Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia

ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías

Autores:
Palma Castro, Héctor Daniel
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85645
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85645
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
560 - Paleontología::561 - Paleobotánica
Fósiles vegetales
Vegetal fossils
Botany
Plant biology
Botánica
Paleobotánica
Formación La Paja
Cretácico Inferior
Colombia
Paleobotany
La Paja Formation
Lower Cretaceous
Colombia
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_8532ab286aa9c51b781c7a662350b8b0
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85645
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Palaeodiversity of the fossil flora from the La Paja Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Colombia
title Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
spellingShingle Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
560 - Paleontología::561 - Paleobotánica
Fósiles vegetales
Vegetal fossils
Botany
Plant biology
Botánica
Paleobotánica
Formación La Paja
Cretácico Inferior
Colombia
Paleobotany
La Paja Formation
Lower Cretaceous
Colombia
title_short Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
title_full Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
title_fullStr Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
title_sort Paleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de Colombia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Palma Castro, Héctor Daniel
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Herrera, Fabiany
Lowy, Petter
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Palma Castro, Héctor Daniel
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de Investigación en Paleobiología e Historia Natural (GIPHiN)
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Palma-Castro Héctor D. [0000000161265545]
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv PALMA-CASTRO, HÉCTOR DANIEL [0001705304]
dc.contributor.researchgate.spa.fl_str_mv Palma-Castro Héctor Daniel [Hector-Palma-Castro]
dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv Palma-Castro Hector Daniel [zIvZwGkAAAAJ&hl]
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 560 - Paleontología::561 - Paleobotánica
topic 560 - Paleontología::561 - Paleobotánica
Fósiles vegetales
Vegetal fossils
Botany
Plant biology
Botánica
Paleobotánica
Formación La Paja
Cretácico Inferior
Colombia
Paleobotany
La Paja Formation
Lower Cretaceous
Colombia
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv Fósiles vegetales
dc.subject.agrovoc.eng.fl_str_mv Vegetal fossils
Botany
Plant biology
dc.subject.decs.spa.fl_str_mv Botánica
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Paleobotánica
Formación La Paja
Cretácico Inferior
Colombia
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Paleobotany
La Paja Formation
Lower Cretaceous
Colombia
description ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-07T14:33:57Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-07T14:33:57Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85645
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85645
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Andruchow‐Colombo, A., Escapa, I. H., Cúneo, N. R., & Gandolfo, M. A. (2018). Araucaria lefipanensis (Araucariaceae), a new species with dimorphic leaves from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. American Journal of Botany, 105(6), 1067–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1113
Archangelsky, S. (1976). Vegetales fósiles de la Formación Springhill, Cretácico, en el subsuelo de la Cuenca Magallánica, Chile. Ameghiniana, 13.
Archangelsky, S., Barreda, V., Passalia, M. G., Gandolfo, M., Prámparo, M., Romero, E., Cúneo, R., Zamuner, A., Iglesias, A., Llorens, M., Puebla, G. G., Quattrocchio, M., & Volkheimer, W. (2009). Early angiosperm diversification: evidence from southern South America. Cretaceous Research, 30(5), 1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2009.03.001
Batista, M. E. P., Martine, A. M., Saraiva, A. Á. F., Lima, F. J. de, Barros, O. A., Sá, A. A. A., & Loiola, M. I. B. (2021). Brachyphyllum: State of the art and new data regarding B. obesum, the most representative fossil plant in the Araripe Basin, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103405
Bernardes-De-Oliveira, M. E. C., Sucerquia, P. A., Mohr, B., Dino, R., Antonioli, L., & Garcia, M. J. (2014). Indicadores paleoclimáticos na paleoflora do Crato, final do Aptiano do Gondwana Norocidental. Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida—Paleoclimas, 5, 99–118.
Berry, E. W. (1922). Contributions to the Paleobotany of Peru, Bolivia and Chile: Five Papers (Números 15–19). John Hopkins Press.
Berry, E. W. (1937). On the presence of the fern Weichselia in Colombia, South America. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 27(11), 458–461. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24529342
Berry, E. W. (1939). The fossil plants from Huallanca, Peru. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Geology, 13, 73–93.
Berry, E. W. (1945). The Weichselia Stage in the Andean geosyncline. Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies Geol., 14, 151–169.
Biswas, C., & Johri, B. M. (1997). The Gymnosperms. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0
Blakey, R. C. (2008). Gondwana paleogeography from assembly to breakup—A 500 my odyssey. En C. R. Fielding, T. D. Frank, & J. L. Isbell (Eds.), Geological Society of America Special Papers (Vol. 441, pp. 1–28). Geological Society of America.
Blanco‐Moreno, C., Decombeix, A., & Prestianni, C. (2021). New insights into the affinities, autoecology, and habit of the Mesozoic fern Weichselia reticulata based on the revision of stems from Bernissart (Mons Basin, Belgium). Papers in Palaeontology, 7(3), 1351–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1344
Blanco-Moreno, C., Gomez, B., & Buscalioni, Á. (2018). Palaeobiogeographic and metric analysis of the Mesozoic fern Weichselia. Geobios, 51(6), 571–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2018.05.001
Blanco-Moreno, C., Gomez, B., Marugán-Lobón, J., Daviero-Gomez, V., & Buscalioni, Á. D. (2019). A novel approach for the metric analysis of fern fronds: Growth and architecture of the Mesozoic fern Weichselia reticulata in the light of modern ferns. PLOS ONE, 14(6), e0219192. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219192
Boinet, T. (1985). La Frontière méridionale de la plaque Caraibe aux confins colombo-vénézuéliens (Norte de Santander, Colombie): données géologiques. Université Paris VI.
Bürgl, H. (1954). El Cretáceo inferior en los alrededores de Villa de Leiva (Boyacá). Boletín Geológico, 2(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol2.1.1954.310
Bürgl, H. (1957). Bioestratigrafía de la sabana de Bogotá y sus alrededores. Boletín Geológico, 5(2), 113–185. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol5.2.1957.290
Bürgl, H. (1958). El Jurásico e Infracretaceo del rio Batá, Boyacá. Boletín Geológico, 6(1–3), 164–223. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol6.1-3.1958.328
Bürgl, H. (1964). El “Jura-Triásico” de Colombia. Boletín Geológico, 12(1–3), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol12.1-3.1964.266
Cantrill, D. J. (1992). Araucarian Foliage from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern Victoria, Australia. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 153(4), 622–645. https://doi.org/10.1086/297084
Cantrill, D. J., & Falcon-Lang, H. J. (2001). Cretaceous (Late Albian) coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 2. Leaves, reproductive structures and roots. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 115(3–4), 119–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00053-7
Cantrill, D. J., & Nagalingum, N. S. (2005). Ferns from the Cretaceous of Alexander Island, Antarctica: Implications for Cretaceous phytogeography of the Southern Hemisphere. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 137(3–4), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.08.004
Carrizo, M. A., & Del Fueyo, G. M. (2015). The Early Cretaceous megaflora of the Springhill Formation, Patagonia. Paleofloristic and Paleonvironmental inferences. Cretaceous Research, 56, 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.03.006
Carruthers, W. (1870). XVIII. On Fossil Cycadean Stems from the Secondary Rocks of Britain. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 26(4), 675–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1870.tb00201.x
Césari, S. N., Parica, C. A., Remesal, M. B., & Salani, F. M. (1998). First evidence of Pentoxylales in Antarctica. Cretaceous Research, 19(6), 733–743. https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1998.0128
Coiro, M., Martínez, L. C. A., Upchurch, G. R., & Doyle, J. A. (2020). Evidence for an extinct lineage of angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous of Patagonia and implications for the early radiation of flowering plants. New Phytologist, 228(1), 344–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16657
Coiro, M., Roberts, E. A., Hofmann, C.-Ch., & Seyfullah, L. J. (2022). Cutting the long branches: Consilience as a path to unearth the evolutionary history of Gnetales. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.1082639
Crane, P. R., & Lidgard, S. (1989). Angiosperm Diversification and Paleolatitudinal Gradients in Cretaceous Floristic Diversity. Science, 246(4930), 675–678. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.246.4930.675
Del Fueyo, G. M. (2007). Biodiversidad de las paleofloras de Patagonia austral durante el Cretácico Inferior. Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, 11(1).
Del Fueyo, G. M., Archangelsky, S., Llorens, M., & Cúneo, R. (2008). Coniferous Ovulate Cones from the Lower Cretaceous of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 169(6), 799–813. https://doi.org/10.1086/533608
Edwards, W. N. (1933). On the Cretaceous fern Paradoxopteris and its connexion with Weichselia. Annals of Botany, 47(186), 317–341.
El Atfy, H., Jasper, A., & Uhl, D. (2020). A new record of Paradoxopteris stromeri Hirmer 1927 (Monilophyta, incertae sedis) from the Cenomanian of Sinai, Egypt. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 273, 104148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104148
Escapa, Cúneo, Rothwell, & Stockey. (2013). Pararaucaria delfueyoi sp. nov. from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation, Chubut, Argentina: Insights into the Evolution of the Cheirolepidiaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 174(3), 458–470. https://doi.org/10.1086/668612
Escapa, & Leslie. (2017). A new cheirolepidiaceae (Coniferales) from the early jurassic of patagonia (argentina): Reconciling the records of impression and permineralized fossils. American Journal of Botany, 104(2), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600321
Escapa, Rothwell, Stockey, & Cúneo. (2012). Seed cone anatomy of Cheirolepidiaceae (Coniferales): Reinterpreting Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland. American Journal of Botany, 99(6), 1058–1068. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100544
Etayo-Serna, F. (1968). Sinopsis estratigráfica de la región de Villa de Leiva y zonas próximas. Boletín de Geología, 21, 19–32. https://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistaboletindegeologia/article/view/7041
Etayo-Serna, F. (1979). Zonation of the Cretaceous of central Colombia by Ammonites: Bogotá. Colombia, INGEOMINAS, Publicación Especial, 2, 186.
