Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical
Los estuarios son ecosistemas clave para el estudio de la contaminación por mercurio, al recibir el mercurio directamente a través de los ríos y la escorrentía, y tener condiciones ambientales que permiten su acumulación, biodisponibilidad y flujo. Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de la e...
- Autores:
-
Molina Sandoval, Andrés Esteban
- Tipo de recurso:
- Doctoral thesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/79261
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79261
- Palabra clave:
- 570 - Biología
Mercury
Community structure
Estuarine fishes
Mercury accumulation
Tropical estuary
Mercurio
Estructura de la comunidad
Peces estuarinos
Acumulación de mercurio
Estuario tropical
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical |
| title |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical |
| spellingShingle |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical 570 - Biología Mercury Community structure Estuarine fishes Mercury accumulation Tropical estuary Mercurio Estructura de la comunidad Peces estuarinos Acumulación de mercurio Estuario tropical |
| title_short |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical |
| title_full |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical |
| title_fullStr |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical |
| title_sort |
Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Molina Sandoval, Andrés Esteban |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Duque, Guillermo Cogua, Pilar |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Molina Sandoval, Andrés Esteban |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ecología y Contaminación Acuática |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
570 - Biología |
| topic |
570 - Biología Mercury Community structure Estuarine fishes Mercury accumulation Tropical estuary Mercurio Estructura de la comunidad Peces estuarinos Acumulación de mercurio Estuario tropical |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Mercury Community structure Estuarine fishes Mercury accumulation Tropical estuary |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Mercurio Estructura de la comunidad Peces estuarinos Acumulación de mercurio Estuario tropical |
| description |
Los estuarios son ecosistemas clave para el estudio de la contaminación por mercurio, al recibir el mercurio directamente a través de los ríos y la escorrentía, y tener condiciones ambientales que permiten su acumulación, biodisponibilidad y flujo. Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de la estructura de la comunidad sobre el flujo de mercurio en estuarios tropicales, se tomó como modelo biológico los ensamblajes peces y como ecosistema modelo el estuario Bahía de Buenaventura. Se colectaron muestras representativas de los gradientes espaciotemporales del estuario de granulometría, materia orgánica y mercurio total (HgT) en sedimentos, de variables fisicoquímicas del agua, de la comunidad de peces y del contenido de HgT en musculo de peces. El ensamblaje de peces de la Bahía de Buenaventura estuvo dominado por 14 de las 69 especies encontradas, representando el 90% de la densidad y el 81% de la biomasa. El mayor número de especies, densidad y biomasa se encontraron asociados a las zonas con mayor influencia de ríos. Por otra parte, la MO y el HgT en sedimentos fueron mayores en época de lluvia y en la parte interna del estuario, pudiéndose modelar su distribución y acumulación a partir de la MO y la salinidad, donde la MO representa el medio de transporte y acumulación del HgT y la salinidad representa la influencia de las variaciones hidroclimáticas y los gradientes ambientales del estuario. En la Bahía de Buenaventura el proceso de bioacumulación de mercurio en peces está activo, detectándose la presencia de mercurio en todas las especies analizadas, registrándose concentraciones de HgT superiores a 0.2 µg g-1 en más de la mitad de las especies. Por esto se escogieron las especies: Urotrygon rogersi, Cathorops multiradiatus, Achirus mazatlanus, Achirus klunzingeri, Sphoeroides trichocephalus, Daector dowi y Citharichthys gilberti para su análisis individual. Se identificaron tres grupos de peces, según los principales factores conductores del proceso de acumulación de HgT, que fueron la biodisponibilidad, las concentraciones iniciales en el ambiente y la fisiología específica de las especies, siendo la especie U. rogersi la que presentó el mayor potencial para ser utilizada como bioindicador para la contaminación por mercurio en este estuario. Para las siete especies de peces analizadas individualmente se encontraron Factores de Acumulación Biota-Sedimento (FABS) mayores a uno, comprobando que el proceso de bioacumulación está activo en este estuario. Adicionalmente, se observó que el proceso de transferencia de HgT