Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant

Ilustraciones

Autores:: Vélez Sánchez, Carlos Andrés

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Repositorio:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Idioma:: eng

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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv	Uso de herramientas de simulación computacional de modelos físicos para el diseño de sistemas de protección contra incendios de un transformador de potencia en una central de generación hidroeléctrica subterránea
title	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant
spellingShingle	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada Transformadores eléctricos Centrales hidroeléctricas Tasa de liberación de calor Extracción de humos Diseños basados en desempeño Centrales de generación hidroeléctrica Heat release rate Hydroelectric power plant Smoke extraction Performance-based design Extinción de incendios Extinción de incendios - Métodos de simulación Explosión
title_short	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant
title_full	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant
title_fullStr	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant
title_full_unstemmed	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant
title_sort	Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Vélez Sánchez, Carlos Andrés
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Molina Ochoa, Alejandro
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Vélez Sánchez, Carlos Andrés
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv	Bioprocesos y flujos reactivos
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv	620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada
topic	620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada Transformadores eléctricos Centrales hidroeléctricas Tasa de liberación de calor Extracción de humos Diseños basados en desempeño Centrales de generación hidroeléctrica Heat release rate Hydroelectric power plant Smoke extraction Performance-based design Extinción de incendios Extinción de incendios - Métodos de simulación Explosión
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv	Transformadores eléctricos Centrales hidroeléctricas
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Tasa de liberación de calor Extracción de humos Diseños basados en desempeño Centrales de generación hidroeléctrica
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Heat release rate Hydroelectric power plant Smoke extraction Performance-based design
dc.subject.wikidata.none.fl_str_mv	Extinción de incendios Extinción de incendios - Métodos de simulación Explosión
description	Ilustraciones
publishDate	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-07-24T19:30:21Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-07-24T19:30:21Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023-07-24
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
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status_str	acceptedVersion
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dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repo.none.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84252 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv	LaReferencia
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El Colombiano. https://www.elcolombiano.com/antioquia/incendio-en-central-termica-de-empresas-publicas-de-medellin-en-puerto-nare-antioquia-GA15377634 Binbin, W. (2011). Comparative Research on FLUENT and FDS’s Numerical Simulation of Smoke Spread in Subway Platform Fire . Procedia Engineering, 26, 1065–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2275 Bishop, J., & Rodriguez, A. (2011). Electrical Transformer Fire and Explosion Protection. KA Factor Group. BlenderFDS. (2023, January 27). BlenderFDS. https://blenderfds.org/ BRANZ. (2023, January 15). B-RISK: Design fire tool. https://www.branz.co.nz/fire-safety-design/b-risk/ BRE-Group. (2019). Fire modelling with Computational Fluid Dynamics. BRE Group \| Building a Better World Together. https://bregroup.com/a-z/fire-modelling/ Cadena, J., & Muñoz, F. (2014). Uncertainty analysis of fire simulations through FDS. http://hdl.handle.net/1992/11981 Cao, B., Dong, J. W., & Chi, M. H. (2021). 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Performance criteria used in fire safety design. Automation in Construction, 8(4), 489–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-5805(98)00096-X Hamins, A., & Mcgrattan, K. (2003). Reduced-Scale Experiments on the Water Suppression of a Rack-Storage Commodity Fire for Calibration of a CFD Fire Model. Fire Safety Science, 7, 457–468 Hietaniemi, J., & Mikkola, E. (2010). Design fires for safety engineering. VTT Working Papers, 139. URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp Hoole, P., Anak Rufus, S., Izzati bt Hashim, N., Hafiez Izzwan Saad, M., Satari Abdullah, A., Hj Othman, A.-K., Piralaharan, K., & Hoole, S. (2017). Power Transformer Fire and Explosion: Causes and Control. International Journal of Control Theory and Applications, 10. http://www.slideshare.net/marimuthusudalaimuth/mhi-transformer Huang, L., Ma, J., Li, A., & Wu, Y. (2019). Scale modeling experiments of fire-induced smoke and extraction via mechanical ventilation in an underground hydropower plant. Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 536–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.021 Hui Zhong, C., & Tunku Abdul Rahman, U. (2013). Fire dynamics simulation (FDS) study of fire in structures with curved geometry [Bachelor of Engineering Mechanical Engineering]. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Hurley, M. J. (2015). SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition Hurley, M. J., & Rosenbaum, E. R. (2015). SFPE Performance-Based Fire Safety Design ICONTEC. (1982). NORMA TÉCNICA COLOMBIANA NTC 1700: Higiene y seguridad. Medidas de seguridad en edificaciones. Medios de evacuación ICONTEC. (2009a). NORMA TÉCNICA COLOMBIANA NTC 1669: Instalación de conexiones de mangueras contra incendio ICONTEC. (2009b). NORMA TÉCNICA COLOMBIANA NTC 2885: Extintores portátiles contra incendios ICONTEC. (2011). NORMA TÉCNICA COLOMBIANA NTC 2301: Norma para la instalación de sistemas de rociadores IEEE. (2005). IEEE Std 1147, IEEE Guide for the Rehabilitation of Hydroelectric Power Plants IEEE. (2012). IEEE Std 979, IEEE Guide for Substation Fire Protection Sponsored by the Substations Jahn, W., Rein, G., & Torero, J. (2008). The effect of model parameters on the simulation of fire dynamics. Fire Safety Science, 9, 1341–1352 Johansson, N. (2021). Evaluation of a zone model for fire safety engineering in large spaces. Fire Safety Journal, 120, 103122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103122 Kaplan, I. R., Rasco, J., & Lu, S.-T. (2010). Environmental Forensics Chemical Characterization of Transformer Mineral-Insulating Oils. Chemical Characterization of Transformer Mineral-Insulating Oils, Environmental Forensics, 11, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275920903558760 Khan, A. A., Usmani, A., & Torero, J. L. (2021). Evolution of fire models for estimating structural fire-resistance. Fire Safety Journal, 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103367 Khoat, H. T., Kim, J. T., Dang Quoc, T., Kwark, J. H., & Ryou, H. S. (2020). A Numerical Analysis of the Fire Characteristics after Sprinkler Activation in the Compartment Fire. Energies, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123099 Klote, J., Milke, J., Turnbull, P., Kashef, A., & Ferreira, M. (2012). Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering Leonita, F., Sakti, H., & Nugroho, Y. S. (2017). Study of the Occupant Characteristics During Evacuation in Medium- and High-Rise Buildings in Indonesia. Fire Science and Technology 2015, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_12 Liu, C., Tian, X., Zhong, M., Lin, P., Gong, Y., Yin, B., & Wang, H. (2020). Full-scale experimental study on fire-induced smoke propagation in large underground plant of hydropower station. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103447 Lucas, M. (2009). Simulación de incendios en centrales de generación eléctrica mediante código FDS [Proyecto final de carrera Ingeniería Industrial]. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Maluk, C., Woodrow, M., & Torero, J. L. (2017). The potential of integrating fire safety in modern building design. Fire Safety Journal, 88, 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.12.006 Mariño, O. A., & Muñoz, F. (2016). Implementación de modelos de producción hollín para simulaciones de incendio en FDS [Tesis de Maestría]. In Chemical Engineering Department, UniAndes. UniAndes McGrattan, K. B. (2006a). FDS Technical Reference Guide. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1018 McGrattan, K. B. (2006b). FDS Verification Guide. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1018 McGrattan, K. B. (2006c). Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) technical reference guide volume 3: Validation. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1018 Mcgrattan, K., & Hostikka, S. (2013). Verification and Validation Process of a Fire Model. National Institute of Standards and Technology McGrattan, K., McDermott, R., Vanella, M., Hostikka, S., & Floyd, J. (2020). 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National Fire Protection Association National Fire Protection Association. (2022b). NFPA 15: Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection. www.nfpa.org/freeaccess National Fire Protection Association. (2022c). NFPA 72: National fire alarm and signaling code Olenick, S. M. (2023, January 26). International Survey of Computer Models for Fire and Smoke. https://www.firemodelsurvey.com/ Olenick, S. M., & Carpenter, D. J. (2003). An Updated International Survey of Computer Models for Fire and Smoke. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 13(2), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/104239103033367 Peacock, R. D., Reneke, P. A., & Forney, G. P. (2015a). CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 2: User’s Guide. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1889v2 Peacock, R. D., Reneke, P. A., & Forney, G. P. (2015b). 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NUREG-2232 and EPRI3002015997, Heat Release Rate and Fire Characteristics of Fuels Representative of Typical Transient Fire Events in Nuclear Power Plants. www.nrc.gov/reading-rm.html Vallejo, L. (2023). Educational program for the prevention of fires and explosions through emerging technologies (A.Molina (Ed)). In Maestría en ingeniería - Ingeniería química. Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín WiKi. (2021, April). FireFoam - OpenFOAM Wiki. Transient Solver for Fires and Turbulent Diffusion Flames with Reacting Particle Clouds, Surface Film and Pyrolysis Modelling. https://openfoamwiki.net/index.php/FireFoam Working Group A2.33. (2013). 