Etayo-Serna, F. (1985a). Documentación paleontológica del infracretacico de San Felix y Valle Alto, Cordillera Central. En F. Etayo-Serna & F. Laverde Montaño (Eds.), Proyecto Cretácico (Vol. 16, p. XXV(1)-XXV(7)). Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS.
Etayo-Serna, F. (1985b). Paleontologia estratigrafica del sistema cretacico en la sierra nevada del cocuy. En F. Etayo-Serna & F. Laverde Montaño (Eds.), Proyecto Cretácico, Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS (Vol. 16, p. XV(1)-XV(46)). Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS.
Ettingshausen, C. von. (1888). Contributions to the Tertiary flora of Australia. Geol. Surv. New South Wales, Mem., Paleontol.
Fabre, A. (1985). Dinámica de la sedimentación cretácica en la región de Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (Cordillera Oriental de Colombia). En F. Etayo-Serna & F. Laverde Montaño (Eds.), Proyecto Cretácico (Vol. 16, p. XIX(1)-XIX(20)). Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS.
Falcon-Lang, H. J., & Cantrill, D. J. (2000). Cretaceous (Late Albian) coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 1: Wood taxonomy: a quantitative approach. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 111(1–2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00012-9
Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Farjon, A. (2010). A Handbook of the World’s Conifers (Vol. 1). BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047430629
Farjon, A. (2018). The Kew Review: Conifers of the World. Kew Bulletin, 73(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-018-9738-5
Feistmantel, O. (1877). Jurassic (Liassic) flora of the Rajmahal Group in the Rajmahal Hills: Memoirs of the Geological Society of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Series II, 53–162.
Ferguson, D. K. (2005). Plant taphonomy: Ruminations on the past, the present, and the future. En Palaios (Vol. 20, Número 5, pp. 418–428). SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology. https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2005.P05-25p
Föllmi, K. B. (2012). Early Cretaceous life, climate and anoxia. Cretaceous Research, 35, 230–257.
Forero, H., & Sarmiento L. (1985). Las facies evaporítica de la Formación Paja en la región de Villa de Leyva. EtayoSerna-Serna F. & Laverde, F. Proyecto Cretácico. Publ. Geol. Esp. 16., 1–16.
Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., & Pedersen, K. R. (2011). Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980206
Galtier, J., Phillips, T. L., Jones, T. P., & Rowe, N. P. (1999). The acetate peel technique. En T. P. Jones & N. P. Rowe (Eds.), Fossil plants and spores: Modern techniques (pp. 67–70). Geological Society of London.
Gaona-Narváez, T. (2015). El Cretácico sedimentario al este de la Falla de San Jerónimo: Compilación para el Mapa Geológico de Colombia. En J. Gómez-Tapia & M. F. Almanza-Meléndez (Eds.), Compilando la geología de Colombia: Una visión a 2015. Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales 33 (Vol. 33, pp. 421–429).
Gaona-Narvaez, T., Maurrasse, F. J.-M., & Etayo-Serna, F. (2013). Geochemistry, palaeoenvironments and timing of Aptian organic-rich beds of the Paja Formation (Curit\’\i, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 382(1), 31–48.
Gastaldo, R. A., Pfefferkorn, H. W., & DiMichele, W. A. (1995). Taphonomic and sedimentologic characterization of roof-shale floras. En Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America. Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM185-p341
González, H., Lemoigne, I., & Martínez, J. O. (1977). Flora de la formación Valle Alto-Jurásico-en la cordillera central de Colombia. Boletin de Ciencias de la Tierra, 2, 107–122.
Guerrero, J. (2002). A proposal on the classification of systems tracts: application to the allostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Cretaceous Colombian Basin. Part 2: Barremian to Maastrichtian. Geología Colombiana, 27, 27–49.
Gupta, S. Sen. (1986). On Taeniopteris crassinervis (Feistmantel) Walkom from Rajmahal hill, Bihar, India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 49(3–4), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(86)90027-8
Harris. (1962). The Occurrence of the Fructification Carnoconites in New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Geology, 1(4), 17–27.
Harris, T. M. (1944). A revision of Williamsoniella. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 231(583), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1944.0001
Harris, T. M. (1964). The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora. II. Caytoniales, Cycadales & Pteridosperms. British Museum (Natural History).
Harris, T. M. (1979). The Yorkshire Jurassic flora V coniferales. Trustees of the British Museum.
Heer, O. (1878). Beitrage zur fossilen Flora Sibiriens und des Amurlandes. Memoires de I’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg, 1–58.
Hermsen, E. J. (2021). Review of the Fossil Record of Passiflora, with a Description of New Seeds from the Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 182(6), 533–550. https://doi.org/10.1086/714282
Hernández-Orúe, A. (2016). El nombre de las hojas de las Coníferas del Mesozoico. Asociación Paleontológica Alcarreña NAUTILUS, 8, 23–28.
Herrera, F., Hotton, C. L., Smith, S. Y., Lopera, P. A., Neander, A. I., Wittry, J., Zheng, Y., Heck, P. R., Crane, P. R., & D’Antonio, M. P. (2023). Investigating Mazon Creek fossil plants using computed tomography and microphotography. Frontiers in Earth Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1200976
Herrera, F., Leslie, A. B., Shi, G., Knopf, P., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., Crane, P. R., & Herendeen, P. S. (2016). New fossil Pinaceae from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia. Botany, 94(9), 885–915. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0042
Herrera, F., Shi, G., Knopf, P., Leslie, A. B., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., Crane, P. R., & Herendeen, P. S. (2017). Cupressaceae Conifers from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 178(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.1086/689577
Herrera, F., Shi, G., Mays, C., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., Bevitt, J. J., Herendeen, P. S., & Crane, P. R. (2020). Reconstructing Krassilovia mongolica supports recognition of a new and unusual group of Mesozoic conifers. PLOS ONE, 15(1), e0226779. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226779
Herrera, F., Testo, W. L., Field, A. R., Clark, E. G., Herendeen, P. S., Crane, P. R., & Shi, G. (2022). A permineralized Early Cretaceous lycopsid from China and the evolution of crown clubmosses. New Phytologist, 233(5), 2310–2322. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17874
Hirmer, M. (1927). Handbuch der Paläobotanik. Band I. Thallophyta-Bryophyta-Pteridophyta. Zeitschrift für Induktive Abstammungs-und Vererbungslehre, 49, 339–344.
Howe, J., & Cantrill, D. J. (2001). Palaeoecology and taxonomy of Pentoxylales from the Albian of Antarctica. Cretaceous Research, 22(6), 779–793. https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.2001.0286
Hubach, E. (1945). La Formación’Cáqueza’, región de Cáqueza (oriente de Cundinamarca). Comp. Estud. Geol. Ofic. Colombia, VI, 23–26.
Huber, B. T., & O’Brien, C. L. (2021). Cretaceous Climate. En Encyclopedia of Geology (pp. 497–503). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12068-8
Huertas, G. (1967). Sertum florulae fossilis Villae de Leivae. Caldasia, 59–75.
Huertas, G. (1970). Sertum florulae fossilis Villae de Leiva II. Caldasia, 595–602.
Huertas, G. (1976). Sertum florulae fossilis Villae de Leiva. Caldasia, 11(54), 17–23.
Huertas, G. (2003). Flora Fósil de Villa de Leyva y sus alrededores. Camargo Editores.
Hunter, A. W., & Donovan, S. K. (2005). Field sampling bias, museum collections and completeness of the fossil record. Lethaia, 38(4), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00241160500289559
Ickert-Bond, S. M., & Renner, S. S. (2016). The Gnetales: Recent insights on their morphology, reproductive biology, chromosome numbers, biogeography, and divergence times. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12190
IUGS. (2022, septiembre 16). Marine Reptile Lagerstätte from the Lower Cretaceous of the Ricaurte Alto - IUGS. International Commission on Geoheritage. https://iugs-geoheritage.org/geoheritage_sites/marine-reptile-lagerstatte-from-the-lower-cretaceous-of-the-ricaurte-alto/
Jaramillo, C. (2019). 140 Million Years of Tropical Biome Evolution. En The Geology of Colombia: Vol. Volume 2 Mesozoic. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.06
Jaramillo, C. (2023). The evolution of extant South American tropical biomes. New Phytologist, 239(2), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18931
Jaramillo, C., & Cárdenas, A. (2013). Global Warming and Neotropical Rainforests: A Historical Perspective. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41(1), 741–766. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105403
Jin, P., Zhang, M., Du, B., Li, A., & Sun, B. (2023). A new species of Pararaucaria from the Lower Cretaceous of Shandong province (Eastern China): Insights into the evolution of the Cheirolepidiaceae cone. Cretaceous Research, 146, 105475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105475
Julivert, M. (1968). Lexique Stratigraphique International Amérique Latine: Colombie, v. 5, fascicule 4. Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Julivert, M., Barrero, D., & Navas, J. (1964). Geología de la mesa de Los Santos. Boletín de Geología, 18, 5–11.
Knowlton, F. H. (1911). Description of Two New Fossil Figs from Wyoming and Montana. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 38(8), 389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2479216
Krasser, F. (1921). Die von Ing. Karl Mandl (Wien) bei Nikolsk-Ussurijsk entdeckten Jurapflanzen hat folgenden Inhalt. Kgl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss. Kl. Anz, 58, 219–222.
