La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.

Ilustraciones

Autores:: Peña García, Juliana

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Repositorio:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Blockchain technology as a tool to improve the structure and functioning of electricity markets
title	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.
spellingShingle	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos. 330 - Economía Energía eléctrica Mercado Fourth Industrial Revolution Startups Blockchain Energy markets Mercados de energía Cuarta revolución industrial
title_short	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.
title_full	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.
title_fullStr	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.
title_full_unstemmed	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.
title_sort	La tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Peña García, Juliana
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Manrique Diaz, Oscar Gonzalo
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Peña García, Juliana
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv	330 - Economía
topic	330 - Economía Energía eléctrica Mercado Fourth Industrial Revolution Startups Blockchain Energy markets Mercados de energía Cuarta revolución industrial
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv	Energía eléctrica Mercado
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Fourth Industrial Revolution Startups Blockchain Energy markets
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Mercados de energía Cuarta revolución industrial
description	Ilustraciones
publishDate	2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2021-08-26T20:40:19Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2021 2021-08-26T20:40:19Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2021
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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url	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80033 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Amoordon, A., & Rocha, H. (2019). Presenting Tendermint: Idiosyncrasies, Weaknesses, and Good Practices. IWBOSE 2019 - 2019 IEEE 2nd International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWBOSE.2019.8666541 Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Abram, S., Geach, D., Jenkins, D., … Peacock, A. (2019). Blockchain technology in the energy sector: a systematic review of challenges and opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 100, 143–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.014 Banco Mundial. (2019). The energy progress report. Barbosa, S., Butler, R., & Pettey, C. (2017). A MultiChain-Based Homework Submission System. 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCI.2017.185 BBVA. (2020). Te ayudamos a descubrir qué es un “token” y para qué sirve. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.bbva.com/es/que-es-un-token-y-para-que-sirve/ Castellanos, J. A. F., Coll-Mayor, D., & Notholt, J. A. (2017). Cryptocurrency as guarantees of origin: Simulating a green certificate market with the Ethereum Blockchain. 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering, SEGE 2017, 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE.2017.8052827 Celsia. (2018). 2018 Integrated report. Retrieved from https://www.celsia.com/en/about-celsia/innovation CoinMarketCap - SolarCoin. (2020). Retrieved April 16, 2020, from https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/solarcoin/ Consensys. (2018). Blockchain in the Energy Sector: Uses and Applications. Retrieved April 7, 2020, from https://consensys.net/blockchain-use-cases/energy-and-sustainability/ Consensys. (2019). GridPlus - Welcome to the future of energy. CREG. (2019). Agenda Regulatoria CREG 2020. DANE. (2019). Boletín técnico - Pobreza multidimensional en Colombia. Decusatis, C., & Lotay, K. (2018). Secure, Decentralized Energy Resource Management Using the Ethereum Blockchain. Proceedings - 17th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications and 12th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering, Trustcom/BigDataSE 2018, 1907–1913. https://doi.org/10.1109/TrustCom/BigDataSE.2018.00290 Di Silvestre, M. L., Gallo, P., Ippolito, M. G., Riva Sanseverino, E., Sciume, G., & Zizzo, G. (2018). An Energy Blockchain, a Use Case on Tendermint. Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC/I and CPS Europe 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8493919 Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa, Gallo, P., Ippolito, M. G., Musca, R., Riva Sanseverino, E., Tran, Q. T. T., & Zizzo, G. (2019). Ancillary Services in the Energy Blockchain for Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(6), 7310–7319. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2909496 EcoGox. (2021). EcoGox. Retrieved February 12, 2021, from https://www.ecogox.com/ Economía TIC. (2018). ¿Qué es una startup? Definición, características, ventajas,... Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://economiatic.com/que-es-una-startup/ ElectricCahin. (2018). ElectricChain. Retrieved from http://www.electricchain.org/ Electron. (2020). Electron \| Empowering Distributed Energy Markets. Retrieved February 1, 2021, from https://electron.net/ Enel X. (2017). e-Mobility Revolution, en pista para la movilidad eléctrica. Retrieved from https://www.enelx.com/es/news-and-media/news/2017/11/eMobility-Revolution-en-pista-para-la-movilidad-eléctrica Enel X. (2019). ¿Qué es una microrred? Retrieved from https://www.enelx.com/es/search?q=microrred Enerchain. (2019). Enerchain - Decentrally traded decentral energy. