Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez
ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas
- Autores:
-
Muñoz Lancheros, Gustavo Adolfo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/82213
- Palabra clave:
- 790 - Deportes, juegos y entretenimiento
Ajedrez-estrategia y tácticas
Entropía
Ajedrez
Redes Complejas
Entropy
Chess
Complex Network
Teoría de grafos
Graphic Schema Theory
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Emergent properties of the chess game opening. |
| title |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez |
| spellingShingle |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez 790 - Deportes, juegos y entretenimiento Ajedrez-estrategia y tácticas Entropía Ajedrez Redes Complejas Entropy Chess Complex Network Teoría de grafos Graphic Schema Theory |
| title_short |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez |
| title_full |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez |
| title_fullStr |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez |
| title_sort |
Propiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrez |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Muñoz Lancheros, Gustavo Adolfo |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Hurtado Heredia, Rafael Germán |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Muñoz Lancheros, Gustavo Adolfo |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Grupo de Física Teórica |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
790 - Deportes, juegos y entretenimiento |
| topic |
790 - Deportes, juegos y entretenimiento Ajedrez-estrategia y tácticas Entropía Ajedrez Redes Complejas Entropy Chess Complex Network Teoría de grafos Graphic Schema Theory |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ajedrez-estrategia y tácticas |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Entropía Ajedrez Redes Complejas |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Entropy Chess Complex Network |
| dc.subject.spines.spa.fl_str_mv |
Teoría de grafos |
| dc.subject.spines.eng.fl_str_mv |
Graphic Schema Theory |
| description |
ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-08-31T15:26:17Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-08-31T15:26:17Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-06 |
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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Text |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
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acceptedVersion |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82213 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82213 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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spa |
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spa |
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Shannon CE. XXII. Programming a computer for playing chess. The London, Edin- burgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1950;41(314):256– 275. Rudolph-Lilith M. ChessY: A Mathematica toolbox for the generation, visualization and analysis of positional chess graphs. SoftwareX. 2019;9:39–43. Almeira N, Schaigorodsky AL, Perotti JI, Billoni OV. Structure constrained by meta- data in networks of chess players. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):1–10. Blanch A, Aluja A, Cornadó MP. Sex differences in chess performance: Analyzing participation rates, age, and practice in chess tournaments. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015;86:117–121. Blasius B, Tönjes R. Zipf’s law in the popularity distribution of chess openings. Physical Review Letters. 2009;103(21):218701. Rocha FT, Da Silva LR, Cesar FHG, Giraldi GA, Thomaz CE. Chess Experience and EEG Brain Cortical Organisation: An Analysis Using Entropy, Multivariate Statistics and Loreta Sources. In: 2017 30th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI). IEEE; 2017. p. 185–192. Murray HJR. A History of Chess: The Original 1913 Edition. Skyhorse; 2015. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=dNSBCgAAQBAJ. Capablanca JR. Fundamentos del ajedrez. Club de Ajedrez. Editorial Fundamentos; 1984. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=cAzYQQAACAAJ. Grau RG. Tratado general de ajedrez: rudimentos. Tratado general de ajedrez. Editorial la Casa del Ajederz; 2000. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id= snSVRAAACAAJ. Bronstein D. El ajedrez de torneo. Club de ajedrez. Fundamentos; 2000. