Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante

ilustraciones

Autores:
Martínez Contreras, Laura Alejandra
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/84298
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84298
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica
Cicatrización de Heridas
Medicina Tradicional
Heridas y Lesiones
Wound Healing
Medicine, Traditional
Wounds and Injuries
Panela
Azúcar de caña no centrífuga
Crema
Emulsión
Cicatrización de heridas
Non-centrifugal cane sugar
Cream
Emulsion
Wound healing
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_797bdb0160a5edc13fc4538536cf264b
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/84298
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Contribution to the development of a non-centrifugal cane sugar-based topical formulation with possible healing activity
title Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
spellingShingle Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica
Cicatrización de Heridas
Medicina Tradicional
Heridas y Lesiones
Wound Healing
Medicine, Traditional
Wounds and Injuries
Panela
Azúcar de caña no centrífuga
Crema
Emulsión
Cicatrización de heridas
Non-centrifugal cane sugar
Cream
Emulsion
Wound healing
title_short Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
title_full Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
title_fullStr Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
title_full_unstemmed Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
title_sort Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizante
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Martínez Contreras, Laura Alejandra
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Baena Aristizábal, Yolima
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Martínez Contreras, Laura Alejandra
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de Investigación en Tecnología de Productos Naturales Tecprona
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica
topic 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica
Cicatrización de Heridas
Medicina Tradicional
Heridas y Lesiones
Wound Healing
Medicine, Traditional
Wounds and Injuries
Panela
Azúcar de caña no centrífuga
Crema
Emulsión
Cicatrización de heridas
Non-centrifugal cane sugar
Cream
Emulsion
Wound healing
dc.subject.decs.spa.fl_str_mv Cicatrización de Heridas
Medicina Tradicional
Heridas y Lesiones
dc.subject.decs.eng.fl_str_mv Wound Healing
Medicine, Traditional
Wounds and Injuries
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Panela
Azúcar de caña no centrífuga
Crema
Emulsión
Cicatrización de heridas
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Non-centrifugal cane sugar
Cream
Emulsion
Wound healing
description ilustraciones
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-27T02:21:23Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-27T02:21:23Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-01-30
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84298
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84298
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv Bireme
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Kiya K, Kubo T. Neurovascular interactions in skin wound healing. Neurochem Int [Internet]. 2019;125: 144-50. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.014
2. Moeini A, Pedram P, Makvandi P, Malinconico M, Gomez d’Ayala G. Wound healing and antimicrobial effect of active secondary metabolites in chitosan-based wound dressings: A review. Vol. 233, Carbohydrate Polymers. Elsevier Ltd; 2020.
3. Ziolkowski N, Kitto SC, Jeong D, Zuccaro J, Adams-Webber T, Miroshnychenko A, et al. Psychosocial and quality of life impact of scars in the surgical, traumatic and burn populations: A scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2019 jun 1;9(6).
4. Junginger HE. Pharmaceutical emulsions and creams. 1992.
5. Tarasenko VO, Shmatenko V v., Кuchmistov VO, Koziko NO, Shmatenko OP, Drozdova AO, et al. Pharmaceutical development of complex wound-healing ointment for the needs of military medicine. Regul Mech Biosyst. 2017 nov 24;8(4):662-72.
6. Bhowmik D, Gopinath H, Pragati Kumar B, Duraivel S, Sampath Kumar KP. THE PHARMA INNOVATION Recent Advances In Novel Topical Drug Delivery System. Thepharmajournal [Internet]. 2012;1(9). Disponible en: www.thepharmajournal.com
7. Antonio J, Prieto-gonzález S, Garrido-garrido G, Antonio J, Jorge G lavaut. Actualidad de la Medicina Tradicional Herbolaria. Revista CENIC: Ciencias Biológicas. 2004;35(1):19-36.
8. Mengarelli RH, Bilevich E, Belatti A, Gorosito S. Agentes tópicos tradicionales utilizados para la cura de heridas. ¿Mito o verdad? Terapia Dermatológica [Internet]. 2013; I:98-103. Disponible en: http://www.aiach.org.ar/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Agentes_Topicos_en_Heridas_ATD_2013.pdf
9. Velásquez F, Espitia J, Mendieta O, Escobar S, Rodríguez J. Non-centrifugal cane sugar processing: A review on recent advances and the influence of process variables on qualities attributes of final products. J Food Eng. 2019 ago 1; 255:32-40.
10. Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Cuba) R, González Tuero JH. Métodos alternativos para el tratamiento de pacientes con heridas infectadas. Medisan [Internet]. 2011;15(4):503-14.
11. Topham J. Sugar for wounds. J Tissue Viability. 2000;10(3):86-9.
12. Biswas A, Bharara M, Hurst C, Gruessner R, Armstrong D, Rilo H. Use of Sugar on the Healing of Diabetic Ulcers: A Review Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. J Diabetes Sci Technol [Internet]. 2010;4(5):1139-45. Disponible en: www.journalofdst.org
13. El espectador. La panela, un producto mágico. 2014; Disponible en: http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/publirreportaje/panela¬un¬producto¬magico¬articulo-530396
14. Dirección de Cadenas agrícolas y Forestales. Cadena Agroindustrial de la panela. 2019.
15. Alarcón AL. Estudio del comportamiento de propiedades fisicoquímicas, reológicas y térmicas de jugos y mieles de caña panelera. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2017.
16. Yousef H, Sharma S. Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis [Internet]. 2017. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322063118
17. La Roche-Posey. How much do you know about our skin? 2009.
18. Zuluaga MJ. Evaluación de la actividad cicatrizante de Critoniella acuminata en pequeños roedores. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2013.
19. Kaye BB, Ennis WM. Classification of wounds and their treatment. The American Journal of Surgery. 1943;59(1):94-8.
20. Jeschke MG, Shahrokhi S, Finnerty CC, Branski LK, Dibildox M. Wound Coverage Technologies in Burn Care: Established Techniques. Journal of Burn Care and Research. 2018;39(3):313-8.
21. Gil LR. Evaluación del desempeño preclínico de soportes de Colágeno tipo I asociados con extractos vegetales de Aloe vera en un modelo animal de Cavia porcellus. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2016.
22. Wang PH, Huang BS, Horng HC, Yeh CC, Chen YJ. Wound healing. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association [Internet]. 2018;81(2):94-101. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2017.11.002
23. Cuarín C, Quiroga P, Landínez N. Proceso de Cicatrización de heridas de piel. Rev Fac Med [Internet]. 2013;61(4):441-8. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rfmun/v61n4/v61n4a14.pdf
24. Jaffé WR. Nutritional and functional components of non-centrifugal cane sugar: A compilation of the data from the analytical literature. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2015; 43:194-202.
25. Jaffé WR. Health Effects of Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS): A Review. Sugar Tech. 2012;14(2):87-94.
26. Martínez I. La eficacia de la sacarosa y la miel en heridas crónicas: Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura [Internet]. 2017. Disponible en: http://tauja.ujaen.es/bitstream/10953.1/6579/1/MartnezLpezAnaIsabel_TFG.pdf
27. Chirife J, Herszage L, Joseph A, Kohn ES. In vitro study of bacterial growth inhibition in concentrated sugar solutions: microbiological basis for the use of sugar in treating infected wounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983;23(5):766-73.
