Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon

Abstract. This thesis deals with the bryoflora, structure, and diversity of the communities of epiphytic bryophytes in a vertical gradient in four lowland rain forests of the Colombian Amazon. The gradient was studied in four sites and included 64 phorophytes across 2300 km2. Each phorophyte was div...

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Autores:
Campos Salazar, Laura Victoria
Tipo de recurso:
Doctoral thesis
Fecha de publicación:
2016
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/58231
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/58231
http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/54902/
Palabra clave:
57 Ciencias de la vida; Biología / Life sciences; biology
Amazon
Bryophytes
Epiphytes
Genetic structure
Indicator species
Niche assembly
Vertical distribution
Briofitas
Distribución vertical
Epifitas
Estructura genética
Especies indicadoras
Nicho
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_8bb619b0ab12c298d3e8354a717fb8b1
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/58231
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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
title Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
spellingShingle Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
57 Ciencias de la vida; Biología / Life sciences; biology
Amazon
Bryophytes
Epiphytes
Genetic structure
Indicator species
Niche assembly
Vertical distribution
Briofitas
Distribución vertical
Epifitas
Estructura genética
Especies indicadoras
Nicho
title_short Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
title_full Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
title_fullStr Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
title_full_unstemmed Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
title_sort Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Campos Salazar, Laura Victoria
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Campos Salazar, Laura Victoria
dc.contributor.spa.fl_str_mv Steege, Hans ter
Uribe Melendez, Jaime
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 57 Ciencias de la vida; Biología / Life sciences; biology
topic 57 Ciencias de la vida; Biología / Life sciences; biology
Amazon
Bryophytes
Epiphytes
Genetic structure
Indicator species
Niche assembly
Vertical distribution
Briofitas
Distribución vertical
Epifitas
Estructura genética
Especies indicadoras
Nicho
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Amazon
Bryophytes
Epiphytes
Genetic structure
Indicator species
Niche assembly
Vertical distribution
Briofitas
Distribución vertical
Epifitas
Estructura genética
Especies indicadoras
Nicho
description Abstract. This thesis deals with the bryoflora, structure, and diversity of the communities of epiphytic bryophytes in a vertical gradient in four lowland rain forests of the Colombian Amazon. The gradient was studied in four sites and included 64 phorophytes across 2300 km2. Each phorophyte was divided into six height zones. In order to carry out the sampling from the base to the top of the trees, we climbed the trees, using the static rope technique. In this thesis I present a taxonomic and floristic study. Eighteen new records of epiphytic bryophytes to Colombia and 109 new departamental records are reported. Each new record for Colombia is provided with comments, illustrations, and a description of diagnostic characteristics for each taxon. Information about localities, altitude, and distribution on the trees is also given. Many of these new records were from the forest canopy. The high number of new records was to be expected since the canopy of the Amazonian forests of Colombia has been little studied. The study presents the first inventory of epiphytic bryophytes across the Colombian Amazon, with 2827 records of bryophytes recorded from 64 trees sampled from the base to the canopy. Our inventory contained 160 species (116 liverworts and 44 mosses), distributed in 26 families and 64 genera. The average number of species per locality was 75, and the average number per plot was 9. We found floristic similarities among localities in the Colombian Amazon. Species richness was similar among the sites, except for Putumayo, where the number of species was slightly higher, very possibly influenced by species migrating from the northern Andes. We also determined that the species were distributed in a clear vertical zonation pattern along the host trees, suggesting that the species composition of the epiphytic bryophyte communities at local and regional scales can be explained by niche assembly. This conclusion is also supported by the presence of a high percentage of indicator species across the Colombian Amazon, showing a high specificity of species for a particular microhabitat within the forest. Finally, we provide a genetic population study conducted with molecular techniques, using the liverwort Cheilolejeunea rigidula as our model species, which shows that growth can be found from the base of the trunk to the