Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga
ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, mapas, tablas
- Autores:
-
Rivera, Julio César
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/80523
- Palabra clave:
- 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas
Biomasa sobre el suelo
Propiedades del suelo
above ground biomass
soil properties
Bicarbón
Cadmio
Enmienda agrícola
Propiedades del suelo
Pirólisis lenta
Lactuca sativa
Biochar
Cadmium
agricultural amendment
Soil properties
Slow pyrolysis
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Effect of biochar amendments on physical-chemical properties and Cadmium Phytoabsorption on dissimilar soils planted with lettuce |
| title |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga |
| spellingShingle |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas Biomasa sobre el suelo Propiedades del suelo above ground biomass soil properties Bicarbón Cadmio Enmienda agrícola Propiedades del suelo Pirólisis lenta Lactuca sativa Biochar Cadmium agricultural amendment Soil properties Slow pyrolysis |
| title_short |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga |
| title_full |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga |
| title_fullStr |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga |
| title_sort |
Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rivera, Julio César |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Cuervo Andrade, Jairo Leonardo Martínez Cordón, María José |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Rivera, Julio César |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE PRODUCCIÓN AGRICOLA Y FORESTAL LABORATORIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN COMBUSTIBLES Y ENERGÍA |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas |
| topic |
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas Biomasa sobre el suelo Propiedades del suelo above ground biomass soil properties Bicarbón Cadmio Enmienda agrícola Propiedades del suelo Pirólisis lenta Lactuca sativa Biochar Cadmium agricultural amendment Soil properties Slow pyrolysis |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Biomasa sobre el suelo Propiedades del suelo |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.eng.fl_str_mv |
above ground biomass soil properties |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bicarbón Cadmio Enmienda agrícola Propiedades del suelo Pirólisis lenta |
| dc.subject.proposal.other.fl_str_mv |
Lactuca sativa |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Biochar Cadmium agricultural amendment Soil properties Slow pyrolysis |
| description |
ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, mapas, tablas |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-12T21:04:57Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-12T21:04:57Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-11 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80523 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80523 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional |
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Bogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrarias |
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Escuela de posgrados |
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias |
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Reconocimiento 4.0 InternacionalDerechos reservados al autor, 2021http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Cuervo Andrade, Jairo Leonardod83b2ed64edec2ce9165c9d0e9f3b5a7Martínez Cordón, María José0f66912da9a6accaef9784be67b513ffRivera, Julio César0446c64cc8d0ce000b76e90a56a7ab83SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE PRODUCCIÓN AGRICOLA Y FORESTALLABORATORIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN COMBUSTIBLES Y ENERGÍA2021-10-12T21:04:57Z2021-10-12T21:04:57Z2021-10-11https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80523Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, mapas, tablasEl biocarbón actualmente es un material de interés, rico en carbono que cuenta con propiedades potenciales para uso como enmienda de suelos y remediación de la contaminación con metales pesados. Se obtiene por pirólisis (descomposición térmica en ausencia de oxígeno) a partir de residuos de biomasas. Esta investigación utilizó biocarbones producidos con raquis de palma (BRP), cuesco de palma (BCP), poda de árboles (BP), pulpa de café (BC) y tallos de rosa (BTR), con el objetivo de caracterizarlos, evaluarlos como enmiendas sobre el crecimiento de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) y determinar su efecto en propiedades físico-químicas de suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Umbrisol, Andosoles y Tecnosol) contaminados con cadmio. Después establecer las propiedades físicas y químicas de las biocarbones; en cinco ensayos en matera se evaluaron los tratamientos 0, 3, 6, 9 y 12 ton ha-1 de biocarbón y fertilización convencional durante dos ciclos de siembra. Se encontró que BTR, BC y BRP presentan potencial para uso agrícola, mientras que BCP y BP tienen potencial ambiental. BC y BTR muestran una alta correlación negativa en la concentración de cadmio en el tejido foliar de plantas de lechuga frente al aumento de las dosis de biocarbón aplicadas, indicando que mitiga el efecto fitotóxico del cadmio en las plantas; se encontró que el uso de biocarbón mejora la densidad aparente y real, porosidad, capacidad de retención de humedad. Finalmente, se encontró que el pH y Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico, aumentaron con la aplicación de los biocarbones. Los biocarbones en estudio permiten la enmienda de suelos, mitigar los efectos de la contaminación con cadmio y el aprovechamiento de biomasas contaminantes. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Currently biochar is a material of interest, rich in carbon with potential properties that allow its use as soil amendment and remediation for heavy metals contamination. The Biochars were obtained by pyrolysis (thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen) using biomass residues. This research used palm rachis (BRP), palm kernel (BCP), wood waste (BP), coffee pulp (BC) and rose stems (BTR) biochars in order to characterize them and evaluate them as amendments in the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and determine its effect on physicochemical properties of dissimilar soils (Ferralsols, Umbrisols, Andosols, and Technosols) contaminated with cadmium. In five pot trials, treatments 0, 3, 6, 9 & 12- ton ha-1 of biochar and conventional fertilization were evaluated during two lettuce planting cycles. BTR, BC and BRP were found to have potential for agricultural use, while BCP and BP have environmental potential. BC and BTR show a high negative correlation in cadmium concentration in the leaf tissue of lettuce plants compared to the increase in the doses of biochar applied, indicating that it mitigates the phytotoxic effect of cadmium in plants. It was found that the use of biochar improves bulk and real density, porosity, water holding capacity. Finally, pH, cationic exchange capacity, increased with the application of biochar. The biochar under study allow the amendment of soils, mitigate the effects of cadmium contamination and the use of polluting biomass.