Kunzmann, L. (2007). Araucariaceae (Pinopsida): Aspects in palaeobiogeography and palaeobiodiversity in the Mesozoic. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 246(4), 257–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2007.08.001
Kunzmann, L., Coiffard, C., Assis de Oliveira Westerkamp, A. P., Batista, M. E. P., Uhl, D., Solórzano-Kraemer, M. M., Mendes, M., do Nascimento, D. R., Iannuzzi, R., & da Silva Filho, W. F. (2021). Crato Flora: A 115-Million-Year-Old Window into the Cretaceous World of Brazil. En Brazilian Paleofloras (pp. 1–40). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90913-4_27-1
Kunzmann, L., Mohr, B. A. R., & Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M. E. C. (2004). Gymnosperms from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil). I. Araucariaceae and Lindleycladus (incertae sedis). Fossil Record, 7(1), 155–174.
Kvaček, J. (2003). Foliage of a broad leaved conifer Dammarophyllum from the Cenomanian of Bohemia. Časopis Národn\’\iho muzea, Řada př\’\irodovědná, 172(1–4), 13–20.
Kvaček, J., & Lobitzer, H. (2010). First records of Dammarites albens Presl in Sternberg (Pinopsida?) from the Cretaceous of Austria. Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, 179(12), 131–137.
Labandeira, C. C., Wilf, P., Johnson, K. R., & Marsh, F. (2007). Guide to Insect (and other) Damage Types on Compressed Plant Fossils. Version 3.0. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16571441.v1
Lemoigne, Y. (1984). Données nouvelles sur la paléoflore de Colombie. En Geobios (Vol. 17, Número 6, pp. 667–707). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(84)80115-1
Li, A.-J., Lei, X., Ma, G., Hui, J., Zhang, J., Jin, P., & Du, B. (2021). Fossil Pagiophyllum from the Lower Cretaceous of Jiuquan Basin, Gansu Province, and its palaeoenvironmental implications. Geological Journal, 56(11), 5387–5403. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4247
Li, Y.-F., Sun, C.-L., Wang, H., Dilcher, D. L., Tan, X., Li, T., & Na, Y.-L. (2018). First record of Eretmophyllum (Ginkgoales) with well-preserved cuticle from the Middle Jurassic of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Palaeoworld, 27(2), 188–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2017.09.002
Lima, F. J., Saraiva, A. Á. F., & Sayão, J. M. (2012). Revisão da Paleoflora das Formações Missão Velha, Crato e Romualdo, Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. Estudos Geológicos, 22(1), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.18190/1980-8208/estudosgeologicos.v22n1p99-115
Lipps, T. (1938). Estudios geologicos y paleontologicos Cordillera oriental Colombia. Parte 3 (pp. 137–155).
Magallón, S., & Castillo, A. (2009). Angiosperm diversification through time. American Journal of Botany, 96(1), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.3732/AJB.0800060
Mantilla-Figueroa, L. C., Cruz, L. E., & Colegial, J. D. (2003). Introducción a la geología del sector Vélez–Bolívar–Guavatá (dpto. De santander, colombia) y su importancia para la exploración de depósitos hidrotermales. Boletín de Geología, 25(40), 39–57.
Martínez, C. (2017). Passifloraceae seeds from the late Eocene of Colombia. American Journal of Botany, 104(12), 1857–1866. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700224
Martínez, L. C. A., Artabe, A. E. E., & Bodnar, J. (2012). A new cycad stem from the Cretaceous in Argentina and its phylogenetic relationships with other Cycadales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 170(3), 436–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01300.x
Martínez, L. C. A., & Olivo, M. S. (2015). Tempskya in the Valanginian of South America (Mulichinco Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina) — Systematics, palaeoclimatology and palaeoecology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 219, 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.04.002
Martínez, L. C. A., Pacheco Huacallo, E., Pujana, R. R., & Padula, H. (2020). A new megaflora (leaves and reproductive structures) from the Huancané Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Peru. Cretaceous Research, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104426
McLoughlin, S. (2001). The breakup history of Gondwana and its impact on pre-Cenozoic floristic provincialism. En Australian Journal of Botany (Vol. 49, Número 3, pp. 271–300). https://doi.org/10.1071/BT00023
Menéndez, C. A. (1951). La flora mesozoica de la Formación Llantenes (provincia de Mendoza). Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencias Naturales (Botánica), 2, 147–261.
Meyen, S. (1987). Fundamentals of palaeobotany. Chapman and Hall.
Miller, I. M., & Hickey, L. J. (2010). The Fossil Flora of the Winthrop Formation (Albian-Early Cretaceous) of Washington State, USA. Part II: Pinophytina. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 51(1), 3–96. https://doi.org/10.3374/014.051.0104
Mohr, B. A. R., Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M. E. C., & Loveridge, R. F. (2007). The macrophyte flora of the Crato Formation. En Martill DM, Bechly G, & Loveridge RF (Eds.), The Crato fossil beds of Brazil: window into an ancient world (pp. 537–565). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535512.020
Monje-Dussán, C., Martínez, C., Escapa, I., & Madriñán, S. (2016). Nuevos Registros De Helechos Y Coníferas Del Cretácico Inferior En La Cuenca Del Valle Superior Del Magdalena, Colombia. Revista Boletín de Geología, 38(4), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v38n4-2016002
Montoya Arenas, D. (2019). Formación La Paja: descripción de la sección tipo. Influencia de los tapices microbiales en su génesis. En Estudios geológicos y paleontológicos sobre el Cretácico en la región del embalse del río Sogamoso, Valle Medio del Magdalena. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32685/9789585231788-2
Morales, L. G., Tanner, H. H., Jones, S. H., Barker, M. H. S., O’Donoghue, D. J., Mohler, C. E., Dubois, E. P., Jacobs, C., & Goss, C. R. (1958). General Geology and Oil Occurrences of Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. En Habitat of Oil. American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Moreno-Sánchez, M. (1994). La paleoflora del Cretácico Inferior de las regiones de San Antonio y Aipe (Huila). En Estudios Geológicos del Valle Superior del Magdalena (pp. XIV--1-- XIV--12).
Moreno-Sánchez, M., Gómez-Cruz, A. de J., & Castillo-González, H. (2007). Frenelopsis y Pseudofrenelopsis (Coniferales: Cheirolepidiaceae) en el Cretácico Temprano de Colombia. Boletín de Geología, 29(2), 13–19.
Moreno-Sánchez, M., Gómez-Cruz, A. de J., & Toro, L. M. (2008). Proveniencia del material clástico del Complejo Quebradagrande y su relación con los complejos estructurales adyacentes. Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, 22, 27–38.
Mussa, D., Carvalho, I. S., Corrêa-Martins, F. J., & Zuccoloto, M. E. (2000). Paradoxopteris Hirmer 1927, o caule de Weicheselia Stiehler 1857, presente no Cretáceo da Bacia de São Lu\’\is, Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Revista da Universidade de Guarulhos, 5(6), 60–70.
Nagalingum, N. S., & Cantrill, D. J. (2006). Early Cretaceous Gleicheniaceae and Matoniaceae (Gleicheniales) from Alexander Island, Antarctica. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 138(2), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.11.001
Nelson, H. W. (1957). Contribution to the geology of the Central and Western Cordillera of Colombia in the sector between Ibagué and Cali. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 22(1), 1–75.
Neumann, R. (1907). Beiträge zur kenntnis der kreideformation in mittel-perúu. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie24, 24, 61–132.
O’Brien, C. L., Robinson, S. A., Pancost, R. D., Damsté, J. S. S., Schouten, S., Lunt, D. J., Alsenz, H., Bornemann, A., Bottini, C., Brassell, S. C., & others. (2017). Cretaceous sea-surface temperature evolution: Constraints from TEX86 and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes. Earth-Science Reviews, 172, 224–247.
Oldham, T., & Morris, J. (1863). Fossil flora of the Rajmahal Series in the Rajmahal Hills. Memoirs of the Geological Society of India Palaeontologia Indica, Series II, 1, 1–52.
Palma-Castro, H., & Bustos-Sotelo, J. A. (2023). Flora fósil del Aptiano Superior de la Formación La Paja, sección los Guayabos, Vélez Santander (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Memorias del XI Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología-Simposio Paleobotánica y Palinología, 90–92.
Palma-Castro, H., Cómbita-Romero, D., Cadena, E.-A., Carvalho, M., & Herrera, F. (2023). An Early Cretaceous Sphenophyllum or a hatchling turtle? Palaeontologia Electronica. https://doi.org/10.26879/1306
Panti, C., Pujana, R. R., ZamaloaMarí, M. C., & Romero, E. J. (2012). Araucariaceae macrofossil record from South America and Antarctica. Alcheringa, 36(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2011.564562
Passalia, M. G. (2007). A mid-Cretaceous flora from the Kachaike Formation, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 28(5), 830–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.12.006
Patarroyo, P. (1997). Barremiano Inferior en la Base de la Formación Paja, Barichara, Santander - Colombia. Geología Colombiana, 22, 135–138. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/geocol/article/view/31451
Patarroyo, P. (2000). Distribución de amonitas del Barremiano de la Formación Paja en el sector de Villa de Leyva (Boyacá, Colombia). Bioestratigraf\’\ia. Geología Colombiana, 25, 149–162.
Patarroyo, P. (2009). High energy level ammonites of the Paja Formation early Barremian in the Villa de Leyva (Boyacá) and Vélez (Santander) areas - Colombia. Boletin de Geología, 31(2), 15–21.
Pessoa, E. M., Ribeiro, A. C., Christenhusz, M. J. M., Coan, A. I., & Jud, N. A. (2023). Is Santaniella a ranunculid? Reassessment of this enigmatic fossil angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian, Crato Konservat‐Lagerstätte, Brazil) provides a new interpretation. American Journal of Botany, 110(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16163
Pons, D. (1988). Le Mésozolque de Colombie, Macroflores et microflores. Cahiers de Paléontologie, Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris., 168.