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=YFZhNvKmbEwC. Estrada E. The Structure of Complex Networks: Theory and Applications. EBSCO ebook academic collection. OUP Oxford; 2012. Available from: https://books.google. com.co/books?id=7z3yku1zI-oC. Wiedermann M, Donges JF, Kurths J, Donner RV. Mapping and discrimination of networks in the complexity-entropy plane. Physical Review E. 2017;96(4):042304. Nievergelt J. Information content of chess positions. 1977;(62):13–15. Koza JR, Poli R. Genetic programming. In: Search methodologies. Springer; 2005. p. 127–164. McKenzie P. Full chess retrieval. 1994;. Zhang B, Chen B, Peng Jl. The Entropy of Artificial Intelligence and a Case Study of AlphaZero from Shannon’s Perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:181205794. 2018;. Squartini T, Garlaschelli D. Maximum-Entropy Networks: Pattern Detection, Network Reconstruction and Graph Combinatorics. Understanding Complex Systems. Sprin- ger International Publishing; 2017. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/ books?id=gOs_DwAAQBAJ. Newman M. Networks. OUP Oxford; 2018. Available from: https://books.google. com.co/books?id=YdZjDwAAQBAJ. Park J, Newman ME. 2004;70(6):066117. Statistical mechanics of networks. Physical Review E. Squartini T, Garlaschelli D. Analytical maximum-likelihood method to detect patterns in real networks. New Journal of Physics. 2011;13(8):083001. Breznik K, Batagelj V. 2011;40(4):225–239. FIDE Chess Network. Austrian Journal of Statistics. Ribeiro HV, Mendes RS, Lenzi EK, del Castillo-Mussot M, Amaral LA. Move-by-move dynamics of the advantage in chess matches reveals population-level learning of the game. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54165. Krivov SV. Optimal dimensionality reduction of complex dynamics: the chess game as diffusion on a free-energy landscape. Physical Review E. 2011;84(1):011135. Png JHC. Understanding the Elephant: A Xiangqi Primer Part 1: History of Xiangqi. Understanding the Elephant: A Xiangqi Primer. Rui xing tu shu gu fen you xian gong si; 2016. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=eTxTvgAACAAJ. Averbakh Y, Kasparov G. A History of Chess: From Chaturanga to the Present Day. Russell Enterprises, Incorporated; 2012. Available from: https://books.google.com. co/books?id=uJBXDwAAQBAJ. Luis FJ, Manuel GJ, Luis FA. Una historia de ajedrez mendocino. Editorial Dunken; 2013. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=xRlWAwAAQBAJ. Shenk D. The Immortal Game: A History of Chess. Profile; 2011. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=aSqGDwAAQBAJ. Forbes D. The History of Chess: From the Time of the Early Invention of the Game in India Till the Period of Its Establishment in Western and Central Europe. W. H. Allen & Company; 1860. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id= J_9dAAAAcAAJ. Falkener E. Games Ancient and Oriental and How to Play Them: Being the Games of the Ancient Egyptians; The Hiera Gramme of the Greeks, the Ludus Latrunculorum of the Romans and the Oriental Games of Chess, Draughts, Backgammon and Magic Squares (Classic Reprint). Fb&c Limited; 2017. Available from: https://books.google.com. co/books?id=voXVswEACAAJ. Ganzo J. Historia general del ajedrez. R. Aguilera; 1970. Available from: https: //books.google.com.co/books?id=GBQinwEACAAJ. Bird HE. Chess History and Reminiscences. Alpha Editions; 2021. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=Wn-qzgEACAAJ. Golombek H. Chess: A History. Putnam; 1976. Available from: https://books.google. com.co/books?id=5jZwAAAAMAAJ. Castro FLC. Mitologia Del Ajedrez. Edicomunicación, S.A.; 2000. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=_Hf7PAAACAAJ. Chairman Abdulrahim VAKH Mahdi. FIDE ARBITERS’ COMMISSION ARBITERS’ MANUAL 2021; 2021. Blanco H UJ. Arbitraje del Ajedrez para Docentes. Gráficas Linero S.R.L; 1999. Bartelski W. OlimpBase the encyclopaedia of team chess;. Accessed: 2021-11-17. https: //www.olimpbase.org/index.php. by MH Themes MMWT. Congress history;. hastingschess.com/congress-history/. Accessed: 2022-2-7. http:// Chess Player’s Chronicle. v. 16. R. Hastings.; 1855. Available from: https://books. google.com.co/books?id=-s1eAAAAcAAJ. Commission TQ. Regulations for the FIDE Online Olympiad; 2021. Kasparov G. Cómo la vida imita al ajedrez. Bestseller. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México; 2016. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id= MDsiDAAAQBAJ. Capablanca JR. Artes y Secretos De Ajedrez. Editorial Quetzal; 2009. International Chess Federation;. Accessed: 2021-11-17. https://www.fide.com/. Karolyi T, Karpov A, Aplin N. Endgame Virtuoso Anatoly Karpov. New in Chess; 2007. Kasparov G. Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors, Part Five. Everyman chess. Everyman Chess; 2006. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id= TduzxQEACAAJ. Karolyi T, Aplin N. Endgame Virtuoso: Anatoly Karpov. New in Chess; 2007. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=ow0oLgAACAAJ. Kasparov G. Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess: Kasparov V Karpov, 1988-2009. Every- man chess. Everyman Chess; 2010. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/ books?id=Eb2WSQAACAAJ. Kasparov G, Wade B, Speelman J. EL AJEDREZ COMBATIVO DE KASPAROV. Colección Caissa. Paidotribo; 2002. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/ books?id=3l0BI7Db33gC. Martin A. Garri Kasparov. Barcelona: Martinez Roca; 1986. Agdestein S. How Magnus Carlsen Became the Youngest Chess Grandmaster in the World: The Story and the Games. New in Chess; 2013. Available from: https:// books.google.com.co/books?id=tCBBCwAAQBAJ. Mykhalchyshyn A. Fighting chess with Magnus Carlsen. Hombrechtikon/Zurich: Edition Olms; 2012. Latora V, Nicosia V, Russo G. Complex Networks: Principles, Methods and Ap- plications. Complex Networks: Principles, Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press; 2017. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id= qV0yDwAAQBAJ. Dorogovtsev SN, Mendes JFF. Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW. OUP Oxford; 2013. Available from: https://books.google. com.co/books?id=JhobAgAAQBAJ. Garlaschelli D, Loffredo MI. Generalized bose-fermi statistics and structural correlations in weighted networks. Physical review letters. 2009;102(3):038701. Fornito A, Zalesky A, Bullmore E. Fundamentals of brain network analysis. Academic Press; 2016. Sethna JP. Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity: Second Edition. Oxford Master Series in Physics. OUP Oxford; 2021. Available from: https: //books.google.com.co/books?id=anEWEAAAQBAJ. Amit DJ, The OUOI, Verbin Y. Statistical Physics: An Introductory Course. Statistical Physics: An Introductory Course. World Scientific Publishing Company; 1999. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=l907DQAAQBAJ. Shannon C. lJ A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Tech. J. 27, 379- 423, 623-656 (1948).-[2. Certain results in coding theory for noisy channels Inform and Controll. 1957;p. 6–25. Omar YM, Plapper P. A Survey of Information Entropy Metrics for Complex Networks. Entropy. 2020;22(12):1417. Zenil H, Kiani NA, Tegnér J. A review of graph and network complexity from an algorithmic information perspective. Entropy. 2018;20(8):551. Ni C, Yang J, Kong D. Sequential seeding strategy for social influence diffusion with im- proved entropy-based centrality. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. 2020;545:123659. Qiao T, Shan W, Yu G, Liu C. A novel entropy-based centrality approach for identifying vital nodes in weighted networks. Entropy. 2018;20(4):261. Dehmer M, Mowshowitz A. A history of graph entropy measures. Information Sciences. 2011;181(1):57–78. Lee MJ, Lee E, Lee B, Jeong H, Lee DS, Lee SH, et al. Uncovering hidden de- pendency in weighted networks via information entropy. Physical Review Research. 2021;3(4):043136. Wang L, Dai W, Luo G, Zhao Y. A Novel Approach to Support Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis Based on Complex Networks. Entropy. 2019;21(12):1230. Squartini T, Garlaschelli D. Analytical maximum-likelihood method to detect patterns in real networks. New Journal of Physics. 2011;13(8):083001. Park J, Newman ME. 2004;70(6):066117. Statistical mechanics of networks. Physical Review E. Bargigli L. Statistical ensembles for economic networks. Journal of Statistical Physics. 2014;155(4):810–825. Squares. PGN mentor;. Accessed: 2022-1-14. https://www.pgnmentor.com/. Home of the dutch rebel;. Accessed: 2022-1-14. http://rebel13.nl/. Jay, Erik. Chess.com; 2005. Accessed: 2022-1-14. https://www.chess.com. Hassabis D. Artificial intelligence: Chess match of the century. 2017;544(7651):413–414. Nature. Munshi J. A method for comparing chess openings. Available at SSRN 2415203. 2014;. Willard Gibbs J. Elementary Principles of Statistical Mechanics. Scribner’s, New York. 1902;. Rosenkrantz R. Where do we stand on maximum entropy?