Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital
Esta tesis propone una herramienta para el diseño de estrategias que permitan la madurez de operadores logísticos en la prestación de servicios de transporte en el contexto del mercado digital en Colombia, basado en los requerimientos identificados del consumidor y las capacidades de los actores inv...
- Autores:
-
Navarro Díaz, Nelson David
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/79353
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79353
- Palabra clave:
- 380 - Comercio , comunicaciones, transporte::381 - Comercio interno (Comercio doméstico)
Electronic commerce
Transporte
Comercio electrónico
Estrategias
Transporte
Colaboración
Evaluación
E-commerce
Strategies
Delivery
Collaboration
Evaluation
Comercio electrónico
Estrategias
Transporte
Colaboración
Evaluación
Comercio electrónico
Transport
- Rights
- openAccess
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- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital |
title |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital |
spellingShingle |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital 380 - Comercio , comunicaciones, transporte::381 - Comercio interno (Comercio doméstico) Electronic commerce Transporte Comercio electrónico Estrategias Transporte Colaboración Evaluación E-commerce Strategies Delivery Collaboration Evaluation Comercio electrónico Estrategias Transporte Colaboración Evaluación Comercio electrónico Transport |
title_short |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital |
title_full |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital |
title_fullStr |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital |
title_full_unstemmed |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital |
title_sort |
Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digital |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Navarro Díaz, Nelson David |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Castrellón Torres, Juan Pablo |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Navarro Díaz, Nelson David |
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
380 - Comercio , comunicaciones, transporte::381 - Comercio interno (Comercio doméstico) |
topic |
380 - Comercio , comunicaciones, transporte::381 - Comercio interno (Comercio doméstico) Electronic commerce Transporte Comercio electrónico Estrategias Transporte Colaboración Evaluación E-commerce Strategies Delivery Collaboration Evaluation Comercio electrónico Estrategias Transporte Colaboración Evaluación Comercio electrónico Transport |
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Electronic commerce |
dc.subject.ocde.none.fl_str_mv |
Transporte |
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Comercio electrónico Estrategias Transporte Colaboración Evaluación E-commerce Strategies Delivery Collaboration Evaluation |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Comercio electrónico Estrategias Transporte Colaboración Evaluación |
dc.subject.unesco.none.fl_str_mv |
Comercio electrónico Transport |
description |
Esta tesis propone una herramienta para el diseño de estrategias que permitan la madurez de operadores logísticos en la prestación de servicios de transporte en el contexto del mercado digital en Colombia, basado en los requerimientos identificados del consumidor y las capacidades de los actores involucrados en la cadena de suministro. Para este desarrollo se realizó una investigación en dos fases: una investigación descriptiva en la que por medio de información primaria y secundaria se caracterizaron las operaciones logísticas en este entorno y se establecieron los requerimientos necesarios para satisfacer las necesidades identificadas, y una segunda fase de investigación propositiva en la que se desarrolló un modelo de evaluación para las operaciones de e-commerce en la que se mide el estado actual de las operaciones y se compara con el estado ideal según este contexto. A partir de los hallazgos, se propuso un modelo de operación para los prestadores de servicios logísticos en Colombia. La propuesta metodológica se implementó en un caso aplicado en el que a través de una simulación se midieron los impactos en indicadores clave, con la obtención de reducciones en el tiempo de entrega en 58.3% del tiempo promedio de entrega inicial, y la reducción del costo de entrega del 23.9%. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-12T19:47:27Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-12T19:47:27Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79353 |
url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79353 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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GROWTH AND CHANGE, 34(4), 415–432. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00228.x Aoyama, Y. (2001). Structural foundations for e-commerce adoption: A comparative organization of retail trade between Japan and the United States. URBAN GEOGRAPHY, 22(2), 130–153. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.22.2.130 ASOBANCARIA. (2019, December 2). Ecommerce, crecimiento y ecosistema digital en Colombia. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.asobancaria.com/wp-content/uploads/1213.pdf Banco Mundial. (2018). Índice de desempeño logístico. Retrieved July 13, 2020, from https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ?end=2018&locations=CO&start=2007&view=chart BlackSip. (2019). Blackindex: El Reporte Del E-Commerce En Colombia 2019. In BlackSip. Retrieved from https://content.blacksip.com/blackindex-reporte-del-e-commerce-en-colombia-2019?utm_term=%2Becommerce %2Bcolombia&utm_medium=ppc&utm_campaign=responsys_col_cpc_ao_sem&utm_source=adwords&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ad=375327042676&hsa_mt=b&hsa_acc=7893706222&hsa Cárdenas, I., Beckers, J., & Vanelslander, T. (2017). E-commerce last-mile in Belgium: Developing an external cost delivery index. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 24, 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2017.07.006 Castellanos Domínguez, O. F., Fúquene Montañez, A. M., & Ramírez Martínez, D. C. (2011). Análisis de tendencias : de la información hacia la innovación. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, BioGestión. Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2013). Supply Chain Management Strategy, Planing and Operation (Vol. 5). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 Cifras del sector de correo y mensajería en Colombia. (2018). Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.dinero.com/edicion-impresa/negocios/articulo/cifras-del-sector-de-correo-y-mensajeria-en-colombia/259833 Clement, J. (2019). Global retail e-commerce market size 2014-2021 | Statista. Retrieved February 7, 2019, from Www.Statista.Com website: https://www.statista.com/statistics/379046/worldwide-retail-e-commerce-sales/ CONSEJO PRIVADO DE COMPETITIVIDAD. (2020). INFRAESTRUCTURA, TRANSPORTE Y LOGISTICA-INFORME NACIONAL DE COMPETITIVIDAD 2019-2020. Creswwll, J. W. (2014). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative ans Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.) Croom, S. (2001). Restructuring supply chains through information channel innovation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT, 21(4), 504–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570110381408 Dablanc, L., Morganti, E., Arvidsson, N., Woxenius, J., Browne, M., & Saidi, N. (2017). The rise of on-demand ‘Instant Deliveries’ in European cities. Supply Chain Forum, 18(4), 203–217. de Azambuja, M. C., Jung, C. F., ten Caten, C. S., & Hessel, F. P. (2010). RFID-Env: Methods and software simulation for RFID environments. Business Process Management Journal, 16(6), 1014–1038. DNP, D. N. de P. (2020). Política Nacional de Comercio Electrónico DNP, D. N. de P., Amparo Alonso Másmela, G., Puyana Martínez Villalba, R., Rafael Dorado Hernández, D., Fabiola Páez Vargas, J., Felipe Lota, L., … Segura, J. (2018). Encuesta Nacional Logística 2018. Retrieved from www.puntoaparte.com.co Dutta, P., Mishra, A., Khandelwal, S., & Katthawala, I. (2020). A multiobjective optimization model for sustainable reverse logistics in Indian E-commerce market. Journal of Cleaner Production, 249, 119348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119348 en Roberto Hernández Sampieri, M. C., Fernández Collado, C., Pilar Baptista Lucio, D., & de la Luz Casas Pérez, M. (1991). METODOLOGÍA DELA INVESTIGACIÓN. Euromonitor. (2019). Internet Retailing in Colombia. Retrieved from https://www.euromonitor.com/internet-retailing-in-colombia/report European Commission, E. (2016). EU - Digital Single Market - European Commission. Retrieved February 7, 2019, from Digital Single Market website: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en%0Ahttp://files/17294/digital-single-market.htm European Commission, E. (2018). La Comisión propone invertir 9 200 millones EUR en el primer programa digital. Retrieved February 7, 2019, from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-4043_es.htm Fawcett, S. E., Wallin, C., Allred, C., Fawcett, A. M., & Magnan, G. M. (2011). INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS AN ENABLER OF SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORATION: A DYNAMIC-CAPABILITIES PERSPECTIVE. JOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, 47(1), 38–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2010.03213.x García Mora, L. M., & Castrellón Torres, J. P. (2020). Logística colaborativa para el transporte intermodal : Corredor Bogotá – Costa Caribe. Gonzalez-Feliu, J., & Salanova, J.-M. (2012). Defining and Evaluating Collaborative Urban Freight Transportation Systems. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 39, 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.099 Gunasekaran, A., Subramanian, N., & Papadopoulos, T. (2017). Information technology for competitive advantage within logistics and supply chains: A review. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 99, 14–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.12.008 Haese Michael. (2015). Sharing Economy Logistics. Deutscher Bundestag, 2018(93). https://doi.org/10.1002/wilm.10641 Hazen, B. T., & Byrd, T. A. (2012). Toward creating competitive advantage with logistics information technology. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 42(1), 8–35 wan, S., Kijewska, K., & Lemke, J. (2016). Analysis of Parcel Lockers’ Efficiency as the Last Mile Delivery Solution - The Results of the Research in Poland. Transportation Research Procedia, 12, 644–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.02.018 Joong-Kun Cho, J., Ozment, J., & Sink, H. (2008). Logistics capability, logistics outsourcing and firm performance in an e-commerce market. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(5), 336–359. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030810882825 Karia, N. (2018). Knowledge resources, technology resources and competitive advantage of logistics service providers. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 16(3), 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1496570 Lagorio, A., Zenezini, G., Mangano, G., & Pinto, R. (2019). A Systematic Review of Innovative Technologies adopted in Logistics Management A Systematic Review of Innovative Technologies adopted in Logistics Management. (November). Li, L. (2012). Effects of enterprise technology on supply chain collaboration: Analysis of China-linked supply chain. Enterprise Information Systems, 6(1), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2011.639904 Lim, S. F. W. T., & Winkenbach, M. (2019). Configuring the last-mile in businessto- consumer e-retailing. California Management Review, 61(2), 132–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125618805094 Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., & Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 03(05), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2015.35021 Marco de Estadísticas del Comercio Electrónico en Colombia. (2018). McLaren, T., Head, M., & Yuan, Y. (2002). Supply chain collaboration alternatives: Understanding the expected costs and benefits. Internet Research, 12(4), 348–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240210438416 Medición de Indicadores de consumo del Observatorio eCommerce. (2019). Medición de la Economía Digital en Colombia | Datos Abiertos Colombia. (2017). Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.datos.gov.co/dataset/Medici-n-de-la-Econom-a-Digital-en-Colombia/97fz-pd6q Mehmann, J. ;, Frehe, V. ;, & Teuteberg, F. (2015). Crowd Logistics − A Literature Review and Maturity Model Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen (Vol. 20). Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/www.econstor.eu Mehmood, R., Meriton, R., Graham, G., Hennelly, P., & Kumar, M. (2017). Exploring the influence of big data on city transport operations: a Markovian approach. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 37(1), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-03-2015-0179 Meier, A., & Stormer, H. (2009). eBusiness Framework. In eBusiness & eCommerce (pp. 1–18). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89328-8_1 Meng, X. (2010). Study on Combining of E-commerce and E-marketing. https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.5.5.546-553 Micu, A., Aivaz, K., & Capatina, A. (2013). IMPLICATIONS OF LOGISTIC SERVICE QUALITY ON THE SATISFACTION LEVEL AND RETENTION RATE OF AN E-COMMERCE RETAILER’S CUSTOMERS. ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, 47(2), 147–155. Montoya-Torres, J. R., Muñoz-Villamizar, A., & Vega-Mejía, C. A. (2016). On the impact of collaborative strategies for goods delivery in city logistics. Production Planning and Control, 27(6), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2016.1147092 Murillo, L. (2001). Supply chain management and the international dissemination of e-commerce. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 101(7), 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005825 Punakivi, M., Yrjölä, H., & Holmström, J. (2001). Solving the last mile issue: Reception box or delivery box? International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 31(6), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030110399423 Randall, T., Netessine, S., & Rudi, N. (2006). An empirical examination of the decision to invest in fulfillment capabilities: A study of Internet retailers. MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, 52(4), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1050.0493 Rhodes, E., & Carter, R. (1998). Electronic commerce technologies and changing product distribution. International Journal of Technology Management, 15(1–2), 31–48. Taibi, D., Lenarduzzi, V., & Pahl, C. (n.d.). Architectural Patterns for Microservices: A Systematic Mapping Study. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006798302210232 Taniguchi, E., & Kakimoto, Y. (2004). Modelling effects of e-commerce on urban freight transport. In Logistics Systems for Sustainable Cities (pp. 135–146). https://doi.org/10.1108/9780080473222-010 Vakulenko, Y., Shams, P., Hellström, D., & Hjort, K. (2019). Service innovation in e-commerce last mile delivery: Mapping the e-customer journey. Journal of Business Research, 101, 461–468. Vanovermeire, C., Sörensen, K., Breedam, A. Van, Vannieuwenhuyse, B., & Verstrepen, S. (2013). International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications : A Leading Journal of Supply Chain Management Horizontal logistics collaboration : decreasing costs through flexibility and an adequate cost allocation strategy. (December 2014), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2013.865719 Verlinde, S., Macharis, C., & Witlox, F. (2012). How to Consolidate Urban Flows of Goods Without Setting up an Urban Consolidation Centre? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 39, 687–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.140 Viennot, N., Lécuyer, M., Bell, J., Geambasu, R., & Nieh, J. (2015). A microservices architecture for heterogeneous-database web applications. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Systems, EuroSys 2015, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/2741948.2741975 Wagner, B. A., Fillis, I., & Johansson, U. (2003). E-business and e-supply strategy in small and medium sized businesses (SMEs). SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 8(3–4), 343–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540310490107 Yang, S., Liao, Y., Shi, C., & Gao, C. (2014). Heuristics for solving an internet retailer’s dynamic transshipment problem. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(11), 5382–5389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.03.004 Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhong, R. Y., & Huang, G. Q. (2016). E-commerce Logistics in Supply Chain Management: Practice Perspective. Procedia CIRP, 52, 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.08.002 Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhong, R. Y., & Huang, G. Q. (2017). E-commerce logistics in supply chain management Implementations and future perspective in furniture industry. INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT & DATA SYSTEMS, 117(10), 2263–2286. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2016-0398 Zákorová, E. (2017). E-commerce and its Impact on Logistics Requirements. Open Engineering, 7(1), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0018 Zhou, M., Zhao, L., Kong, N., Campy, K. S., Xu, G., Zhu, G., … Wang, S. (2020). Understanding consumers’ behavior to adopt self-service parcel services for last-mile delivery. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101911 |