537 Guide for Transformer Fire Safety Practices XM. (2022). Informe plantas de generación eléctrica en Colombia. XM Web Page. https://www.xm.com.co/generaci%C3%B3n/plantas Yasuda, M., & Watanabe, S. (2017). How to avoid severe incidents at hydropower plants. International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems, 10(3), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.5293/IJFMS.2017.10.3.296 Yu, H.-Z., Lee, J. L., & Kung, H.-C. (1994). Suppression of Rack-Storage Fires by Water. Fire Safety Science, 4, 901–912 Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Huang, Y., Wang, Q., Yu, Z., & Fan, M. (2019). Burning process and fire characteristics of transformer oil A study focusing on the effects of oil type. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 139, 1839–1848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08599-6 Zhu, P., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Cong, H., & Ni, X. (2017). Experimental Study on Transformer Oil Pool Fire Suppression by Water Mist. Fire Science and Technology 2015, 895–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_92
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv	166 páginas
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv	Medellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánica
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dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
institution	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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spelling	Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Molina Ochoa, Alejandro0e008ac7580858f9b01ff8266aa127b3600Vélez Sánchez, Carlos Andrésef73be8055efdd1dea59cad0222273e6Bioprocesos y flujos reactivos2023-07-24T19:30:21Z2023-07-24T19:30:21Z2023-07-24https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84252Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/IlustracionesThe design of fire protection systems in underground power plants goes beyond what is solely prescriptive. This is because, in addition to the risks of the operation of rotating and electrical equipment, there is difficulty in evaluating the time required for the evacuation of personnel due to the long distances between the access portal and the power plant. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out performance-based designs to reduce the level of uncertainty left by prescriptive designs and verify that personnel can evacuate properly. In this monograph, three different physical modeling tools (PMTs) were analyzed: Fire Dynamics simulator (FDS), Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke (CFAST) and ANSYS-FLUENT, in a case of application of fire in an oil-insulated transformer with an estimate heat release rate of 8746 kW, for which five different fire scenarios were analyzed. A prescription-based approach to the characterization of a fire protection system and a fire risk analysis in hydroelectric power plants was initially undertaken. This part was particularly devoted to a fire in an electric transformer and lead to the design of a fire protection system exclusively based on prescriptive recommendations. Five fire scenarios that considered either a confined system (the transformer cell) or an unconfined system (the transformer cell and the adjacent hallway) as well as the availability of smoke evacuation and water deluge protection were then modeled with all the three PMTs. The results from all the PMTs simulations were compared, particularly those related with smoke temperature and predicted Heat Release Rate (HRR). The available evacuation times (ASET) calculated by the PMTs and associated to risks related to changes in temperature, concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen and thermal radiation were compared with the required evacuation time (RSET) calculated by the prescriptive method. It was identified that the time required for the evacuation of personnel is less than the time available. The results of the smoke layer temperatures reported by the PMTs were compared with those calculated by the prescriptive method for the definition of the smoke extraction system. Finally, the functionality of each PMT to model the proposed fire scenarios was evaluated. FDS could be used simulate the five proposed scenarios. CFAST demanded to artificially adjust the HRR to represent the deluge extinguishing system. Even though a more detailed representation of the geometry was possible with FLUENT, only the steady-state cases could be modeled in a similar computational time frame that of FDS and with a personal computer. Even though CFAST was deemed as the easiest to use PMT, FDS was confirmed as the standard to use when modeling fires as its mathematical complexity allows for a more reliable fire representation. Although FLUENT has potential for fire simulation, its application by fire safety engineering (FSE) practitioner would be limited to steady state simulations if the simulations are to be carried out in the time frame and with the typical computational facilities available in industry.Los diseños de los sistemas de protección contra incendios en las centrales de generación subterráneas van más allá de lo netamente prescriptivo. Lo anterior se debe a que, adicional a los riesgos de la operación de los equipos rotativos y eléctricos, existe una dificultad para evaluar el tiempo necesario para la evacuación del personal debido a las largas distancias entre el portal de acceso y la casa de máquinas. