Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática
ilustraciones, graficas
- Autores:
-
Farfán-Fontalvo, Marian
Peña-Narváez, Odín
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81195
- Palabra clave:
- 610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades
610 - Medicina y salud::614 - Medicina Forense; incidencia de lesiones, heridas, enfermedades; medicina preventiva pública
Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural
Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced
Efectos del Ruido
Noise Effects
Ruido
Sueño
Hipoacusia
Calidad
Vida
Molestia
Aeropuerto
Aviones
Aeronaves
Cardiovascular
Noise
Aircraft
Sleep
Annoyance
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
| id |
UNACIONAL2_923fca1afd6fee48e4d112ec3871ff67 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81195 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
| network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Effects of aircraft noise on neurosensorial hearing loss, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, and quality of sleep, in resident communities near airports: a systematic review |
| title |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática |
| spellingShingle |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática 610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades 610 - Medicina y salud::614 - Medicina Forense; incidencia de lesiones, heridas, enfermedades; medicina preventiva pública Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Efectos del Ruido Noise Effects Ruido Sueño Hipoacusia Calidad Vida Molestia Aeropuerto Aviones Aeronaves Cardiovascular Noise Aircraft Sleep Annoyance |
| title_short |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática |
| title_full |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática |
| title_fullStr |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática |
| title_sort |
Efectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemática |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Farfán-Fontalvo, Marian Peña-Narváez, Odín |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Fajardo-Rodríguez, Hugo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Farfán-Fontalvo, Marian Peña-Narváez, Odín |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades 610 - Medicina y salud::614 - Medicina Forense; incidencia de lesiones, heridas, enfermedades; medicina preventiva pública |
| topic |
610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades 610 - Medicina y salud::614 - Medicina Forense; incidencia de lesiones, heridas, enfermedades; medicina preventiva pública Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Efectos del Ruido Noise Effects Ruido Sueño Hipoacusia Calidad Vida Molestia Aeropuerto Aviones Aeronaves Cardiovascular Noise Aircraft Sleep Annoyance |
| dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv |
Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Efectos del Ruido Noise Effects |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ruido Sueño Hipoacusia Calidad Vida Molestia Aeropuerto Aviones Aeronaves Cardiovascular |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Noise Aircraft Sleep Annoyance |
| description |
ilustraciones, graficas |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-03-11T19:28:17Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-03-11T19:28:17Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Especialidad Médica |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81195 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81195 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv |
RedCol LaReferencia |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Jarosińska D, Héroux M, Wilkhu P, Creswick J, Verbeek J, Wothge J, et al. Development of the WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: An Introduction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(4). Swift H. A Review of the Literature Related to Potential Health Effects of Aircraft Noise. 2010. van Kamp I, Davies H. Noise and health in vulnerable groups: a review. Noise Health. 2013;15(64):153-9. Organization WH. ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE GUIDELINES for the European Region EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 2018 BARRERA-ARISTIZÁBAL S. EL RUIDO AERONÁUTICO: REALIDAD QUE ENFRENTA EL AEROPUERTO INTERNACIONAL EL DORADO Y SUS COMUNIDADES ALEDAÑAS UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA 2014. Aeropuerto el Dorado, retos y oportunidades. In: Bogota AMd, editor. 