upper canopy. For this study we included individuals from Guayana and Brazil to determine the connectivity and genetic structure of this species across the Amazon region. The statistical analyses and molecular data allowed us to establish the presence of a clear genetic differentiation. The spatial structure of the ITS indicated an east-to-west and north-to-south gradient with a gradual differentiation of subpopulations. The gradient is additionally supported by a weak relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance. The further apart the individuals are, the less similar their genetic structure is, indicating limitations not in the dispersion but in the sexual reproduction of Cheilolejeunea rigidula. The genetic structure of the subpopulations of C. rigidula provided us with insights into the evolution of tropical liverworts.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2016-12-08
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-07-02T13:51:41Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-07-02T13:51:41Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/58231
dc.identifier.eprints.spa.fl_str_mv http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/54902/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/58231
http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/54902/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Campos Salazar, Laura Victoria (2016) Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon. Doctorado thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/58231/1/lauravictoriacampossalazar.2016.pdf
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 InternacionalDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Steege, Hans terUribe Melendez, JaimeCampos Salazar, Laura Victoria0da87476-fefd-476e-8a94-82aef72468a03002019-07-02T13:51:41Z2019-07-02T13:51:41Z2016-12-08https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/58231http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/54902/Abstract. This thesis deals with the bryoflora, structure, and diversity of the communities of epiphytic bryophytes in a vertical gradient in four lowland rain forests of the Colombian Amazon. The gradient was studied in four sites and included 64 phorophytes across 2300 km2. Each phorophyte was divided into six height zones. In order to carry out the sampling from the base to the top of the trees, we climbed the trees, using the static rope technique. In this thesis I present a taxonomic and floristic study. Eighteen new records of epiphytic bryophytes to Colombia and 109 new departamental records are reported. Each new record for Colombia is provided with comments, illustrations, and a description of diagnostic characteristics for each taxon. Information about localities, altitude, and distribution on the trees is also given. Many of these new records were from the forest canopy. The high number of new records was to be expected since the canopy of the Amazonian forests of Colombia has been little studied. The study presents the first inventory of epiphytic bryophytes across the Colombian Amazon, with 2827 records of bryophytes recorded from 64 trees sampled from the base to the canopy. Our inventory contained 160 species (116 liverworts and 44 mosses), distributed in 26 families and 64 genera. The average number of species per locality was 75, and the average number per plot was 9. We found floristic similarities among localities in the Colombian Amazon. Species richness was similar among the sites, except for Putumayo, where the number of species was slightly higher, very possibly influenced by species migrating from the northern Andes. We also determined that the species were distributed in a clear vertical zonation pattern along the host trees, suggesting that the species composition of the epiphytic bryophyte communities at local and regional scales can be explained by niche assembly. This conclusion is also supported by the presence of a high percentage of indicator species across the Colombian Amazon, showing a high specificity of species for a particular microhabitat within the forest. Finally, we provide a genetic population study conducted with molecular techniques, using the liverwort Cheilolejeunea rigidula as our model species, which shows that growth can be found from the base of the trunk to the upper canopy. For this study we included individuals from Guayana and Brazil to determine the connectivity and genetic structure of this species across the Amazon region. The statistical analyses and molecular data allowed us to establish the presence of a clear genetic differentiation. The spatial structure of the ITS indicated an east-to-west and north-to-south gradient with a gradual differentiation of subpopulations. The gradient is additionally supported by a weak relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance. The further apart the individuals are, the less similar their genetic structure is, indicating limitations not in the dispersion but in the sexual reproduction of Cheilolejeunea rigidula. The genetic structure of the subpopulations of C. rigidula provided us with insights into the evolution of tropical liverworts.