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias AgrariasPara la investigación los biocarbones se produjeron por medio del proceso de pirólisis lenta, en un horno rotatorio de 7 m de largo y un diámetro de 0.6 m, con una tasa de calentamiento de 5.5 ° C s-1 hasta llegar a una temperatura de 450 °C con un tiempo de residencia de 45 min; posteriormente se caracterizaron en el Laboratorio de Investigación en Combustibles y Energía y el de Química Agrícola del Departamento de Química de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. Se estableció un cultivo de lechugas en los invernaderos de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ubicado en las coordenadas 4° 38´11.89" N, y a 74° 05' 17.65" O a una altura de 2656 m.s.n.m., se registró una temperatura promedio de 19.2ºC, con una máxima promedio de 24.7ºC y una mínima promedio de 14.6 ºC. Las lechugas se sembraron en materas de 20 cm de diámetro y 20 cm de alto en un sistema de riego por goteo, estableciendo cinco ensayos bajo diseños experimentales completamente al azar, uno para cada tipo de suelo muestreado en las zonas agroecológicas donde se encuentran problemas ambientales por desechos agroindustriales; se evaluaron seis tratamientos que consistieron cinco dosis de biocarbón de 0, 3, 6, 9 y 12 ton ha-1 y fertilización convencional con cuatro repeticiones y un total de 120 unidades experimentales. Posteriormente, se determinó el efecto en el crecimiento de lechuga en dos ciclos de siembra y después de nueve meses se evaluaron los efectos de las enmiendas con biocarbón en las propiedades físicas y químicas de cuatro suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Andosol, Umbrisol y Tecnosol) contaminados artificialmente con cadmio en el Laboratorio de suelos de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, el resumen del proceso metodológico se puede ver en el Anexo 1. 1) En el capítulo 1 se describe la Producción y caracterización de biocarbones: La producción del biocarbón se realizó a partir de cinco biomasas de residuos agroindustriales de palma, café, rosas y residuos de podas; para la caracterización de los biocarbones se utilizaron metodologías reconocidas por la Sociedad Americana para Pruebas y Materiales ASTM: En cuanto a las propiedades físicas se valoró densidad aparente (cilindro) y real (picnómetro), distribución de tamaño de partículas, capacidad de retención de humedad y se tomaron imágenes de microscopía electrónica SEM; para las propiedades químicas se realizó: Análisis próximo y último, espectroscopía de Raman e infrarroja (FTIR), capacidad de intercambio catiónico, pH, conductividad eléctrica, contenido de bases intercambiables (absorción atómica) y contenido de Nitrógeno, Fósforo y Azufre, 2) En el capítulo 2 se evaluó el efecto en variables fisiológicas de lechuga por el uso de biocarbones en suelos disímiles contaminados con cadmio: Se realizaron cinco experimentos en materas con dos kilogramos de suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Andosol, Umbrisol y Tecnosol) + biocarbón (5 dosis) y fertilización convencional, estos suelos proceden de los lugares donde se tomaron los desechos agroindustriales. Se midió altura, número de hojas, área de cobertura del follaje, contenido relativo de clorofila, conductancia estomática, longitud de raíz, peso fresco, peso seco y relación de peso foliar (RPF). Finalmente se valoró el contenido de cadmio en las hojas en el primer ciclo de siembra. Para el segundo ciclo de siembra se midió altura, número de hojas, peso fresco y peso seco. 3) En el capítulo 3 se evaluó el efecto en las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo por el uso de biocarbones Después de dos ciclos de siembra (nueve meses), se tomaron muestras de los suelos sometidos a la contaminación con cadmio y tratados con biocarbón; con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de los biocarbones fabricados en la propiedades físicas y químicas de suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Andosol, Umbrisol y Tecnosol). Se caracterizaron los siguientes parámetros: a. Propiedades Físicas: densidad aparente (método del cilindro) y real (método del picnómetro) y capacidad de retención de humedad. b. Propiedades Químicas: pH (Suspensión en agua 1:1, CIC (acetato - NH4 1M pH 7 y NaCl; volumétrico). Conductividad eléctrica (Extracto de la pasta saturada), Carbono orgánico oxidable (Walkley y Black), nitrógeno mineral y amoniacal (Kjeldahl), bases de cambio Mg, K, Ca y Na (absorción atómica) y fósforo disponible (Bray II).Suelos y aguasMateriales carbonosos164 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias AgrariasEscuela de posgradosFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadasBiomasa sobre el sueloPropiedades del sueloabove ground biomasssoil propertiesBicarbónCadmioEnmienda agrícolaPropiedades del sueloPirólisis lentaLactuca sativaBiocharCadmiumagricultural amendmentSoil propertiesSlow pyrolysisEfecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechugaEffect of biochar amendments on physical-chemical properties and Cadmium Phytoabsorption on dissimilar soils planted with lettuceTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMAbenza, D. 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Agronomy 9, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080460Proyecto código 44365Convocatoria No.44365 de Centro de Investigación y Extensión Rural (CIER)InvestigadoresPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83964https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/80523/1/license.txtcccfe52f796b7c63423298c2d3365fc6MD51ORIGINAL1022338457.2021.pdf1022338457.2021.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ciencias Agrariasapplication/pdf4438263https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/80523/2/1022338457.2021.pdf61036a2c559aa11082b0b357c21c6a97MD52THUMBNAIL1022338457.2021.pdf.jpg1022338457.2021.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5220https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/80523/3/1022338457.2021.pdf.jpg1a42f64b3270eeab488a06875a495b56MD53unal/80523oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/805232024-07-31 23:13:27.651Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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