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Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
dc.rights.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
Acceso abierto |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia Acceso abierto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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Bogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Industrial |
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Facultad de Ingeniería |
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Bogotá |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 InternacionalDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de ColombiaAcceso abiertohttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Castrellón Torres, Juan Pablo01553930-63ac-48a9-9366-591d253004c9Navarro Díaz, Nelson David3c1d434b-9651-4f94-b6e5-9f0ba57133272021-03-12T19:47:27Z2021-03-12T19:47:27Z2020https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79353Esta tesis propone una herramienta para el diseño de estrategias que permitan la madurez de operadores logísticos en la prestación de servicios de transporte en el contexto del mercado digital en Colombia, basado en los requerimientos identificados del consumidor y las capacidades de los actores involucrados en la cadena de suministro. Para este desarrollo se realizó una investigación en dos fases: una investigación descriptiva en la que por medio de información primaria y secundaria se caracterizaron las operaciones logísticas en este entorno y se establecieron los requerimientos necesarios para satisfacer las necesidades identificadas, y una segunda fase de investigación propositiva en la que se desarrolló un modelo de evaluación para las operaciones de e-commerce en la que se mide el estado actual de las operaciones y se compara con el estado ideal según este contexto. A partir de los hallazgos, se propuso un modelo de operación para los prestadores de servicios logísticos en Colombia. La propuesta metodológica se implementó en un caso aplicado en el que a través de una simulación se midieron los impactos en indicadores clave, con la obtención de reducciones en el tiempo de entrega en 58.3% del tiempo promedio de entrega inicial, y la reducción del costo de entrega del 23.9%.This thesis proposes a tool for designing of strategies to improve the process in the transportation service delivery in the context of Colombian digital market, based on the requirements identified by the costumer and the capacities of the involved actors in the supply chain. For this development a research has been made with two phases: a descriptive research which using primary and secondary information were characterized the logistic operations in this environment and the necessary requirements were stablished to satisfy the necessities identified, and a second phase of purposeful research which an evaluation model were developed for the e-commerce operations where the current state of the operations are measured and those are compared with the ideal state according to this context. Based on these findings, an operation model has been proposed for the logistic service delivery in Colombia. The methodological proposal has been implemented in a case applied which through a simulation were measured the impact on key indicators, with the obtention of delivery-time reduction in 58.3% compared with the initial average delivery-time, and the reduction of the delivery-cost of 23.9%.Proyecto de Investigación Intermodalidapp Inteligente: Sistema para la toma de decisiones en el transporte intermodal de productos agroalimentarios en el departamento de Cundinamarca, financiado en la convocatoria conjunta para proyectos de investigación entre la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y la Universidad de CundinamarcaMaestríaFinanciación para estudiante de posgrado en el marco del desarrollo del proyecto de investigaciónPartiendo de la necesidad del diseño de una estrategia, que cumpla las condiciones específicas del e-commerce en Colombia, el desarrollo de esta tesis se da en el marco de investigación de la Ilustración 9, por medio de una metodología de multifase mixta, en esta según (Creswwll, 2014); impera cuando se realizan diseño de estrategias donde se debe tener en cuenta el conocimiento del entorno con el fin de hacer una planeación a largo plazo de su implementación. 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Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101911Propuesta para la consolidación del sector logístico en el marco de un mercado digitalUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaUniversidad de CundinamarcaORIGINAL1068390173.2021.pdf1068390173.2021.pdfapplication/pdf2679712https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/79353/4/1068390173.2021.pdfda3a5468809636d8c9facd4b73dc163bMD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83964https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/79353/2/license.txtcccfe52f796b7c63423298c2d3365fc6MD52CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81031https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/79353/3/license_rdf934f4ca17e109e0a05eaeaba504d7ce4MD53THUMBNAIL1068390173.2021.pdf.jpg1068390173.2021.pdf.jpgGenerated 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