2018. Śliwińska-Kowalska M, Zaborowski K. WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Permanent Hearing Loss and Tinnitus. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(10). Kuo CY, Hung CL, Chen HC, Shih CP, Lu RH, Chen CW, et al. The Immediate and Long-Term Impact of Military Aircraft Noise on Hearing: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Fighter Pilots and Ground Staff. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6). Londoño J, Restrepo HV, Fernando Quinchía,Rigoberto. Efectos auditivos del ruido producido por el tráfico aéreo del aeropuerto internacional El Dorado en las poblaciones de Engativá y FontibónAutores/as. Rev Fac Nac Salud Pública. 2009;22(2). Franks JR. HEARING MEASUREMENT. Rev Fac Nac Salud Pública. World Health Organization publications: Division of Applied Research and Technology National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 1998. Ouis D. ANNOYANCE FROM ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE: A REVIEW. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2002;21(1):101-20. Griefahn B, Bröde P, marks A, Basner M. Autonomic Arousals Related to Traffic Noise during Sleep. Sleep. 2008;31(4). Müller U, Elmenhorst E-M, Franco M, Julia Q, Mathias B, Sarah M, et al, The NORAH-Sleep Study: Effects of the Night Flight Ban at Frankfurt Airport. Inter-Noise and Noise-Con Congress; 2016; Hamburg, Germany. Acosta G, Guzmán-Flórez A, Katherine D. Calidad del sueño asociado al ruido causado por la operación del Aeropuerto El Dorado en adultos de la localidad de Fontibón, Bogotá 2016. https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/741: Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas (UDCA); 2016. Zhang K, Jiang F, Luo H, Liu F. Occupational noise exposure and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1258 Floud S, Blangiardo M, Clark C. Exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise and associations with heart disease and stroke in six European countries: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2013;89(12). Jarup L, Babisch W, Houthuijs D, Pershagen G, Katsouyanni K, Cadum E, et al. Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports: the HYENA study. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116(3):329-33. Nassur AM, Lefèvre M, Laumon B, Léger D, Evrard AS. Aircraft Noise Exposure and Subjective Sleep Quality: The Results of the DEBATS Study in France. Behav Sleep Med. 2019;17(4):502-13. Münzel T, Kröller-Schön S, Oelze M, Gori T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, et al. Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health. 2020;41:309-28. Broyan JL, Jr., Borrego MA, Bahr JF. International Space Station USOS Crew Quarters Development NASA Technical Reports Server; 2008. Contract No.: 08ICES-0222. Baudin C, Lefèvre M, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B, Evrard AS. Aircraft Noise and Psychological Ill-Health: The Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in France. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8). Guski R, Schreckenberg D, Schuemer R. WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Annoyance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(12). Radosz J. Effects of Tonal Noise on Workers' Annoyance and Performance. Noise Health. 2021;23(111):117-27. McNeill MM. Critical Care Performance in a Simulated Military Aircraft Cabin Environment. Crit Care Nurse. 2018;38(2):18-29. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. Jeong Kim S, Kug Chai S, Won Lee K, Park Ja-B, Min K-B, Gwon Kil H, et al. Exposure–Response Relationship Between Aircraft Noise and Sleep Quality: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. 2012;5(2). Holt JB, Zhang X, Sizov N, Croft JB. Airport noise and self-reported sleep insufficiency, United States, 2008 and 2009. Prev Chronic Dis. 2015;12:E49. Brink M, Lercher P, Eisenmann A. Influence of slope of rise and event order of aircraft noise events on high resolution actimetry parameters. Somnologie. 2008;12(6):118-28 Fidell S, Pearsons K, Tabachnick B, Howe R, Silvati L, Barber DS. Field study of noise‐induced sleep disturbance. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1995;98(2). Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E. Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(5):405-13. Floud S, Vigna-Taglianti F, Hansell A, Blangiardo M, Houthuijs D, Breugelmans O, et al. Medication use in relation to noise from aircraft and road traffic in six European countries: results of the HYENA study. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(7):518-24. Rocha S, Smith MG, Witte M, Basner M. Survey Results of a Pilot Sleep Study Near Atlanta International Airport. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22). Schreckenberg D, Meis M, Kahl C, Peschel C, Eikmann T. Aircraft noise and quality of life around Frankfurt Airport. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(9):3382-405. Nguyen TL, Trieu BL, Hiraguri Y, Morinaga M, Morihara T, Yano T. Effects of Changes in Acoustic and Non-Acoustic Factors on Public Health and Reactions: Follow-Up Surveys in the Vicinity of the Hanoi Noi Bai International Airport. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7). Nguyen TL, Morinaga M, Yokoshima S, Yano T, Sato T, Yamada I. Community response to a step change in the aircraft noise exposure around Hanoi Noi Bai International Airport. J Acoust Soc Am. 2018;143(5):2901. Basner M, Samel A, Isermann U. Aircraft noise effects on sleep: application of the results of a large polysomnographic field study. J Acoust Soc Am. 2006;119(5 Pt 1):2772-84. Kwak KM, Ju YS, Kwon YJ, Chung YK, Kim BK, Kim H, et al. The effect of aircraft noise on sleep disturbance among the residents near a civilian airport: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2016;28(1):38. Horne J-A, Pankhurst F-L, Reyner L-A, Hume K, Diamond D. A Field Study of Sleep Disturbance: Effects of Aircraft Noise and Other Factors on 5,742 Nights of Actimetrically Monitored Sleep in a Large Subject Sample. Sleep. 1994;17(2):146-59. Elmenhorst EM, Pennig S, Rolny V, Quehl J, Mueller U, Maaß H, et al. Examining nocturnal railway noise and aircraft noise in the field: sleep, psychomotor performance, and annoyance. Sci Total Environ. 2012;424:48-56. Von Elm E, et-al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet (London, England). 2007;370,9596 (1453-7.). Onakpoya I, O'Sullivan J, Thompson M, Heneghan C. The effect of wind turbine noise on sleep and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Environment International. 2015;82:1-9. J-M F, et-al. STANDARDIZED GENERAL-PURPOSE NOISE REACTION QUESTIONS FOR COMMUNITY NOISE SURVEYS: RESEARCH AND A RECOMMENDATION. Journal of Sound and vibration. 2001;242(4). Acoustics — Assessment of noise annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:ts:15666:ed-1:v1:en2003 Roswall N, Høgh V, Envold-Bidstrup P, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ketzel M, Overvad K, et al. Residential exposure to traffic noise and health-related quality of life--a population-based study. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120199. Wothge J, Belke C, Möhler U, Guski R, Schreckenberg D. The Combined Effects of Aircraft and Road Traffic Noise and Aircraft and Railway Noise on Noise Annoyance-An Analysis in the Context of the Joint Research Initiative NORAH. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(8). Eriksson, Charlotta, Hilding, Agneta, Pyko, Andrei, et al. Long-Term Aircraft Noise Exposure and Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study. Environmental health perspectives. 2014;122(7). Dimakopoulou c, et-al. Is aircraft noise exposure associated with cardiovascular disease and hypertension? Results from a cohort study in Athens, Greece. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2016;74(11). Nassur A-M, et-al. Effects of Aircraft Noise Exposure on Heart Rate during Sleep in the Population Living Near Airports. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(2). Haralabidis AS, Dimakopoulou K, Vigna-Taglianti F, Giampaolo M, Borgini A, Dudley ML, et al. Acute effects of night-time noise exposure on blood pressure in populations living near airports. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(5):658-64. Rosenlund M, Berglind N, Pershagen G, Järup L, Bluhm G. Increased prevalence of hypertension in a population exposed to aircraft noise. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(12):769-73. Eriksson C, Bluhm G, Hilding A, Ostenson CG, Pershagen G. Aircraft noise and incidence of hypertension--gender specific effects. Environ Res. 2010;110(8):764-72. Pyko A, Lind T, Mitkovskaya N, Ögren M, Östenson CG, Wallas A, et al. Transportation noise and incidence of hypertension. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018;221(8):1133-41. Rhee MY, Kim HY, Roh SC, Kim HJ, Kwon HJ. The effects of chronic exposure to aircraft noise on the prevalence of hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(4):641-7. Eriksson C, Rosenlund M, Pershagen G, Hilding A, Ostenson CG, Bluhm G. Aircraft noise and incidence of hypertension. Epidemiology. 2007;18(6):716-21. Kim CS, Grady ST, Hart JE, Laden F, VoPham T, Nguyen DD, et al. Long-term aircraft noise exposure and risk of hypertension in the Nurses' Health Studies. Environ Res. 2022;207:112195. Pearson T, Campbell MJ, Maheswaran R. Acute effects of aircraft noise on cardiovascular admissions - an interrupted time-series analysis of a six-day closure of London Heathrow Airport caused by volcanic ash. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2016;18:38-43. Rojek M, Rajzer MW, Wojciechowska W, Drożdż T, Skalski P, Pizoń T, et al. Relationship among long-term aircraft noise exposure, blood pressure profile, and arterial stiffness. J Hypertens. 2019;37(7):1350-8. Schmidt F-P, et-al. Effect of nighttime aircraft noise exposure on endothelial function and stress hormone release in healthy adults. European Heart Journal 2013;34(45). Basner M, McGuire S. WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Effects on Sleep. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(3). Basner M, Griefahn B, van den Berg M. Aircraft noise effects on sleep: Mechanisms, mitigation and research needs. Noise Health. 2010;12(47):95-109. Basner M, Samel A. Nocturnal aircraft noise effect. Noise Health. 2004;6(22). Passchier-Vermer W, et-al. sleep disturbance and aircraft noise, exposure-effect relationship. https://www2.vlieghinder.nl/knipsels_pmach/pdfs/0110xx_TNO_Sleep_disturbance_and_aircraft_noise_exposure_effect_rapport3.pdf: Division Public Health Wassenaarseweg; 2002. Michaud DS, Feder K, Keith SE, Voicescu SA, Marro L, Than J, et al. Effects of Wind Turbine Noise on Self-Reported and Objective Measures of Sleep. Sleep. 2016;39(1):97-109. Baudin C, LefÈvre M, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B, Evrard AS. Self-rated health status in relation to aircraft noise exposure, noise annoyance or noise sensitivity: the results of a cross-sectional study in France. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):116. Evrard AS, Lefèvre M, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B. Does aircraft noise exposure increase the risk of hypertension in the population living near airports in France? Occup Environ Med. 2017;74(2):123-9. |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
60 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Medicina Aeroespacial |
| dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv |
Departamento de Medicina Interna |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Medicina |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá, Colombia |
| dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81195/3/1032439788.2022.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81195/4/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81195/5/1032439788.2022.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
aa6520ca2ee778481d05cb50d1119c49 8153f7789df02f0a4c9e079953658ab2 58f4b9d16cac1e12d9e7e25ccf537eef |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814089311396560896 |
| spelling |
Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Fajardo-Rodríguez, Hugo013d0d17becfc86d93a618732fc9d309Farfán-Fontalvo, Marianb29c4f12bcd303e5fca194c76722357cPeña-Narváez, Odín47d28f20d5d71e3a78db26d65e3720f32022-03-11T19:28:17Z2022-03-11T19:28:17Z2021https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81195Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, graficasIntroducción: Diferentes asociaciones se han establecido , entre las comunidades que viven cerca a los aeropuertos y diversos afecciones en el sistema auditivo, cardiovascular, nervioso; sin contar la relación con el estrés, los trastornos del sueño, y el normal desarrollo en las relaciones sociales. El objetivo de esta revisión es sintetizar la evidencia y determinar el efecto del ruido en términos de hipoacusia neurosensorial, hipertensión arterial, calidad de vida y del sueño, y sensación de molestia al ruido generado por la actividad operacional aérea en las comunidades residentes cercanas a los aeropuertos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura en dos etapas, desde febrero a diciembre de 2021, la selección de literatura se realizó en los motores de búsqueda de PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, PsycInfo y Scopus. Dos revisores diferentes realizaron el proceso de selección, y extracción de los datos, así como el análisis de riesgo de sesgo a través de la herramienta STROBE (The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology). Se realizó un calculo cuantitativo en razón de momios y su intervalo de confianza para los resultados de 4 de 5 variables evaluadas. Resultados y discusión: Para el análisis cuantitativo se encontraron cuarenta y siete estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Para la calidad de sueño se encontraron 15 estudios, con un OR general de 1.06 (IC 1.05-1.07). 