Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials
INTRODUCTION: 75% of patients facing a surgical procedure experience anxiety. Under a procedure in a state of consciousness, such as ophthalmological surgeries, considerable levels of anxiety can be produced and, consequently, states of insomnia, pain and physiological stress. Sounds designed to enh...
- Autores:
-
Moreno Hernández, Leydy Angélica
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/82853
- Palabra clave:
- 610 - Medicina y salud::617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiología
Surgery (topology)
Ophthalmology
Cirugía (topología)
Oftalmología
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
Phacoemulsification
Trabeculectomy
Sound
Music
Randomized Controlled Trials
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
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Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Intervenciones basadas en sonido en el ámbito de la cirugía oftalmológica: revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados |
| title |
Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| spellingShingle |
Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials 610 - Medicina y salud::617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiología Surgery (topology) Ophthalmology Cirugía (topología) Oftalmología Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures Phacoemulsification Trabeculectomy Sound Music Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_short |
Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| title_full |
Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| title_fullStr |
Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| title_sort |
Sound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Moreno Hernández, Leydy Angélica |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Grillo Ardila, Carlos Fernando |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Moreno Hernández, Leydy Angélica |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
610 - Medicina y salud::617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiología |
| topic |
610 - Medicina y salud::617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiología Surgery (topology) Ophthalmology Cirugía (topología) Oftalmología Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures Phacoemulsification Trabeculectomy Sound Music Randomized Controlled Trials |
| dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv |
Surgery (topology) Ophthalmology |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cirugía (topología) Oftalmología |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures Phacoemulsification Trabeculectomy Sound Music Randomized Controlled Trials |
| description |
INTRODUCTION: 75% of patients facing a surgical procedure experience anxiety. Under a procedure in a state of consciousness, such as ophthalmological surgeries, considerable levels of anxiety can be produced and, consequently, states of insomnia, pain and physiological stress. Sounds designed to enhance the patient experience can help not only distract, but also isolate distracting sounds or conversations in the operating theater. In the context of plastic surgery, the presence of music has been shown to improve the quality of surgical closure and patient anxiety. There is interest in evaluating interventions that stimulate psychological and physiological relaxation in patients. The purpose of this project was to assess sound-based interventions in the context of ophthalmic surgery, being useful to indicate or reject their potential use. OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and effectiveness of sound-based interventions for patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. METHODOLOGY: An explicit systematic search was performed using the highly sensitive search strategy in Medline (Ovid), CENTRAL LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and Web of science until July 1, 2021; conference proceedings and reference lists of retrieved studies were handsearched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sound-based interventions in different regimens or with other therapeutic alternatives for people undergoing ophthalmic surgery were selected. Two authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, disagreements resolved by consensus. A random effects meta-analysis was implemented. RESULTS: We examined 13,277 records; after reading the eligible trials, 14 published trials met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 40 to 330 participants, 4 trials describe the method used for randomization, and 2 trials used intention-to-treat analysis. The most common type of ophthalmic surgery was cataract surgery, followed by intravitreal injection. The overall risk of bias was 'low risk' in two trials and high risk in six trials. The effect in favor of the sound intervention was identified on the anxiety outcome (-0.73 95% CI -1.17 to -0.29) and on some secondary outcomes (heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure). Using the GRADE system, we rate the certainty of the evidence from low to very low for the results. CONCLUSION: The results of this study could suggest the potential use of sound-based interventions to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
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2022-12-12T14:59:19Z |
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2022-12-12T14:59:19Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-12-07 |
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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Text Other |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