28. Zidan D, Azlan A. Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS) and Health: A Review on Functional Components and Health Benefits. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2022 ene 1;12(1).
29. Zhao Y, Chen M, Zhao Z, Yu S. The antibiotic activity and mechanisms of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse extract against food-borne pathogens. Food Chem [Internet]. 2015; 185:112-8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.120
30. Sivamani RK, Ma BR, Wehrli LN, Maverakis E. Phytochemicals and Naturally Derived Substances for Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2012;1(5):213-7.
31. Safta DA, Bogdan C, Moldovan ML. Vesicular Nanocarriers for Phytocompounds in Wound Care: Preparation and Characterization. Pharmaceutics. 2022 may 1;14(5).
32. Singh A, Lal UR, Mukhtar HM, Singh PS, Shah G, Dhawan RK. Phytochemical profile of sugarcane and its potential health aspects. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015;9(17):45-54.
33. (DANE). Particularidades del cultivo de la caña panelera (Saccharum officinarum L) en Colombia. 2017.
34. Velásquez F, Espitia J, Mendieta O, Escobar S, Rodríguez J. Non-centrifugal cane sugar processing: A review on recent advances and the influence of process variables on qualities attributes of final products. J Food Eng. 2019;255(March):32-40.
35. S.I.P.A. Departamentos paneleros producción de panela - Colombia 2021.
36. Gibson M. Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation. Vol. 199, Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation. 2016.
37. Simões A, Veiga F, Vitorino C, Figueiras A. A Tutorial for Developing a Topical Cream Formulation Based on the Quality by Design Approach. J Pharm Sci. 2018;107(10):2653-62.
38. Kulkarni VS, Shaw C. Formulating Creams, Gels, Lotions, and Suspensions. En: Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages. Elsevier; 2016. p. 29-41.
39. WHO. Topical-semi-solid-dosage-forms. 2020.
40. Freire M. Desarrollo de emulsiones dobles y emulsiones dobles gelificadas como análogos de grasa y su aplicación en productos cárnicos funcionales. [Madrid]: Universidad complutense de Madrid; 2018.
41. O’Farrell C, Hall TJ, Grover LM, Cox SC. Formulation of an antibacterial topical cream containing bioengineered honey that generates reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials Advances. 2022 feb 1;133.
42. Gordon H. Sugar and wound healing. The Lancet. 1985;663-4.
43. Nakao H, Yamazaki M, Tsuboi R, Ogawa H. Mixture of sugar and povidone - Iodine stimulates wound healing by activating keratinocytes and fibroblast functions. Arch Dermatol Res. 2006 sep;298(4):175-82.
44. Mesa L. Diseño de un producto cosmético exfoliante tipo gel a escala laboratorio basado en panela. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2019.
45. León H. Diseño de un producto cosmético tipo mascarilla facial emulsionado a escala de laboratorio basado en arcillas y panela. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2018.
46. Suárez MC. Desarrollo de un producto cosmético tipo polvo exfoliante con panela como ingrediente activo. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2019.
47. Tharwat F. Tadros T. Emulsions: Formation, stability,industrial applications. En: Emulsion. 2016.
48. Yamashita Y, Miyahara R, Sakamoto K. Emulsion and emulsification technology [Internet]. Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications. Elsevier Inc.; 2017. 489-506 p. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802005-0.00028-8
49. Effendy I, Maibach HI. Surfactants and experimental irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1995;33(4):217-25.
50. Paye Marc. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. Second. Paye, Marc. Barel, André. Maibach H, editor. Vol. 53. London: Taylor Francis; 2006. 1689-1699 p.
51. Seweryn A. Interactions between surfactants and the skin – Theory and practice. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2018 jun 1; 256:242-55.
52. Lémery E, Briançon S, Chevalier Y, Bordes C, Oddos T, Gohier A, et al. Skin toxicity of surfactants: Structure/toxicity relationships. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2015; 469:166-79.
53. Rancan F, Jurisch J, Günday C, Türeli E, Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A, et al. Screening of surfactants for improved delivery of antimicrobials and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid particles in wound tissue. Pharmaceutics. 2021 jul 1;13(7).
54. Ghafourian T, Nokhodchi A, Kaialy W. Surfactants as penetration enhancers for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. En: Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement: Modification of the Stratum Corneum. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2015. p. 207-30.
55. Srirod S, Tewtrakul S. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of cream containing Curcuma mangga extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;238(March).
56. Jagtap NS, Khadabadi SS, Farooqui IA, Nalamwar VP, Sawarkar HA. Development and evaluation of herbal wound healing formulations. Int J Pharmtech Res. 2009;1(4):1104-8.
57. Shamsu J. Formulation and evaluation of herbal skin for wound healing. 2017.
58. Steinbrenner I, Houdek P, Pollok S, Brandner JM, Daniels R. Influence of the oil phase and topical formulation on the wound healing ability of a birch bark dry extract. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):1-17.
59. Namjoyan F, Kiashi F, Moosavi ZB, Saffari F, Makhmalzadeh BS. Efficacy of Dragon’s blood cream on wound healing: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016 ene 1;6(1):37-40.
60. Baie SH, Sheikh KA. The wound healing properties of Channa striatus-cetrimide cream-tensile strength measurement. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2000; 71:93-100. Disponible en: www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm
61. Kuhlmann N, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Gutsmann T, Goldmann T, Englisch U, et al. Peptide drug stability: The anti-inflammatory drugs Pep19-2.5 and Pep19-4LF in cream formulation. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018 mar 30; 115:240-7.
62. Sadaf F, Saleem R, Ahmed M, Ahmad SI, Navaid-ul-Zafar. Healing potential of cream containing extract of Sphaeranthus indicus on dermal wounds in Guinea pigs. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 sep 19;107(2):161-3.
63. Beaulieu A. Wound healing formulation containing human plasma fibronectin. 1998.
64. Akman EE. Herbal supplement cream used in cancer patients. 2021.
65. Gupta N. An improved topical pharmaceutical composition comprising nanonized silver sulfadiazine. 2012.
66. Farber E. Allantoin-containing skin cream. 2005. p. 1-17.
67. Purnamawati S, Indrastuti N, Danarti R, Saefudin T. The role of moisturizers in addressing various kinds of dermatitis: A review. Clin Med Res. 2017;15(3-4):75-87.
68. Draelos ZD. New treatments for restoring impaired epidermal barrier permeability: Skin barrier repair creams. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30(3):345-8.
69. Panzuti P, Vidémont E, Fantini O, Fardouet L, Noël G, Cappelle J, et al. A moisturizer formulated with glycerol and propylene glycol accelerates the recovery of skin barrier function after experimental disruption in dogs. Vet Dermatol. 2020 oct 1;31(5):344-e89.
70. Klotz T, Munn Z, Aromataris E, Greenwood J. The effect of moisturizers or creams on scars: A systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017;15(1):15-9.
71. Grada A, Mervis J, Falanga V. Research Techniques Made Simple: Animal Models of Wound Healing. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2018;138(10):2095-2105.e1.
