Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes

ilustraciones, fotografías a blanco y negro

Autores:
Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando
Tipo de recurso:
Doctoral thesis
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83694
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83694
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
540 - Química y ciencias afines
530 - Física
Espectroscopia atómica
Espectroscopia de rayos x
Atomic spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
Chemical kinetics
Congo red (CR)
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
Metal-doped ZnO
Nanoparticles
Photocatalysis
Photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PLS)
Raman spectroscopy
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Sol-gel method
Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS)
Wurtzite
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
ZnO
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_6fc1639e902a4ebc0376a9c63ae7a2e6
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83694
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Doped with Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni. Properties and Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Polluting Organic Compounds
title Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
spellingShingle Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
540 - Química y ciencias afines
530 - Física
Espectroscopia atómica
Espectroscopia de rayos x
Atomic spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
Chemical kinetics
Congo red (CR)
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
Metal-doped ZnO
Nanoparticles
Photocatalysis
Photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PLS)
Raman spectroscopy
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Sol-gel method
Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS)
Wurtzite
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
ZnO
title_short Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
title_full Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
title_fullStr Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
title_full_unstemmed Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
title_sort Nanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos Contaminantes
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Almanza Montero, Ovidio Amado
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de Física Aplicada
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [0000-0003-0610-4831]
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001117203]
dc.contributor.scopus.spa.fl_str_mv Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [55509431400]
dc.contributor.researchgate.spa.fl_str_mv Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fernando-Acosta-Humanez]
dc.contributor.googlescholar.spa.fl_str_mv Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=592jpq4AAAAJ&hl=en]
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 540 - Química y ciencias afines
530 - Física
topic 540 - Química y ciencias afines
530 - Física
Espectroscopia atómica
Espectroscopia de rayos x
Atomic spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
Chemical kinetics
Congo red (CR)
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
Metal-doped ZnO
Nanoparticles
Photocatalysis
Photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PLS)
Raman spectroscopy
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Sol-gel method
Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS)
Wurtzite
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
ZnO
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Espectroscopia atómica
Espectroscopia de rayos x
dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv Atomic spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
Chemical kinetics
Congo red (CR)
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
Metal-doped ZnO
Nanoparticles
Photocatalysis
Photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PLS)
Raman spectroscopy
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Sol-gel method
Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS)
Wurtzite
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
ZnO
description ilustraciones, fotografías a blanco y negro
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-11T22:01:47Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-11T22:01:47Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Dataset
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83694
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83694
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Almanza Montero, Ovidio Amadofd8797ac47eb516f1c408a3da8ec7233Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando7f4673cf81d2a2e29e5e7d434ac15fd7Grupo de Física AplicadaAcosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [0000-0003-0610-4831]Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001117203]Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [55509431400]Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fernando-Acosta-Humanez]Acosta Humánez, Manuel Fernando [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=592jpq4AAAAJ&hl=en]2023-04-11T22:01:47Z2023-04-11T22:01:47Z2022https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83694Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, fotografías a blanco y negroIn this doctoral thesis, synthesis, characterization, and application of zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with transition metals (M), such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), were studied. Samples were written as Zn1-xMxO. The preparation of these materials were carried out by the sol-gel method, citrate route, at a calcination