11 estudios relacionados a la molestia al ruido se encontraron, con un hallazgo de OR general de OR 1.13 (IC 1.12-1.14). 4 estudios relacionados con la calidad de vida fueron seleccionados, arrojando una razón de OR 1.26 (IC 1.15-1.39), y 17 estudios relacionados con la hipertensión arterial se incluyeron, con una razón de momios general de OR 1.13 (IC 1.09-1.17). Los análisis confirmaron el efecto estadísticamente significativo de cada variable . La heterogeneidad se debió principalmente a los diferentes contextos de estudio, la duración de los períodos de seguimiento y la diversidad de las variables evaluadas. Los hallazgos contribuyen a la evidencia general que sugiere que la exposición al ruido de la actividad operacional aérea puede asociarse a diversas condiciones deletéreas para los individuos expuestos. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Introduction: Different associations have been established between communities living near airports and various disorders in the auditory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems; without mentioning the relationship with mental stress, sleep disorders, and the normal engagement in social relationships. The aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence and determine the effect of noise in terms of sensorineural hearing loss, arterial hypertension, quality of life and sleep, and sensation of annoyance, with the aircraft noise and operational aviation activity in the resident communities near the airports. Methods: A literature review was carried out in two stages, from February to December 2021, the literature selection was made in the PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, PsycInfo and Scopus search engines. Two different reviewers performed the selection and data extraction process, as well as the risk of bias analysis using the STROBE tool (The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). A quantitative calculation was made in terms of odds and its confidence interval for the results of 4 of 5 variables evaluated. Results and discussion: For the quantitative analysis, forty-seven studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. For sleep quality, 15 studies were found, with a general OR 1.06 (CI 1.05-1.07). 11 studies related to noise annoyance were found, with an overall OR finding of OR 1.13 (CI 1.12-1.14). 4 studies related to quality of life were selected, yielding an OR ratio of 1.26 (CI 1.15-1.39), and 17 studies related to arterial hypertension were included, with an overall odds ratio of OR 1.13 (CI 1.09-1.17). . The analyzes confirmed the statistically significant effect of each variable. The heterogeneity is mainly due to the different study contexts, the duration of the follow-up periods and the diversity of the variables evaluated. The findings contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that noise exposure from airborne operational activity may be associated with a variety of conditions eliminated for exposed individuals. Keywords: noise, aircraft, cardiovascular, sleep, annoyanceEspecialidades MédicasEspecialista en Medicina Aeroespacial60 páginasapplication/pdfUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Medicina AeroespacialDepartamento de Medicina InternaFacultad de MedicinaBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades610 - Medicina y salud::614 - Medicina Forense; incidencia de lesiones, heridas, enfermedades; medicina preventiva públicaPérdida Auditiva SensorineuralPérdida Auditiva Provocada por RuidoHearing Loss, Noise-InducedEfectos del RuidoNoise EffectsRuidoSueñoHipoacusiaCalidadVidaMolestiaAeropuertoAvionesAeronavesCardiovascularNoiseAircraftSleepAnnoyanceEfectos del ruido generado por aeronaves en la hipoacusia neurosensorial, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la