(1978). In: ET Jaynes: Papers on probability, statistics and statistical physics. Springer; 1989. p. 210–314. Tribus M. Thermostatics and thermodynamics. 1961;. Katz A. Principles of statistical mechanics: the information theory approach. WH Freeman; 1967. Karmeshu J. Entropy measures, maximum entropy principle and emerging applications. vol. 119. Springer Science & Business Media; 2003. Harte J. Maximum entropy and ecology: a theory of abundance, distribution, and energetics. OUP Oxford; 2011. Smith CR, Grandy Jr WT. Maximum-Entropy and bayesian methods in inverse pro- blems. vol. 14. Springer Science & Business Media; 2013. King DM, Strantzen JB. Maximum entropy of cycles of even period. 152. American Mathematical Soc.; 2001. Henryk G. The method of maximum entropy. vol. 29. World scientific; 1995. aynes ET. Information theory and statistical mechanics. 1957;106(4):620. Physical review. Jaynes ET. Information theory and statistical mechanics. II. 1957;108(2):171. Physical review. Jaynes ET. On the rationale of maximum-entropy methods. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1982;70(9):939–952. Wu N. The maximum entropy method. vol. 32. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. |
| dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos reservados al autor, 2022 |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional Derechos reservados al autor, 2022 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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openAccess |
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xv, 69 páginas |
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application/pdf |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Física |
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Departamento de Física |
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Facultad de Ciencias |
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Bogotá, Colombia |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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Reconocimiento 4.0 InternacionalDerechos reservados al autor, 2022http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Hurtado Heredia, Rafael Germán85d7d230590ae049bd441b1f48705f0eMuñoz Lancheros, Gustavo Adolfoe07e8b6ebfa06c616ef2366e8c1c4180Grupo de Física Teórica2022-08-31T15:26:17Z2022-08-31T15:26:17Z2022-05-06https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82213Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, gráficas, tablasEste trabajo consta de dos partes. En la primera se aplicó el formalismo de entropía para grado nodal y la fortaleza nodal en la teorı́a de redes complejas al primer movimiento de ajedrez a las olimpiadas de la FIDE, el congreso internacional de Hastings y un compendio histórico de partidas; para ello se construyó una representación de la apertura del juego del ajedrez a través de un grafo dirigido y valuado, el cual permite caracterizar propiedades emergentes de la evolución de las estrategias del juego. En la segunda parte se aplicó un modelo mecánico-estadı́stico aunado con las entropías de grado nodal y fortaleza nodal de la red a la apertura de los grandes maestros Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov y Magnus Carlsen. Con las medidas de entropı́as se encontraron relaciones entre el primer movimiento con el resultado de las partidas, sucesos relevantes en la historia del ajedrez, y los cambios y la moda del uso de estrategias. Con el modelo mecánico-estadístico se encontró una forma de inferir la intencionalidad de los jugadores.This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the entropy formalism for nodal degree and nodal strength in the theory of complex networks was applied to the first chess move to the FIDE Olympiads, the Hastings International Congress and a historical compendium of games; for this purpose, a representation of the chess opening was constructed through a directed and valued graph, which allows characterizing emergent properties of the evolution of the strategies of the game. In the second part, a mechanistic-statistical model coupled with the nodal degree entropies and nodal strength of the network was applied to the opening of the grandmasters Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov and Magnus Carlsen. With the entropy measures, relationships were found between the first move with the outcome of the games, relevant events in the history of chess, and the changes and fashion of the use of strategies. With the mechanical-statistical model we found a way to infer the intentionality of the players.