoma in a unilateral right-sided abdominal cryptorchid horse. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47(3), 7.9-7.e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30184-0 De Luca, R., Dattoma, T., Forzoni, L., Bamber, J., Palchetti, P., & Gubbini, A. (2018). Diagnostic ultrasound probes: A typology and overview of technologies. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, 4(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0013 DeVore, G. R. (2015). The importance of the cerebroplacental ratio in the evaluation of fetal well-being in SGA and AGA fetuses. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 213(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.024 Dinglas, C., Afsar, N., Cochrane, E., Davis, J., Kim, S., Akerman, M., Wells, M., Chavez, M., Herrera, K., Heo, H., & Vintzileos, A. (2020). First-trimester maternal serum alpha fetoprotein is associated with ischemic placental disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(5), 499.e1-499.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1264 Donahue, J. M., & Williams, N. M. (2000). Emergent causes of placentitis and abortion. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice, 16(3), 443–456, viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30088-3 Donnelly, L. (2019). Functions of the placenta. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 20(7), 392–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2019.04.004 Eckersall, P. D., & Bell, R. (2010). Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Journal, 185(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.009 Endoh, C., Matsuda, K., Okamoto, M., Tsunoda, N., & Taniyama, H. (2017). Morphometric changes in the aortic arch with advancing age in fetal to mature thoroughbred horses. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 79(3), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0600 Fedorka, C. E., Ball, B. A., Walker, O. F., McCormick, M. E., Scoggin, K. E., Kennedy, L. A., Squires, E. L., & Troedsson, M. H. T. (2021). Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part I: Cytokines. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 99, 103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103425 Fedorka, C. E., Ball, B. A., Wynn, M. A. A., McCormick, M. E., Scoggin, K. E., Esteller-Vico, A., Curry, T. E., Kennedy, L. A., Squires, E. L., & Troedsson, M. H. T. (2021a). Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part II: Steroid Hormones and alpha-fetoprotein. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 103395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103395 Fedorka, C. E., Ball, B. A., Wynn, M. A. A., McCormick, M. E., Scoggin, K. E., Esteller-Vico, A., Curry, T. E., Kennedy, L. A., Squires, E. L., & Troedsson, M. H. T. (2021b). Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part II: Steroid Hormones and Alpha-Fetoprotein. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 99, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103395 Fedorka, C. E., Scoggin, K. E., El-Sheikh Ali, H., Loux, S. C., Dini, P., Troedsson, M. H. T., & Ball, B. A. (2021). Interleukin-6 pathobiology in equine placental infection. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 85(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13363 Forhead, A. J., Broughton Pipkin, F., Taylor, P. M., Baker, K., Balouzet, V., Giussani, D. A., & Fowden, A. L. (2000). Developmental changes in blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system in pony fetuses during the second half of gestation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement, 56, 693–703. Fowden, A. L., Giussani, D. A., & Forhead, A. J. (2020). Physiological development of the equine fetus during late gestation. Equine Veterinary Journal, 52(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13206 Frazer, G. S., Perkins, N. R., Blanchard, T. L., Orsini, J., & Threlfall, W. R. (1997). Prevalence of fetal maldispositions in equine referral hospital dystocias. Equine Veterinary Journal, 29(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb01651. Gaccioli, F., Aye, I. L. M. H., Sovio, U., Charnock-Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2018). Screening for fetal growth restriction using fetal biometry combined with maternal biomarkers. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218(2), S725–S737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.002 Gaccioli, F., Lager, S., Sovio, U., Charnock-Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2017). The pregnancy outcome prediction (POP) study: Investigating the relationship between serial prenatal ultrasonography, biomarkers, placental phenotype and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placenta, 59, S17–S25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.011 Galvin, N. P., & Corley, K. T. T. (2010). Causes of disease and death from birth to 12 months of age in the Thoroughbred horse in Ireland. Irish Veterinary Journal, 63(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-63-1-37 Gammill, H. S., Fraer, L. M., & Simhan, H. N. (2003). Racial Disparity in Midtrimester Maternal Serum Alfafetoprotein (MSAFP) as a Marker for Spontaneous Preterm Birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189(6), 392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2003.10.394 Ginther, O. J. (2007). Ultrasonic imaging and animal reproduction colors doppler ultrasonography. Equisevices Publishing. Ginther, O. J. (2014). How ultrasound technologies have expanded and revolutionized research in reproduction in large animals. Theriogenology, 81(1), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.007 Ginther, O. J. (2021). Equine embryo mobility. A game changer. Theriogenology, 174, 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.006 Girard, S., Tremblay, L., Lepage, M., & Alerts, E. (2022). IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects against Placental and Neurodevelopmental Defects Induced by Maternal Inflammation. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0903349 Grandjean, P. (1995). Biomarkers in Epidemiology. European Beckman Coference, 41(12), 1800–1803. H El-Sheikh Ali, E L Legack, K E Scoggin, S C Loux, P Dini, A Esteller-Vico, A J Conley, S. D. S. and B. A. B. (2020). Steroid synthesis and metabolism in the equine placenta during placentitis. Society for Reproduction and Fertility, 159, 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-11-0286 Haneda, S., Dini, P., Esteller-Vico, A., Scoggin, K. E., Squires, E. L., Troedsson, M. H., Daels, P., Nambo, Y., & Ball, B. A. (2021). Estrogens regulate placental angiogenesis in horses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212116 Hartwig, F. P., Antunez, L., Dos Santos, R. S., Lisboa, F. P., Pfeifer, L. F. M., Nogueira, C. E. W., & Curcio, B. da R. (2013). Determining the gestational age of crioulo mares based on a fetal ocular measure. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33(7), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.203 Hendriks, W. K., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G. C., & Stout, T. A. E. (2009). Maternal age and parity influence ultrasonographic measurements of fetal growth in Dutch Warmblood mares. Animal Reproduction Science, 115(1–4), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.014 Henry Barton, M. (2011). Understanding abdominal ultrasonography in horses: which way is up? Compendium (Yardley, PA), 33(9). Hong, C. B., Donahue, J. M., Giles, R. C., Petrites-Murphy, M. B., Poonacha, K. B., Roberts, A. W., Smith, B. J., Tramontin, R. R., Tuttle, P. A., & Swerczek, T. W. (1993). Equine abortion and stillbirth in central Kentucky during 1988 and 1989 foaling seasons. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5(4), 560–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879300500410 Hong C.B, Donahue, J. M., Giles, R. C., Poonacha, K. B., Roberts, A. W., Smith, B. J., Tramontin, R. R., Tuttle, P. A., & Swerczek, T. W. (1993). Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5(1), 56–63. Hu, J., Zhang, J., Chan, Y., & Zhu, B. (2019). A rat model of placental inflammation explains the unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 45(10), 1980–1988. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14085 Huerta-Enochian, G., Katz, V., & Erfurth, S. (2001). The association of abnormal α-fetoprotein and adverse pregnancy outcome: Does increased fetal surveillance affect pregnancy outcome? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 184(7), 1549–1555. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2001.114864 Hughes, A. E., Sovio, U., Gaccioli, F., Cook, E., Charnock-Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2019). The association between first trimester AFP to PAPP-A ratio and placentally-related adverse pregnancy outcome. Placenta, 81(April), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2019.04.005 Hughes, C. E., & Nibbs, R. J. B. (2018). A guide to chemokines and their receptors. FEBS Journal, 285(16), 2944–2971. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.14466 Incze, B. B. A., Aska, F. B., & Zenci, O. S. (2015). Fetal heart rate and fetal heart rate variability in Lipizzaner broodmares. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 63(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.2015.007 Isani, G., Ferlizza, E., Cuoghi, A., Bellei, E., Monari, E., Bianchin Butina, B., & Castagnetti, C. (2016). Identification of the most abundant proteins in equine amniotic fluid by a proteomic approach. Animal Reproduction Science, 174, 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.10.003 Jacobsen, S., & Andersen, P. H. (2007). The acute phase protein serum amyloid a (SAA) as a marker of inflammation in horses. Equine Veterinary Education, 19(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.2746/095777307X177235 Kamata, S., Akahoshi, N., & Ishii, I. (2015). 