Pott, C., Kerp, H., & Krings, M. (2007). Morphology and epidermal anatomy of Nilssonia (cycadalean foliage) from the Upper Triassic of Lunz (Lower Austria). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143(3–4), 197–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.07.007
Pott, C., Krings, M., & Kerp, H. (2007). First record of Nilssoniopteris (Gymnospermophyta, Bennettitales) from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Lunz, Lower Austria. Palaeontology, 50(5), 1299–1318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00704.x
Puente-Arauzo, E., Sender, L. M., Villanueva-Amadoz, U., Diez, J. B., & Torcida Fernández-Baldor, F. (2014). Nuevos registros del género Tempskya Corda, 1845 (Pteridophyta) en depósitos del Hauteriviense Superior-Barremiense Inferior del norte de España. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 66(1), 123–134.
Quiroz Cabascango, D. E. (2021). Paleobotany and stratigraphy of the lower aptian to middle albian in the central sub-andean zone of Ecuador. Universidad de Investigación de Tecnolog\’\ia Experimental Yachay.
Ribeiro, A. C., Ribeiro, G. C., Varejão, F. G., Battirola, L. D., Pessoa, E. M., Sim\~oes, M. G., Warren, L. V., Riccomini, C., & Poyato-Ariza, F. J. (2021). Towards an actualistic view of the Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte paleoenvironment: a new hypothesis as an Early Cretaceous (Aptian) equatorial and semi-arid wetland. Earth-Science Reviews, 216, 103573.
Rodríguez, E., & Ulloa, C. (1994a). Geologia de la Plancha 169-Puerto Boyaca. Escala 1: 100.000. Memoria resumida, INGEOMINAS.
Rodríguez, E., & Ulloa, C. (1994b). Geologia de la Plancha 189-La Palma. Escala 1: 100.000. Memoria resumida, INGEOMINAS.
Rothwell, G. W., Crepet, W. L., & Stockey, R. A. (2009). Is the anthophyte hypothesis alive and well? New evidence from the reproductive structures of Bennettitales. American Journal of Botany, 96(1), 296–322. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0800209
Rothwell, G. W., Stockey, R. A., Stevenson, D. W., & Zumajo-Cardona, C. (2022). Large Permineralized Seeds in the Jurassic of Haida Gwaii, Western Canada: Exploring the Mode and Tempo of Cycad Evolution. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 183(8), 674–690. https://doi.org/10.1086/721710
Royo y Gómez, J. (1945). Fósiles Carboníferos e Infracretácicos del Oriente de Cundinamarca. Compilación de Estudios Geológicos Oficiales en Colombia, VI, 193 – 246.
Sahni, B. (1948). The Pentoxyleae: A New Group of Jurassic Gymnosperms from the Rajmahal Hills of India. Botanical Gazette, 110(1), 47–80. https://doi.org/10.1086/335517
Salfeld, H. (1911). Fossilien Pflanzen aus der obersten Jura bzw, Unteren Kreide von Peru–in Hauthal, Reisen in Peru und Bolivien. En Reisen in Peru und Bolivien (pp. 211–217).
Sarmiento-Rojas, L. F., Van Wess, J. D., & Cloetingh, S. (2006). Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21(4), 383–411.
Schlagintweit, O. (1919). Weichselia mantelli im nordöstlichen Venezuela. Cbl. Miner. Geol. Paläont, 1919, 315–319.
Schoemaker, R. E. (1982). Fossil leaves from the lower Cretaceous Ciano formation, southwestern Ecuador. Palaeontographic, 180, 120–132.
Schulz, C., Knopf, P., & Stützel, Th. (2005). Identification key to the Cypress family (Cupressaceae). Feddes Repertorium, 116(1–2), 96–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.200411062
Schulz, C., & Stützel, T. (2007). Evolution of taxodiaceous Cupressaceae (Coniferopsida). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 7(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2006.03.001
Seward A. C. (1919). Fossil plants; a text-book for students of botany and geology, (Vol. 4). Cambridge,Cambridge University Press,.
Shi, G., Herrera, F., Herendeen, P. S., Leslie, A. B., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., & Crane, P. R. (2018). Leaves of Podozamites and Pseudotorellia from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia: stomatal patterns and implications for relationships. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 16(2), 111–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1274343
Steart, D. C., Spencer, A. R. T., Garwood, R. J., Hilton, J., Munt, M. C., Needham, J., & Kenrick, P. (2014). X-ray Synchrotron Microtomography of a silicified Jurassic Cheirolepidiaceae (Conifer) cone: histology and morphology of Pararaucaria collinsonae sp. nov. PeerJ, 2, e624. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.624
Stockey, R. A. (1981). Pityostrobus mcmurrayensis sp.nov., a permineralized pinaceous cone from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany, 59(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-013
Stockey, R. A., & Rothwell, G. W. (2003). Anatomically Preserved Williamsonia (Williamsoniaceae): Evidence for Bennettitalean Reproduction in the Late Cretaceous of Western North America. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164(2), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1086/346166
Sucerquia, P. A. (2013). Taxonomia, modos de preservação e fitogeografia de coníferas aptianas da região paleoequatorial da América do Sul. PhD diss. Universidade de São Paulo.
Sutton, M. D. (2008). Tomographic techniques for the study of exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1643), 1587–1593. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0263
Taylor, E. L., Taylor, T. N., & Krings, M. (2009). Paleobotany: the biology and evolution of fossil plants. Academic Press.
Thomas, H. G. (1916). III. On williamsoniella, a new type of bennettitalean flower. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 207(335–347), 113–148. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1916.0003
Vakhrameev, V. A. (1991). Jurassic and Cretaceous Floras and Climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press.
van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., Pott, C., Cleal, C. J., & Zijlstra, G. (2017). Differentiation of the fossil leaves assigned to Taeniopteris, Nilssoniopteris and Nilssonia with a comparison to similar genera. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 237, 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.11.009
van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., Pott, C., Kustatscher, E., van der Burgh, J., Schmeißner, S., & Dütsch, G. (2019). A shoot with attached leaves of Desmiophyllum harrisii Barbacka et Pacyna from the Rhaetian of Bavaria, Germany. PalZ, 93(3), 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-019-00474-x
van Waveren, I. M., Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J. H. A., van den Burgh, J., & Dilcher, D. L. (2002). Macrofloral remains from the Lower Cretaceous of the Leiva region (Colombia). Scripta Geologica, 123, 1–39.
Vera, E. I. (2010). Estudios anatómicos en paleofloras del Aptiano de Antártida y Patagonia y su comparación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales.
Vera, E. I. (2011). Livingstonites Gabrielaegen. et sp. nov., Permineralized Moss (Bryophyta: Bryopsida) from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation of Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Ameghiniana, 48(1), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.v48i1(477)
Von Der Osten, E. (1957). Lower Cretaceous Barranquin Formation of northeastern Venezuela. AAPG Bulletin, 41(4), 679–708.
Watson, J. (1988). The cheirolepidiaceae. Origin and evolution of gymnosperms, 382–447.
Watson, J., & Alvin, K. L. (1999). The cheirolepidiaceous conifers Frenelopsis occidentalis Heer and Watsoniocladus valdensis (Seward) in the Wealden of Germany. Cretaceous Research, 20(3), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1999.0152
Watson, J., Henderson, C. M. B., Cusack, H. A., & Drury, S. J. (2004). Cycadales of the English Wealden. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society, 158(622), 1–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/25761900.2022.12131802
Yang, X., Liu, F., & Cheng, Y. (2018). A new tree fern stem, Tempskya zhangii sp. nov. (Tempskyaceae) from the Cretaceous of Northeast China. Cretaceous Research, 84, 188–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.016
Zeiller, R. (1914). Sur quelques plantes Wealdiennes recueillies au Pérou par M. le Capitaine Berthon. Revue Générale de Botanique, 25, 647–674.