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acceptedVersion |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82853 |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82853 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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eng |
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eng |
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Bones, O., Cox, T. J., & Davies, W. J. (2018). Sound Categories: Category Formation and Evidence-Based Taxonomies. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01277 Bruscia, K. E. (2014). Defining Music Therapy. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy (Third, Vol. 8). Barcelona Publishers. Retrieved from http://www.musik.auc.dk Chanda, M. L., & Levitin, D. J. (2013). The neurochemistry of music. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(4), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.007 DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(3), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 Dindo, D., Demartines, N., & Clavien, P.-A. (2004). Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Annals of Surgery, 240(2), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae Domagała, A., Bała, M. M., Storman, D., Peña-Sánchez, J. N., Świerz, M. J., Kaczmarczyk, M., & Storman, M. (2018). Factors associated with satisfaction of hospital physicians: A systematic review on european data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112546 Dunn, K. (2016). Music and the reduction of post-operative pain. Nursing Standard, 18, 33–39. Finlay, K. (2009). Audio-analgesia and Multi-disciplinary Pain Management: A Psychological Investigation into Acute, Post-operative Pain. PhD Thesis, 1–267. Retrieved from papers2://publication/uuid/4700A2D1-BB79-4EB9-9ED0-6810F1DABED9 Gaberson, K. B. (1995). The Effect of Humorous and Musical Distraction on Preoperative Anxiety, 62(5). Gerhard, D. (2000). Audio Signal Classification. Gold, C., Erkkilä, J., Bonde, L. O., Trondalen, G., Maratos, A., & Crawford, M. J. (2011). Music Therapy or Music Medicine? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 80(5), 304. https://doi.org/10.1159/000323166 Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., … DeBeer, H. (2011). GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 Helsing, M., Västfjäll, D., Bjälkebring, P., Juslin, P., & Hartig, T. (2016). An Experimental Field Study of the Effects of Listening to Self-selected Music on Emotions, Stress, and Cortisol Levels. Music and Medicine, 8(4), 187. https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v8i4.442 Higgins, J., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M., & Welch, V. (Eds.). (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (2nd Editio). Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119536604 Hobson, J. A., Slade, P., Wrench, I. J., & Power, L. (2006). Preoperative anxiety and postoperative satisfaction in women undergoing elective caesarean section. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 15(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2005.05.008 Kane, E. O. (1914). Phonograph in Operating-Room. Journal of the American Medical Association, LXII(23), 1829. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1914.02560480063031 Kühlmann, A. Y. R., de Rooij, A., Kroese, L. F., van Dijk, M., Hunink, M. G. M., & Jeekel, J. (2018). Meta-analysis evaluating music interventions for anxiety and pain in surgery. The British Journal of Surgery, 105(7), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10853 Leardi, S., Pietroletti, R., Angeloni, G., Necozione, S., Ranalletta, G., & Del Gusto, B. (2007). Randomized clinical trial examining the effect of music therapy in stress response to day surgery. British Journal of Surgery, 94(8), 943–947. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.5914 León, F. G., Martínez, J. M. A., & Hernández, L. M. (2011). Tratamiento de la ansiedad en pacientes prequirúrgicos. Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia, 4(3), 228–233. Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169622220008 Levitin, D. J., & Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). Current advances in the cognitive neuroscience of music. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156, 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x McGuinness, L. A., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2021). Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Research Synthesis Methods, 12(1), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1411 Mendes, J. F. (2016). Peri-operative anaesthetic complications of ophthalmic surgery. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 117(eLetters Supplement). https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/el_13721 Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., Altman, D., Antes, G., … Tugwell, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 Peter Woolf et al. (2021). Noise Modeling - White, Pink, and Brown Noise, Pops and Crackles. Retrieved from https://eng.libretexts.org/@go/page/22368 Robleda, G., Sillero-Sillero, A., Puig, T., Gich, I., & Banos, J.-E. (2014). Influence of preoperative emotional state on postoperative pain following orthopedic and trauma surgery. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 22(5), 785–791. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0118.2481 Sierra, J. C., Ortega, V., & Zubeidat, I. (2003). Ansiedad, angustia y estrés: tres conceptos a diferenciar . Revista Mal Estar e Subjetividade . scielopepsic . Sigdel, S. (2015). Perioperative anxiety: A short review. Global Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, 1(4), 107–108. https://doi.org/10.15761/gapm.1000126 Spence, C., & Keller, S. (2019). Medicine’s Melodies: On the Costs & Benefits of Music, Soundscapes, & Noise in Healthcare Settings. Music and Medicine, 11, 211. https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v11i4.699 Stegemann, T., Geretsegger, M., Quoc, E. P., Riedl, H., & Smetana, M. (2019). Music Therapy and Other Music-Based Interventions in Pediatric Health Care: An Overview, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010025 Thanigasalam, T., Reddy, S. C., & Zaki, R. A. (2015). Factors Associated with Complications and Postoperative Visual Outcomes of Cataract Surgery; a Study of 1,632 Cases. Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research, 10(4), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-322X.158892 Turhan, Y., Avci, R., & Özcengiz, D. (2012). The relationship between preoperative and postoperative anxiety, and patient satisfaction in preparation for elective surgery. Anestezi Dergisi, 20, 27–33. Yamasaki, A., Booker, A., Kapur, V., Tilt, A., Niess, H., Lillemoe, K. D., … Conrad, C. (2012). The impact of music on metabolism. Nutrition, 28(11–12), 1075–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.020 Zapata-Copete, J. A., Cordoba-Wagner, M. J., & García-Perdomo, H. A. (2019). Role of Music in a Plastic Surgery Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 52(2), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1696792 |
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Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Grillo Ardila, Carlos Fernando30b10dd10df75301c7b60a994a61d9f6Moreno Hernández, Leydy Angélicaf1ffec95bf3b43f9eecb8f49c666fba32022-12-12T14:59:19Z2022-12-12T14:59:19Z2022-12-07https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82853Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/INTRODUCTION: 75% of patients facing a surgical procedure experience anxiety. Under a procedure in a state of consciousness, such as ophthalmological surgeries, considerable levels of anxiety can be produced and, consequently, states of insomnia, pain and physiological stress. Sounds designed to enhance the patient experience can help not only distract, but also isolate distracting sounds or conversations in the operating theater. In the context of plastic surgery, the presence of music has been shown to improve the quality of surgical closure and patient anxiety. There is interest in evaluating interventions that stimulate psychological and physiological relaxation in patients. The purpose of this project was to assess sound-based interventions in the context of ophthalmic surgery, being useful to indicate or reject their potential use. OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and effectiveness of sound-based interventions for patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. METHODOLOGY: An explicit systematic search was performed using the highly sensitive search strategy in Medline (Ovid), CENTRAL LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and Web of science until July 1, 2021; conference proceedings and reference lists of retrieved studies were handsearched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sound-based interventions in different regimens or with other therapeutic alternatives for people undergoing ophthalmic surgery were selected. Two authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, disagreements resolved by consensus. A random effects meta-analysis was implemented. RESULTS: We examined 13,277 records; after reading the eligible trials, 14 published trials met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 40 to 330 participants, 4 trials describe the method used for randomization, and 2 trials used intention-to-treat analysis. The most common type of ophthalmic surgery was cataract surgery, followed by intravitreal injection. The overall risk of bias was 'low risk' in two trials and high risk in six trials. The effect in favor of the sound intervention was identified on the anxiety outcome (-0.73 95% CI -1.17 to -0.29) and on some secondary outcomes (heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure). Using the GRADE system, we rate the certainty of the evidence from low to very low for the results. CONCLUSION: The results of this study could suggest the potential use of sound-based interventions to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.INTRODUCCIÓN: El 75% de los pacientes que se enfrentan a un procedimiento quirúrgico experimentan ansiedad. Bajo un procedimiento en estado de conciencia, como son las cirugías oftalmológicas, se pueden producir niveles considerables de ansiedad y consecuentemente estados de insomnio, dolor y estrés fisiológico. Los sonidos diseñados para mejorar la experiencia del paciente pueden ayudar no solo a distraer, sino también a aislar los sonidos molestos o las conversaciones en el quirófano. En el contexto de la cirugía plástica, la presencia de la música ha demostrado mejorar la calidad del cierre quirúrgico y la ansiedad del paciente. Existe interés en evaluar intervenciones que estimulen la relajación psicológica y fisiológica en los pacientes. El propósito de este proyecto fue evaluar las intervenciones basadas en el sonido en el contexto de la cirugía oftalmológica, siendo útil para indicar o rechazar su potencial uso. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la seguridad y la efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en sonido para los pacientes sometidos a cirugía oftalmológica. METODOLOGÍA: se efectuó una búsqueda sistemática explícita mediante la estrategia de búsqueda de alta sensibilidad en Medline (Ovid), CENTRAL LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) y Web of science hasta el 1 julio de 2021; se realizó búsquedas manuales en actas de congresos y listas de referencias de estudios recuperados. Se seleccionaron Ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que comparan intervenciones basadas en sonidos en diferentes regímenes o con otras alternativas terapéuticas para pacientes sometidos a cirugía oftalmológica. Dos autores evaluaron de forma independiente los ensayos para su inclusión, extracción de datos y evaluación del riesgo de sesgo, los desacuerdos se resolvieron mediante consenso. Se implementó un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios. RESULTADOS: Examinamos 13 277 registros; después de leer los ensayos elegibles, 14 ensayos publicados cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los tamaños de muestra variaron de 40 a 330 participantes, 4 ensayos describen el método utilizado para la aleatorización y 2 ensayos utilizaron análisis por intención de tratar. El tipo de cirugía oftálmica más frecuente fue la cirugía de catarata, seguida de la inyección intravítrea. El riesgo general de sesgo fue de "riesgo bajo" en dos ensayos y riesgo alto en seis ensayos. Se identificó el efecto a favor de la intervención sonora sobre el resultado de ansiedad (- 0,73 IC del 95%: -1,17 a -0,29) y sobre algunos resultados secundarios (frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial diastólica, presión arterial sistólica). Con el sistema GRADE calificamos la certeza de la evidencia de baja a muy baja para los resultados. CONCLUSION: Los resultados de este estudio podrían sugerir el uso potencial de las intervenciones basadas en sonido para reducir la ansiedad en pacientes sometidos a cirugía oftálmica. (Texto tomado de la fuente)MaestríaMagister en Epidemiología ClínicaSystematic Review of Randomized Clinical TrialsSystematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trialsxix, 97 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Epidemiología ClínicaFacultad de MedicinaBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá610 - Medicina y salud::617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiologíaSurgery (topology)OphthalmologyCirugía (topología)OftalmologíaOphthalmologic Surgical ProceduresPhacoemulsificationTrabeculectomySoundMusicRandomized Controlled TrialsSound-based interventions in the ophthalmological surgery setting: systematic review of randomized clinical trialsIntervenciones basadas en sonido en el ámbito de la cirugía oftalmológica: revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizadosTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTextOtherhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMBones, O., Cox, T. J., & Davies, W. J. (2018). Sound Categories: Category Formation and Evidence-Based Taxonomies. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01277Bruscia, K. E. (2014). Defining Music Therapy. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy (Third, Vol. 8). Barcelona Publishers. Retrieved from http://www.musik.auc.dkChanda, M. L., & Levitin, D. J. (2013). The neurochemistry of music. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(4), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.007DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(3), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2Dindo, D., Demartines, N., & Clavien, P.-A. (2004). Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Annals of Surgery, 240(2), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.aeDomagała, A., Bała, M. M., Storman, D., Peña-Sánchez, J. N., Świerz, M. J., Kaczmarczyk, M., & Storman, M. (2018). Factors associated with satisfaction of hospital physicians: A systematic review on european data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112546Dunn, K. (2016). Music and the reduction of post-operative pain. Nursing Standard, 18, 33–39.Finlay, K. (2009). Audio-analgesia and Multi-disciplinary Pain Management: A Psychological Investigation into Acute, Post-operative Pain. PhD Thesis, 1–267. Retrieved from papers2://publication/uuid/4700A2D1-BB79-4EB9-9ED0-6810F1DABED9Gaberson, K. B. (1995). The Effect of Humorous and Musical Distraction on Preoperative Anxiety, 62(5).Gerhard, D. (2000). Audio Signal Classification.Gold, C., Erkkilä, J., Bonde, L. O., Trondalen, G., Maratos, A., & Crawford, M. J. (2011). Music Therapy or Music Medicine? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 80(5), 304. https://doi.org/10.1159/000323166Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. 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Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 52(2), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1696792Sound-based Interventions in The Ophthalmological Surgery Setting: Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical TrialsInvestigadoresMaestrosPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82853/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1016040040.2022.pdf1016040040.2022.pdfTesis de Maestría en Epidemiología Clínicaapplication/pdf1417679https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82853/2/1016040040.2022.pdfed3b95c03954e1a056013c6733b2c291MD521 _ROB2_Consensus.pdf1 _ROB2_Consensus.pdfAnexo Risk of bias 2 consensusapplication/pdf275100https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82853/3/1%20_ROB2_Consensus.pdf6e533dc624d8db540b2a584562cc7f35MD53GRADEV2 Should Sound-Based Interventions vs. Usual care be used for patients scheduled for 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patients scheduled for ophthalmological .pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8160https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82853/7/GRADEV2%20Should%20Sound-Based%20Interventions%20vs.%20Usual%20care%20be%20used%20for%20patients%20scheduled%20for%20ophthalmological%20.pdf.jpg566d7e78aaaba223dabbcaf221e05d2dMD57unal/82853oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/828532024-08-13 23:38:29.136Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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