2D DIGE proteomic analysis highlights delayed postnatal repression of α-fetoprotein expression in homocystinuria model mice. FEBS Open Bio, 5, 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fob.2015.06.008 Kasahara, Y., Yoshida, C., Saito, M., & Kimura, Y. (2021). Assessments of Heart Rate and Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Activities of Normal Mouse Fetuses at Different Stages of Fetal Development Using Fetal Electrocardiography. Frontiers in Physiology, 12(April), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.652828 Kelleman, A. (2014). Equine Pregnancy and Clinical Applied Physiology. 59th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners - AAEP, 59, 350–358. Kimura, Y., Haneda, S., Aoki, T., Furuoka, H., Miki, W., Fukumoto, N., Matsui, M., & Nambo, Y. (2018). Combined thickness of the uterus and placenta and ultrasonographic examinations of uteroplacental tissues in normal pregnancy, placentitis, and abnormal parturitions in heavy draft horses. Journal of Equine Science, 29(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.29.1 Klein, C. (2016). Theriogenology The role of relaxin in mare reproductive physiology : A comparative review with other species. Theriogenology, 86(1), 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.061 Kotoyori, Y., Yokoo, N., Ito, K., Murase, H., Sato, F., Korosue, K., & Nambo, Y. (2012). Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the equine fetus. Theriogenology, 77(7), 1480–1486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.020 Krakowski, L., Brodzki, P., Krakowska, I., Opielak, G., Marczuk, J., & Piech, T. (2020). The Level of Prolactin, Serum Amyloid A, and Selected Biochemical Markers in Mares Before and After Parturition and Foal Heat. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 84, 102854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102854 Kuhl, J., Stock, K. F., Wulf, M., & Aurich, C. (2015). Maternal lineage of Warmblood mares contributes to variation of gestation length and bias of foal sex ratio. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139358 Lanci, A., Castagnetti, C., Ranciati, S., Sergio, C., & Mariella, J. (2019). A regression model including fetal orbit measurements to predict parturition in Standardbred mares with normal pregnancy. Theriogenology, 126, 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.020 Laugier, C., Foucher, N., Sevin, C., Leon, A., & Jakcie, T. (2011). A 24-Year Retrospective Study of Equine Abortion in Normandy (France ). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(3), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2010.12.012 Lee, W., & Roh, Y. (2017). Ultrasonic transducers for medical diagnostic imaging. Biomedical Engineering Letters, 7(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-017-0021-8 Legacki, E. L., Corbin, C. J., Ball, B. A., Wynn, M., Loux, S., Stanley, S. D., & Conley, A. J. (2016). Progestin withdrawal at parturition in the mare. Reproduction, 152(4), 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1530/rep-16-0227 Legacki, E. L., Scholtz, E. L., Ball, B. A., Esteller-Vico, A., Stanley, S. D., & Conley, A. J. (2019). Concentrations of sulphated estrone, estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone measured by mass spectrometry in pregnant mares. Equine Veterinary Journal, 51(6), 802–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13109 Löf, H., Gregory, J. W., Neves, A. P., Jobim, M. I. M., Gregory, R. M., & Mottos, R. C. (2014). Combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) as indicator of placentitis in Thoroughbred mares. Pferdeheilkunde, 30(1), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20140105 MacLaren, G., Kluger, R., Prior, D., Royse, A., & Royse, C. (2006). Tissue Doppler, Strain, and Strain Rate Echocardiography: Principles and Potential Perioperative Applications. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 20(4), 583–593. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2006.02.034 Macpherson, M. L. (2006). Diagnosis and Treatment of Equine Placentitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice, 22(3), 763–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2006.08.005 Maserati, M., & Mutto, A. (2016). In Vitro Production of Equine Embryos and Cloning: Today’s Status. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 41, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.04.004 Matsui, K., Sugano, S., Masuyama, I., Akio, A., & KANO, Y. (1984). Alterations in the heart rate of thoroughbred Horse, Pony and Holstein Cow through Pre amd Post Natal Stages. Japan Journal of Veterinary Science, 46(4), 505–510. Mayeux, R. (2004). Biomarkers: Potential Uses and Limitations. The Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 1(2), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1602/neurorx.1.2.182 McKinnon, A., Squires, E. L., Vaala, W. E., & Varner, D. (2011). Equine Reproduction (2nd ed., Vol. 1). Blackwell. McGladeery A., O. J. (2016). Vascular Impedance Of The Umbilical Cord Artery During Equine Pregnancy. Equine Veterinary Journal, 48, 10–11. Mette, C., Camilla Dooleweerdt, B., Stine, J., Anders Miki, B., Morten Roenn, P., & Henrik, L. J. (2010). Evaluation of the systemic acute phase response and endometrial gene expression of serum amyloid A and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mares with experimentally induced endometritis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 138(1–2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.011 Mizejewski, G. J. (2001). Alpha-fetoprotein structure and function: Relevance to isoforms, epitopes, and conformational variants. In Experimental Biology and Medicine (Vol. 226, Issue 5, pp. 377–408). https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020122600503 Morel, M. C. G. D. (2016). Equine Reproductive Physiology , Breeding and Stud Management (Issue July). Morris, S., Kelleman, A. A., Stawicki, R. J., Hansen, P. J., Sheerin, P. C., Sheerin, B. R., Paccamonti, D. L., & LeBlanc, M. M. (2007). Transrectal ultrasonography and plasma progestin profiles identifies feto-placental compromise in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Theriogenology, 67(4), 681–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.05.021 Murase, H., Endo, Y., Tsuchiya, T., Kotoyori, Y., & Shikichi, M. (2014). Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Equine Fetal Growth Throughout Gestation in Normal Mares Using a Convex Transducer Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Equine Fetal Growth Throughout Gestation in Normal Mares Using a Convex Transducer. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76(7), 947–953. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0259 Nagel, C., Aurich, J., & Aurich, C. (2010). Determination of heart rate and heart rate variability in the equine fetus by fetomaternal electrocardiography. Theriogenology, 73(7), 973–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.026 Nagel, C., Aurich, J., Palm, F., & Aurich, C. (2011). Heart rate and heart rate variability in pregnant warmblood and Shetland mares as well as their fetuses. Animal Reproduction Science, 127(3–4), 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.07.021 Nagel, C., Erber, R., Ille, N., von Lewinski, M., Aurich, J., Möstl, E., & Aurich, C. (2014). Parturition in horses is dominated by parasympathetic activity of the autonomous nervous system. Theriogenology, 82(1), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.015 Newby, D., Dalgliesh, G., Lyall, F., & Aitken, D. A. (2005). Alphafetoprotein and alphafetoprotein receptor expression in the normal human placenta at term. Placenta, 26(2–3), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2004.06.005 Ousey, J. C. (2006). Hormone Profiles and Treatments in the Late Pregnant Mare. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice, 22(3), 727–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2006.08.004 Pazinato, F. M., Curcio, B. R., Fernandes, C. G., Feijó, L. S., Schmith, R. A., & Nogueira, C. E. W. (2016). Histological features of the placenta and their relation to the gross and data from Thoroughbred mares. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 36(7), 665–670. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016000700018 Platt, H. (1978). Growth and maturity in the equine fetus. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71(9), 658–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107687807100906 Pozor, M. A., Sheppard, B., Hinrichs, K., Kelleman, A. A., Macpherson, M. L., Runcan, E., Choi, Y. H., Diaw, M., & Mathews, P. M. (2016). Placental abnormalities in equine pregnancies generated by SCNT from one donor horse. Theriogenology, 86(6), 1573–1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.017 Raś, A., & Raś-Noryńska, M. (2021). A retrospective study of twin pregnancy management in mares. Theriogenology, 176, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.018 Razquin-Echeverriarza, P., McCue, P. M., Cappella-Flores, P., Vargas-Leitón, B., & Estrada-König, S. (2019). Ultrasonographic measurement of the equine fetal vitreous body length for predicting days to parturition in Pura Raza Española horses. Ciencias Veterinarias, 37(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15359/rcv.37-2.1 Reef, V. B., Vaala, W. E., Worth, L. T., Spencer, P. A., & Hammett, B. (1995). Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Fetus and Intrauterine Environment in Healthy Mares During Late Gestation. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 36(6), 533–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00308 Reef, V., Vaala, W., Worth, L., Sertich, P., & Pamela, A. (1996). Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal well-being during late gestation : development of an equine biophysical profile. Equine Veterinary Journal, 28, 200–208. Renaudin, C., Gillis, C. L., Tarantal, A. F., & Coleman, D. A. (2000). Evaluation of equine fetal growth from day 100 of gestation to parturition by ultrasonography. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement, 56, 651–660. Renaudin, C., Liu, I. K. M., Troedsson, M. H. T., & Schrenzel, M. D. (1999). Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: A report of two cases. Equine Veterinary Education, 11(2), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00924 Renaudin, CD., Troedsson, M. H. T., Gillis, C. L., King, V. L., & Bodena, A. (1997). Ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta by transrectal and transabdominal approach in the normal pregnant mare. Theriogenology, 47, 559–573. Requena, F. D., Agüera, E. I., Requena, F., & Pérez-marín, C. C. (2017). Transrectal ultrasonographic measurements of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta in Spanish Purebred mares. Animal Reproduction, 14, 1278–1284. https://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR0029 Rizzo, A., Galgano, M., Mutinati, M., & Sciorsci, R. L. (2019). Alpha-fetoprotein in animal reproduction. Research in Veterinary Science, 123(October 2018), 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.028 Robertson, H. A., Saunders, N. R., & Lorscheider, F. L. (1984). Distribution of alpha-fetoprotein in fetal plasma and in amniotic and allantoic fluids of the pig. Journals of Reproduction & Fertility, 70, 605–607. Robles, M., Dubois, C., Gautier, C., Dahirel, M., Guenon, I., & Bouraima-lelong, H. (2018). Theriogenology Maternal parity affects placental development , growth and metabolism of foals until 1 year and a half. Theriogenology, 108, 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.019 Rosenstreich, D. L., & Wahl, S. M. (1979). Cellular Sources of Lymphokines. In Biology of the Lymphokines. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-178250-4.50013-1 Ross, J., Palmer, J. E., & Wilkins, P. A. (2008). Body wall tears during late pregnancy in mares: 13 cases (1995-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 232(2), 257–261. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.2.257 Saini, N. S., Mohindroo, J., Mahajan, S. K., Raghunath, M., Kumar, A., Sangwan, V., Singh, T., Singh, N., Singh, S. S., Anand, A., & Singh, K. (2013). Surgical Correction of Uterine Torsion and Mare-Foal Survival in Advance Pregnant Equine Patients. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.04.012 Salameh, M., Lee, J., Palomaki, G., Eklund, E., Curran, P., Suarez, J. A. R., Lambert-Messerlian, G., & Bourjeily, G. (2018). Snoring and markers of fetal and placental wellbeing. Clinica Chimica Acta, 485, 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.039 Satué, K., Felipe, M., Mota, J., & Muñoz, A. (2011). Factors influencing gestational length in mares: A review. Livestock Science, 136(2–3), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.09.011 Sandra, N., & Wilsher, A. (2009). Studies in Equine Reproduction. In University of Bedfordshire. University of Bedfordshire. Satué, K., Marcilla, M., Medica, P., Ferlazzo, A., & Fazio, E. (2018). Sequential concentrations of placental growth factor and haptoglobin, and their relation to oestrone sulphate and progesterone in pregnant Spanish Purebred mare. Theriogenology, 115, 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.033 Schieving, J. H., De Vries, M., Van Vugt, J. M. G., Weemaes, C., Van Deuren, M., Nicolai, J., Wevers, R. A., & Willemsen, M. A. (2014). Alpha-fetoprotein, a fascinating protein and biomarker in neurology. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 18(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.09.003 Shikichi, M., Iwata, K., Ito, K., Miyakoshi, D., Murase, H., Sato, F., Korosue, K., Nagata, S., & Nambo, Y. (2017). Abnormal pregnancies associated with deviation in progestin and estrogen profiles in late pregnant mares: A diagnostic aid. Theriogenology, 98, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.024 Silva, E. S. M. da, Pantoja, J. C. de F., Puoli, J. N. P., & Meira, C. (2015). Ultrasonography of the conceptus development from days 15 to 60 of pregnancy in non-cyclic recipient mares. Ciência Rural, 45(3), 512–518. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140517 Smith, K., Lai, P. C. W., Robertson, H. A., Church, R. B., & Lorscheider, F. L. (1979). allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid and maternal plasma of Distribution of alpha1-fetoprotein in fetal plasma of cows. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 57, 235–238. Snider, T. A. (2015). Reproductive Disorders in Horses. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice, 31(2), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2015.04.011 Souza, A. M., Winter, G. H. Z., Garbade, P., Wolf, C. A., Jobim, M. I. M., Gregory, R. M., & Mattos, R. C. (2010). Ultrasonographic evaluation of the Criollo mare placenta. Animal Reproduction Science, 121(1–2), 320–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.131 Stolla, R., Bollwein, H., Weber, F., & Wosche, I. (2004). Transrectal Doppler sonography of uterine and umbilical blood flow during pregnancy in mares. Theriogenology, 61, 499–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00225-5 Tan, C., Murai, Y., Liu, W., Tasaka, Y., Dong, F., & Takeda, Y. (2021). Ultrasonic Doppler Technique for Application to Multiphase Flows: A Review. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 144(January), 103811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103811 Tang, S., Yuan, K., & Chen, L. (2022). Molecular biomarkers, network biomarkers, and dynamic network biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of rare diseases. Fundamental Research, xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.011 Troedsson, M. H. T. (2007). High risk pregnant mare. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 49(SUPPL. 1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-49-S1-S9 Turner, R. M., McDonnell, S. M., Feit, E. M., Grogan, E. H., & Foglia, R. (2006). Real-time ultrasound measure of the fetal eye (vitreous body) for prediction of parturition date in small ponies. Theriogenology, 66(2), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.11.019 Vega, F. E. (2012). Caracterización ultrasonográfica de la unidad útero-placentaria y del feto en yeguas criollas colombianas con gestaciones normales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 5(11), 76. Vega, F. E. (2013). Medidas ultrasonográficas del espesor conjunto de la unión útero-placentaria en yeguas criollas colombianas. Acta Agronomica, 62(2), 148–154. Vietri, L., Fui, A., Bergantini, L., d’Alessandro, M., Cameli, P., Sestini, P., Rottoli, P., & Bargagli, E. (2020). Serum amyloid A: A potential biomarker of lung disorders. Respiratory Investigation, 58(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2019.09.005 Vilaregut, L., Lores, M., & Wilsher, S. (2021). The Yolk Sac of the Equine Placenta. Its Remnant and Potential Problems. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 96, 103322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103322 Vincze, B., Baska, F., Papp, M., & Szenci, O. (2019). Introduction of a new fetal examination protocol for on-field and clinical equine practice. Theriogenology, 125, 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.004 Vincze, B., Gáspárdy, A., Kulcsár, M., Baska, F., Bálint, Á., Hegedus, G. T., & Szenci, O. (2015). Equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in Lipizzaner mares with normal pregnancies and with pregnancy loss. Theriogenology, 84(9), 1581–1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.006 Vincze, B., Solymosi, N., Debnár, V., Kútvölgyi, G., Krikó, E., Wölfling, A., & Szenci, O. (2018). Assessment of equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in mares and newborn foals in the periparturient period. Theriogenology, 122, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.026 Wald, N. J., & Bestwick, J. P. (2016). Prenatal reflex DNA screening for Down syndrome: Enhancing the screening performance of the initial first trimester test. Prenatal Diagnosis, 36(4), 328–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.4784 Wilkins, P. A. (2003). Monitoring the pregnant mare in the ICU. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, 2(2), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1534-7516(03)00002-7 Witters I, Coumans A, Gyselaers W, F. J. (2013). Echographic diagnosis of lumbosacralspina bifida Neural. Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde, 69(9), 453–455. Wynn, M. A. A., Ball, B. A., May, J., Esteller-Vico, A., Canisso, I., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2018). Changes in maternal pregnane concentrations in mares with experimentally-induced, ascending placentitis. Theriogenology, 122, 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.001 Wynn, M. A. A., Esteller-Vico, A., Legacki, E. L., Conley, A. J., Loux, S. C., Stanley, S. D., Curry, T. E., Squires, E. L., Troedsson, M. H., & Ball, B. A. (2018). A comparison of progesterone assays for determination of peripheral pregnane concentrations in the late pregnant mare. Theriogenology, 106, 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.002 Zhang, J.-M., & An, J. (2007). Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain. International Anesthesiology Clinics, 45(2), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/AIA.0b013e318034194 |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