temperature of 600 °C and a molar doping ratio x of 0.01 to 0.05 (1-5 at. %). Characterization was carried out using various experimental techniques. The chemical analysis was obtained through two techniques: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The experimental x values were close to the theoretically x values The morphology of the particles was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were observed the vibrational modes which were associated to gas adsorption (CO2 and NO3-), functional groups and organic residues. The vibrational mode attributed to the Zn-O bond was broadened with the kind of dopant metal and the molar ratio x, compared to the same signal from the ZnO sample; the FTIR band associated with the Zn-O tetrahedron decreased when x increase. Raman spectroscopy revealed the characteristic vibrational modes of zinc oxide, which had slight shifts with introduction of M doping metal. The E2high mode was the most intense vibrational mode in all samples. The Raman signals were deconvoluted as shown with 2B1low, A1(LO), and E1(LO) vibrational modes. The structural study was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of a single crystalline phase, type wurtzite was evidenced, evolving from its precursor materials. There were slight displacements of the diffraction peaks observed in the doped samples compared to the same peaks in ZnO, showing metals introduction in the crystal structure of zinc oxide. The preferential orientation of the crystals growth, TC(hkl), showed that there was a change in the crystalline growing preferential direction from (101) plane direction for ZnO to (100) plane direction for Co and Cr doped ZnO samples, and (100) and (002) direction planes for Fe and Mn doped ZnO samples. For Ni-ZnO samples, the crystals showed growingh preferential in the (002) plane direction. The lattice parameters of wurtzite structure for synthesized materials were determined using the Rietveld methodology. Lattice parameters a, c, u, c/a, V and R were evaluated for a type wurtzite structure, and these values were within those reported in the literature, showing slight displacements of the crystalline structure compared with an ideal ZnO structure. The same behavior was evidenced with the Zn(M)O4 tetrahedron distortion parameters. Crystal size was evaluated using Scherrer's equation, reporting dimensions of the nanometric order. Using the Williamson-Hall equation, the crystal size and microstrains were determined simultaneously. The microstrains found were associated with the stoichiometric gradient caused by the substitutional doping of metals M. The optical properties of the synthesized materials were determined by photoluminescence and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). In the case of photoluminescence, the measured spectra showed the formation of reactive species reported for zinc oxide. Among these, the associated signals were the oxygen and zinc vacancies (VO, VZn), oxygen interstices and antisites (Oi, OZn) and the excitonic transitions. Some samples showed the negatively charged oxygen vacancy (Oi-). By ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, d-d transition of zinc oxide was reported in all samples. Signals associated with each dopant metal M were present and increased with the x molar ratio value. Symmetry for synthesized samples was tetrahedral for Co, Fe Mn and Ni doped ZnO, and octahedral for Cr and Ni doped ZnO samples. Diffuse reflectance measurements were useful to determine band gap energy values, through the Kubelka-Munk function. The gap values showed that there was no quantum confinement, so the changes in the band gap were associated to metal doping. Most of the samples presented red shifting, being very evident in Co doped ZnO samples. The excitonic transitions, only in Co doped ZnO samples, was in the visible region. The local structure, where the dopant metals in the zinc oxide is housed, was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In the case of the zinc oxide sample taken as a control, there was no EPR signal that could be associated with free radicals present in the synthesized material. In the case of the cobalt-doped zinc oxide samples, these samples could be fitted with a spin Hamiltonian which contained the matrix elements of the Zeemann interaction and zero-field splitting, in a purely axial configuration, indicating that the atoms of cobalt were introduced into the ZnO structure in that symmetry. In the case of the chromium doped ZnO samples, with a spin value S = 3/2 and g values taken as isotropic, the symmetry where this dopant metal was lodged is axial, with slight rhombic deformations. All signals were associated with chromium ions in the ZnO structure. For the iron-doped zinc oxide samples, the spectra were fitted with a spin Hamiltonian containing a spin value S = 5/2, isotropic g values and dipole interaction parameters responsible for splitting at zero field. The manganese-doped zinc oxide samples were successfully simulated with a spin Hamiltonian containing the electronic Zeemann interactions, hyperfine coupling and fourth-order cubic field splitting parameter, represented by a, F parameters. g-values were taken as isotropic, the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters D and E were the same for all doped samples. When nickel doped zinc oxide samples were studied, they were simulated using the spin Hamiltonian considering that g and A values were anisotropic. Given the parameters D and E values, nickel ions would be present in axial symmetry. The presence of surface donors was not observed. The application of the obtained materials was carried out using photodegradation tests of a polluting organic compound: Congo red dye (RC). The degradation curves for all