Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar
ilustraciones (principalmente a color), diagramas, fotografías, mapas
- Autores:
-
Parra Gutiérrez, Sandy Johana
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/86463
- Palabra clave:
- 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica
540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánica
Sunscreens (Cosmetics)
Hongos
Líquenes
Radiación solar
Fungi
Lichens
Solar radiation
Hongos liquenizados
Antioxidantes
Fotoprotección
Cladonia rappii
Lichenized fungi
Antioxidation
Photoprotection
Cladonia rapp
Protectores solares
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
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UNACIONAL2 |
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Chemical study, antioxidant activity, and photoprotective properties of a lichenized fungus from the Sumapaz páramo, Colombia, as a potential source of compounds for use in sun protection |
| title |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar |
| spellingShingle |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica 540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánica Sunscreens (Cosmetics) Hongos Líquenes Radiación solar Fungi Lichens Solar radiation Hongos liquenizados Antioxidantes Fotoprotección Cladonia rappii Lichenized fungi Antioxidation Photoprotection Cladonia rapp Protectores solares |
| title_short |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar |
| title_full |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar |
| title_fullStr |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar |
| title_sort |
Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solar |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Parra Gutiérrez, Sandy Johana |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Valencia Islas, Norma Angélica |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Rojas Araque, José Leopoldo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Parra Gutiérrez, Sandy Johana |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Grupo de Investigación en Química Medicinal Grupo de Investigación en Estudios Biológicos y Fisicoquímicos de Líquenes Colombianos |
| dc.contributor.supervisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Rojas Araque José Leopoldo |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica 540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánica |
| topic |
610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica 540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánica Sunscreens (Cosmetics) Hongos Líquenes Radiación solar Fungi Lichens Solar radiation Hongos liquenizados Antioxidantes Fotoprotección Cladonia rappii Lichenized fungi Antioxidation Photoprotection Cladonia rapp Protectores solares |
| dc.subject.lcc.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sunscreens (Cosmetics) |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Hongos Líquenes Radiación solar |
| dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv |
Fungi Lichens Solar radiation |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Hongos liquenizados Antioxidantes Fotoprotección |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Cladonia rappii |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Lichenized fungi Antioxidation Photoprotection Cladonia rapp |
| dc.subject.bne.spa.fl_str_mv |
Protectores solares |
| description |
ilustraciones (principalmente a color), diagramas, fotografías, mapas |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-07-16T17:00:38Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-07-16T17:00:38Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
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publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86463 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86463 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
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spa |
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spa |
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Valencia Islas, Norma Angélicaf66d4b4578cb5465e1d308cd1c9b7490Rojas Araque, José Leopoldoc1ec4bcd4aeaf37e1c6621364a6a9d41500Parra Gutiérrez, Sandy Johanaa2e23d8b041ca83f8e16350630c0adddGrupo de Investigación en Química MedicinalGrupo de Investigación en Estudios Biológicos y Fisicoquímicos de Líquenes ColombianosRojas Araque José Leopoldo2024-07-16T17:00:38Z2024-07-16T17:00:38Z2024https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86463Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones (principalmente a color), diagramas, fotografías, mapasLos problemas dérmicos, entre ellos el cáncer de piel, relacionados con la exposición a la radiación solar y el consecuente estrés oxidativo generado, constituyen un problema de salud pública que puede prevenirse mediante el uso de agentes fotoprotectores y antioxidantes. Dado que dichos agentes convencionales han demostrado inestabilidad, ineficacia y problemas de seguridad, surge la necesidad de encontrar sustancias novedosas potencialmente más eficaces e inocuas. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en obtener principios activos con propiedades antioxidantes y/o fotoprotectoras a partir de un hongo liquenizado presente en el páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia. Inicialmente, se realizó el tamizaje de las especies Peltigera neopolydactyla, Sticta humboldtii y Cladonia rappii que crecen directamente expuestas a la radiación solar en este ecosistema, indicando la posibilidad de que biosintetizaran metabolitos con las actividades mencionadas. Posteriormente, la investigación se centró en la especie que presentó el mejor perfil de actividad, Cladonia rappii. Se llevó a cabo la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora estableciendo el poder captador de radicales libres, el poder reductor férrico y la inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica. La actividad fotoprotectora se determinó in vitro, calculando el factor de protección solar (FPS), la longitud de onda crítica y la relación UVA/UVB. Se aislaron y caracterizaron cinco compuestos a partir de dicha especie: ácido fumarprotocetrárico (1), ácido úsnico (2), ácido 3-formil-2,4-dihidroxi-6-metil benzoico o ácido haematommico (3), ácido 9-metil- protocetrárico (4) y al ácido 3beta-hidroxi-hopan-29- oico (5), estos tres últimos se reportan por primera vez para C. rappii. A pesar de que el ácido fumarprotocetrárico resultó ser el componente mayoritario en el extracto activo de C. rappii, éste no exhibió una actividad antioxidante ni fotoprotectora destacada, por su parte, el ácido úsnico destacó como un potente antioxidante, demostrando su habilidad para captar radicales libres, reducir iones férricos e inhibir la peroxidación lipídica. Además, exhibió una marcada capacidad de protección contra las radiaciones UVB y UVA, clasificándose como un protector solar de amplio espectro. Este compuesto presenta propiedades fisicoquímicas que lo hacen idóneo para su aplicación tópica en dermatología, facilitando su absorción en el estrato córneo de la piel con el fin de ejercer un efecto protector. La evaluación de los compuestos 3 a 5 no fue posible debido a que se encontraban en cantidades minoritarias en hongo liquénico de estudio, lo que limitó la capacidad de llevar a cabo un análisis de sus propiedades, ya que su presencia no era suficiente para obtener resultados en las pruebas realizadas en esta investigación (Texto tomado de la fuente).Dermatological issues, including skin cancer, related to exposure to solar radiation and the resulting oxidative stress, constitute a public health problem that can be prevented through the use of photoprotective and antioxidant agents. Given that such conventional agents have demonstrated instability, inefficacy, and safety issues, there arises the need to find novel substances that are potentially more effective and safer. The objective of this study was to obtain active compounds with antioxidant and/or photoprotective properties from a lichenized fungus found in the páramo of Sumapaz, Colombia. Initially, screening was conducted on the species Peltigera neopolydactyla, Sticta humboldtii, and Cladonia rappii, which grow directly exposed to solar radiation in this ecosystem, indicating the possibility of biosynthesizing metabolites with the mentioned activities. Subsequently, the research focused on the species that exhibited the best activity profile, Cladonia rappii. The evaluation of antioxidant and photoprotective activity was carried out by establishing free radical scavenging power, ferric reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Photoprotective activity was determined in vitro by calculating the sun protection factor (SPF), critical wavelength, and UVA/UVB ratio. Five compounds were isolated and characterized from this species: fumarprotocetraric acid (1), usnic acid (2), 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl benzoic acid, or haematommic acid (3), 9-methyl-protocetraric acid (4), and 3-hydroxy-hopan-29-oic acid (5), with the latter three being reported for the first time in C. rappii. Despite fumarprotocetraric acid being the major component in the active extract of C. rappii, it did not exhibit remarkable antioxidant or photoprotective activity. On the other hand, usnic acid emerged as a potent antioxidant, demonstrating its ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce ferric ions, and inhibit lipid peroxidation. Additionally, it displayed a pronounced protective capacity against both UVB and UVA radiation, qualifying it as a broad-spectrum sunscreen. This compound possesses physicochemical properties that make it suitable for topical application in dermatology, facilitating its absorption into the stratum corneum of the skin to exert a protective effect. The evaluation of compounds 3 to 5 was not possible due to their minority presence in the studied lichenized fungus, limiting the ability to conduct a detailed analysis of their properties, as their presence was insufficient to yield significant results in the tests conducted in this research. Keywords: Lichenized fungi, antioxidation, photoprotection, Cladonia rappii.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias Farmacéuticas4.2. Selección de la especie objeto de estudio 4.2.1. Recolección 4.2.2. Preparación de extractos 4.2.3. Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante . 4.2.4. Evaluación de la actividad fotoprotectora 4.3. Estudio químico de Cladonia rappii 4.3.1. Procedimientos experimentales generales 4.3.2. Confirmación de la identidad taxonómica de Cladonia rappii 4.3.3. Extracción de Cladonia rappii 4.3.4. Fraccionamiento del extracto 4.4. Estudio biológico de Cladonia rappii 4.4.2. Determinación de la actividad antioxidante 4.4.3. Determinación de la actividad fotoprotectora 4.5. Análisis estadísticoObtención de sustancias bioactivas a partir de fuentes naturales148 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias FarmacéuticasFacultad de CienciasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánicaSunscreens (Cosmetics)HongosLíquenesRadiación solarFungiLichensSolar radiationHongos liquenizadosAntioxidantesFotoprotecciónCladonia rappiiLichenized fungiAntioxidationPhotoprotectionCladonia rappProtectores solaresEstudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solarChemical study, antioxidant activity, and photoprotective properties of a lichenized fungus from the Sumapaz páramo, Colombia, as a potential source of compounds for use in sun protectionTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Texthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMAbhimanyu, K. 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Food chemistry, 79(3), 307-313.Estudio químico, actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora de un hongo liquenizado del páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia como fuente potencial de compuestos para uso en protección solarBibliotecariosEstudiantesInvestigadoresMaestrosProveedores de ayuda financiera para estudiantesPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86463/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINALTesis de maestría. Sandy Parra.Tesis de maestría. Sandy Parra.Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias Farmacéuticasapplication/pdf5057376https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86463/2/Tesis%20de%20maestr%c3%ada.%20Sandy%20Parra.e2b878598599440cf4ea4e470b8d40e7MD52unal/86463oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/864632024-07-16 14:41:01.486Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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