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - FísicaRedes Complejasxv, 69 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - FísicaDepartamento de FísicaFacultad de CienciasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá790 - Deportes, juegos y entretenimientoAjedrez-estrategia y tácticasEntropíaAjedrezRedes ComplejasEntropyChessComplex NetworkTeoría de grafosGraphic Schema TheoryPropiedades emergentes de la apertura del juego de ajedrezEmergent properties of the chess game opening.Trabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMShannon CE. XXII. Programming a computer for playing chess. The London, Edin- burgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1950;41(314):256– 275.Rudolph-Lilith M. ChessY: A Mathematica toolbox for the generation, visualization and analysis of positional chess graphs. SoftwareX. 2019;9:39–43.Almeira N, Schaigorodsky AL, Perotti JI, Billoni OV. Structure constrained by meta- data in networks of chess players. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):1–10.Blanch A, Aluja A, Cornadó MP. Sex differences in chess performance: Analyzing participation rates, age, and practice in chess tournaments. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015;86:117–121.Blasius B, Tönjes R. Zipf’s law in the popularity distribution of chess openings. Physical Review Letters. 2009;103(21):218701.Rocha FT, Da Silva LR, Cesar FHG, Giraldi GA, Thomaz CE. Chess Experience and EEG Brain Cortical Organisation: An Analysis Using Entropy, Multivariate Statistics and Loreta Sources. In: 2017 30th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI). IEEE; 2017. p. 185–192.Murray HJR. A History of Chess: The Original 1913 Edition. Skyhorse; 2015. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=dNSBCgAAQBAJ.Capablanca JR. Fundamentos del ajedrez. Club de Ajedrez. Editorial Fundamentos; 1984. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=cAzYQQAACAAJ.Grau RG. Tratado general de ajedrez: rudimentos. Tratado general de ajedrez. Editorial la Casa del Ajederz; 2000. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id= snSVRAAACAAJ.Bronstein D. El ajedrez de torneo. Club de ajedrez. Fundamentos; 2000. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=YFZhNvKmbEwC.Estrada E. The Structure of Complex Networks: Theory and Applications. EBSCO ebook academic collection. OUP Oxford; 2012. Available from: https://books.google. com.co/books?id=7z3yku1zI-oC.Wiedermann M, Donges JF, Kurths J, Donner RV. Mapping and discrimination of networks in the complexity-entropy plane. Physical Review E. 2017;96(4):042304.Nievergelt J. Information content of chess positions. 1977;(62):13–15.Koza JR, Poli R. Genetic programming. In: Search methodologies. Springer; 2005. p. 127–164.McKenzie P. Full chess retrieval. 1994;.Zhang B, Chen B, Peng Jl. The Entropy of Artificial Intelligence and a Case Study of AlphaZero from Shannon’s Perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:181205794. 2018;.Squartini T, Garlaschelli D. Maximum-Entropy Networks: Pattern Detection, Network Reconstruction and Graph Combinatorics. Understanding Complex Systems. Sprin- ger International Publishing; 2017. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/ books?id=gOs_DwAAQBAJ.Newman M. Networks. OUP Oxford; 2018. Available from: https://books.google. com.co/books?id=YdZjDwAAQBAJ.Park J, Newman ME. 2004;70(6):066117. Statistical mechanics of networks. Physical Review E.Squartini T, Garlaschelli D. Analytical maximum-likelihood method to detect patterns in real networks. New Journal of Physics. 2011;13(8):083001.Breznik K, Batagelj V. 2011;40(4):225–239. FIDE Chess Network. Austrian Journal of Statistics.Ribeiro HV, Mendes RS, Lenzi EK, del Castillo-Mussot M, Amaral LA. Move-by-move dynamics of the advantage in chess matches reveals population-level learning of the game. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54165.Krivov SV. Optimal dimensionality reduction of complex dynamics: the chess game as diffusion on a free-energy landscape. Physical Review E. 2011;84(1):011135.Png JHC. Understanding the Elephant: A Xiangqi Primer Part 1: History of Xiangqi. Understanding the Elephant: A Xiangqi Primer. Rui xing tu shu gu fen you xian gong si; 2016. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=eTxTvgAACAAJ.Averbakh Y, Kasparov G. A History of Chess: From Chaturanga to the Present Day. Russell Enterprises, Incorporated; 2012. 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