72. Sami DG, Heiba HH, Abdellatif A. Wound healing models: A systematic review of animal and non-animal models. Wound Medicine [Internet]. 2019;24(1):8-17. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wndm.2018.12.001
73. Gurtner GC, Wong VW, Sorkin M, Glotzbach JP, Longaker MT. Surgical approaches to create murine models of human wound healing. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011.
74. Glicerio I, El-Amin I, Mendenhall V. Animal Models for Wound Healing [Internet]. Skin Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Elsevier Inc.; 2016. 387-400 p. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801654-1.00019-X
75. Sami DG, Heiba HH, Abdellatif A. Wound healing models: A systematic review of animal and non-animal models. Wound Medicine. 2019 mar 1;24(1):8-17.
76. Porras DO. Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación líquida de administración oral para un extracto de hojas de Passiflora quadrangularis L aplicando los conceptos del enfoque de calidad basada en el diseño (QbD). [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2019.
77. Henao M. Contribución al estudio de formulación de un producto cosmético de uso capilar basado en aceite de aguacate. 2016.
78. Goméz M, Velázquez S, Villafuerte L. Distribución del tamaño de micropartículas lipídicas sólidas de ácido esteárico obtenidas por fusión-emulsificación. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmacéuticas [Internet]. 2008;39(4). Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57911113006
79. ICONTEC. NORMA TÉCNICA NTC COLOMBIANA 1311. 2009.
80. Alarcón AL, Palacios LM, Osorio C, César Narváez P, Heredia FJ, Orjuela A, et al. Chemical characteristics and colorimetric properties of non-centrifugal cane sugar (“panela”) obtained via different processing technologies. Food Chem. 2021 mar 15;340.
81. Guerra MJ, Mujica V. Physical and chemical properties of granulated cane sugar «panelas». Food Sci Technol. 2010;30(1).
82. Jaffé WR. Nutritional and functional components of non-centrifugal cane sugar: A compilation of the data from the analytical literature. Vol. 43, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. Academic Press Inc.; 2015. p. 194-202.
83. Negut I, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM. Treatment strategies for infected wounds. Molecules. 2018 sep 18;23(9).
84. Bessa LJ, Fazii P, di Giulio M, Cellini L. Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: Some remarks about wound infection. Int Wound J. 2015 feb 1;12(1):47-52.
85. Sisay M, Worku T, Edessa D. Microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound infection in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis of laboratory-based cross-sectional studies. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019 may 30;20(1).
86. Lara N, Clavijo A, Barrera V. Modelación de la Solubilidad de Panela Granulada y Otros Edulcorantes en Agua. Revista Tecnológica ESPOL-RTE. 2010; 23:25-31.
87. Chirife,’ Le6n Herszage J, Joseph A, Kohn3 ES. In Vitro Study of Bacterial Growth Inhibition in Concentrated Sugar Solutions: Microbiological Basis for the Use of Sugar in Treating Infected Wounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother [Internet]. 1983;23(5):766-73. Disponible en: http://aac.asm.org/
88. Rowe R, Sheskey P, Quinn M. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 2009.
89. Barnes H. An Introduction to Rheology. 1989.
90. Schramm LL. Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions. Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.
91. Sherman BP. The Influence of Emulsifying Agent Concentration on Emulsion Viscosity. Kolloid-Zeitschrift. 1959;165(2).
92. Derkach SR. Rheology of emulsions. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2009 oct 30;151(1-2):1-23.
93. Sherman P. Studies in water in oil emulsions. IV. The influence of the emulsifying agent on the viscosity of water in oil emulsions of high-water content. J Colloid Sci. 1955;10(1).
94. Percival SL, McCarty S, Hunt JA, Woods EJ. The effects of pH on wound healing, biofilms, and antimicrobial efficacy. Wound repair and regeneration. 2014;22(2):174-86.
95. Schneider LA, Korber A, Grabbe S, Dissemond J. Influence of pH on wound-healing: A new perspective for wound-therapy? Arch Dermatol Res. 2007 feb;298(9):413-20.
96. Sharma S, Shukla P, Misra A, Mishra PR. Interfacial and colloidal properties of emulsified systems: Pharmaceutical and biological perspective. Pharmaceutical and biological perspective. En: Colloid and Interfase Science in Pharmaceutical Research and Development. Elsevier Inc.; 2014. p. 149-72.
97. Lu GW, Gao P. Emulsions and Microemulsions for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery. En: Handbook of Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems. Elsevier; 2010. p. 59-94.
98. Tadros T. Application of rheology for assessment and prediction of the long-term physical stability of emulsions. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2004 may 20;108-109:227-58.
99. Rosen MJ. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena [Internet]. 2004. Disponible en: www.copyright.com.
100. Wilde PJ. Improving Emulsion Stability Through Selection of Emulsifiers and Stabilizers. Reference Module in Food Science. 2019.
101. Lawson J. Design and Analysis of Experiments with R. 2015.
102. Fang XL, Han LR, Cao XQ, Zhu MX, Zhang X, Wang YH. Statistical optimization of process variables for antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdus bovienii. PLoS One. 2012 jun 6;7(6).
103. Ahmadi D, Mahmoudi N, Heenan RK, Barlow DJ, Lawrence MJ. The influence of co-surfactants on lamellar liquid crystal structures formed in creams. Pharmaceutics. 2020 sep 1;12(9):1-22.
104. Suzuki T. Effect of molecular assembly for emulsion and gel formulations. En: Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications. Elsevier Inc.; 2017. p. 519-37.
105. Libre Texts. Organic Chemistry [Internet]. 2022. Disponible en: https://LibreTexts.org
106. Tcholakova S, Denkov ND, Banner T. Role of surfactant type and concentration for the mean drop size during emulsification in turbulent flow. Langmuir. 2004 ago 31;20(18):7444-58.
107. Pandolfe WD. Effect of premix condition, surfactant concentration, and oil level on the formation of oil-in-water emulsions by homogenization. J Dispers Sci Technol. 1995 nov 1;16(7):633-50.
108. Hasani F, Pezeshki A, Hamishehkar H. Effect of Surfactant and Oil Type on Size Droplets of Betacarotene-Bearing Nanoemulsions. IntJCurrMicrobiolAppSci [Internet]. 2015;4(9):146-55. Disponible en: http://www.ijcmas.com
109. Abismaı¨labismaı¨l B, Canselier JP, Wilhelm AM, Delmas H, Gourdon C. Emulsification by ultrasound: drop size distribution and stability. Ultrason Sonochem. 1999; 6:75-83.
110. Mulia K, Safiera A, Pane IF, Krisanti EA. Effect of high-speed homogenizer speed on particle size of polylactic acid. J Phys Conf Ser. 2019 may 10;1198(6).
111. Maa YF, Hsu C. Liquid-liquid emulsification by rotor/stator homogenization. Journal of Controlled Release. 1996; 38:219-28.
112. Salager J, Andérez J, Briceño M, Peréz M, Ramirez M. Emulsification yield related to formulation and composition variables as well as stirring energy. Revista Técnia de la Facultad de Ingeniería. 2002;25(3).