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario realizar diseños basados en desempeño con el propósito de disminuir el nivel de incertidumbre que dejan los diseños prescriptivos y verificar que el personal pueda evacuar de manera adecuada. En este trabajo de grado se analizaron tres diferentes herramientas de modelación física: Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke (CFAST) y ANSYS-FLUENT, en un caso de aplicación de un incendio de un transformador de potencia refrigerado por aceite con una tasa de liberación de calor estimada de 8746 kW, para el cual se analizaron cinco escenarios de incendios diferentes. Inicialmente se caracterizó con base en el método prescriptivo un sistema de protección y de riesgos contra incendios en centrales hidroeléctricas, específicamente en lo relacionado con el transformador eléctrico. Esta caracterización permitió el diseño de un sistema protector contra incendios a partir de recomendaciones prescriptivas. Se simularon cinco escenarios de incendios que consideraban sistemas confinados (la celda del transformador) o no confinados (la celda del transformador y el pasillo aledaño) así como la disponibilidad de extractores de humo y sistemas de diluvio. Los resultados de las simulaciones de todas las herramientas de modelación física se compararon, especialmente aquellos relacionados con la temperatura del humo y la velocidad de liberación de calor (HRR, Heat Release Rate). Inicialmente, los tiempos de evacuación disponibles (ASET) calculados por métodos computacionales para niveles de riesgo relacionados con los cambios en la temperatura, la concentración de monóxido de carbono, dióxido de carbono y oxígeno y la radiación térmica se compararon con el tiempo de evacuación requerido (RSET) calculado por método prescriptivo. Se identificó que el tiempo requerido para la evacuación del personal es menor al tiempo disponible, por lo cual, el personal puede evacuar a una zona segura. Posterior a esto, se compararon los resultados de las temperaturas de la capa de humo reportadas por las herramientas de simulación física con las calculadas por el método prescriptivo para la definición del sistema de extracción de humos. Finalmente, se evaluó la funcionalidad de cada una de las herramientas de modelación física para adaptarse a los escenarios propuestos. FDS permitió simular los cinco escenarios; con CFAST fue necesario de forma artificial ajustar la HRR para representar el sistema de extinción por diluvio. En el caso de FLUENT solo fue posible simular, dentro de un tiempo de cómputo similar al de FDS y en un computador personal, dos escenarios que se presentaban en estado estable. Si bien CFAST es la herramienta de modelación física más fácil de usar, FDS se ratificó como el estándar de uso en la simulación de incendios pues la complejidad de su desarrollo matemático le permite una mejor caracterización del incendio. Si bien FLUENT tiene potencial para simular un incendio, su aplicación por parte de profesionales especializados en el área de seguridad contra incendios se limita a simulaciones en estado estable dentro de la capacidad de cómputo normalmente disponible para este tipo de análisis en la industria. (Texto tomado de la fuente)MaestríaMagister en Ingeniería MecánicaIncendios y explosionesÁrea Curricular de Ingeniería Mecánica166 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería MecánicaFacultad de MinasUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicadaTransformadores eléctricosCentrales hidroeléctricasTasa de liberación de calorExtracción de humosDiseños basados en desempeñoCentrales de generación hidroeléctricaHeat release rateHydroelectric power plantSmoke extractionPerformance-based designExtinción de incendiosExtinción de incendios - Métodos de simulaciónExplosiónUse of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power PlantUso de herramientas de simulación computacional de modelos físicos para el diseño de sistemas de protección contra incendios de un transformador de potencia en una central de generación hidroeléctrica subterráneaTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMLaReferencia3dcadportal.com. 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Fire Science and Technology 2015, 895–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_92EstudiantesPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84252/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1017129771.2023.pdf1017129771.2023.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánicaapplication/pdf6402708https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84252/2/1017129771.2023.pdfb916db5ae017f89d7d4146c1ae000259MD52THUMBNAIL1017129771.2023.pdf.jpg1017129771.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5219https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84252/3/1017129771.2023.pdf.jpg5aa03525f86f04d6fe3de5e80dc9e56fMD53unal/84252oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/842522024-08-16 23:48:23.82Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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Use of physical modeling tools in the design of fire-protection systems for an electric transformer in an underground hydroelectric Power Plant

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