the synthesized materials showed a dye concentration decrease as a time function. This decrease was greater for the cobalt-doped zinc oxide samples. Remaining doped samples presented a similar behavior as like ZnO sample. A high photocatalytic efficiency was presented for Co doped ZnO samples. A pseudo-first order reaction kinetic model was used in order to evaluate reaction rate dye consumption time. Keywords: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), chemical kinetics, Congo red (CR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), metal-doped ZnO, nanoparticles, photocatalysis, photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PLS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), sol-gel method, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), wurtzite, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), ZnO. (Texto tomado de la fuente)En esta tesis doctoral, se realizó la síntesis, caracterización y aplicación de nanopartículasde óxido de zinc dopadas con metales de transición (M), tales como cobalto (Co), cromo (Cr),hierro (Fe), manganeso (Mn) y níquel (Ni), resultando en la fórmula nominal no estequiométricaZn1−xMxO. La preparación de estos materiales se llevó a cabo mediante el método sol−gel, rutacitrato, a una temperatura de calcinación de 600 ○C y relación molar de dopado x de 0,01 a 0,05(1−5 % at.). La caracterización fue llevada a cabo mediante diversas técnicas experimentales.El análisis químico, con el cual pudo determinarse la concentración de los metales dopantesy el zinc, así como el valor experimental x de la relación molar de dopado para todas las muestras calcinadas, pudo ser obtenido mediante dos de las técnicas usadas en análisis químico: lasespectroscopías de absorción atómica (AAS) y fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF). Los valores de x experimentales estuvieron cerca a los valores de la relación molar de dopado obtenidos teóricamente.La morfología de las partículas obtenidas se observó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido(SEM). Por espectroscop´ıa infrarroja con Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) se observaron los modos vibracionales asociados a la adsorción de gases (CO2 y NO2), grupos funcionales y residuosorgánicos mediante el modo característico del grupo −CH2−, en el caso de los materiales calcinados,provenientes de la síntesis. El modo vibracional atribuido al enlace Zn−O se ensanchó con el metaldopante y la relación molar de dopado x, comparado con la misma señal de la muestra ZnO; labanda en FTIR asociada al tetraedro de Zn−O disminuyó con el incremento de x, para cada metaldopante. Por espectroscopía Raman, se evidenciaron los modos vibracionales característicos del óxido de zinc, que tuvieron ligeros desplazamientos con la introducción del metal dopante M. Elmodo Ehigh2fue el modo vibracional más intenso en todas las muestras. Se hizo deconvolución de las señales tal como se mostró con los modos vibracionales 2Blow1, A1(LO) y E1(LO).El estudio estructural se realizó mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX). Se evidenció laformación de una única fase cristalina, tipo wurtzita característica del óxido de zinc, evolucionandodesde sus materiales precursores. Se dieron desplazamientos leves de los picos de difracción observados en las muestras dopadas comparadas con los picos en el ZnO, mostrando la introducciónde los metales en la estructura cristalina del ´oxido de zinc. La orientación preferencial de crecimiento cristalino T C(hkl) mostró que hubo un cambio en la preferencia de crecimientos de loscristales, pasando de la dirección del plano (101) del ZnO a la dirección del plano (100) para elZnO dopado con Co y Cr y la dirección de los planos (100) y (002) en muestras dopadas con Fey Mn. Para las muestras dopadas con Ni los cristales muestran preferencias de crecimiento enla direcci´on del plano (002). Los parámetros de red de la estructura wurtzita de los materialessintetizados se determinaron usando la metodología Rietveld. Los parámetros de red evaluados,como a, c, u, c/a, V y R estuvieron dentro de lo reportado en la literatura para este tipo demateriales, mostrando ligeros desplazamientos de la estructura cristalina del ZnO ideal. De igualmanera ocurrió con los parámetros de distorsión del tetraedro Zn(M)O4. Se evaluó el tama ̃no decristal mediante la ecuación de Scherrer reportando dimensiones del orden nanométrico. Por laecuación de Williamson−Hall se determinaron de manera simultánea el tamaño de cristal y microtensiones. Las microtensiones halladas se asociaron al gradiente estequiométrico causado por eldopado sustitucional de los metales M.Las propiedades ópticas de los materiales sintetizados se determinaron mediante las espectroscopías de fotoluminiscencia y de ultravioleta−visible en reflectancia difusa (UV−Vis DRS). Porultravioleta−visible, en todas las muestras se reportaron las señales asociadas a la transición d−ddel óxido de zinc. Señales asociadas a cada metal dopante M aparecieron y se incrementaron con elvalor de x. La simetría fue tetraédrica para las muestras dopadas con Co, Fe, Mn y Ni, octaédricapara Cr y Ni. En la parte de reflectancia difusa, estas mediciones fueron útiles para determinarlos valores de energía de la banda gap, mediante la función de Kubelka−Munk. Los valores de gapevidenciaron que no hubo confinamiento cuántico, por lo que las modificaciones en la banda gapse debieron al dopado metálico. La mayoría de las muestras presentaron desplazamientos al rojo,siendo muy evidente en las muestras de ZnO con Co. las transiciones excitónicas, sólo en el caso delas muestras de ZnO dopadas con Co, la longitud de onda asociada se incrementó al punto de pasarde la región del UV a la región del visible, con el incremento de la