de los sedimentos a los peces fue más eficiente en época seca y en la parte externa del estuario. Por otra parte, según la influencia de los descriptores de la estructura del ensamblaje de peces sobre los FABS, se identificaron tres tipos de interacción: 1) asociados a la variedad de respuestas a la contaminación por mercurio, relacionados con el número de especies; 2) por el aumento en el ingreso y flujo de mercurio por la producción de biomasa y nuevos individuos cuando los FABS fueron mayores al aumentar la densidad y la biomasa y 3) por los cambios tróficos por variaciones en la oferta de alimento, relacionados con la disminución de los FABS cuando aumento la densidad. Según los resultados de esta investigación la conservación de la diversidad y la dinámica ecológica puede hacer a los ecosistemas estuarinos más resistentes a la contaminación por mercurio. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv |
2020-11-09 |
| dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv |
2021-02-17T15:09:55Z |
| dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv |
2021-02-17T15:09:55Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Doctorado |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
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acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Molina (2020) Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical. Tesis de doctorado. Instituto de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar – CECIMAR. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Caribe. 155pp. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79261 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Molina (2020) Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical. Tesis de doctorado. Instituto de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar – CECIMAR. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Caribe. 155pp. |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79261 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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In: Armon RH, Hänninen O (eds) Environmental Indicators. pp 1–1068 Zolfaghari G, Esmaili-Sari A, Ghasempouri SM, et al (2009) A multispecies-monitoring study about bioaccumulation of mercury in Iranian birds (Khuzestan to Persian Gulf): Effect of taxonomic affiliation and trophic level. Environ Res 109:830–836. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.07.001 |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 InternacionalDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de ColombiaAcceso abiertohttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Duque, Guillermo0bb45789-8f4f-4f2d-a7cf-b137cd2f20dfCogua, Pilar4082611e-0d7c-444c-9cb5-317d45067e22Molina Sandoval, Andrés Estebane57c8845-c636-4f2a-8b4a-b231fdade087Ecología y Contaminación Acuática2021-02-17T15:09:55Z2021-02-17T15:09:55Z2020-11-09Molina (2020) Influencia de los ensamblajes de peces bentónicos en la dinámica del mercurio en un estuario tropical. Tesis de doctorado. Instituto de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar – CECIMAR. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Caribe. 155pp.https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79261Los estuarios son ecosistemas clave para el estudio de la contaminación por mercurio, al recibir el mercurio directamente a través de los ríos y la escorrentía, y tener condiciones ambientales que permiten su acumulación, biodisponibilidad y flujo. Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de la estructura de la comunidad sobre el flujo de mercurio en estuarios tropicales, se tomó como modelo biológico los ensamblajes peces y como ecosistema modelo el estuario Bahía de Buenaventura. Se colectaron muestras representativas de los gradientes espaciotemporales del estuario de granulometría, materia orgánica y mercurio total (HgT) en sedimentos, de variables fisicoquímicas del agua, de la comunidad de peces y del contenido de HgT en musculo de peces. El ensamblaje de peces de la Bahía de Buenaventura estuvo dominado por 14 de las 69 especies encontradas, representando el 90% de la densidad y el 81% de la biomasa. El mayor número de especies, densidad y biomasa se encontraron asociados a las zonas con mayor influencia de ríos. Por otra parte, la MO y el HgT en sedimentos fueron mayores en época de lluvia y en la parte interna del estuario, pudiéndose modelar su distribución y acumulación a partir de la MO y la salinidad, donde la MO representa el medio de transporte y acumulación del HgT y la salinidad representa la influencia de las variaciones hidroclimáticas y los gradientes ambientales del estuario. En la Bahía de Buenaventura el proceso de bioacumulación de mercurio en peces está activo, detectándose la presencia de mercurio en todas las especies analizadas, registrándose concentraciones de HgT superiores a 0.2 µg g-1 en más de la mitad