113. Ramisetty KA, Pandit AB, Gogate PR. Ultrasound assisted preparation of emulsion of coconut oil in water: Understanding the effect of operating parameters and comparison of reactor designs. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification. 2015 feb 1; 88:70-7.
114. Sun C, Gunasekaran S. Effects of protein concentration and oil-phase volume fraction on the stability and rheology of menhaden oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate with xanthan gum. Food Hydrocoll. 2009 ene;23(1):165-74.
115. Dapčević Hadnadev T, Dokić P, Krstonošić V, Hadnadev M. Influence of oil phase concentration on droplet size distribution and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2013 mar;115(3):313-21.
116. Luo X, Zhou Y, Bai L, Liu F, Zhang R, Zhang Z, et al. Production of highly concentrated oil-in-water emulsions using dual-channel microfluidization: Use of individual and mixed natural emulsifiers (saponin and lecithin). Food Research International. 2017 jun 1; 96:103-12.
117. Rodrigues MI, Lemma AF. Experimental Design Process Optimization. 2015.
118. Yulianingsih R, Gohtani S. The influence of stirring speed and type of oil on the performance of pregelatinized waxy rice starch emulsifier in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. J Food Eng. 2020 sep 1;280.
119. Barnes HA. Rheology of emulsions- A review. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 1994; 91:89-95.
120. Pal R. Effect of Droplet Size on the Rheology of Emulsions. AIChE Journal. 1996;42(11):3181-90.
121. Dłuuewska E, Stobiecka A, Maszewska M. Effect of oil phase concentration on rheological properties and stability of beverage emulsions. ACTA Acta Sci Pol, Technol Aliment. 2006;5(2):147-56.
122. Alibaba. PEG-100 estearato. 2022.
123. Naeeni SK, Pakzad L. Droplet size distribution and mixing hydrodynamics in a liquid–liquid stirred tank by CFD modeling. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2019 nov 1;120.
124. Pérez-Bueno T, Rodríguez-Perdomo Y, Morales-Lacarrere I, María Soler-Roger D, de La N, Martín-Viaña P. Comportamiento reológico y extensibilidad de una formulación semisólida a partir del extracto acuoso de Rhizophora mangle L. Tecnol Ciencia Ed (IMIQ). 2011;26(2):75-9.
125. Rodriguez A, Paños I. Estudio reológico de emulsiones semisólidas de aplicación cutánea. An R Acad Nac Farm [Internet]. 2004; 70:307-24. Disponible en: www.robopdf.com
126. Pérez D, de La Paz N, Fernández M, Mantilla N, Peña M, Menéndez A. Optimization, physical-chemical evaluation and healing activity of chitosan ointment. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res [Internet]. 2019;7(4):297-309. Disponible en: http://jppres.com/jppreshttp://jppres.com/
127. Li Z, Bui HS. Factors Affecting Cosmetics Adhesion to Facial Skin. En: Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics. 2021.
128. Eudier F, Savary G, Grisel M, Picard C. Skin surface physico-chemistry: Characteristics, methods of measurement, influencing factors and future developments. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2019 feb 1; 264:11-27.
129. Miner P. Emulsion rheology: creams and lotions. En: Rheological Properties of Cosmetics and Toiletries. 1995.
130. Masmoudi H, Piccerelle P, le Dréau Y, Kister J, le Dré au Y. A Rheological Method to Evaluate the Physical Stability of Highly Viscous Pharmaceutical Oil-in-Water Emulsions. Pharm Res [Internet]. 2006;23(8). Disponible en: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03542960
131. Tadros TF. Fundamental principles of emulsion rheology and their applications. Colloids and Surfaces Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 1994; 91:39-55.
132. Brummer R. Rheology of Cosmetic Emulsions. En 2013.
133. Bummer R. Rheology Essentials of Cosmetic and Food Emulsions. 2005.
134. European Medicines Agency. ICH Topic Q 1 A (R2) Stability Testing of new Drug Substances and Products Step 5 NOTE FOR GUIDANCE ON STABILITY TESTING: STABILITY TESTING OF NEW DRUG SUBSTANCES AND PRODUCTS [Internet]. 2003. Disponible en: http://www.emea.eu.int
135. Urrutia PI. Predicting water-in-oil emulsion coalescence from surface pressure isotherms [Internet]. [Calgary]: University of Calgary; 2007. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/1880/101949
136. Masson-Meyers DS, Andrade TAM, Caetano GF, Guimaraes FR, Leite MN, Leite SN, et al. Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment. Int J Exp Pathol. 2020 feb 1;101(1-2):21-37.
137. Vizcaino M, Alarcón I, Sebazco C, Maceira M. Importancia de la sacarosa para la cicatrización de heridas infectadas. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar [Internet]. 2013;42(1):49-55. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu
138. Parente LML, Lino Júnior RDS, Tresvenzol LMF, Vinaud MC, de Paula JR, Paulo NM. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect in animal models of calendula officinalis L. growing in Brazil. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;2012.
139. Preethi KC, Kuttan R. WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF FLOWER EXTRACT OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. India; 2009.
140. Nicolaus C, Junghanns S, Hartmann A, Murillo R, Ganzera M, Merfort I. In vitro studies to evaluate the wound healing properties of Calendula officinalis extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 ene 20; 196:94-103.
141. Bhargava S, Kumar U, Kroumpouzos G. Subcorneal pustular dermatosis: Comprehensive review and report of a case presenting during pregnancy. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020 jun 1;6(3):131-6.
142. Milde R, Ritter J, Tennent GA, Loesch A, Martinez FO, Gordon S, et al. Multinucleated Giant Cells Are Specialized for Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis and Large Target Destruction. Cell Rep. 2015 dic 1;13(9):1937-48.
143. Kumar P, Kumar S, Udupa EP, Kumar U, Rao P, Honnegowda T. Role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in acute and chronic wound healing. Plast Aesthet Res. 2015;2(5):243.