xv, 68 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá - Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia - Maestría en Salud y Producción Animal |
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá, Colombia |
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá |
institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83231/3/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83231/5/531775772022.2022.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83231/6/531775772022.2022.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a 79d802193566128a5d48f83bba43607c b08f9f7ba68b3d579df8c3a2bd30fbe4 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814089975667359744 |
spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Lozano Marquez, Harveyfcce978e956977e359245b237a58c945Reina Rueda, Karen Johannabfdf7755bb8b967f5e15e2ab7c8ec7dbReproducción Animal y Salud de Hato2023-02-01T21:49:21Z2023-02-01T21:49:21Z2022https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83231Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, graficasLa evaluación de la gestación por medio de biomarcadores y ultrasonografía para detectar patologías fetales y placentarias son herramientas importantes para el diagnóstico oportuno de patologías del feto y la placenta. La Alfafetoproteína (AFP) es una glicoproteína producida por el hígado fetal y a través de la placenta llega a sangre periférica de la madre durante la gestación. Este biomarcador ha sido utilizado en medicina humana para detectar patologías fetales y placentarias. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la variación de la concentración de Alfafetoproteína en yeguas de grupo racial criollo colombiano en la Sabana de Bogotá durante el último tercio de la gestación y asociar la variación sérica de Alfafetoproteína con los cambios ultrasonográficos de la placenta y feto, el tipo de parto y la sobrevivencia neonatal. Dentro de los materiales y métodos se utilizó una población de 21 yeguas gestantes a las cuales se les tomaron muestras de sangre de la vena yugular y un examen ultrasonográfico rectal y transabdominal, para evaluar la unión útero placentaria, la frecuencia cardiaca del feto, órbita fetal y el diámetro de la arteria aorta fetal a partir del séptimo mes de gestación hasta el parto. La concentración de Alfafetoproteína fue medida por un ensayo de ELISA para AFP especie: Equus caballus de USBiologycal®. Se analizaron los datos por medio de medidas repetidas en el tiempo, para evaluar los cambios mes a mes. La concentración de Alfafetoproteína presentó un aumento a medida que avanzó la gestación. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en su concentración en los meses de gestación evaluados, como tampoco una relación con los parámetros ultrasonográficos de feto y placenta. Los parámetros de viabilidad, el grosor útero placentario transabdominal y transrectal, el diámetro de la aorta y la órbita fetal aumentan a medida que avanza la gestación, a excepción de la frecuencia cardiaca la cual disminuye con el avance de la gestación. Se encontró un diámetro aórtico menor al reportado en razas de mayor tamaño, no se observó un efecto de la edad, el peso de la yegua, el sexo de la cría y el método de reproducción sobre los parámetros de viabilidad. Esto con el fin de brindar una nueva herramienta para la evaluación de viabilidad fetal y patologías de la placenta en el último tercio de la gestación. Estos parámetros de viabilidad fetal tomados de yeguas con gestaciones normales sirven de guía para evaluar clínicamente el desarrollo de la gestación en yeguas criollas colombianas. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The evaluation of pregnancy through biomarkers and ultrasonography to detect fetal and placental pathologies are important tools for the early diagnosis of fetal and placental pathologies in horses. Alphafetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein produced by the fetal liver and reaches the mother's peripheral blood through the placenta during pregnancy. This biomarker has been used in human medicine to detect fetal and placental pathologies. The objectives of the study are to determine the variation of the concentration of AFP in mares of the Colombian Creole racial group in the Bogota savanna during the last third of gestation and associate the serum variation of AFP with the ultrasound changes of the placenta and fetus, type of delivery and neonatal survival. A population of n=21 pregnant mares was used, from which blood samples were taken from the jugular vein, and a rectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic examination, this was used to evaluate the uteroplacental union, fetal heart rate, fetal orbit, and the diameter of the fetal aortic artery from the seventh month of gestation until delivery; AFP concentration was measured by an ELISA assay for AFP species: Equus caballus from USBiologycal®; the data was analyzed using repeated measures over time to assess month to month changes. Although AFP concentration showed an increase as gestation progressed, no statistically significant differences were found in its concentration in the gestational months evaluated, and there was no relationship with the ultrasonographic parameters of the fetus and placenta. Furthermore, it was found that viability parameters increase as gestation progresses, except for heart rate, which decreases with advancing gestation. An aortic diameter smaller than reported in larger breeds was found. No effect of age, the weight of the mare, the sex of the foal and the method of reproduction was observed. This study seeks to provide a new tool for the evaluation of fetal viability and pathologies of the placenta in the last third of gestation and serve as a guide to clinically evaluate the development of pregnancy in Colombian Creole maresMaestríaMagíster en Salud Animal o Magíster en Producción Animalestudio prospectivo de investigaciónReproducción animalxv, 68 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia - Maestría en Salud y Producción AnimalFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de ZootecniaBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá590 - Animales::599 - Mamíferos630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadasDesarrollo embrionarioPeriodo de GestaciónEmbriologíaEtapas del desarrollo animalAnimal developmental stagesAlfafetoproteínaPlacentaEquinosGestaciónFetoAlphafetoproteinPlacentaEquineGestationFetusEnfermedad animalAnimal diseasesVariación de las concentraciones séricas de alfa-fetoproteína en yeguas criollas colombianas durante el último tercio de la gestaciónVariation in serum concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein in criollo mares Colombians during the last third of the gestationTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMAbd-Elnaeim, M., Leiser, R., Wilsher, S., & Allen, W. (2006). Structural and Haemovascular Aspects of Placental Growth Throughout Gestation in Young and Aged Mares. Placenta, 27(11–12), 1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2005.11.005Abdelwahid, Hind., Wahab, Babiker., Mahmoud, Mustafa., Abukonna, A., & Saeed Taha, E. A. (2018). Effects of gestational hypertension in the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral and umbilical artery, cerebro-placental ratio, and associated adverse perinatal outcomes. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 11(3), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2018.02.001Abraham, M., & Bauquier, J. (2021). Causes of equine perinatal mortality. Veterinary Journal, 273, 105675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105675Agerholm, J. S., Klas, E. M., Damborg, P., Borel, N., Pedersen, H. G., & Christoffersen, M. (2021). A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.740621Aggarwal, B. (2000). Tumour necrosis factors receptor associated signalling molecules and their role in activation of apoptosis, JNK and NF-κB. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 59(SUPPL. 1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.59.suppl_1.i6Antczak, D. F. (2020). Immunological memory and tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface: Implications for reproductive management of mares. Theriogenology, 150, 432–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.043Antczak, M., Cañete, P. F., Chen, Z., Belle, C., & Yu, D. (2022). Evolution of γ chain cytokines : mechanisms , methods and applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.050Bailey, C., Heitzman, J., Buchanan, C., Bare, C., Sper, R., Borst, L., Macpherson, M., Archibald, K., & Whitacre, M. (2012). B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in pony mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 43, 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00658Bartkute, K., Balsyte, D., Wisser, J., & Kurmanavicius, J. (2017). Pregnancy outcomes regarding maternal serum AFP value in second trimester screening. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 45(7), 817–820. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0101Bazzano, M., Marchegiani, A., Troisi, A., McLean, A., & Laus, F. (2022). Serum Amyloid A as a Promising Biomarker in Domestic Animals’ Reproduction: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Animals, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050589Beachler, T., Gracz, H., Long, N. M., Borst, L., Morgan, D., Nebel, A., Andrews, N., Koipillai, J., Frable, S., Bembenek, S., Ellis, K., Dollen, K. Von, Lyle, S., Gadsby, J., & Scott, C. (2019). Allantoic Metabolites , Progesterone , and Estradiol-17 b Remain Unchanged After Infection in an Experimental Model of Equine Ascending Placentitis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 73, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.014Becsek, A., Tzanidakis, N., Blanco, M., & Bollwein, H. (2019). Transrectal three-dimensional fetal volumetry and crown-rump length measurement during early gestation in mares: Intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement. Theriogenology, 126, 266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.012Bergstrand, C. G., & Czar, B. (1956). Demonstration of a new protein fraction in serum from the human fetus. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 8(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365515609049266Bremme, K., & Eneroth, P. (1983). Fetal sex dependent hormone levels in early pregnant women with elevated maternal serum alphafetoprotein. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 21, 451–457.Breukelman, S., Mulder, E. J. H., Oord, R. Van, Jonker, H., Van Der Weijden, B. C., & Taverne, M. A. M. (2006). Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during late gestation in cattle by means of Doppler ultrasonography: Reference values obtained by computer-assisted analysis. Theriogenology, 65(3), 486–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046Bucca, S. (2006). Diagnosis of the Compromised Equine Pregnancy. Veterinary Clinics Equine, 22, 749–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2006.07.006Bucca, S., Carli, A., & Fogarty, U. (2007). How to assess equine fetal viability by transrectal ultrasound evaluation of fetal peripheral pulses. AAEP Proceedings, 53, 335–338.Bucca, S., de Oliveira, I., Cunanan, J., Vinardell, T., & Troedsson, M. (2020). Doppler indices of the equine fetal carotid artery throughout gestation. Theriogenology, 156, 196–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.009Bucca, S., Fogarty, U., Collins, A., & Small, V. (2005a). Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features. Theriogenology, 64(3), 542–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.011Buhimschi, I. A., & Buhimschi, C. S. (2012). Proteomics/diagnosis of chorioamnionitis and of relationships with the fetal exposome. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 17(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2011.10.002Campos, I. S., Souza, G. N. De, Pinna, A. E., & Ferreira, A. M. R. (2017). Theriogenology Transrectal ultrasonography for measuring of combined utero- placental thickness in pregnant Mangalarga Marchador mares. Theriogenology, 96, 142–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.013Canisso, I., Ball, B., Cray, C., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2015). Use of a qualitative horse-side test to measure serum amyloid a in mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 35(1), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2014.11.007Canisso, I., Ball, B., Cray, C., Williams, N., Scoggin, K., Davolli, G., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2014). Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations are increased in plasma of mares with ascending placentitis in the absence of changes in peripheral leukocyte counts or fibrinogen concentration. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 72(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12278Canisso, I., Ball, B., Esteller-Vico, A., Williams, N., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2017). Changes in maternal androgens and oestrogens in mares with experimentally-induced ascending placentitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 49(2), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12556Canisso, I., Ball, B., Scogging, K., Squires, E., Williams, N., & Troedsson, M. (2015). Alpha-fetoprotein is present in the fetal fluids and is increased in plasma of mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. Animal Reproduction, 154, 48–55. https://doi.org/10.7868/s0016794016050059Canisso, I., Loux, S., & Lima, F. (2020). Biomarkers for placental disease in mares. Theriogenology, 150, 302–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.073Capobianchi, M. R., Uleri, E., Caglioti, C., & Dolei, A. (2015). Type I IFN family members: Similarity, differences and interaction. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews, 26(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.011Carricka, J. B., Beggb, A. P., Perkinsc, N., & O’Meara, D. (2010). Ultrasonographic monitoring and treatment of pregnant mares at risk for placentitis. Animal Reproduction Science, 121(1–2), 331–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.152Challis, J., Matthews, S., Gibb, W., & Lye, S. (2000). Endocrine and paracrine regulation of birth at term and preterm. Endocrine Reviews, 21(5), 514–550. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.21.5.514Chavatte-Palmer, P., Derisoud, E., & Robles, M. (2022). Pregnancy and placental development in horses: an update. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 79, 106692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106692Chen, R., Lin, Y., & Huang, S. (1994). Fetal sex and maternal alpha‐fetoprotein concentration at late normal singleton pregnancies. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 73(3), 192–194. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349409023437Chenier, T. S., & Whitehead, A. E. (2009). Foaling rates and risk factors for abortion in pregnant mares presented for medical or surgical treatment of colic: 153 cases (1993-2005). Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(5), 481–485.Claes, A., & Stout, T. A. E. (2022). Success rate in a clinical equine in vitro embryo production program. Theriogenology, 187, 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.019Clothier, J., Hinch, G., Brown, W., & Small, A. (2017). Equine gestational length and location: is there more that the research could be telling us? Australian Veterinary Journal, 95(12), 454–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12653Cohen, N. D., Carey, V. J., Donahue, J. G., Seahorn, J. L., & Harrison, L. R. (2003). Descriptive epidemiology of late-term abortions associated with the mare reproductive loss syndrome in central Kentucky. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 15(3), 295–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500315Conley, A. J. (2016). Review of the reproductive endocrinology of the pregnant and parturient mare. Theriogenology, 86(1), 355–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2016.04.049Coutinho da Silva, M. A., Canisso, I. F., Macpherson, M. L., Johnson, A. E. M., & Divers, T. J. (2013). Serum amyloid A concentration in healthy periparturient mares and mares with ascending placentitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 45(5), 619–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12034Curcio, B. R., Canisso, I. F., Pazinato, F. M., Borba, L. A., Feijó, L. S., Muller, V., Finger, I. S., Toribio, R. E., & Nogueira, C. E. W. (2017). Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares. Theriogenology, 102, 98–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.010Curran, S., & Ginther O.J. (1995). M- Mode Ultrasonic Assessment of Equine Heart Rate. Theriogenology, 44, 609–617.De Lange, V., Chiers, K., Lefère, L., Cools, M., Ververs, C., Govaere, J., Ducatelle, R., Hoogewijs, M., De Schauwer, C., de Kruif, A., Brito, L. F. C., Engiles, J. B., Turner, R. M., Getman, L. M., Ebling, A., Weiermayer, P., Richter, B., Farjanikish, G., Sayari, M., … Brinsko, S. P. (2009). Testicular teratoma in a unilateral right-sided abdominal cryptorchid horse. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47(3), 7.9-7.e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30184-0De Luca, R., Dattoma, T., Forzoni, L., Bamber, J., Palchetti, P., & Gubbini, A. (2018). Diagnostic ultrasound probes: A typology and overview of technologies. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, 4(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0013DeVore, G. R. (2015). The importance of the cerebroplacental ratio in the evaluation of fetal well-being in SGA and AGA fetuses. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 213(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.024Dinglas, C., Afsar, N., Cochrane, E., Davis, J., Kim, S., Akerman, M., Wells, M., Chavez, M., Herrera, K., Heo, H., & Vintzileos, A. (2020). First-trimester maternal serum alpha fetoprotein is associated with ischemic placental disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(5), 499.e1-499.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1264Donahue, J. M., & Williams, N. M. (2000). Emergent causes of placentitis and abortion. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice, 16(3), 443–456, viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30088-3Donnelly, L. (2019). Functions of the placenta. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 20(7), 392–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2019.04.004Eckersall, P. D., & Bell, R. (2010). Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Journal, 185(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.009Endoh, C., Matsuda, K., Okamoto, M., Tsunoda, N., & Taniyama, H. (2017). Morphometric changes in the aortic arch with advancing age in fetal to mature thoroughbred horses. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 79(3), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0600Fedorka, C. E., Ball, B. A., Walker, O. F., McCormick, M. E., Scoggin, K. E., Kennedy, L. A., Squires, E. L., & Troedsson, M. H. T. (2021). Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part I: Cytokines. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 99, 103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103425Fedorka, C. E., Ball, B. A., Wynn, M. A. A., McCormick, M. E., Scoggin, K. E., Esteller-Vico, A., Curry, T. E., Kennedy, L. A., Squires, E. L., & Troedsson, M. H. T. (2021a). Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part II: Steroid Hormones and alpha-fetoprotein. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 103395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103395Fedorka, C. E., Ball, B. A., Wynn, M. A. A., McCormick, M. E., Scoggin, K. E., Esteller-Vico, A., Curry, T. E., Kennedy, L. A., Squires, E. L., & Troedsson, M. H. T. (2021b). Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part II: Steroid Hormones and Alpha-Fetoprotein. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 99, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103395Fedorka, C. E., Scoggin, K. E., El-Sheikh Ali, H., Loux, S. C., Dini, P., Troedsson, M. H. T., & Ball, B. A. (2021). Interleukin-6 pathobiology in equine placental infection. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 85(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13363Forhead, A. J., Broughton Pipkin, F., Taylor, P. M., Baker, K., Balouzet, V., Giussani, D. A., & Fowden, A. L. (2000). Developmental changes in blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system in pony fetuses during the second half of gestation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement, 56, 693–703.Fowden, A. L., Giussani, D. A., & Forhead, A. J. (2020). Physiological development of the equine fetus during late gestation. Equine Veterinary Journal, 52(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13206Frazer, G. S., Perkins, N. R., Blanchard, T. L., Orsini, J., & Threlfall, W. R. (1997). Prevalence of fetal maldispositions in equine referral hospital dystocias. Equine Veterinary Journal, 29(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb01651.Gaccioli, F., Aye, I. L. M. H., Sovio, U., Charnock-Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2018). Screening for fetal growth restriction using fetal biometry combined with maternal biomarkers. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218(2), S725–S737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.002Gaccioli, F., Lager, S., Sovio, U., Charnock-Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2017). The pregnancy outcome prediction (POP) study: Investigating the relationship between serial prenatal ultrasonography, biomarkers, placental phenotype and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placenta, 59, S17–S25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.011Galvin, N. P., & Corley, K. T. T. (2010). Causes of disease and death from birth to 12 months of age in the Thoroughbred horse in Ireland. Irish Veterinary Journal, 63(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-63-1-37Gammill, H. S., Fraer, L. M., & Simhan, H. N. (2003). Racial Disparity in Midtrimester Maternal Serum Alfafetoprotein (MSAFP) as a Marker for Spontaneous Preterm Birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189(6), 392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2003.10.394Ginther, O. J. (2007). Ultrasonic imaging and animal reproduction colors doppler ultrasonography. Equisevices Publishing.Ginther, O. J. (2014). How ultrasound technologies have expanded and revolutionized research in reproduction in large animals. Theriogenology, 81(1), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.007Ginther, O. J. (2021). Equine embryo mobility. A game changer. Theriogenology, 174, 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.006Girard, S., Tremblay, L., Lepage, M., & Alerts, E. (2022). IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects against Placental and Neurodevelopmental Defects Induced by Maternal Inflammation. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0903349Grandjean, P. (1995). Biomarkers in Epidemiology. European Beckman Coference, 41(12), 1800–1803.H El-Sheikh Ali, E L Legack, K E Scoggin, S C Loux, P Dini, A Esteller-Vico, A J Conley, S. D. S. and B. A. B. (2020). Steroid synthesis and metabolism in the equine placenta during placentitis. Society for Reproduction and Fertility, 159, 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-11-0286Haneda, S., Dini, P., Esteller-Vico, A., Scoggin, K. E., Squires, E. L., Troedsson, M. H., Daels, P., Nambo, Y., & Ball, B. A. (2021). Estrogens regulate placental angiogenesis in horses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212116Hartwig, F. P., Antunez, L., Dos Santos, R. S., Lisboa, F. P., Pfeifer, L. F. M., Nogueira, C. E. W., & Curcio, B. da R. (2013). Determining the gestational age of crioulo mares based on a fetal ocular measure. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33(7), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.203Hendriks, W. K., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G. C., & Stout, T. A. E. (2009). Maternal age and parity influence ultrasonographic measurements of fetal growth in Dutch Warmblood mares. Animal Reproduction Science, 115(1–4), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.014Henry Barton, M. (2011). Understanding abdominal ultrasonography in horses: which way is up? Compendium (Yardley, PA), 33(9).Hong, C. B., Donahue, J. M., Giles, R. C., Petrites-Murphy, M. B., Poonacha, K. B., Roberts, A. W., Smith, B. J., Tramontin, R. R., Tuttle, P. A., & Swerczek, T. W. (1993). Equine abortion and stillbirth in central Kentucky during 1988 and 1989 foaling seasons. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5(4), 560–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879300500410Hong C.B, Donahue, J. M., Giles, R. C., Poonacha, K. B., Roberts, A. W., Smith, B. J., Tramontin, R. R., Tuttle, P. A., & Swerczek, T. W. (1993). Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 5(1), 56–63.Hu, J., Zhang, J., Chan, Y., & Zhu, B. (2019). A rat model of placental inflammation explains the unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 45(10), 1980–1988. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14085Huerta-Enochian, G., Katz, V., & Erfurth, S. (2001). The association of abnormal α-fetoprotein and adverse pregnancy outcome: Does increased fetal surveillance affect pregnancy outcome? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 184(7), 1549–1555. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2001.114864Hughes, A. E., Sovio, U., Gaccioli, F., Cook, E., Charnock-Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2019). The association between first trimester AFP to PAPP-A ratio and placentally-related adverse pregnancy outcome. Placenta, 81(April), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2019.04.005Hughes, C. E., & Nibbs, R. J. B. (2018). A guide to chemokines and their receptors. FEBS Journal, 285(16), 2944–2971. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.14466Incze, B. B. A., Aska, F. B., & Zenci, O. S. (2015). Fetal heart rate and fetal heart rate variability in Lipizzaner broodmares. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 63(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.2015.007Isani, G., Ferlizza, E., Cuoghi, A., Bellei, E., Monari, E., Bianchin Butina, B., & Castagnetti, C. (2016). Identification of the most abundant proteins in equine amniotic fluid by a proteomic approach. Animal Reproduction Science, 174, 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.10.003Jacobsen, S., & Andersen, P. H. (2007). The acute phase protein serum amyloid a (SAA) as a marker of inflammation in horses. Equine Veterinary Education, 19(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.2746/095777307X177235Kamata, S., Akahoshi, N., & Ishii, I. (2015). 2D DIGE proteomic analysis highlights delayed postnatal repression of α-fetoprotein expression in homocystinuria model mice. FEBS Open Bio, 5, 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fob.2015.06.008Kasahara, Y., Yoshida, C., Saito, M., & Kimura, Y. (2021). Assessments of Heart Rate and Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Activities of Normal Mouse Fetuses at Different Stages of Fetal Development Using Fetal Electrocardiography. Frontiers in Physiology, 12(April), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.652828Kelleman, A. (2014). Equine Pregnancy and Clinical Applied Physiology. 59th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners - AAEP, 59, 350–358.Kimura, Y., Haneda, S., Aoki, T., Furuoka, H., Miki, W., Fukumoto, N., Matsui, M., & Nambo, Y. (2018). Combined thickness of the uterus and placenta and ultrasonographic examinations of uteroplacental tissues in normal pregnancy, placentitis, and abnormal parturitions in heavy draft horses. Journal of Equine Science, 29(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.29.1Klein, C. (2016). Theriogenology The role of relaxin in mare reproductive physiology : A comparative review with other species. Theriogenology, 86(1), 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.061Kotoyori, Y., Yokoo, N., Ito, K., Murase, H., Sato, F., Korosue, K., & Nambo, Y. (2012). Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the equine fetus. Theriogenology, 77(7), 1480–1486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.020Krakowski, L., Brodzki, P., Krakowska, I., Opielak, G., Marczuk, J., & Piech, T. (2020). The Level of Prolactin, Serum Amyloid A, and Selected Biochemical Markers in Mares Before and After Parturition and Foal Heat. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 84, 102854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102854Kuhl, J., Stock, K. F., Wulf, M., & Aurich, C. (2015). Maternal lineage of Warmblood mares contributes to variation of gestation length and bias of foal sex ratio. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139358Lanci, A., Castagnetti, C., Ranciati, S., Sergio, C., & Mariella, J. (2019). A regression model including fetal orbit measurements to predict parturition in Standardbred mares with normal pregnancy. Theriogenology, 126, 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.020Laugier, C., Foucher, N., Sevin, C., Leon, A., & Jakcie, T. (2011). A 24-Year Retrospective Study of Equine Abortion in Normandy (France ). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(3), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2010.12.012Lee, W., & Roh, Y. (2017). Ultrasonic transducers for medical diagnostic imaging. Biomedical Engineering Letters, 7(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-017-0021-8Legacki, E. L., Corbin, C. J., Ball, B. A., Wynn, M., Loux, S., Stanley, S. D., & Conley, A. J. (2016). Progestin withdrawal at parturition in the mare. Reproduction, 152(4), 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1530/rep-16-0227Legacki, E. L., Scholtz, E. L., Ball, B. A., Esteller-Vico, A., Stanley, S. D., & Conley, A. J. (2019). Concentrations of sulphated estrone, estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone measured by mass spectrometry in pregnant mares. Equine Veterinary Journal, 51(6), 802–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13109Löf, H., Gregory, J. W., Neves, A. P., Jobim, M. I. M., Gregory, R. M., & Mottos, R. C. (2014). Combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) as indicator of placentitis in Thoroughbred mares. Pferdeheilkunde, 30(1), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.21836/pem20140105MacLaren, G., Kluger, R., Prior, D., Royse, A., & Royse, C. (2006). Tissue Doppler, Strain, and Strain Rate Echocardiography: Principles and Potential Perioperative Applications. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 20(4), 583–593. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2006.02.034Macpherson, M. L. (2006). Diagnosis and Treatment of Equine Placentitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice, 22(3), 763–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2006.08.005Maserati, M., & Mutto, A. (2016). In Vitro Production of Equine Embryos and Cloning: Today’s Status. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 41, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.04.004Matsui, K., Sugano, S., Masuyama, I., Akio, A., & KANO, Y. (1984). Alterations in the heart rate of thoroughbred Horse, Pony and Holstein Cow through Pre amd Post Natal Stages. Japan Journal of Veterinary Science, 46(4), 505–510.Mayeux, R. (2004). Biomarkers: Potential Uses and Limitations. The Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 1(2), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1602/neurorx.1.2.182McKinnon, A., Squires, E. L., Vaala, W. E., & Varner, D. (2011). Equine Reproduction (2nd ed., Vol. 1). Blackwell.McGladeery A., O. J. (2016). Vascular Impedance Of The Umbilical Cord Artery During Equine Pregnancy. Equine Veterinary Journal, 48, 10–11.Mette, C., Camilla Dooleweerdt, B., Stine, J., Anders Miki, B., Morten Roenn, P., & Henrik, L. J. (2010). Evaluation of the systemic acute phase response and endometrial gene expression of serum amyloid A and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mares with experimentally induced endometritis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 138(1–2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.011Mizejewski, G. J. (2001). Alpha-fetoprotein structure and function: Relevance to isoforms, epitopes, and conformational variants. In Experimental Biology and Medicine (Vol. 226, Issue 5, pp. 377–408). https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020122600503Morel, M. C. G. D. (2016). Equine Reproductive Physiology , Breeding and Stud Management (Issue July).Morris, S., Kelleman, A. A., Stawicki, R. J., Hansen, P. J., Sheerin, P. C., Sheerin, B. R., Paccamonti, D. L., & LeBlanc, M. M. (2007). Transrectal ultrasonography and plasma progestin profiles identifies feto-placental compromise in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Theriogenology, 67(4), 681–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.05.021Murase, H., Endo, Y., Tsuchiya, T., Kotoyori, Y., & Shikichi, M. (2014). Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Equine Fetal Growth Throughout Gestation in Normal Mares Using a Convex Transducer Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Equine Fetal Growth Throughout Gestation in Normal Mares Using a Convex Transducer. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76(7), 947–953. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0259Nagel, C., Aurich, J., & Aurich, C. (2010). Determination of heart rate and heart rate variability in the equine fetus by fetomaternal electrocardiography. Theriogenology, 73(7), 973–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.026Nagel, C., Aurich, J., Palm, F., & Aurich, C. (2011). Heart rate and heart rate variability in pregnant warmblood and Shetland mares as well as their fetuses. Animal Reproduction Science, 127(3–4), 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.07.021Nagel, C., Erber, R., Ille, N., von Lewinski, M., Aurich, J., Möstl, E., & Aurich, C. (2014). Parturition in horses is dominated by parasympathetic activity of the autonomous nervous system. Theriogenology, 82(1), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.015Newby, D., Dalgliesh, G., Lyall, F., & Aitken, D. A. (2005). Alphafetoprotein and alphafetoprotein receptor expression in the normal human placenta at term. Placenta, 26(2–3), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2004.06.005Ousey, J. C. (2006). Hormone Profiles and Treatments in the Late Pregnant Mare. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice, 22(3), 727–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2006.08.004Pazinato, F. M., Curcio, B. R., Fernandes, C. G., Feijó, L. S., Schmith, R. A., & Nogueira, C. E. W. (2016). Histological features of the placenta and their relation to the gross and data from Thoroughbred mares. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 36(7), 665–670. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016000700018Platt, H. (1978). Growth and maturity in the equine fetus. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71(9), 658–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107687807100906Pozor, M. A., Sheppard, B., Hinrichs, K., Kelleman, A. A., Macpherson, M. L., Runcan, E., Choi, Y. H., Diaw, M., & Mathews, P. M. (2016). Placental abnormalities in equine pregnancies generated by SCNT from one donor horse. Theriogenology, 86(6), 1573–1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.017Raś, A., & Raś-Noryńska, M. (2021). A retrospective study of twin pregnancy management in mares. Theriogenology, 176, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.018Razquin-Echeverriarza, P., McCue, P. M., Cappella-Flores, P., Vargas-Leitón, B., & Estrada-König, S. (2019). Ultrasonographic measurement of the equine fetal vitreous body length for predicting days to parturition in Pura Raza Española horses. Ciencias Veterinarias, 37(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15359/rcv.37-2.1Reef, V. B., Vaala, W. E., Worth, L. T., Spencer, P. A., & Hammett, B. (1995). Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Fetus and Intrauterine Environment in Healthy Mares During Late Gestation. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 36(6), 533–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00308Reef, V., Vaala, W., Worth, L., Sertich, P., & Pamela, A. (1996). Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal well-being during late gestation : development of an equine biophysical profile. Equine Veterinary Journal, 28, 200–208.Renaudin, C., Gillis, C. L., Tarantal, A. F., & Coleman, D. A. (2000). Evaluation of equine fetal growth from day 100 of gestation to parturition by ultrasonography. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement, 56, 651–660.Renaudin, C., Liu, I. K. M., Troedsson, M. H. T., & Schrenzel, M. D. (1999). Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: A report of two cases. Equine Veterinary Education, 11(2), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00924Renaudin, CD., Troedsson, M. H. T., Gillis, C. L., King, V. L., & Bodena, A. (1997). Ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta by transrectal and transabdominal approach in the normal pregnant mare. Theriogenology, 47, 559–573.Requena, F. D., Agüera, E. I., Requena, F., & Pérez-marín, C. C. (2017). Transrectal ultrasonographic measurements of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta in Spanish Purebred mares. Animal Reproduction, 14, 1278–1284. https://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR0029Rizzo, A., Galgano, M., Mutinati, M., & Sciorsci, R. L. (2019). Alpha-fetoprotein in animal reproduction. Research in Veterinary Science, 123(October 2018), 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.028Robertson, H. A., Saunders, N. R., & Lorscheider, F. L. (1984). Distribution of alpha-fetoprotein in fetal plasma and in amniotic and allantoic fluids of the pig. Journals of Reproduction & Fertility, 70, 605–607.Robles, M., Dubois, C., Gautier, C., Dahirel, M., Guenon, I., & Bouraima-lelong, H. (2018). Theriogenology Maternal parity affects placental development , growth and metabolism of foals until 1 year and a half. Theriogenology, 108, 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.019Rosenstreich, D. L., & Wahl, S. M. (1979). Cellular Sources of Lymphokines. In Biology of the Lymphokines. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-178250-4.50013-1Ross, J., Palmer, J. E., & Wilkins, P. A. (2008). Body wall tears during late pregnancy in mares: 13 cases (1995-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 232(2), 257–261. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.2.257Saini, N. S., Mohindroo, J., Mahajan, S. K., Raghunath, M., Kumar, A., Sangwan, V., Singh, T., Singh, N., Singh, S. S., Anand, A., & Singh, K. (2013). Surgical Correction of Uterine Torsion and Mare-Foal Survival in Advance Pregnant Equine Patients. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.04.012Salameh, M., Lee, J., Palomaki, G., Eklund, E., Curran, P., Suarez, J. A. R., Lambert-Messerlian, G., & Bourjeily, G. (2018). Snoring and markers of fetal and placental wellbeing. Clinica Chimica Acta, 485, 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.039Satué, K., Felipe, M., Mota, J., & Muñoz, A. (2011). Factors influencing gestational length in mares: A review. Livestock Science, 136(2–3), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.09.011Sandra, N., & Wilsher, A. (2009). Studies in Equine Reproduction. In University of Bedfordshire. University of Bedfordshire.Satué, K., Marcilla, M., Medica, P., Ferlazzo, A., & Fazio, E. (2018). Sequential concentrations of placental growth factor and haptoglobin, and their relation to oestrone sulphate and progesterone in pregnant Spanish Purebred mare. Theriogenology, 115, 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.033Schieving, J. H., De Vries, M., Van Vugt, J. M. G., Weemaes, C., Van Deuren, M., Nicolai, J., Wevers, R. A., & Willemsen, M. A. (2014). Alpha-fetoprotein, a fascinating protein and biomarker in neurology. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 18(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.09.003Shikichi, M., Iwata, K., Ito, K., Miyakoshi, D., Murase, H., Sato, F., Korosue, K., Nagata, S., & Nambo, Y. (2017). Abnormal pregnancies associated with deviation in progestin and estrogen profiles in late pregnant mares: A diagnostic aid. Theriogenology, 98, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.024Silva, E. S. M. da, Pantoja, J. C. de F., Puoli, J. N. P., & Meira, C. (2015). Ultrasonography of the conceptus development from days 15 to 60 of pregnancy in non-cyclic recipient mares. Ciência Rural, 45(3), 512–518. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140517Smith, K., Lai, P. C. W., Robertson, H. A., Church, R. B., & Lorscheider, F. L. (1979). allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid and maternal plasma of Distribution of alpha1-fetoprotein in fetal plasma of cows. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 57, 235–238.Snider, T. A. (2015). Reproductive Disorders in Horses. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice, 31(2), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2015.04.011Souza, A. M., Winter, G. H. Z., Garbade, P., Wolf, C. A., Jobim, M. I. M., Gregory, R. M., & Mattos, R. C. (2010). Ultrasonographic evaluation of the Criollo mare placenta. Animal Reproduction Science, 121(1–2), 320–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.131Stolla, R., Bollwein, H., Weber, F., & Wosche, I. (2004). Transrectal Doppler sonography of uterine and umbilical blood flow during pregnancy in mares. Theriogenology, 61, 499–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00225-5Tan, C., Murai, Y., Liu, W., Tasaka, Y., Dong, F., & Takeda, Y. (2021). Ultrasonic Doppler Technique for Application to Multiphase Flows: A Review. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 144(January), 103811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103811Tang, S., Yuan, K., & Chen, L. (2022). Molecular biomarkers, network biomarkers, and dynamic network biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of rare diseases. Fundamental Research, xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.011Troedsson, M. H. T. (2007). High risk pregnant mare. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 49(SUPPL. 1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-49-S1-S9Turner, R. M., McDonnell, S. M., Feit, E. M., Grogan, E. H., & Foglia, R. (2006). Real-time ultrasound measure of the fetal eye (vitreous body) for prediction of parturition date in small ponies. Theriogenology, 66(2), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.11.019Vega, F. E. (2012). Caracterización ultrasonográfica de la unidad útero-placentaria y del feto en yeguas criollas colombianas con gestaciones normales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 5(11), 76.Vega, F. E. (2013). Medidas ultrasonográficas del espesor conjunto de la unión útero-placentaria en yeguas criollas colombianas. Acta Agronomica, 62(2), 148–154.Vietri, L., Fui, A., Bergantini, L., d’Alessandro, M., Cameli, P., Sestini, P., Rottoli, P., & Bargagli, E. (2020). Serum amyloid A: A potential biomarker of lung disorders. Respiratory Investigation, 58(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2019.09.005Vilaregut, L., Lores, M., & Wilsher, S. (2021). The Yolk Sac of the Equine Placenta. Its Remnant and Potential Problems. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 96, 103322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103322Vincze, B., Baska, F., Papp, M., & Szenci, O. (2019). Introduction of a new fetal examination protocol for on-field and clinical equine practice. Theriogenology, 125, 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.004Vincze, B., Gáspárdy, A., Kulcsár, M., Baska, F., Bálint, Á., Hegedus, G. T., & Szenci, O. (2015). Equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in Lipizzaner mares with normal pregnancies and with pregnancy loss. Theriogenology, 84(9), 1581–1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.006Vincze, B., Solymosi, N., Debnár, V., Kútvölgyi, G., Krikó, E., Wölfling, A., & Szenci, O. (2018). Assessment of equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in mares and newborn foals in the periparturient period. Theriogenology, 122, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.026Wald, N. J., & Bestwick, J. P. (2016). Prenatal reflex DNA screening for Down syndrome: Enhancing the screening performance of the initial first trimester test. Prenatal Diagnosis, 36(4), 328–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.4784Wilkins, P. A. (2003). Monitoring the pregnant mare in the ICU. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, 2(2), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1534-7516(03)00002-7Witters I, Coumans A, Gyselaers W, F. J. (2013). Echographic diagnosis of lumbosacralspina bifida Neural. Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde, 69(9), 453–455.Wynn, M. A. A., Ball, B. A., May, J., Esteller-Vico, A., Canisso, I., Squires, E., & Troedsson, M. (2018). Changes in maternal pregnane concentrations in mares with experimentally-induced, ascending placentitis. Theriogenology, 122, 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.001Wynn, M. A. A., Esteller-Vico, A., Legacki, E. L., Conley, A. J., Loux, S. C., Stanley, S. D., Curry, T. E., Squires, E. L., Troedsson, M. H., & Ball, B. A. (2018). A comparison of progesterone assays for determination of peripheral pregnane concentrations in the late pregnant mare. Theriogenology, 106, 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.002Zhang, J.-M., & An, J. (2007). Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain. International Anesthesiology Clinics, 45(2), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/AIA.0b013e318034194Descripción de parámetros biométricos fetales y concentración de alfafetoproteína en yeguas de grupo racial criollo colombiano en el último tercio de la gestaciónEstudiantesInvestigadoresMaestrosLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83231/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53ORIGINAL531775772022.2022.pdf531775772022.2022.pdfTesis de Maestría en Salud Animalapplication/pdf877049https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83231/5/531775772022.2022.pdf79d802193566128a5d48f83bba43607cMD55THUMBNAIL531775772022.2022.pdf.jpg531775772022.2022.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4725https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83231/6/531775772022.2022.pdf.jpgb08f9f7ba68b3d579df8c3a2bd30fbe4MD56unal/83231oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/832312024-08-15 23:15:16.031Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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 |