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from https://enerchain.ponton.de/index.php Energy Web. (2020). EW-DOS: The Energy Web Decentralized Operating System. In Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 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Technology \| Guardtime. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://guardtime.com/technology Guardtime. (2017). U.S. DoE Contracts industry partners for blockchain cybersecurity solutions. Retrieved May 8, 2020, from https://guardtime.com/blog/us-department-of-energy-contracts-guardtime-pnnl-siemens-and-industry-partners-to-develop-blockchain-cybersecurity-technology-for-distributed-energy-resources Guzmán, D. G. (2018). Potencial de la tecnología blockchain en el mercado energético. ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI) MÁSTER. Hunt, S., & Shuttleworth, G. (1996). Competition and Choice in Electricity. Hyperledger. (2017). Hyperledger - Blockchain technologies for business. Retrieved February 5, 2021, from https://hyperledger.github.io./ Indra Company. (n.d.). Peer to Peer (P2P), nuevos modelos de negocio entre ciudadanos. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.indracompany.com/es/blogneo/peer-peer-p2p-modelos-negocio-ciudadanos IRENA. (2019). Innovation landscape brief: Supergrids. Jouliette. (2020). Jouliette at De Ceuvel. Retrieved from https://www.jouliette.net/index.html Kang, E. S., Pee, S. J., Song, J. G., & Jang, J. W. (2018). A Blockchain-Based Energy Trading Platform for Smart Homes in a Microgrid. 2018 3rd International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems, ICCCS 2018, 291–296. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCOMS.2018.8463317 Karandikar, N., Chakravorty, A., & Rong, C. (2019). Transactive Energy on Hyperledger Fabric. 2019 6th International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security, IOTSMS 2019, (267967), 539–546. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTSMS48152.2019.8939271 Karandikar, N., Chakravorty, A., & Rong, C. (2020). RenewLedger : Renewable energy management powered by Hyperledger Fabric. Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2020-July. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCC50000.2020.9219651 Kirschen, D. S., & Strbac, G. (2004). Fundamentals of Power System Economics. Kodali, R. K., Yerroju, S., & Yogi, B. Y. K. (2019). Blockchain Based Energy Trading. IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON, 2018-Octob(October), 1778–1783. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.2018.8650447 Livingston, D., Sivaram, V., Freeman, M., & Fiege, M. (2018). Applying Blockchain Technology to Electric Power Systems. JSTOR. LO3 Energy. (2019). Brooklyn Microgrid - Community powered energy. Retrieved from https://www.brooklyn.energy/ López, D. (2020). Entrevista a trabajador de Neu Energy. Mengelkamp, E., Gärttner, J., Rock, K., Kessler, S., Orsini, L., & Weinhardt, C. (2018). Designing microgrid energy markets. A case study: The Brooklyn Microgrid. Applied Energy, 210, 870–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.054 Merz, M. (2017). Gridchain – Blockchain-based process integration for the smart grids of the future. Retrieved from https://enerchain.ponton.de/index.php/articles/2-uncategorised/16-gridchain-blockchain-based-process-integration-for-the-smart-grids-of-the-future Millán, J. (2006). Entre el mercado y el Estado. Tres décadas de reformas en el sector de América Latina (Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Ed.). Ministerio de Minas y Energía. (2020). María Fernanda Suárez, la Ministra que inició la transición Energética en Colombia. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://www.minenergia.gov.co/web/guest/historico-de-noticias?idNoticia=24212227 Multichain. (2016). MultiChain \| Open source blockchain platform. Retrieved February 9, 2021, from https://www.multichain.com/ Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin : A Peer-to-Peer electronic cash system. 1–9. Neu Energy. (2020). Neu Energy. Retrieved from https://www.neu.com.co/ Ospina, E. (2020). Entrevista a trabajador de Unergy. Park, C. H., Mejia Barlongo, I., & Kim, Y. (2019). A Market Place Solution for Energy Transaction on Ethereum Blockchain. 2019 IEEE 10th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, IEMCON 2019, 398–402. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMCON.2019.8936157 Philbeck, T., & Davis, N. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Shaping a new era. Journal of International Affairs, 72(1), 17–22. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=134748789&lang=es&site=ehost-live Pipattanasomporn, M., Kuzlu, M., & Rahman, S. (2019). A Blockchain-based Platform for Exchange of Solar Energy: Laboratory-scale Implementation. Proceedings of the Conference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy, ICUE, 2018-Octob(October). https://doi.org/10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635679 Power Ledger. (n.d.). Power Ledger brochure. Power Ledger. (2019). Whitepaper Power Ledger. 3. PwC global power & utilities. (2016). Blockchain – an opportunity for energy producers and consumers ? Real Academia Española. (n.d.). criptografía \| Definición \| Diccionario de la lengua española \| RAE - ASALE. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://dle.rae.es/criptografía Rifkin, J. (2011). La Tercera Revolución Industrial (Ediciones; Paidós, Ed.). Rifkin, J. (2014). La sociedad de coste marginal cero (Paidós, Ed.). Sanju, S., Sankaran, S., & Achuthan, K. (2018). Energy comparison of blockchain platforms for internet of things. Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems, ISES 2018, 235–238. https://doi.org/10.1109/iSES.2018.00058 Sankaran, S., Sanju, S., & Achuthan, K. (2018). Towards realistic energy profiling of blockchains for securing internet of things. Proceedings - International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2018-July, 1454–1459. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS.2018.00148 Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. In World Economic Forum. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786430328.00006 Solar Plaza, & Blockchain 2 Energy. (2018). Comprehensive guide to blockchain and energy companies. (September). SolarCoin. (2020). SolarCoin. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from https://solarcoin.org/ Tendermint. (2014). Tendermint. Retrieved February 5, 2021, from https://tendermint.com/ TenneT. (2019). Blockchain pilot reveals potential of decentralised home storage systems for tomorrow’s energy infrastructure - TenneT. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from https://www.tennet.eu/news/detail/blockchain-pilot-reveals-potential-of-decentralised-home-storage-systems-for-tomorrows-energy-infra/ The Global Innovation Index. (2019). Global Innovation Index 2019 (12T Editio; B. L. Soumitra Dutta & S. Wunsch-Vincent, Eds.). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC. (2018). Global Warming of 1.5 oC. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ Tonev, I. (2020). Energy Trading Web Platform Based on the Ethereum Smart Contracts and Blockchain. Unergy. (2020). Unergy. Retrieved from https://unergy.io/ United States Agency, & Development, I. (2016). Learnings from Nord Pool Region: Power Market Development. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017). U.S. Electricity Grid & Markets \| Green Power Partnership \| US EPA. Retrieved February 11, 2021, from https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/us-electricity-grid-markets WePower. (2019). Wepower whitepaper. World Economic Forum. (2017). The future of electricity: new technologies transforming the grid edge. World Economic Forum. (2019). Inclusive deployment of blockchain for supply chains: Part 1 – Introduction. (March). World Energy Council. (2018a). The developing role of blockchain. London. World Energy Council. (2018b). World Energy Insights Brief - Is Blockchain in Energy Driving an Evolution o Revolution? XM S.A. E.S.P. (2020a). Descripción del Sistema Eléctrico Colombiano. Retrieved May 22, 2020, from http://www.xm.com.co/Paginas/Mercado-de-energia/descripcion-del-sistema-electrico-colombiano.aspx XM S.A. E.S.P. (2020b). Número de agentes por actividad. XM S.A. E.S.P. (2020c). OFERTA Y GENERACIÓN Marzo Hidrología del SIN. Yaker, I. F., & Restrepo, C. J. R. (2000). El desarrollo de la infraestructura en Colombia en la década de los noventa. Zou, Z., & Chen, H. (2019). Data sharing method of power distribution and consumption network based on multi-chain. (Imcec), 247–253.
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv	xiii, 88 páginas
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dc.coverage.country.none.fl_str_mv	Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv	Medellín - Ciencias Humanas y Económicas - Maestría en Ciencias Económicas
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv	Departamento de Economía
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv	Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv	Medellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
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spelling	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Manrique Diaz, Oscar Gonzalo0339e2da29acb639ecd1544c4f99f431600Peña García, Julianae1378e2669079c5532256d08dfa615632021-08-26T20:40:19Z20212021-08-26T20:40:19Z2021https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80033Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/IlustracionesLiterary review focused on how blockchain technology is applied in the most important electricity markets around the world, since it has become one of the most influential tools in the transformation that this sector is experiencing and one of the most revolutionary within technologies framed in what is now known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This in order to identify and try to anticipate the possible impacts on the structure of the energy market in Colombia and the regulatory base on which it works, in order to particularize and take references that help to constitute the energy transition that is already underway. is giving in the country. A systematic literature search was carried out in order to collect, synthesize and analyze the studies and empirical evidence on the subject, mainly in the countries that stood out worldwide for being the most innovative, allowing a deeper interpretation of the data. According to the registered information, many startups that are dedicated to researching the subject and developing blockchain implementations in controlled energy systems were evidenced, where significant contributions have been observed in the quality, timeliness, efficiency and dynamism of the electricity market, however before to achieve large implementations it is clear that some issues must be solved and defined, for example regulatory aspects.Revisión literaria centrada en cómo la tecnología blockchain es aplicada en los mercados de energía eléctrica más importantes alrededor del mundo, toda vez que se ha convertido en una de las herramientas más influyentes en la transformación que vive este sector y una de las más revolucionarias dentro de las tecnologías enmarcadas en lo que hoy se conoce como la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. Esto con el fin de identificar y tratar de anticipar los posibles impactos en la estructura del mercado de energía en Colombia y la base regulatoria sobre la cual este funciona, para de este modo particularizar y tomar referencias que ayuden a constituir la transición energética que ya se está dando en el país. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura con el fin de recopilar, sintetizar y analizar los estudios y evidencias empíricas del tema principalmente en los países destacados a nivel mundial por ser los más innovadores, posibilitando una interpretación de los datos más profunda. Según la información registrada se evidenciaron muchas startups que están dedicadas a investigar sobre el tema y a desarrollar implementaciones de blockchain en sistemas de energía controlados, en donde se han observado aportes significativos en la calidad, oportunidad, eficiencia y dinamismo del mercado eléctrico, no obstante antes de lograr grandes implementaciones es claro que se deberán solucionar y definir algunos temas por ejemplo los aspectos de tipo regulatorio. (texto tomado de la fuente)MaestríaMagister en Ciencias Económicasxiii, 88 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Ciencias Humanas y Económicas - Maestría en Ciencias EconómicasDepartamento de EconomíaFacultad de Ciencias Humanas y EconómicasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín330 - EconomíaEnergía eléctricaMercadoFourth Industrial RevolutionStartupsBlockchainEnergy marketsMercados de energíaCuarta revolución industrialLa tecnología blockchain como una herramienta para mejorar la estructura y funcionamiento de los mercados eléctricos.Blockchain technology as a tool to improve the structure and functioning of electricity marketsTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMColombiaAmoordon, A., & Rocha, H. (2019). Presenting Tendermint: Idiosyncrasies, Weaknesses, and Good Practices. IWBOSE 2019 - 2019 IEEE 2nd International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWBOSE.2019.8666541Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Abram, S., Geach, D., Jenkins, D., … Peacock, A. (2019). Blockchain technology in the energy sector: a systematic review of challenges and opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 100, 143–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.014Banco Mundial. (2019). The energy progress report.Barbosa, S., Butler, R., & Pettey, C. (2017). A MultiChain-Based Homework Submission System. 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCI.2017.185BBVA. (2020). Te ayudamos a descubrir qué es un “token” y para qué sirve. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.bbva.com/es/que-es-un-token-y-para-que-sirve/Castellanos, J. A. F., Coll-Mayor, D., & Notholt, J. A. (2017). Cryptocurrency as guarantees of origin: Simulating a green certificate market with the Ethereum Blockchain. 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering, SEGE 2017, 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE.2017.8052827Celsia. (2018). 2018 Integrated report. Retrieved from https://www.celsia.com/en/about-celsia/innovationCoinMarketCap - SolarCoin. (2020). Retrieved April 16, 2020, from https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/solarcoin/Consensys. (2018). Blockchain in the Energy Sector: Uses and Applications. Retrieved April 7, 2020, from https://consensys.net/blockchain-use-cases/energy-and-sustainability/Consensys. (2019). GridPlus - Welcome to the future of energy.CREG. (2019). Agenda Regulatoria CREG 2020.DANE. (2019). Boletín técnico - Pobreza multidimensional en Colombia.Decusatis, C., & Lotay, K. (2018). Secure, Decentralized Energy Resource Management Using the Ethereum Blockchain. Proceedings - 17th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications and 12th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering, Trustcom/BigDataSE 2018, 1907–1913. https://doi.org/10.1109/TrustCom/BigDataSE.2018.00290Di Silvestre, M. L., Gallo, P., Ippolito, M. G., Riva Sanseverino, E., Sciume, G., & Zizzo, G. (2018). An Energy Blockchain, a Use Case on Tendermint. Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC/I and CPS Europe 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8493919Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa, Gallo, P., Ippolito, M. G., Musca, R., Riva Sanseverino, E., Tran, Q. T. T., & Zizzo, G. (2019). Ancillary Services in the Energy Blockchain for Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(6), 7310–7319. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2909496EcoGox. (2021). EcoGox. 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(Imcec), 247–253.EspecializadaLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83964https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/80033/1/license.txtcccfe52f796b7c63423298c2d3365fc6MD51ORIGINAL42162792.2021.pdf42162792.2021.pdfTesis Maestría en Ciencias Económicasapplication/pdf3416633https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/80033/4/42162792.2021.pdf0397a4934249c4f9bbb9c6894328a80bMD54CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8908https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/80033/5/license_rdf0175ea4a2d4caec4bbcc37e300941108MD55THUMBNAIL42162792.2021.pdf.jpg42162792.2021.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4312https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/80033/6/42162792.2021.pdf.jpgf1c511e0750679269590dbceeb782984MD56unal/80033oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/800332024-07-28 01:12:44.782Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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