de las especies. Por esto se escogieron las especies: Urotrygon rogersi, Cathorops multiradiatus, Achirus mazatlanus, Achirus klunzingeri, Sphoeroides trichocephalus, Daector dowi y Citharichthys gilberti para su análisis individual. Se identificaron tres grupos de peces, según los principales factores conductores del proceso de acumulación de HgT, que fueron la biodisponibilidad, las concentraciones iniciales en el ambiente y la fisiología específica de las especies, siendo la especie U. rogersi la que presentó el mayor potencial para ser utilizada como bioindicador para la contaminación por mercurio en este estuario. Para las siete especies de peces analizadas individualmente se encontraron Factores de Acumulación Biota-Sedimento (FABS) mayores a uno, comprobando que el proceso de bioacumulación está activo en este estuario. Adicionalmente, se observó que el proceso de transferencia de HgT de los sedimentos a los peces fue más eficiente en época seca y en la parte externa del estuario. Por otra parte, según la influencia de los descriptores de la estructura del ensamblaje de peces sobre los FABS, se identificaron tres tipos de interacción: 1) asociados a la variedad de respuestas a la contaminación por mercurio, relacionados con el número de especies; 2) por el aumento en el ingreso y flujo de mercurio por la producción de biomasa y nuevos individuos cuando los FABS fueron mayores al aumentar la densidad y la biomasa y 3) por los cambios tróficos por variaciones en la oferta de alimento, relacionados con la disminución de los FABS cuando aumento la densidad. Según los resultados de esta investigación la conservación de la diversidad y la dinámica ecológica puede hacer a los ecosistemas estuarinos más resistentes a la contaminación por mercurio.Estuaries are key ecosystems for the study of mercury pollution, as they receive mercury directly through rivers and runoff, and have environmental conditions that allow its accumulation, bioavailability and flow. In order to determine the influence of the community structure on the flow of mercury in tropical estuaries, the fish assemblages were taken as a biological model and the Buenaventura Bay estuary as an ecosystem model. Samples representative of the spatio-temporal gradients of the estuary of granulometry, organic matter (MO) and total mercury (HgT) in sediments, of physicochemical variables of the water, of the fish community and of the content of HgT in fish muscle were collected. The fish assemblage of Buenaventura Bay was dominated by 14 of the 69 species found, representing 90% of the density and 81% of the biomass. The highest number of species, density and biomass are associated with the areas with the greatest influence of rivers. On the other hand, MO and HgT in sediments were higher in the rainy season and in the inner part of the estuary, and its distribution and accumulation can be modeled from MO and salinity, where MO represents the means of transport and accumulation of HgT and salinity represents the influence of hydroclimatic variations and environmental gradients of the estuary. In the Buenaventura Bay the process of bioaccumulation of mercury in fish is active, detecting the presence of mercury in all the species analyzed, registering HgT concentrations higher than 0.2 µg g-1 in more than half of the species. For this reason, the following species were chosen for their individual analysis: Urotrygon rogersi, Cathorops multiradiatus, Achirus mazatlanus, Achirus klunzingeri, Sphoeroides trichocephalus, Daector dowi y Citharichthys gilberti. Three groups of fish were identified according to the main driving factors of the HgT accumulation process, which were bioavailability, initial concentrations in the environment and the specific physiology of the species, being the species U. rogersi the one that presented the greatest potential for be used as a bioindicator for mercury pollution in this estuary. For the seven fish species analyzed individually, Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factors (FABS) greater than one were found, verifying that the bioaccumulation process is active in this estuary. Additionally, it was observed that the HgT transfer process from the sediments to the fish was more efficient in the dry season and in the external part of the estuary. On the other hand, according to the influence of the descriptors of the structure of the fish assemblage on the FABS, three types of interaction were identified: 1) associated with the variety of responses to mercury contamination, related to the number of species; 2) due to the increase in mercury income and flux due to biomass production and new individuals, when the FABS were higher with increasing density and biomass, and 3) due to trophic changes due to variations in food supply, related to the decrease in FABS when density increases. 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