Zijlstra, G., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., & Cleal, C. J. (2016). (2438–2439) Proposal to conserve the names Taeniopteris and T. vittata with a conserved type (fossil Tracheophyta: ‘Taeniopterides’). TAXON, 65(2), 399–400. https://doi.org/10.12705/652.30
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 168 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.country.none.fl_str_mv Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biología
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85645/1/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85645/2/Paleodiversidad%20de%20la%20flora%20f%c3%b3sil%20de%20la%20Formaci%c3%b3n%20La%20Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85645/3/Paleodiversidad%20de%20la%20flora%20f%c3%b3sil%20de%20la%20Formaci%c3%b3n%20La%20Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a
ae811e9e4836e9ecd57783de379fa2da
ca3557da23f1f09221be4919bf5ad957
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1814089893352046592
spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Herrera, Fabiany05005810161acdb1897d5f123260c850Lowy, Petter3cf76fc5b6342e804f97edcf182814e0Palma Castro, Héctor Daniel1ad7c8cca4c05964b4231164c1cb0bad600Grupo de Investigación en Paleobiología e Historia Natural (GIPHiN)Palma-Castro Héctor D. [0000000161265545]PALMA-CASTRO, HÉCTOR DANIEL [0001705304]Palma-Castro Héctor Daniel [Hector-Palma-Castro]Palma-Castro Hector Daniel [zIvZwGkAAAAJ&hl]2024-02-07T14:33:57Z2024-02-07T14:33:57Z2024-02https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85645Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasEsta investigación busca aportar al conocimiento de la flora de la Formación La Paja del Barremiano – Aptiano (Cretácico Inferior) de Colombia, mediante la revisión y análisis de fósiles de plantas presentes en colecciones científicas y en colectas de campo. Siendo el objetivo principal presentar una visión actualizada de la composición florística de la Formación La Paja. Se revisaron colecciones históricas, como la del Padre Gustavo Huertas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en Bogotá, y colecciones ubicadas en la región de Villa de Leyva y otras partes del país. Aproximadamente trescientos fósiles fueron analizados, estos se clasificaron en 45 morfotipos, dividiéndolos en 5 morfotipos de hojas, 9 de ramas foliares, 1 fronda de helecho, 25 morfotipos de órganos reproductivos y 5 de maderas fósiles. Respecto a los grupos de plantas que estos morfotipos representan, se encontró una dominancia de coníferas, y en menor número Bennettitales, Cycadales, Pteridophyta, y material indeterminado. Se reporta la posible presencia de Pentoxylales y Gnetales para el Cretácico de Colombia y el norte de Sudamérica. Además de técnicas tradicionales de observación de fósiles, se utilizaron nuevas tecnologías como la microtomografía de rayos-x en un espécimen, demostrando el potencial de este tipo de análisis en fósiles de la Formación La Paja. Aunque existe incertidumbre sobre la afinidad y relaciones filogenéticas de varios de los especímenes analizados en esta investigación, se considera que la combinación de técnicas modernas y clásicas permitirá evaluar esta flora y ver su relación con floras de edad similar en el mundo durante el Cretácico Temprano. Este trabajo se puede considerar como un punto de partida para nuevas investigaciones relacionadas con la flora del Cretácico Temprano del norte de Sudamérica, y principalmente con la flora de la Formación La Paja. (Texto tomado de la fuente)This research aims to contribute to the understanding of the La Paja Formation flora within the Barremian – Aptian stages of the Lower Cretaceous in Colombia. This study involves a comprehensive review and analysis of fossil plants from historical collections and recently collected specimens. The primary objective is to present an updated perspective on the floristic composition of the La Paja Formation. Historical collections, such as the Father Gustavo Huertas’ housed at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá, as well as collections from the Villa de Leyva region and other parts of Colombia, were examined to gather data. Approximately three hundred fossils were analysed, and classified into 45 morphotypes, which were further divided into 5 leaf morphotypes, 9 leafy branch morphotypes, 1 fern frond, 25 reproductive organ morphotypes, and 5 fossil stem morphotypes. These findings reveal a dominance of conifers, with a lesser number of Bennettitales, Cycadales, Pteridophyte, and indeterminate material. Moreover, the potential presence of Pentoxylales and Gnetales during the Lower Cretaceous in Colombia. In addition to traditional fossil observation techniques, innovative techniques, such as X-ray microtomography, were employed in a specimen, supporting its potential for analysis within the La Paja Formation fossils. Although there is uncertainty regarding the affinity and phylogenetic relationships of some of the analyzed fossils in this research, the combination of modern and classical techniques is expected to allow a comprehensive evaluation of this flora and its relation to similar-aged floras worldwide during the Early Cretaceous. This study can be regarded as a starting point for future investigations concerning the Early Cretaceous flora of northern South America, particularly focusing on the flora of the La Paja Formation.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - BiologíaPaleobotánica168 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - BiologíaFacultad de CienciasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá560 - Paleontología::561 - PaleobotánicaFósiles vegetalesVegetal fossilsBotanyPlant biologyBotánicaPaleobotánicaFormación La PajaCretácico InferiorColombiaPaleobotanyLa Paja FormationLower CretaceousColombiaPaleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja, Cretácico Inferior de ColombiaPalaeodiversity of the fossil flora from the La Paja Formation, Lower Cretaceous of ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMColombiaAndruchow‐Colombo, A., Escapa, I. H., Cúneo, N. R., & Gandolfo, M. A. (2018). Araucaria lefipanensis (Araucariaceae), a new species with dimorphic leaves from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. American Journal of Botany, 105(6), 1067–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1113Archangelsky, S. (1976). Vegetales fósiles de la Formación Springhill, Cretácico, en el subsuelo de la Cuenca Magallánica, Chile. Ameghiniana, 13.Archangelsky, S., Barreda, V., Passalia, M. G., Gandolfo, M., Prámparo, M., Romero, E., Cúneo, R., Zamuner, A., Iglesias, A., Llorens, M., Puebla, G. G., Quattrocchio, M., & Volkheimer, W. (2009). Early angiosperm diversification: evidence from southern South America. Cretaceous Research, 30(5), 1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2009.03.001Batista, M. E. P., Martine, A. M., Saraiva, A. Á. F., Lima, F. J. de, Barros, O. A., Sá, A. A. A., & Loiola, M. I. B. (2021). Brachyphyllum: State of the art and new data regarding B. obesum, the most representative fossil plant in the Araripe Basin, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103405Bernardes-De-Oliveira, M. E. C., Sucerquia, P. A., Mohr, B., Dino, R., Antonioli, L., & Garcia, M. J. (2014). Indicadores paleoclimáticos na paleoflora do Crato, final do Aptiano do Gondwana Norocidental. Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida—Paleoclimas, 5, 99–118.Berry, E. W. (1922). Contributions to the Paleobotany of Peru, Bolivia and Chile: Five Papers (Números 15–19). John Hopkins Press.Berry, E. W. (1937). On the presence of the fern Weichselia in Colombia, South America. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 27(11), 458–461. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24529342Berry, E. W. (1939). The fossil plants from Huallanca, Peru. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Geology, 13, 73–93.Berry, E. W. (1945). The Weichselia Stage in the Andean geosyncline. Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies Geol., 14, 151–169.Biswas, C., & Johri, B. M. (1997). The Gymnosperms. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0Blakey, R. C. (2008). Gondwana paleogeography from assembly to breakup—A 500 my odyssey. En C. R. Fielding, T. D. Frank, & J. L. Isbell (Eds.), Geological Society of America Special Papers (Vol. 441, pp. 1–28). Geological Society of America.Blanco‐Moreno, C., Decombeix, A., & Prestianni, C. (2021). New insights into the affinities, autoecology, and habit of the Mesozoic fern Weichselia reticulata based on the revision of stems from Bernissart (Mons Basin, Belgium). Papers in Palaeontology, 7(3), 1351–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1344Blanco-Moreno, C., Gomez, B., & Buscalioni, Á. (2018). Palaeobiogeographic and metric analysis of the Mesozoic fern Weichselia. Geobios, 51(6), 571–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2018.05.001Blanco-Moreno, C., Gomez, B., Marugán-Lobón, J., Daviero-Gomez, V., & Buscalioni, Á. D. (2019). A novel approach for the metric analysis of fern fronds: Growth and architecture of the Mesozoic fern Weichselia reticulata in the light of modern ferns. PLOS ONE, 14(6), e0219192. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219192Boinet, T. (1985). La Frontière méridionale de la plaque Caraibe aux confins colombo-vénézuéliens (Norte de Santander, Colombie): données géologiques. Université Paris VI.Bürgl, H. (1954). El Cretáceo inferior en los alrededores de Villa de Leiva (Boyacá). Boletín Geológico, 2(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol2.1.1954.310Bürgl, H. (1957). Bioestratigrafía de la sabana de Bogotá y sus alrededores. Boletín Geológico, 5(2), 113–185. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol5.2.1957.290Bürgl, H. (1958). El Jurásico e Infracretaceo del rio Batá, Boyacá. Boletín Geológico, 6(1–3), 164–223. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol6.1-3.1958.328Bürgl, H. (1964). El “Jura-Triásico” de Colombia. Boletín Geológico, 12(1–3), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol12.1-3.1964.266Cantrill, D. J. (1992). Araucarian Foliage from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern Victoria, Australia. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 153(4), 622–645. https://doi.org/10.1086/297084Cantrill, D. J., & Falcon-Lang, H. J. (2001). Cretaceous (Late Albian) coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 2. Leaves, reproductive structures and roots. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 115(3–4), 119–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00053-7Cantrill, D. J., & Nagalingum, N. S. (2005). Ferns from the Cretaceous of Alexander Island, Antarctica: Implications for Cretaceous phytogeography of the Southern Hemisphere. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 137(3–4), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.08.004Carrizo, M. A., & Del Fueyo, G. M. (2015). The Early Cretaceous megaflora of the Springhill Formation, Patagonia. Paleofloristic and Paleonvironmental inferences. Cretaceous Research, 56, 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.03.006Carruthers, W. (1870). XVIII. On Fossil Cycadean Stems from the Secondary Rocks of Britain. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 26(4), 675–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1870.tb00201.xCésari, S. N., Parica, C. A., Remesal, M. B., & Salani, F. M. (1998). First evidence of Pentoxylales in Antarctica. Cretaceous Research, 19(6), 733–743. https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1998.0128Coiro, M., Martínez, L. C. A., Upchurch, G. R., & Doyle, J. A. (2020). Evidence for an extinct lineage of angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous of Patagonia and implications for the early radiation of flowering plants. New Phytologist, 228(1), 344–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16657Coiro, M., Roberts, E. A., Hofmann, C.-Ch., & Seyfullah, L. J. (2022). Cutting the long branches: Consilience as a path to unearth the evolutionary history of Gnetales. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.1082639Crane, P. R., & Lidgard, S. (1989). Angiosperm Diversification and Paleolatitudinal Gradients in Cretaceous Floristic Diversity. Science, 246(4930), 675–678. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.246.4930.675Del Fueyo, G. M. (2007). Biodiversidad de las paleofloras de Patagonia austral durante el Cretácico Inferior. Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, 11(1).Del Fueyo, G. M., Archangelsky, S., Llorens, M., & Cúneo, R. (2008). Coniferous Ovulate Cones from the Lower Cretaceous of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 169(6), 799–813. https://doi.org/10.1086/533608Edwards, W. N. (1933). On the Cretaceous fern Paradoxopteris and its connexion with Weichselia. Annals of Botany, 47(186), 317–341.El Atfy, H., Jasper, A., & Uhl, D. (2020). A new record of Paradoxopteris stromeri Hirmer 1927 (Monilophyta, incertae sedis) from the Cenomanian of Sinai, Egypt. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 273, 104148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104148Escapa, Cúneo, Rothwell, & Stockey. (2013). Pararaucaria delfueyoi sp. nov. from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation, Chubut, Argentina: Insights into the Evolution of the Cheirolepidiaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 174(3), 458–470. https://doi.org/10.1086/668612Escapa, & Leslie. (2017). A new cheirolepidiaceae (Coniferales) from the early jurassic of patagonia (argentina): Reconciling the records of impression and permineralized fossils. American Journal of Botany, 104(2), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600321Escapa, Rothwell, Stockey, & Cúneo. (2012). Seed cone anatomy of Cheirolepidiaceae (Coniferales): Reinterpreting Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland. American Journal of Botany, 99(6), 1058–1068. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100544Etayo-Serna, F. (1968). Sinopsis estratigráfica de la región de Villa de Leiva y zonas próximas. Boletín de Geología, 21, 19–32. https://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistaboletindegeologia/article/view/7041Etayo-Serna, F. (1979). Zonation of the Cretaceous of central Colombia by Ammonites: Bogotá. Colombia, INGEOMINAS, Publicación Especial, 2, 186.Etayo-Serna, F. (1985a). Documentación paleontológica del infracretacico de San Felix y Valle Alto, Cordillera Central. En F. Etayo-Serna & F. Laverde Montaño (Eds.), Proyecto Cretácico (Vol. 16, p. XXV(1)-XXV(7)). Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS.Etayo-Serna, F. (1985b). Paleontologia estratigrafica del sistema cretacico en la sierra nevada del cocuy. En F. Etayo-Serna & F. Laverde Montaño (Eds.), Proyecto Cretácico, Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS (Vol. 16, p. XV(1)-XV(46)). Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS.Ettingshausen, C. von. (1888). Contributions to the Tertiary flora of Australia. Geol. Surv. New South Wales, Mem., Paleontol.Fabre, A. (1985). Dinámica de la sedimentación cretácica en la región de Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (Cordillera Oriental de Colombia). En F. Etayo-Serna & F. Laverde Montaño (Eds.), Proyecto Cretácico (Vol. 16, p. XIX(1)-XIX(20)). Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales del INGEOMINAS.Falcon-Lang, H. J., & Cantrill, D. J. (2000). Cretaceous (Late Albian) coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 1: Wood taxonomy: a quantitative approach. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 111(1–2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00012-9Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Farjon, A. (2010). A Handbook of the World’s Conifers (Vol. 1). BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047430629Farjon, A. (2018). The Kew Review: Conifers of the World. Kew Bulletin, 73(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-018-9738-5Feistmantel, O. (1877). Jurassic (Liassic) flora of the Rajmahal Group in the Rajmahal Hills: Memoirs of the Geological Society of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Series II, 53–162.Ferguson, D. K. (2005). Plant taphonomy: Ruminations on the past, the present, and the future. En Palaios (Vol. 20, Número 5, pp. 418–428). SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology. https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2005.P05-25pFöllmi, K. B. (2012). Early Cretaceous life, climate and anoxia. Cretaceous Research, 35, 230–257.Forero, H., & Sarmiento L. (1985). Las facies evaporítica de la Formación Paja en la región de Villa de Leyva. EtayoSerna-Serna F. & Laverde, F. Proyecto Cretácico. Publ. Geol. Esp. 16., 1–16.Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., & Pedersen, K. R. (2011). Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980206Galtier, J., Phillips, T. L., Jones, T. P., & Rowe, N. P. (1999). The acetate peel technique. En T. P. Jones & N. P. Rowe (Eds.), Fossil plants and spores: Modern techniques (pp. 67–70). Geological Society of London.Gaona-Narváez, T. (2015). El Cretácico sedimentario al este de la Falla de San Jerónimo: Compilación para el Mapa Geológico de Colombia. En J. Gómez-Tapia & M. F. Almanza-Meléndez (Eds.), Compilando la geología de Colombia: Una visión a 2015. Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales 33 (Vol. 33, pp. 421–429).Gaona-Narvaez, T., Maurrasse, F. J.-M., & Etayo-Serna, F. (2013). Geochemistry, palaeoenvironments and timing of Aptian organic-rich beds of the Paja Formation (Curit\’\i, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 382(1), 31–48.Gastaldo, R. A., Pfefferkorn, H. W., & DiMichele, W. A. (1995). Taphonomic and sedimentologic characterization of roof-shale floras. En Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America. Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM185-p341González, H., Lemoigne, I., & Martínez, J. O. (1977). Flora de la formación Valle Alto-Jurásico-en la cordillera central de Colombia. Boletin de Ciencias de la Tierra, 2, 107–122.Guerrero, J. (2002). A proposal on the classification of systems tracts: application to the allostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Cretaceous Colombian Basin. Part 2: Barremian to Maastrichtian. Geología Colombiana, 27, 27–49.Gupta, S. Sen. (1986). On Taeniopteris crassinervis (Feistmantel) Walkom from Rajmahal hill, Bihar, India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 49(3–4), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(86)90027-8Harris. (1962). The Occurrence of the Fructification Carnoconites in New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Geology, 1(4), 17–27.Harris, T. M. (1944). A revision of Williamsoniella. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 231(583), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1944.0001Harris, T. M. (1964). The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora. II. Caytoniales, Cycadales & Pteridosperms. British Museum (Natural History).Harris, T. M. (1979). The Yorkshire Jurassic flora V coniferales. Trustees of the British Museum.Heer, O. (1878). Beitrage zur fossilen Flora Sibiriens und des Amurlandes. Memoires de I’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg, 1–58.Hermsen, E. J. (2021). Review of the Fossil Record of Passiflora, with a Description of New Seeds from the Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 182(6), 533–550. https://doi.org/10.1086/714282Hernández-Orúe, A. (2016). El nombre de las hojas de las Coníferas del Mesozoico. Asociación Paleontológica Alcarreña NAUTILUS, 8, 23–28.Herrera, F., Hotton, C. L., Smith, S. Y., Lopera, P. A., Neander, A. I., Wittry, J., Zheng, Y., Heck, P. R., Crane, P. R., & D’Antonio, M. P. (2023). Investigating Mazon Creek fossil plants using computed tomography and microphotography. Frontiers in Earth Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1200976Herrera, F., Leslie, A. B., Shi, G., Knopf, P., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., Crane, P. R., & Herendeen, P. S. (2016). New fossil Pinaceae from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia. Botany, 94(9), 885–915. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0042Herrera, F., Shi, G., Knopf, P., Leslie, A. B., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., Crane, P. R., & Herendeen, P. S. (2017). Cupressaceae Conifers from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 178(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.1086/689577Herrera, F., Shi, G., Mays, C., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., Bevitt, J. J., Herendeen, P. S., & Crane, P. R. (2020). Reconstructing Krassilovia mongolica supports recognition of a new and unusual group of Mesozoic conifers. PLOS ONE, 15(1), e0226779. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226779Herrera, F., Testo, W. L., Field, A. R., Clark, E. G., Herendeen, P. S., Crane, P. R., & Shi, G. (2022). A permineralized Early Cretaceous lycopsid from China and the evolution of crown clubmosses. New Phytologist, 233(5), 2310–2322. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17874Hirmer, M. (1927). Handbuch der Paläobotanik. Band I. Thallophyta-Bryophyta-Pteridophyta. Zeitschrift für Induktive Abstammungs-und Vererbungslehre, 49, 339–344.Howe, J., & Cantrill, D. J. (2001). Palaeoecology and taxonomy of Pentoxylales from the Albian of Antarctica. Cretaceous Research, 22(6), 779–793. https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.2001.0286Hubach, E. (1945). La Formación’Cáqueza’, región de Cáqueza (oriente de Cundinamarca). Comp. Estud. Geol. Ofic. Colombia, VI, 23–26.Huber, B. T., & O’Brien, C. L. (2021). Cretaceous Climate. En Encyclopedia of Geology (pp. 497–503). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12068-8Huertas, G. (1967). Sertum florulae fossilis Villae de Leivae. Caldasia, 59–75.Huertas, G. (1970). Sertum florulae fossilis Villae de Leiva II. Caldasia, 595–602.Huertas, G. (1976). Sertum florulae fossilis Villae de Leiva. Caldasia, 11(54), 17–23.Huertas, G. (2003). Flora Fósil de Villa de Leyva y sus alrededores. Camargo Editores.Hunter, A. W., & Donovan, S. K. (2005). Field sampling bias, museum collections and completeness of the fossil record. Lethaia, 38(4), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00241160500289559Ickert-Bond, S. M., & Renner, S. S. (2016). The Gnetales: Recent insights on their morphology, reproductive biology, chromosome numbers, biogeography, and divergence times. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12190IUGS. (2022, septiembre 16). Marine Reptile Lagerstätte from the Lower Cretaceous of the Ricaurte Alto - IUGS. International Commission on Geoheritage. https://iugs-geoheritage.org/geoheritage_sites/marine-reptile-lagerstatte-from-the-lower-cretaceous-of-the-ricaurte-alto/Jaramillo, C. (2019). 140 Million Years of Tropical Biome Evolution. En The Geology of Colombia: Vol. Volume 2 Mesozoic. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.06Jaramillo, C. (2023). The evolution of extant South American tropical biomes. New Phytologist, 239(2), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18931Jaramillo, C., & Cárdenas, A. (2013). Global Warming and Neotropical Rainforests: A Historical Perspective. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41(1), 741–766. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105403Jin, P., Zhang, M., Du, B., Li, A., & Sun, B. (2023). A new species of Pararaucaria from the Lower Cretaceous of Shandong province (Eastern China): Insights into the evolution of the Cheirolepidiaceae cone. Cretaceous Research, 146, 105475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105475Julivert, M. (1968). Lexique Stratigraphique International Amérique Latine: Colombie, v. 5, fascicule 4. Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Julivert, M., Barrero, D., & Navas, J. (1964). Geología de la mesa de Los Santos. Boletín de Geología, 18, 5–11.Knowlton, F. H. (1911). Description of Two New Fossil Figs from Wyoming and Montana. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 38(8), 389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2479216Krasser, F. (1921). Die von Ing. Karl Mandl (Wien) bei Nikolsk-Ussurijsk entdeckten Jurapflanzen hat folgenden Inhalt. Kgl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss. Kl. Anz, 58, 219–222.Kunzmann, L. (2007). Araucariaceae (Pinopsida): Aspects in palaeobiogeography and palaeobiodiversity in the Mesozoic. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 246(4), 257–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2007.08.001Kunzmann, L., Coiffard, C., Assis de Oliveira Westerkamp, A. P., Batista, M. E. P., Uhl, D., Solórzano-Kraemer, M. M., Mendes, M., do Nascimento, D. R., Iannuzzi, R., & da Silva Filho, W. F. (2021). Crato Flora: A 115-Million-Year-Old Window into the Cretaceous World of Brazil. En Brazilian Paleofloras (pp. 1–40). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90913-4_27-1Kunzmann, L., Mohr, B. A. R., & Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M. E. C. (2004). Gymnosperms from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil). I. Araucariaceae and Lindleycladus (incertae sedis). Fossil Record, 7(1), 155–174.Kvaček, J. (2003). Foliage of a broad leaved conifer Dammarophyllum from the Cenomanian of Bohemia. Časopis Národn\’\iho muzea, Řada př\’\irodovědná, 172(1–4), 13–20.Kvaček, J., & Lobitzer, H. (2010). First records of Dammarites albens Presl in Sternberg (Pinopsida?) from the Cretaceous of Austria. Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, 179(12), 131–137.Labandeira, C. C., Wilf, P., Johnson, K. R., & Marsh, F. (2007). Guide to Insect (and other) Damage Types on Compressed Plant Fossils. Version 3.0. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16571441.v1Lemoigne, Y. (1984). Données nouvelles sur la paléoflore de Colombie. En Geobios (Vol. 17, Número 6, pp. 667–707). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(84)80115-1Li, A.-J., Lei, X., Ma, G., Hui, J., Zhang, J., Jin, P., & Du, B. (2021). Fossil Pagiophyllum from the Lower Cretaceous of Jiuquan Basin, Gansu Province, and its palaeoenvironmental implications. Geological Journal, 56(11), 5387–5403. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4247Li, Y.-F., Sun, C.-L., Wang, H., Dilcher, D. L., Tan, X., Li, T., & Na, Y.-L. (2018). First record of Eretmophyllum (Ginkgoales) with well-preserved cuticle from the Middle Jurassic of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Palaeoworld, 27(2), 188–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2017.09.002Lima, F. J., Saraiva, A. Á. F., & Sayão, J. M. (2012). Revisão da Paleoflora das Formações Missão Velha, Crato e Romualdo, Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. Estudos Geológicos, 22(1), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.18190/1980-8208/estudosgeologicos.v22n1p99-115Lipps, T. (1938). Estudios geologicos y paleontologicos Cordillera oriental Colombia. Parte 3 (pp. 137–155).Magallón, S., & Castillo, A. (2009). Angiosperm diversification through time. American Journal of Botany, 96(1), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.3732/AJB.0800060Mantilla-Figueroa, L. C., Cruz, L. E., & Colegial, J. D. (2003). Introducción a la geología del sector Vélez–Bolívar–Guavatá (dpto. De santander, colombia) y su importancia para la exploración de depósitos hidrotermales. Boletín de Geología, 25(40), 39–57.Martínez, C. (2017). Passifloraceae seeds from the late Eocene of Colombia. American Journal of Botany, 104(12), 1857–1866. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700224Martínez, L. C. A., Artabe, A. E. E., & Bodnar, J. (2012). A new cycad stem from the Cretaceous in Argentina and its phylogenetic relationships with other Cycadales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 170(3), 436–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01300.xMartínez, L. C. A., & Olivo, M. S. (2015). Tempskya in the Valanginian of South America (Mulichinco Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina) — Systematics, palaeoclimatology and palaeoecology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 219, 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.04.002Martínez, L. C. A., Pacheco Huacallo, E., Pujana, R. R., & Padula, H. (2020). A new megaflora (leaves and reproductive structures) from the Huancané Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Peru. Cretaceous Research, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104426McLoughlin, S. (2001). The breakup history of Gondwana and its impact on pre-Cenozoic floristic provincialism. En Australian Journal of Botany (Vol. 49, Número 3, pp. 271–300). https://doi.org/10.1071/BT00023Menéndez, C. A. (1951). La flora mesozoica de la Formación Llantenes (provincia de Mendoza). Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencias Naturales (Botánica), 2, 147–261.Meyen, S. (1987). Fundamentals of palaeobotany. Chapman and Hall.Miller, I. M., & Hickey, L. J. (2010). The Fossil Flora of the Winthrop Formation (Albian-Early Cretaceous) of Washington State, USA. Part II: Pinophytina. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 51(1), 3–96. https://doi.org/10.3374/014.051.0104Mohr, B. A. R., Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M. E. C., & Loveridge, R. F. (2007). The macrophyte flora of the Crato Formation. En Martill DM, Bechly G, & Loveridge RF (Eds.), The Crato fossil beds of Brazil: window into an ancient world (pp. 537–565). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535512.020Monje-Dussán, C., Martínez, C., Escapa, I., & Madriñán, S. (2016). Nuevos Registros De Helechos Y Coníferas Del Cretácico Inferior En La Cuenca Del Valle Superior Del Magdalena, Colombia. Revista Boletín de Geología, 38(4), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v38n4-2016002Montoya Arenas, D. (2019). Formación La Paja: descripción de la sección tipo. Influencia de los tapices microbiales en su génesis. En Estudios geológicos y paleontológicos sobre el Cretácico en la región del embalse del río Sogamoso, Valle Medio del Magdalena. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32685/9789585231788-2Morales, L. G., Tanner, H. H., Jones, S. H., Barker, M. H. S., O’Donoghue, D. J., Mohler, C. E., Dubois, E. P., Jacobs, C., & Goss, C. R. (1958). General Geology and Oil Occurrences of Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. En Habitat of Oil. American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Moreno-Sánchez, M. (1994). La paleoflora del Cretácico Inferior de las regiones de San Antonio y Aipe (Huila). En Estudios Geológicos del Valle Superior del Magdalena (pp. XIV--1-- XIV--12).Moreno-Sánchez, M., Gómez-Cruz, A. de J., & Castillo-González, H. (2007). Frenelopsis y Pseudofrenelopsis (Coniferales: Cheirolepidiaceae) en el Cretácico Temprano de Colombia. Boletín de Geología, 29(2), 13–19.Moreno-Sánchez, M., Gómez-Cruz, A. de J., & Toro, L. M. (2008). Proveniencia del material clástico del Complejo Quebradagrande y su relación con los complejos estructurales adyacentes. Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, 22, 27–38.Mussa, D., Carvalho, I. S., Corrêa-Martins, F. J., & Zuccoloto, M. E. (2000). Paradoxopteris Hirmer 1927, o caule de Weicheselia Stiehler 1857, presente no Cretáceo da Bacia de São Lu\’\is, Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Revista da Universidade de Guarulhos, 5(6), 60–70.Nagalingum, N. S., & Cantrill, D. J. (2006). Early Cretaceous Gleicheniaceae and Matoniaceae (Gleicheniales) from Alexander Island, Antarctica. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 138(2), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.11.001Nelson, H. W. (1957). Contribution to the geology of the Central and Western Cordillera of Colombia in the sector between Ibagué and Cali. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 22(1), 1–75.Neumann, R. (1907). Beiträge zur kenntnis der kreideformation in mittel-perúu. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie24, 24, 61–132.O’Brien, C. L., Robinson, S. A., Pancost, R. D., Damsté, J. S. S., Schouten, S., Lunt, D. J., Alsenz, H., Bornemann, A., Bottini, C., Brassell, S. C., & others. (2017). Cretaceous sea-surface temperature evolution: Constraints from TEX86 and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes. Earth-Science Reviews, 172, 224–247.Oldham, T., & Morris, J. (1863). Fossil flora of the Rajmahal Series in the Rajmahal Hills. Memoirs of the Geological Society of India Palaeontologia Indica, Series II, 1, 1–52.Palma-Castro, H., & Bustos-Sotelo, J. A. (2023). Flora fósil del Aptiano Superior de la Formación La Paja, sección los Guayabos, Vélez Santander (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Memorias del XI Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología-Simposio Paleobotánica y Palinología, 90–92.Palma-Castro, H., Cómbita-Romero, D., Cadena, E.