relación molar de dopado x     Para las demás muestras, se tuvieron pequeños aumentos en los valores de la longitud de onda, perodichos valores se mantuvieron en la región del UV, al igual que la muestra de ZnO sin dopar. En elcaso de la fotoluminiscencia, los espectros medidos mostraron la formación de especies reactivas reportadas para el óxido de zinc. Entre estas las señales asociadas estuvieron las vacancias de ox´ıgenoy zinc (VO, VZn), los intersticios y antisitios de oxíıgeno (Oi, OZn) y por supuesto las transicionesexcitónicas. Algunas muestras presentaron el intersticio de oxígeno cargado negativamente (O –i).La estructura local de los metales dopantes en el óxido de zinc se estudió por espectroscopiade resonancia paramagnética electrónica (EPR). En el caso de la muestra de óxido de zinc tomadacomo control, no existió señal EPR alguna que pudiera estar asociada a radicales libres presentesen el material sintetizado. En el caso de las muestras de óxido de zinc dopadas con cobalto, estasmuestras pudieron ser ajustadas con un Hamiltoniano de espín el cual contenía los elementos matriciales de la interacción Zeeman y desdoblamiento a campo cero, en una configuración puramenteaxial, indicando que los átomos de cobalto se introdujeron en la estructura del ZnO en esta simetr´ıa.En el caso de las muestras de ZnO dopadas con cromo, con un valor de esp´ın S = 3/2 y valoresde g tomado como isotrópico, la simetr´ıa donde se alojó este metal dopante es axial, con ligerasdeformaciones rómbicas. Todas las señales se asociaron a los iones de cromo en la estructura delZnO. Para las muestras de óxido de zinc dopadas con hierro, los espectros se ajustaron con unHamiltoniano de espín que contenía un valor de espín S = 5/2, valores isotópicos de g, y valores quedan cuenta de una interacción dipolar responsable del desdoblamiento a campo cero). Las muestrasde óxido de zinc dopadas con manganeso fueron simuladas exitosamente con un Hamiltoniano deesp´ın que contenía las interacciones Zeeman electrónica, acoplamiento hiperfino y parámetro dedesdoblamiento de campo c´ubicó de cuarto orden, representado por los par´ametros a y F. Losvalores de g se tomaron como isotrópicos, los parámetros de desdoblamiento a campo cero (ZFS) Dy E fueron iguales para todas las muestras dopadas. Por último, cuando se estudiaron las muestrasde óxido de zinc dopado con níquel, fueron simuladas usando el Hamiltoniano de espín teniendoen cuenta que los valores de g y A son anisotrópicos. Dados los valores de los parámetros D yE, los iones de níquel estarían presentes en simetría axial. No se observó la presencia de donoressuperficiales.La aplicación de los materiales obtenidos se llevó a cabo usando ensayos de fotodegradaciónde un compuesto orgánico contaminante: colorante rojo Congo (RC). Las curvas de degradaciónde todos los materiales sintetizados mostraron la disminución de la concentración del colorante  en función del tiempo. Dicha disminución fue mayor para las muestras de óxido de zinc dopadocon cobalto. El resto de muestras dopadas presentaron un comportamiento similar a cuando seusó la muestra de ZnO. Una alta eficiencia fotocatalítica se presentó para las muestras de ZnOdopado con Co. El modelo cinético usado para la evaluación de la velocidad de reacción y tiempode consumo del colorante fue el de pseudo−primer orden.Convocatoria Colciencias 647 de 2014. Doctorados nacionales. El objetivo fue fortalecer los programas doctorales en universidades acreditadas del país mediante la financiación de sus estudiantes de doctorado.Proyecto aprobado No. 41469 por la Dirección de Investigación y Extensión Sede Bogotá, en la cual pudieron culminarse los objetivos planteados de la tesis doctoral.DoctoradoDoctor en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de MaterialesSoluciones Tecnológicas e Investigación para la Industriaxxxv, 252 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ingeniería - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de MaterialesFacultad de IngenieríaBogotá,ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá540 - Química y ciencias afines530 - FísicaEspectroscopia atómicaEspectroscopia de rayos xAtomic spectroscopyX-ray spectroscopyAtomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)Chemical kineticsCongo red (CR)Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)Metal-doped ZnONanoparticlesPhotocatalysisPhotoluminiscence spectroscopy (PLS)Raman spectroscopyScanning electron microscopy (SEM)Sol-gel methodUltraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS)WurtziteX-ray diffraction (XRD)X-ray fluorescence (XRF)ZnONanopartículas de Óxido de Zinc Dopadas con Co, Cr, Fe, Mn y Ni. 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Propiedades Y Aplicación En La Degradación Fotocatalítica De Compuestos Orgánicos ContaminantesDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia y Tecnología e InnovaciónDirección de Invesitgación y Extensión Sede Bogotá (DIEB) - Universidad Nacional de ColombiaEstudiantesInvestigadoresTHUMBNAIL1064976808.2022.pdf.jpg1064976808.2022.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4729https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83694/3/1064976808.2022.pdf.jpg80791aec340dbb1b40ea54efe7d2d1acMD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83694/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1064976808.2022.pdf1064976808.2022.pdfTesis de Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de Materialesapplication/pdf17162291https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83694/2/1064976808.2022.pdf8782d4e923c64cc814f8e2a6587acb02MD52unal/83694oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/836942023-07-27 23:04:19.914Repositorio Institucional Universidad 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