calidad de vida, y del sueño de las comunidades residentes en cercanías a los aeropuertos: revisión sistemáticaEffects of aircraft noise on neurosensorial hearing loss, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, and quality of sleep, in resident communities near airports: a systematic reviewTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMRedColLaReferenciaJarosińska D, Héroux M, Wilkhu P, Creswick J, Verbeek J, Wothge J, et al. Development of the WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: An Introduction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(4).Swift H. A Review of the Literature Related to Potential Health Effects of Aircraft Noise. 2010.van Kamp I, Davies H. Noise and health in vulnerable groups: a review. Noise Health. 2013;15(64):153-9.Organization WH. ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE GUIDELINES for the European Region EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 2018BARRERA-ARISTIZÁBAL S. EL RUIDO AERONÁUTICO: REALIDAD QUE ENFRENTA EL AEROPUERTO INTERNACIONAL EL DORADO Y SUS COMUNIDADES ALEDAÑAS UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA 2014.Aeropuerto el Dorado, retos y oportunidades. In: Bogota AMd, editor. 2018.Śliwińska-Kowalska M, Zaborowski K. WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Permanent Hearing Loss and Tinnitus. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(10).Kuo CY, Hung CL, Chen HC, Shih CP, Lu RH, Chen CW, et al. The Immediate and Long-Term Impact of Military Aircraft Noise on Hearing: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Fighter Pilots and Ground Staff. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6).Londoño J, Restrepo HV, Fernando Quinchía,Rigoberto. Efectos auditivos del ruido producido por el tráfico aéreo del aeropuerto internacional El Dorado en las poblaciones de Engativá y FontibónAutores/as. Rev Fac Nac Salud Pública. 2009;22(2).Franks JR. HEARING MEASUREMENT. Rev Fac Nac Salud Pública. World Health Organization publications: Division of Applied Research and Technology National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 1998.Ouis D. ANNOYANCE FROM ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE: A REVIEW. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2002;21(1):101-20.Griefahn B, Bröde P, marks A, Basner M. Autonomic Arousals Related to Traffic Noise during Sleep. Sleep. 2008;31(4).Müller U, Elmenhorst E-M, Franco M, Julia Q, Mathias B, Sarah M, et al, The NORAH-Sleep Study: Effects of the Night Flight Ban at Frankfurt Airport. Inter-Noise and Noise-Con Congress; 2016; Hamburg, Germany.Acosta G, Guzmán-Flórez A, Katherine D. Calidad del sueño asociado al ruido causado por la operación del Aeropuerto El Dorado en adultos de la localidad de Fontibón, Bogotá 2016. https://repository.udca.edu.co/handle/11158/741: Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas (UDCA); 2016.Zhang K, Jiang F, Luo H, Liu F. Occupational noise exposure and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1258Floud S, Blangiardo M, Clark C. Exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise and associations with heart disease and stroke in six European countries: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2013;89(12).Jarup L, Babisch W, Houthuijs D, Pershagen G, Katsouyanni K, Cadum E, et al. Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports: the HYENA study. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116(3):329-33.Nassur AM, Lefèvre M, Laumon B, Léger D, Evrard AS. Aircraft Noise Exposure and Subjective Sleep Quality: The Results of the DEBATS Study in France. Behav Sleep Med. 2019;17(4):502-13.Münzel T, Kröller-Schön S, Oelze M, Gori T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, et al. Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health. 2020;41:309-28.Broyan JL, Jr., Borrego MA, Bahr JF. International Space Station USOS Crew Quarters Development NASA Technical Reports Server; 2008. Contract No.: 08ICES-0222.Baudin C, Lefèvre M, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B, Evrard AS. Aircraft Noise and Psychological Ill-Health: The Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in France. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8).Guski R, Schreckenberg D, Schuemer R. WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Annoyance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(12).Radosz J. Effects of Tonal Noise on Workers' Annoyance and Performance. Noise Health. 