-A., Carvalho, M., & Herrera, F. (2023). An Early Cretaceous Sphenophyllum or a hatchling turtle? Palaeontologia Electronica. https://doi.org/10.26879/1306Panti, C., Pujana, R. R., ZamaloaMarí, M. C., & Romero, E. J. (2012). Araucariaceae macrofossil record from South America and Antarctica. Alcheringa, 36(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2011.564562Passalia, M. G. (2007). A mid-Cretaceous flora from the Kachaike Formation, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 28(5), 830–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.12.006Patarroyo, P. (1997). Barremiano Inferior en la Base de la Formación Paja, Barichara, Santander - Colombia. Geología Colombiana, 22, 135–138. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/geocol/article/view/31451Patarroyo, P. (2000). Distribución de amonitas del Barremiano de la Formación Paja en el sector de Villa de Leyva (Boyacá, Colombia). Bioestratigraf\’\ia. Geología Colombiana, 25, 149–162.Patarroyo, P. (2009). High energy level ammonites of the Paja Formation early Barremian in the Villa de Leyva (Boyacá) and Vélez (Santander) areas - Colombia. Boletin de Geología, 31(2), 15–21.Pessoa, E. M., Ribeiro, A. C., Christenhusz, M. J. M., Coan, A. I., & Jud, N. A. (2023). Is Santaniella a ranunculid? Reassessment of this enigmatic fossil angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian, Crato Konservat‐Lagerstätte, Brazil) provides a new interpretation. American Journal of Botany, 110(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16163Pons, D. (1988). Le Mésozolque de Colombie, Macroflores et microflores. Cahiers de Paléontologie, Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris., 168.Pott, C., Kerp, H., & Krings, M. (2007). Morphology and epidermal anatomy of Nilssonia (cycadalean foliage) from the Upper Triassic of Lunz (Lower Austria). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143(3–4), 197–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.07.007Pott, C., Krings, M., & Kerp, H. (2007). First record of Nilssoniopteris (Gymnospermophyta, Bennettitales) from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Lunz, Lower Austria. Palaeontology, 50(5), 1299–1318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00704.xPuente-Arauzo, E., Sender, L. M., Villanueva-Amadoz, U., Diez, J. B., & Torcida Fernández-Baldor, F. (2014). Nuevos registros del género Tempskya Corda, 1845 (Pteridophyta) en depósitos del Hauteriviense Superior-Barremiense Inferior del norte de España. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 66(1), 123–134.Quiroz Cabascango, D. E. (2021). Paleobotany and stratigraphy of the lower aptian to middle albian in the central sub-andean zone of Ecuador. Universidad de Investigación de Tecnolog\’\ia Experimental Yachay.Ribeiro, A. C., Ribeiro, G. C., Varejão, F. G., Battirola, L. D., Pessoa, E. M., Sim\~oes, M. G., Warren, L. V., Riccomini, C., & Poyato-Ariza, F. J. (2021). Towards an actualistic view of the Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte paleoenvironment: a new hypothesis as an Early Cretaceous (Aptian) equatorial and semi-arid wetland. Earth-Science Reviews, 216, 103573.Rodríguez, E., & Ulloa, C. (1994a). Geologia de la Plancha 169-Puerto Boyaca. Escala 1: 100.000. Memoria resumida, INGEOMINAS.Rodríguez, E., & Ulloa, C. (1994b). Geologia de la Plancha 189-La Palma. Escala 1: 100.000. Memoria resumida, INGEOMINAS.Rothwell, G. W., Crepet, W. L., & Stockey, R. A. (2009). Is the anthophyte hypothesis alive and well? New evidence from the reproductive structures of Bennettitales. American Journal of Botany, 96(1), 296–322. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0800209Rothwell, G. W., Stockey, R. A., Stevenson, D. W., & Zumajo-Cardona, C. (2022). Large Permineralized Seeds in the Jurassic of Haida Gwaii, Western Canada: Exploring the Mode and Tempo of Cycad Evolution. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 183(8), 674–690. https://doi.org/10.1086/721710Royo y Gómez, J. (1945). Fósiles Carboníferos e Infracretácicos del Oriente de Cundinamarca. Compilación de Estudios Geológicos Oficiales en Colombia, VI, 193 – 246.Sahni, B. (1948). The Pentoxyleae: A New Group of Jurassic Gymnosperms from the Rajmahal Hills of India. Botanical Gazette, 110(1), 47–80. https://doi.org/10.1086/335517Salfeld, H. (1911). Fossilien Pflanzen aus der obersten Jura bzw, Unteren Kreide von Peru–in Hauthal, Reisen in Peru und Bolivien. En Reisen in Peru und Bolivien (pp. 211–217).Sarmiento-Rojas, L. F., Van Wess, J. D., & Cloetingh, S. (2006). Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21(4), 383–411.Schlagintweit, O. (1919). Weichselia mantelli im nordöstlichen Venezuela. Cbl. Miner. Geol. Paläont, 1919, 315–319.Schoemaker, R. E. (1982). Fossil leaves from the lower Cretaceous Ciano formation, southwestern Ecuador. Palaeontographic, 180, 120–132.Schulz, C., Knopf, P., & Stützel, Th. (2005). Identification key to the Cypress family (Cupressaceae). Feddes Repertorium, 116(1–2), 96–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.200411062Schulz, C., & Stützel, T. (2007). Evolution of taxodiaceous Cupressaceae (Coniferopsida). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 7(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2006.03.001Seward A. C. (1919). Fossil plants; a text-book for students of botany and geology, (Vol. 4). Cambridge,Cambridge University Press,.Shi, G., Herrera, F., Herendeen, P. S., Leslie, A. B., Ichinnorov, N., Takahashi, M., & Crane, P. R. (2018). Leaves of Podozamites and Pseudotorellia from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia: stomatal patterns and implications for relationships. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 16(2), 111–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1274343Steart, D. C., Spencer, A. R. T., Garwood, R. J., Hilton, J., Munt, M. C., Needham, J., & Kenrick, P. (2014). X-ray Synchrotron Microtomography of a silicified Jurassic Cheirolepidiaceae (Conifer) cone: histology and morphology of Pararaucaria collinsonae sp. nov. PeerJ, 2, e624. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.624Stockey, R. A. (1981). Pityostrobus mcmurrayensis sp.nov., a permineralized pinaceous cone from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany, 59(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-013Stockey, R. A., & Rothwell, G. W. (2003). Anatomically Preserved Williamsonia (Williamsoniaceae): Evidence for Bennettitalean Reproduction in the Late Cretaceous of Western North America. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164(2), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1086/346166Sucerquia, P. A. (2013). Taxonomia, modos de preservação e fitogeografia de coníferas aptianas da região paleoequatorial da América do Sul. PhD diss. Universidade de São Paulo.Sutton, M. D. (2008). Tomographic techniques for the study of exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1643), 1587–1593. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0263Taylor, E. L., Taylor, T. N., & Krings, M. (2009). Paleobotany: the biology and evolution of fossil plants. Academic Press.Thomas, H. G. (1916). III. On williamsoniella, a new type of bennettitalean flower. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 207(335–347), 113–148. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1916.0003Vakhrameev, V. A. (1991). Jurassic and Cretaceous Floras and Climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press.van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., Pott, C., Cleal, C. J., & Zijlstra, G. (2017). Differentiation of the fossil leaves assigned to Taeniopteris, Nilssoniopteris and Nilssonia with a comparison to similar genera. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 237, 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.11.009van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., Pott, C., Kustatscher, E., van der Burgh, J., Schmeißner, S., & Dütsch, G. (2019). A shoot with attached leaves of Desmiophyllum harrisii Barbacka et Pacyna from the Rhaetian of Bavaria, Germany. PalZ, 93(3), 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-019-00474-xvan Waveren, I. M., Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J. H. A., van den Burgh, J., & Dilcher, D. L. (2002). Macrofloral remains from the Lower Cretaceous of the Leiva region (Colombia). Scripta Geologica, 123, 1–39.Vera, E. I. (2010). Estudios anatómicos en paleofloras del Aptiano de Antártida y Patagonia y su comparación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales.Vera, E. I. (2011). Livingstonites Gabrielaegen. et sp. nov., Permineralized Moss (Bryophyta: Bryopsida) from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation of Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Ameghiniana, 48(1), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.v48i1(477)Von Der Osten, E. (1957). Lower Cretaceous Barranquin Formation of northeastern Venezuela. AAPG Bulletin, 41(4), 679–708.Watson, J. (1988). The cheirolepidiaceae. Origin and evolution of gymnosperms, 382–447.Watson, J., & Alvin, K. L. (1999). The cheirolepidiaceous conifers Frenelopsis occidentalis Heer and Watsoniocladus valdensis (Seward) in the Wealden of Germany. Cretaceous Research, 20(3), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1999.0152Watson, J., Henderson, C. M. B., Cusack, H. A., & Drury, S. J. (2004). Cycadales of the English Wealden. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society, 158(622), 1–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/25761900.2022.12131802Yang, X., Liu, F., & Cheng, Y. (2018). A new tree fern stem, Tempskya zhangii sp. nov. (Tempskyaceae) from the Cretaceous of Northeast China. Cretaceous Research, 84, 188–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.016Zeiller, R. (1914). Sur quelques plantes Wealdiennes recueillies au Pérou par M. le Capitaine Berthon. Revue Générale de Botanique, 25, 647–674.Zijlstra, G., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., & Cleal, C. J. (2016). (2438–2439) Proposal to conserve the names Taeniopteris and T. vittata with a conserved type (fossil Tracheophyta: ‘Taeniopterides’). TAXON, 65(2), 399–400. https://doi.org/10.12705/652.30Público generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85645/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINALPaleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdfPaleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ciencias - Biologíaapplication/pdf36579122https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85645/2/Paleodiversidad%20de%20la%20flora%20f%c3%b3sil%20de%20la%20Formaci%c3%b3n%20La%20Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdfae811e9e4836e9ecd57783de379fa2daMD52THUMBNAILPaleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdf.jpgPaleodiversidad de la flora fósil de la Formación La Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4484https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85645/3/Paleodiversidad%20de%20la%20flora%20f%c3%b3sil%20de%20la%20Formaci%c3%b3n%20La%20Paja_Hector_Palma_post_final.pdf.jpgca3557da23f1f09221be4919bf5ad957MD53unal/85645oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/856452024-08-11 01:10:57.918Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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