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv xxii, 151 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias Farmacéuticas
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84298/1/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84298/2/1032467073.2023.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84298/3/1032467073.2023.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a
e91f23c4d15d689b03cde099c68fb914
99434647a2ccd183b8ee34bec471b9b0
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1803771628050448384
spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Baena Aristizábal, Yolimaf595d9eaf58da3826f80cd738dae8d45600Martínez Contreras, Laura Alejandrab0ebce725fd4e12bd8670f7f7b05cbfaGrupo de Investigación en Tecnología de Productos Naturales Tecprona2023-07-27T02:21:23Z2023-07-27T02:21:23Z2023-01-30https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84298Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustracionesLa cicatrización de heridas es un proceso fisiológico altamente regulado para la recuperación de la funcionalidad de la piel después de un daño o lesión en su estructura por trauma o enfermedad. En la medicina tradicional, la panela se ha utilizado empíricamente para el tratamiento tópico de heridas con resultados satisfactorios, por esta razón, el presente trabajo consistió en desarrollar una formulación tópica a base de panela con el objetivo de evaluar su posible actividad cicatrizante. Para ello, la composición cualicuantitativa y las condiciones operacionales definitivas de la crema se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de diseños estadísticos experimentales de tipo exploratorio y de optimización. La actividad cicatrizante de la formulación final desarrollada fue evaluada mediante la determinación del cambio progresivo de heridas por escisión realizadas en piel de rata durante 12 días de tratamiento. El porcentaje de aceite, el porcentaje de emulsificante y la velocidad de homogenización fueron los factores estadísticamente significativos para el tamaño de gota D4,3 y el span. La formulación final es estable físicamente, presenta el menor tamaño de gota D4,3 y la distribución más estrecha de todas las emulsiones preparadas; esta comprende 7,5% de aceite mineral, 2% de cada alcohol graso, 5% del emulsificante estearato de sorbitano con PEG100 estearato y se prepara a una velocidad de homogenización de 5000 rpm durante 20 minutos. La aplicación de la crema de panela en las lesiones genera un aumento estadísticamente significativo en el porcentaje de contracción respecto a las heridas no tratadas, lo cual evidencia su potencial aplicación para el tratamiento tópico de heridas.Wound healing is a highly regulated physiological process for the recovery of skin functionality after damage or injury to its structure due to trauma or disease. In traditional medicine, non-centrifugal cane sugar has been used empirically for the topical treatment of wounds with satisfactory results. The present study consisted in developing a topical formulation based on non-centrifugal cane sugar, with the aim of evaluating its possible healing activity. For this purpose, the qualitative-quantitative composition and the definitive operational conditions of the cream were obtained through the application of exploratory and optimization experimental statistical designs. The healing activity of the final formulation developed was evaluated by determining the progressive change of excision wounds performed on rat skin during 12 days of treatment. The percentage of oil, the percentage of emulsifier and the speed of homogenization were the statistically significant factors for the droplet size D4,3 and the span. The final formulation developed is physically stable, presents the smallest droplet size and the narrowest distribution of all the emulsions prepared, it comprises 7,5% mineral oil, 2% of each fatty alcohol, 5% of the emulsifier sorbitan stearate with PEG100 stearate and is prepare at a homogenization speed of 5000 rpm for 20 minutes. The application of the non-centrifugal cane sugar cream generates a statistically significant increase in the contraction percentage compared to untreated wounds, which shows its potential application for topical treatment of wounds.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias FarmacéuticasDiseño y desarrollo de productos fitofarmacéuticosxxii, 151 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias FarmacéuticasFacultad de CienciasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéuticaCicatrización de HeridasMedicina TradicionalHeridas y LesionesWound HealingMedicine, TraditionalWounds and InjuriesPanelaAzúcar de caña no centrífugaCremaEmulsiónCicatrización de heridasNon-centrifugal cane sugarCreamEmulsionWound healingContribución al desarrollo de una formulación tópica a base de panela con posible actividad cicatrizanteContribution to the development of a non-centrifugal cane sugar-based topical formulation with possible healing activityTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMBireme1. Kiya K, Kubo T. Neurovascular interactions in skin wound healing. Neurochem Int [Internet]. 2019;125: 144-50. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.0142. Moeini A, Pedram P, Makvandi P, Malinconico M, Gomez d’Ayala G. Wound healing and antimicrobial effect of active secondary metabolites in chitosan-based wound dressings: A review. Vol. 233, Carbohydrate Polymers. Elsevier Ltd; 2020.3. Ziolkowski N, Kitto SC, Jeong D, Zuccaro J, Adams-Webber T, Miroshnychenko A, et al. Psychosocial and quality of life impact of scars in the surgical, traumatic and burn populations: A scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2019 jun 1;9(6).4. Junginger HE. Pharmaceutical emulsions and creams. 1992.5. Tarasenko VO, Shmatenko V v., Кuchmistov VO, Koziko NO, Shmatenko OP, Drozdova AO, et al. Pharmaceutical development of complex wound-healing ointment for the needs of military medicine. Regul Mech Biosyst. 2017 nov 24;8(4):662-72.6. Bhowmik D, Gopinath H, Pragati Kumar B, Duraivel S, Sampath Kumar KP. THE PHARMA INNOVATION Recent Advances In Novel Topical Drug Delivery System. Thepharmajournal [Internet]. 2012;1(9). Disponible en: www.thepharmajournal.com7. Antonio J, Prieto-gonzález S, Garrido-garrido G, Antonio J, Jorge G lavaut. Actualidad de la Medicina Tradicional Herbolaria. Revista CENIC: Ciencias Biológicas. 2004;35(1):19-36.8. Mengarelli RH, Bilevich E, Belatti A, Gorosito S. Agentes tópicos tradicionales utilizados para la cura de heridas. ¿Mito o verdad? Terapia Dermatológica [Internet]. 2013; I:98-103. Disponible en: http://www.aiach.org.ar/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Agentes_Topicos_en_Heridas_ATD_2013.pdf9. Velásquez F, Espitia J, Mendieta O, Escobar S, Rodríguez J. Non-centrifugal cane sugar processing: A review on recent advances and the influence of process variables on qualities attributes of final products. J Food Eng. 2019 ago 1; 255:32-40.10. Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Cuba) R, González Tuero JH. Métodos alternativos para el tratamiento de pacientes con heridas infectadas. Medisan [Internet]. 2011;15(4):503-14.11. Topham J. Sugar for wounds. J Tissue Viability. 2000;10(3):86-9.12. Biswas A, Bharara M, Hurst C, Gruessner R, Armstrong D, Rilo H. Use of Sugar on the Healing of Diabetic Ulcers: A Review Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. J Diabetes Sci Technol [Internet]. 2010;4(5):1139-45. Disponible en: www.journalofdst.org13. El espectador. La panela, un producto mágico. 2014; Disponible en: http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/publirreportaje/panela¬un¬producto¬magico¬articulo-53039614. Dirección de Cadenas agrícolas y Forestales. Cadena Agroindustrial de la panela. 2019.15. Alarcón AL. Estudio del comportamiento de propiedades fisicoquímicas, reológicas y térmicas de jugos y mieles de caña panelera. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2017.16. Yousef H, Sharma S. Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis [Internet]. 2017. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32206311817. La Roche-Posey. How much do you know about our skin? 2009.18. Zuluaga MJ. Evaluación de la actividad cicatrizante de Critoniella acuminata en pequeños roedores. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2013.19. Kaye BB, Ennis WM. Classification of wounds and their treatment. The American Journal of Surgery. 1943;59(1):94-8.20. Jeschke MG, Shahrokhi S, Finnerty CC, Branski LK, Dibildox M. Wound Coverage Technologies in Burn Care: Established Techniques. Journal of Burn Care and Research. 2018;39(3):313-8.21. Gil LR. Evaluación del desempeño preclínico de soportes de Colágeno tipo I asociados con extractos vegetales de Aloe vera en un modelo animal de Cavia porcellus. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2016.22. Wang PH, Huang BS, Horng HC, Yeh CC, Chen YJ. Wound healing. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association [Internet]. 2018;81(2):94-101. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2017.11.00223. Cuarín C, Quiroga P, Landínez N. Proceso de Cicatrización de heridas de piel. Rev Fac Med [Internet]. 2013;61(4):441-8. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rfmun/v61n4/v61n4a14.pdf24. Jaffé WR. Nutritional and functional components of non-centrifugal cane sugar: A compilation of the data from the analytical literature. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2015; 43:194-202.25. Jaffé WR. Health Effects of Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS): A Review. Sugar Tech. 2012;14(2):87-94.26. Martínez I. La eficacia de la sacarosa y la miel en heridas crónicas: Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura [Internet]. 2017. Disponible en: http://tauja.ujaen.es/bitstream/10953.1/6579/1/MartnezLpezAnaIsabel_TFG.pdf27. Chirife J, Herszage L, Joseph A, Kohn ES. In vitro study of bacterial growth inhibition in concentrated sugar solutions: microbiological basis for the use of sugar in treating infected wounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983;23(5):766-73.28. Zidan D, Azlan A. Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS) and Health: A Review on Functional Components and Health Benefits. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2022 ene 1;12(1).29. Zhao Y, Chen M, Zhao Z, Yu S. The antibiotic activity and mechanisms of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse extract against food-borne pathogens. Food Chem [Internet]. 2015; 185:112-8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.12030. Sivamani RK, Ma BR, Wehrli LN, Maverakis E. Phytochemicals and Naturally Derived Substances for Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2012;1(5):213-7.31. Safta DA, Bogdan C, Moldovan ML. Vesicular Nanocarriers for Phytocompounds in Wound Care: Preparation and Characterization. Pharmaceutics. 2022 may 1;14(5).32. Singh A, Lal UR, Mukhtar HM, Singh PS, Shah G, Dhawan RK. Phytochemical profile of sugarcane and its potential health aspects. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015;9(17):45-54.33. (DANE). Particularidades del cultivo de la caña panelera (Saccharum officinarum L) en Colombia. 2017.34. Velásquez F, Espitia J, Mendieta O, Escobar S, Rodríguez J. Non-centrifugal cane sugar processing: A review on recent advances and the influence of process variables on qualities attributes of final products. J Food Eng. 2019;255(March):32-40.35. S.I.P.A. Departamentos paneleros producción de panela - Colombia 2021.36. Gibson M. Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation. Vol. 199, Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation. 2016.37. Simões A, Veiga F, Vitorino C, Figueiras A. A Tutorial for Developing a Topical Cream Formulation Based on the Quality by Design Approach. J Pharm Sci. 2018;107(10):2653-62.38. Kulkarni VS, Shaw C. Formulating Creams, Gels, Lotions, and Suspensions. En: Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages. Elsevier; 2016. p. 29-41.39. WHO. Topical-semi-solid-dosage-forms. 2020.40. Freire M. Desarrollo de emulsiones dobles y emulsiones dobles gelificadas como análogos de grasa y su aplicación en productos cárnicos funcionales. [Madrid]: Universidad complutense de Madrid; 2018.41. O’Farrell C, Hall TJ, Grover LM, Cox SC. Formulation of an antibacterial topical cream containing bioengineered honey that generates reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials Advances. 2022 feb 1;133.42. Gordon H. Sugar and wound healing. The Lancet. 1985;663-4.43. Nakao H, Yamazaki M, Tsuboi R, Ogawa H. Mixture of sugar and povidone - Iodine stimulates wound healing by activating keratinocytes and fibroblast functions. Arch Dermatol Res. 2006 sep;298(4):175-82.44. Mesa L. Diseño de un producto cosmético exfoliante tipo gel a escala laboratorio basado en panela. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2019.45. León H. Diseño de un producto cosmético tipo mascarilla facial emulsionado a escala de laboratorio basado en arcillas y panela. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2018.46. Suárez MC. Desarrollo de un producto cosmético tipo polvo exfoliante con panela como ingrediente activo. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2019.47. Tharwat F. Tadros T. Emulsions: Formation, stability,industrial applications. En: Emulsion. 2016.48. Yamashita Y, Miyahara R, Sakamoto K. Emulsion and emulsification technology [Internet]. Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications. Elsevier Inc.; 2017. 489-506 p. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802005-0.00028-849. Effendy I, Maibach HI. Surfactants and experimental irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1995;33(4):217-25.50. Paye Marc. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. Second. Paye, Marc. Barel, André. Maibach H, editor. Vol. 53. London: Taylor Francis; 2006. 1689-1699 p.51. Seweryn A. Interactions between surfactants and the skin – Theory and practice. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2018 jun 1; 256:242-55.52. Lémery E, Briançon S, Chevalier Y, Bordes C, Oddos T, Gohier A, et al. Skin toxicity of surfactants: Structure/toxicity relationships. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2015; 469:166-79.53. Rancan F, Jurisch J, Günday C, Türeli E, Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A, et al. Screening of surfactants for improved delivery of antimicrobials and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid particles in wound tissue. Pharmaceutics. 2021 jul 1;13(7).54. Ghafourian T, Nokhodchi A, Kaialy W. Surfactants as penetration enhancers for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. En: Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement: Modification of the Stratum Corneum. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2015. p. 207-30.55. Srirod S, Tewtrakul S. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of cream containing Curcuma mangga extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;238(March).56. Jagtap NS, Khadabadi SS, Farooqui IA, Nalamwar VP, Sawarkar HA. Development and evaluation of herbal wound healing formulations. Int J Pharmtech Res. 2009;1(4):1104-8.57. Shamsu J. Formulation and evaluation of herbal skin for wound healing. 2017.58. Steinbrenner I, Houdek P, Pollok S, Brandner JM, Daniels R. Influence of the oil phase and topical formulation on the wound healing ability of a birch bark dry extract. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):1-17.59. Namjoyan F, Kiashi F, Moosavi ZB, Saffari F, Makhmalzadeh BS. Efficacy of Dragon’s blood cream on wound healing: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016 ene 1;6(1):37-40.60. Baie SH, Sheikh KA. The wound healing properties of Channa striatus-cetrimide cream-tensile strength measurement. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2000; 71:93-100. Disponible en: www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm61. Kuhlmann N, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Gutsmann T, Goldmann T, Englisch U, et al. Peptide drug stability: The anti-inflammatory drugs Pep19-2.5 and Pep19-4LF in cream formulation. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018 mar 30; 115:240-7.62. Sadaf F, Saleem R, Ahmed M, Ahmad SI, Navaid-ul-Zafar. Healing potential of cream containing extract of Sphaeranthus indicus on dermal wounds in Guinea pigs. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 sep 19;107(2):161-3.63. Beaulieu A. Wound healing formulation containing human plasma fibronectin. 1998.64. Akman EE. Herbal supplement cream used in cancer patients. 2021.65. Gupta N. An improved topical pharmaceutical composition comprising nanonized silver sulfadiazine. 2012.66. Farber E. Allantoin-containing skin cream. 2005. p. 1-17.67. Purnamawati S, Indrastuti N, Danarti R, Saefudin T. The role of moisturizers in addressing various kinds of dermatitis: A review. Clin Med Res. 2017;15(3-4):75-87.68. Draelos ZD. New treatments for restoring impaired epidermal barrier permeability: Skin barrier repair creams. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30(3):345-8.69. Panzuti P, Vidémont E, Fantini O, Fardouet L, Noël G, Cappelle J, et al. A moisturizer formulated with glycerol and propylene glycol accelerates the recovery of skin barrier function after experimental disruption in dogs. Vet Dermatol. 2020 oct 1;31(5):344-e89.70. Klotz T, Munn Z, Aromataris E, Greenwood J. The effect of moisturizers or creams on scars: A systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017;15(1):15-9.71. Grada A, Mervis J, Falanga V. Research Techniques Made Simple: Animal Models of Wound Healing. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2018;138(10):2095-2105.e1.72. Sami DG, Heiba HH, Abdellatif A. Wound healing models: A systematic review of animal and non-animal models. Wound Medicine [Internet]. 2019;24(1):8-17. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wndm.2018.12.00173. Gurtner GC, Wong VW, Sorkin M, Glotzbach JP, Longaker MT. Surgical approaches to create murine models of human wound healing. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011.74. Glicerio I, El-Amin I, Mendenhall V. Animal Models for Wound Healing [Internet]. Skin Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Elsevier Inc.; 2016. 387-400 p. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801654-1.00019-X75. Sami DG, Heiba HH, Abdellatif A. Wound healing models: A systematic review of animal and non-animal models. Wound Medicine. 2019 mar 1;24(1):8-17.76. Porras DO. Contribución al desarrollo de una formulación líquida de administración oral para un extracto de hojas de Passiflora quadrangularis L aplicando los conceptos del enfoque de calidad basada en el diseño (QbD). [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2019.77. Henao M. Contribución al estudio de formulación de un producto cosmético de uso capilar basado en aceite de aguacate. 2016.78. Goméz M, Velázquez S, Villafuerte L. Distribución del tamaño de micropartículas lipídicas sólidas de ácido esteárico obtenidas por fusión-emulsificación. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmacéuticas [Internet]. 2008;39(4). Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5791111300679. ICONTEC. NORMA TÉCNICA NTC COLOMBIANA 1311. 2009.80. Alarcón AL, Palacios LM, Osorio C, César Narváez P, Heredia FJ, Orjuela A, et al. Chemical characteristics and colorimetric properties of non-centrifugal cane sugar (“panela”) obtained via different processing technologies. Food Chem. 2021 mar 15;340.81. Guerra MJ, Mujica V. Physical and chemical properties of granulated cane sugar «panelas». Food Sci Technol. 2010;30(1).82. Jaffé WR. Nutritional and functional components of non-centrifugal cane sugar: A compilation of the data from the analytical literature. Vol. 43, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. Academic Press Inc.; 2015. p. 194-202.83. Negut I, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM. Treatment strategies for infected wounds. Molecules. 2018 sep 18;23(9).84. Bessa LJ, Fazii P, di Giulio M, Cellini L. Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: Some remarks about wound infection. Int Wound J. 2015 feb 1;12(1):47-52.85. Sisay M, Worku T, Edessa D. Microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound infection in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis of laboratory-based cross-sectional studies. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019 may 30;20(1).86. Lara N, Clavijo A, Barrera V. Modelación de la Solubilidad de Panela Granulada y Otros Edulcorantes en Agua. Revista Tecnológica ESPOL-RTE. 2010; 23:25-31.87. Chirife,’ Le6n Herszage J, Joseph A, Kohn3 ES. In Vitro Study of Bacterial Growth Inhibition in Concentrated Sugar Solutions: Microbiological Basis for the Use of Sugar in Treating Infected Wounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother [Internet]. 1983;23(5):766-73. Disponible en: http://aac.asm.org/88. Rowe R, Sheskey P, Quinn M. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 2009.89. Barnes H. An Introduction to Rheology. 1989.90. Schramm LL. Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions. Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.91. Sherman BP. The Influence of Emulsifying Agent Concentration on Emulsion Viscosity. Kolloid-Zeitschrift. 1959;165(2).92. Derkach SR. Rheology of emulsions. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2009 oct 30;151(1-2):1-23.93. Sherman P. Studies in water in oil emulsions. IV. The influence of the emulsifying agent on the viscosity of water in oil emulsions of high-water content. J Colloid Sci. 1955;10(1).94. Percival SL, McCarty S, Hunt JA, Woods EJ. The effects of pH on wound healing, biofilms, and antimicrobial efficacy. Wound repair and regeneration. 2014;22(2):174-86.95. Schneider LA, Korber A, Grabbe S, Dissemond J. Influence of pH on wound-healing: A new perspective for wound-therapy? Arch Dermatol Res. 2007 feb;298(9):413-20.96. Sharma S, Shukla P, Misra A, Mishra PR. Interfacial and colloidal properties of emulsified systems: Pharmaceutical and biological perspective. Pharmaceutical and biological perspective. En: Colloid and Interfase Science in Pharmaceutical Research and Development. Elsevier Inc.; 2014. p. 149-72.97. Lu GW, Gao P. Emulsions and Microemulsions for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery. En: Handbook of Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems. Elsevier; 2010. p. 59-94.98. Tadros T. Application of rheology for assessment and prediction of the long-term physical stability of emulsions. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2004 may 20;108-109:227-58.99. Rosen MJ. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena [Internet]. 2004. Disponible en: www.copyright.com.100. Wilde PJ. Improving Emulsion Stability Through Selection of Emulsifiers and Stabilizers. Reference Module in Food Science. 2019.101. Lawson J. Design and Analysis of Experiments with R. 2015.102. Fang XL, Han LR, Cao XQ, Zhu MX, Zhang X, Wang YH. Statistical optimization of process variables for antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdus bovienii. PLoS One. 2012 jun 6;7(6).103. Ahmadi D, Mahmoudi N, Heenan RK, Barlow DJ, Lawrence MJ. The influence of co-surfactants on lamellar liquid crystal structures formed in creams. Pharmaceutics. 2020 sep 1;12(9):1-22.104. Suzuki T. Effect of molecular assembly for emulsion and gel formulations. En: Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications. Elsevier Inc.; 2017. p. 519-37.105. Libre Texts. Organic Chemistry [Internet]. 2022. Disponible en: https://LibreTexts.org106. Tcholakova S, Denkov ND, Banner T. Role of surfactant type and concentration for the mean drop size during emulsification in turbulent flow. Langmuir. 2004 ago 31;20(18):7444-58.107. Pandolfe WD. Effect of premix condition, surfactant concentration, and oil level on the formation of oil-in-water emulsions by homogenization. J Dispers Sci Technol. 