2021;23(111):117-27.McNeill MM. Critical Care Performance in a Simulated Military Aircraft Cabin Environment. Crit Care Nurse. 2018;38(2):18-29.Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.Jeong Kim S, Kug Chai S, Won Lee K, Park Ja-B, Min K-B, Gwon Kil H, et al. Exposure–Response Relationship Between Aircraft Noise and Sleep Quality: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. 2012;5(2).Holt JB, Zhang X, Sizov N, Croft JB. Airport noise and self-reported sleep insufficiency, United States, 2008 and 2009. Prev Chronic Dis. 2015;12:E49.Brink M, Lercher P, Eisenmann A. Influence of slope of rise and event order of aircraft noise events on high resolution actimetry parameters. Somnologie. 2008;12(6):118-28Fidell S, Pearsons K, Tabachnick B, Howe R, Silvati L, Barber DS. Field study of noise‐induced sleep disturbance. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1995;98(2).Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E. Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(5):405-13.Floud S, Vigna-Taglianti F, Hansell A, Blangiardo M, Houthuijs D, Breugelmans O, et al. Medication use in relation to noise from aircraft and road traffic in six European countries: results of the HYENA study. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(7):518-24.Rocha S, Smith MG, Witte M, Basner M. Survey Results of a Pilot Sleep Study Near Atlanta International Airport. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22).Schreckenberg D, Meis M, Kahl C, Peschel C, Eikmann T. Aircraft noise and quality of life around Frankfurt Airport. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(9):3382-405.Nguyen TL, Trieu BL, Hiraguri Y, Morinaga M, Morihara T, Yano T. Effects of Changes in Acoustic and Non-Acoustic Factors on Public Health and Reactions: Follow-Up Surveys in the Vicinity of the Hanoi Noi Bai International Airport. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7).Nguyen TL, Morinaga M, Yokoshima S, Yano T, Sato T, Yamada I. Community response to a step change in the aircraft noise exposure around Hanoi Noi Bai International Airport. J Acoust Soc Am. 2018;143(5):2901.Basner M, Samel A, Isermann U. Aircraft noise effects on sleep: application of the results of a large polysomnographic field study. J Acoust Soc Am. 2006;119(5 Pt 1):2772-84.Kwak KM, Ju YS, Kwon YJ, Chung YK, Kim BK, Kim H, et al. The effect of aircraft noise on sleep disturbance among the residents near a civilian airport: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2016;28(1):38.Horne J-A, Pankhurst F-L, Reyner L-A, Hume K, Diamond D. A Field Study of Sleep Disturbance: Effects of Aircraft Noise and Other Factors on 5,742 Nights of Actimetrically Monitored Sleep in a Large Subject Sample. Sleep. 1994;17(2):146-59.Elmenhorst EM, Pennig S, Rolny V, Quehl J, Mueller U, Maaß H, et al. Examining nocturnal railway noise and aircraft noise in the field: sleep, psychomotor performance, and annoyance. Sci Total Environ. 2012;424:48-56.Von Elm E, et-al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet (London, England). 2007;370,9596 (1453-7.).Onakpoya I, O'Sullivan J, Thompson M, Heneghan C. The effect of wind turbine noise on sleep and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Environment International. 2015;82:1-9.J-M F, et-al. STANDARDIZED GENERAL-PURPOSE NOISE REACTION QUESTIONS FOR COMMUNITY NOISE SURVEYS: RESEARCH AND A RECOMMENDATION. Journal of Sound and vibration. 2001;242(4).Acoustics — Assessment of noise annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:ts:15666:ed-1:v1:en2003Roswall N, Høgh V, Envold-Bidstrup P, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ketzel M, Overvad K, et al. Residential exposure to traffic noise and health-related quality of life--a population-based study. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120199.Wothge J, Belke C, Möhler U, Guski R, Schreckenberg D. The Combined Effects of Aircraft and Road Traffic Noise and Aircraft and Railway Noise on Noise Annoyance-An Analysis in the Context of the Joint Research Initiative NORAH. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(8).Eriksson, Charlotta, Hilding, Agneta, Pyko, Andrei, et al. Long-Term Aircraft Noise Exposure and Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study. Environmental health perspectives. 2014;122(7).Dimakopoulou c, et-al. Is aircraft noise exposure associated with cardiovascular disease and hypertension? Results from a cohort study in Athens, Greece. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2016;74(11).Nassur A-M, et-al. Effects of Aircraft Noise Exposure on Heart Rate during Sleep in the Population Living Near Airports. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(2).Haralabidis AS, Dimakopoulou K, Vigna-Taglianti F, Giampaolo M, Borgini A, Dudley ML, et al. Acute effects of night-time noise exposure on blood pressure in populations living near airports. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(5):658-64.Rosenlund M, Berglind N, Pershagen G, Järup L, Bluhm G. Increased prevalence of hypertension in a population exposed to aircraft noise. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(12):769-73.Eriksson C, Bluhm G, Hilding A, Ostenson CG, Pershagen G. Aircraft noise and incidence of hypertension--gender specific effects. Environ Res. 2010;110(8):764-72.Pyko A, Lind T, Mitkovskaya N, Ögren M, Östenson CG, Wallas A, et al. Transportation noise and incidence of hypertension. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018;221(8):1133-41.Rhee MY, Kim HY, Roh SC, Kim HJ, Kwon HJ. The effects of chronic exposure to aircraft noise on the prevalence of hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(4):641-7.Eriksson C, Rosenlund M, Pershagen G, Hilding A, Ostenson CG, Bluhm G. Aircraft noise and incidence of hypertension. Epidemiology. 2007;18(6):716-21.Kim CS, Grady ST, Hart JE, Laden F, VoPham T, Nguyen DD, et al. Long-term aircraft noise exposure and risk of hypertension in the Nurses' Health Studies. Environ Res. 2022;207:112195.Pearson T, Campbell MJ, Maheswaran R. Acute effects of aircraft noise on cardiovascular admissions - an interrupted time-series analysis of a six-day closure of London Heathrow Airport caused by volcanic ash. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2016;18:38-43.Rojek M, Rajzer MW, Wojciechowska W, Drożdż T, Skalski P, Pizoń T, et al. Relationship among long-term aircraft noise exposure, blood pressure profile, and arterial stiffness. J Hypertens. 2019;37(7):1350-8.Schmidt F-P, et-al. Effect of nighttime aircraft noise exposure on endothelial function and stress hormone release in healthy adults. European Heart Journal 2013;34(45).Basner M, McGuire S. WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Effects on Sleep. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(3).Basner M, Griefahn B, van den Berg M. Aircraft noise effects on sleep: Mechanisms, mitigation and research needs. Noise Health. 2010;12(47):95-109.Basner M, Samel A. Nocturnal aircraft noise effect. Noise Health. 2004;6(22).Passchier-Vermer W, et-al. sleep disturbance and aircraft noise, exposure-effect relationship. https://www2.vlieghinder.nl/knipsels_pmach/pdfs/0110xx_TNO_Sleep_disturbance_and_aircraft_noise_exposure_effect_rapport3.pdf: Division Public Health Wassenaarseweg; 2002.Michaud DS, Feder K, Keith SE, Voicescu SA, Marro L, Than J, et al. Effects of Wind Turbine Noise on Self-Reported and Objective Measures of Sleep. Sleep. 2016;39(1):97-109.Baudin C, LefÈvre M, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B, Evrard AS. Self-rated health status in relation to aircraft noise exposure, noise annoyance or noise sensitivity: the results of a cross-sectional study in France. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):116.Evrard AS, Lefèvre M, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B. Does aircraft noise exposure increase the risk of hypertension in the population living near airports in France? Occup Environ Med. 2017;74(2):123-9.EstudiantesGrupos comunitariosInvestigadoresPadres y familiasPúblico generalORIGINAL1032439788.2022.pdf1032439788.2022.pdfTesis de Especialidad Medica en Medicina Aeroespacialapplication/pdf2344898https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81195/3/1032439788.2022.pdfaa6520ca2ee778481d05cb50d1119c49MD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84074https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81195/4/license.txt8153f7789df02f0a4c9e079953658ab2MD54THUMBNAIL1032439788.2022.pdf.jpg1032439788.2022.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4530https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81195/5/1032439788.2022.pdf.jpg58f4b9d16cac1e12d9e7e25ccf537eefMD55unal/81195oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/811952024-08-03 23:10:56.329Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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 |