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo el estudio de la brioflora, estructura y diversidad de las comunidades de briófitos epífitos en un gradiente vertical en cuatro bosques húmedos de tierras bajas de la Amazonía colombiana. El gradiente fue estudiado en cuatro sitios e incluyó 64 forófitos través de 2.300 km2. Cada forófito fue dividido en seis zonas de altura. Con el fin de llevar a cabo la toma de muestras en las diferentes zonas de la base a la cima de los árboles, se utilizó la técnica de cuerda estática para subir a los árboles. En este estudio se presenta un estudio taxonómico y florístico. Se reportan dieciocho nuevos registros de briófitos epífitos para Colombia y 109 nuevos registros departamentales. Cada nuevo registro para Colombia está provisto de comentarios, ilustraciones científicas y una descripción de los caracteres diagnósticos para cada taxón. También se da información sobre las localidades, la altitud y la distribución de los árboles. Muchos de estos nuevos registros provenian del dosel. El elevado número de nuevos registros encontrados era de esperarse ya que el dosel de los bosques amazónicos de Colombia ha sido poco estudiado. En este estudio se presenta el primer inventario de briófitos epífitos en toda la Amazonía colombiana con 2827 registros de briofitas registrados a partir de 64 árboles muestreados desde la base hasta el dosel. Nuestro inventario contiene 160 especies (116 hepáticas, 44 musgos), distribuidos en 26 familias y 64 géneros. El número promedio de especies por localidad fue de 75, y el promedio por parcela fue de 9. Encontramos similitudes florísticas entre lugares de la Amazonía colombiana. La riqueza de especies fue bastante similar entre sitios, con excepción de Putumayo, donde el número de especies fue ligeramente superior muy posiblemente influenciado por las especies que migran desde los Andes del Norte. También se identificó que las especies se distribuyen en un patrón de zonación vertical libre a lo largo de los árboles huéspedes. Esto nos dio la confianza para explicar que el ensamble de nicho está abordando la composición de las especies de las comunidades briófitos epífitos a escalas locales y regionales. Lo anterios también fue apoyada por la presencia de un alto porcentaje de especies indicadoras través de la Amazonía colombiana, que muestra una alta especificidad de especies para un microhábitat particular. Por último, presentamos un estudio de genetica de poblaciones, para ello empleamos técnicas moleculares, y usamos la especies de hepatica Cheilolejeunea rigidula como nuestra especie modelo. Esta especie se puede encontrar distribuida desde la base del tronco hasta la copa de los árboles. Para este estudio se incluyeron individuos de Guayana y Brasil para determinar la conectividad y la estructura genética de esta especie en toda la región amazónica. Los análisis estadísticos y los datos moleculares nos dieron las herramientas para establecer la presencia de una clara diferenciación genética. La estructura espacial basados en el marcador nuclear ITS indica la dirección este a oeste y el gradiente norte-sur con una progresiva diferenciación de las subpoblaciones. El gradiente es, además, el apoyo de una relación debil entre la distancia genética y la distancia geográfica. Cuanto más alejadas los individuos estan, más diferentes es su estructura genética, lo que indica las limitaciones no en la dispersión, pero si en la reproducción sexual de Cheilolejeunea rigidula. La estructura genética de las subpoblaciones de esta especie nos proporcionan perspectivas de la evolución de las hepáticas tropicales.Doctoradoapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesInstituto de Ciencias NaturalesCampos Salazar, Laura Victoria (2016) Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian Amazon. Doctorado thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá.57 Ciencias de la vida; Biología / Life sciences; biologyAmazonBryophytesEpiphytesGenetic structureIndicator speciesNiche assemblyVertical distributionBriofitasDistribución verticalEpifitasEstructura genéticaEspecies indicadorasNichoDiversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the Colombian AmazonTrabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Texthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDORIGINALlauravictoriacampossalazar.2016.pdfapplication/pdf4705546https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/58231/1/lauravictoriacampossalazar.2016.pdfec20be56af7870f92116a268dbd6d5a3MD51THUMBNAILlauravictoriacampossalazar.2016.pdf.jpglauravictoriacampossalazar.2016.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg3931https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/58231/2/lauravictoriacampossalazar.2016.pdf.jpg97ee8af025c736e69d4bce0142e77ff8MD52unal/58231oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/582312023-03-26 23:06:38.929Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.co