1995 nov 1;16(7):633-50.108. Hasani F, Pezeshki A, Hamishehkar H. Effect of Surfactant and Oil Type on Size Droplets of Betacarotene-Bearing Nanoemulsions. IntJCurrMicrobiolAppSci [Internet]. 2015;4(9):146-55. Disponible en: http://www.ijcmas.com109. Abismaı¨labismaı¨l B, Canselier JP, Wilhelm AM, Delmas H, Gourdon C. Emulsification by ultrasound: drop size distribution and stability. Ultrason Sonochem. 1999; 6:75-83.110. Mulia K, Safiera A, Pane IF, Krisanti EA. Effect of high-speed homogenizer speed on particle size of polylactic acid. J Phys Conf Ser. 2019 may 10;1198(6).111. Maa YF, Hsu C. Liquid-liquid emulsification by rotor/stator homogenization. Journal of Controlled Release. 1996; 38:219-28.112. Salager J, Andérez J, Briceño M, Peréz M, Ramirez M. Emulsification yield related to formulation and composition variables as well as stirring energy. Revista Técnia de la Facultad de Ingeniería. 2002;25(3).113. Ramisetty KA, Pandit AB, Gogate PR. Ultrasound assisted preparation of emulsion of coconut oil in water: Understanding the effect of operating parameters and comparison of reactor designs. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification. 2015 feb 1; 88:70-7.114. Sun C, Gunasekaran S. Effects of protein concentration and oil-phase volume fraction on the stability and rheology of menhaden oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate with xanthan gum. Food Hydrocoll. 2009 ene;23(1):165-74.115. Dapčević Hadnadev T, Dokić P, Krstonošić V, Hadnadev M. Influence of oil phase concentration on droplet size distribution and stability of oil-in-water emulsions. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2013 mar;115(3):313-21.116. Luo X, Zhou Y, Bai L, Liu F, Zhang R, Zhang Z, et al. Production of highly concentrated oil-in-water emulsions using dual-channel microfluidization: Use of individual and mixed natural emulsifiers (saponin and lecithin). Food Research International. 2017 jun 1; 96:103-12.117. Rodrigues MI, Lemma AF. Experimental Design Process Optimization. 2015.118. Yulianingsih R, Gohtani S. The influence of stirring speed and type of oil on the performance of pregelatinized waxy rice starch emulsifier in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. J Food Eng. 2020 sep 1;280.119. Barnes HA. Rheology of emulsions- A review. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 1994; 91:89-95.120. Pal R. Effect of Droplet Size on the Rheology of Emulsions. AIChE Journal. 1996;42(11):3181-90.121. Dłuuewska E, Stobiecka A, Maszewska M. Effect of oil phase concentration on rheological properties and stability of beverage emulsions. ACTA Acta Sci Pol, Technol Aliment. 2006;5(2):147-56.122. Alibaba. PEG-100 estearato. 2022.123. Naeeni SK, Pakzad L. Droplet size distribution and mixing hydrodynamics in a liquid–liquid stirred tank by CFD modeling. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2019 nov 1;120.124. Pérez-Bueno T, Rodríguez-Perdomo Y, Morales-Lacarrere I, María Soler-Roger D, de La N, Martín-Viaña P. Comportamiento reológico y extensibilidad de una formulación semisólida a partir del extracto acuoso de Rhizophora mangle L. Tecnol Ciencia Ed (IMIQ). 2011;26(2):75-9.125. Rodriguez A, Paños I. Estudio reológico de emulsiones semisólidas de aplicación cutánea. An R Acad Nac Farm [Internet]. 2004; 70:307-24. Disponible en: www.robopdf.com126. Pérez D, de La Paz N, Fernández M, Mantilla N, Peña M, Menéndez A. Optimization, physical-chemical evaluation and healing activity of chitosan ointment. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res [Internet]. 2019;7(4):297-309. Disponible en: http://jppres.com/jppreshttp://jppres.com/127. Li Z, Bui HS. Factors Affecting Cosmetics Adhesion to Facial Skin. En: Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics. 2021.128. Eudier F, Savary G, Grisel M, Picard C. Skin surface physico-chemistry: Characteristics, methods of measurement, influencing factors and future developments. Adv Colloid Interfase Sci. 2019 feb 1; 264:11-27.129. Miner P. Emulsion rheology: creams and lotions. En: Rheological Properties of Cosmetics and Toiletries. 1995.130. Masmoudi H, Piccerelle P, le Dréau Y, Kister J, le Dré au Y. A Rheological Method to Evaluate the Physical Stability of Highly Viscous Pharmaceutical Oil-in-Water Emulsions. Pharm Res [Internet]. 2006;23(8). Disponible en: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03542960131. Tadros TF. Fundamental principles of emulsion rheology and their applications. Colloids and Surfaces Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 1994; 91:39-55.132. Brummer R. Rheology of Cosmetic Emulsions. En 2013.133. Bummer R. Rheology Essentials of Cosmetic and Food Emulsions. 2005.134. European Medicines Agency. ICH Topic Q 1 A (R2) Stability Testing of new Drug Substances and Products Step 5 NOTE FOR GUIDANCE ON STABILITY TESTING: STABILITY TESTING OF NEW DRUG SUBSTANCES AND PRODUCTS [Internet]. 2003. Disponible en: http://www.emea.eu.int135. Urrutia PI. Predicting water-in-oil emulsion coalescence from surface pressure isotherms [Internet]. [Calgary]: University of Calgary; 2007. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/1880/101949136. Masson-Meyers DS, Andrade TAM, Caetano GF, Guimaraes FR, Leite MN, Leite SN, et al. Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment. Int J Exp Pathol. 2020 feb 1;101(1-2):21-37.137. Vizcaino M, Alarcón I, Sebazco C, Maceira M. Importancia de la sacarosa para la cicatrización de heridas infectadas. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar [Internet]. 2013;42(1):49-55. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu138. Parente LML, Lino Júnior RDS, Tresvenzol LMF, Vinaud MC, de Paula JR, Paulo NM. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect in animal models of calendula officinalis L. growing in Brazil. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;2012.139. Preethi KC, Kuttan R. WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF FLOWER EXTRACT OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. India; 2009.140. Nicolaus C, Junghanns S, Hartmann A, Murillo R, Ganzera M, Merfort I. In vitro studies to evaluate the wound healing properties of Calendula officinalis extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 ene 20; 196:94-103.141. Bhargava S, Kumar U, Kroumpouzos G. Subcorneal pustular dermatosis: Comprehensive review and report of a case presenting during pregnancy. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020 jun 1;6(3):131-6.142. Milde R, Ritter J, Tennent GA, Loesch A, Martinez FO, Gordon S, et al. Multinucleated Giant Cells Are Specialized for Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis and Large Target Destruction. Cell Rep. 2015 dic 1;13(9):1937-48.143. Kumar P, Kumar S, Udupa EP, Kumar U, Rao P, Honnegowda T. Role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in acute and chronic wound healing. Plast Aesthet Res. 2015;2(5):243.AdministradoresBibliotecariosConsejerosEstudiantesGrupos comunitariosInvestigadoresMaestrosMedios de comunicaciónPadres y familiasPersonal de apoyo escolarProveedores de ayuda financiera para estudiantesPúblico generalReceptores de fondos federales y solicitantesResponsables políticosLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84298/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1032467073.2023.pdf1032467073.2023.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ciencias Farmacéuticasapplication/pdf4885301https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84298/2/1032467073.2023.pdfe91f23c4d15d689b03cde099c68fb914MD52THUMBNAIL1032467073.2023.pdf.jpg1032467073.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5132https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84298/3/1032467073.2023.pdf.jpg99434647a2ccd183b8ee34bec471b9b0MD53unal/84298oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/842982023-08-14 23:04:24.464Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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

Publicaciones similares