Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima

ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablas

Autores:
Cruz Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
Tipo de recurso:
Doctoral thesis
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/86677
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86677
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas
570 - Biología
570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímica
FERTILIZANTES ORGANICOS
PRODUCCION VEGETAL
Organic fertilizers
Plant production
Tamo de arroz
Actividad hidrolítica
Antagonismo
Relación C:N
BAFE
Trichoderma
Promoción de crecimiento vegetal
Rice Straw
Hydrolitic activity
Carbon to nitrogen ratio
Aerobic endospore forming batería - AEFB
Trichoderma fungi
Plant growth promotion
Rights
openAccess
License
Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_6ab85b3c39694763c410e94cafa37573
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/86677
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Development of biological strategies for rice straw management as biofertilizer at Tolima ́s department
title Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
spellingShingle Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas
570 - Biología
570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímica
FERTILIZANTES ORGANICOS
PRODUCCION VEGETAL
Organic fertilizers
Plant production
Tamo de arroz
Actividad hidrolítica
Antagonismo
Relación C:N
BAFE
Trichoderma
Promoción de crecimiento vegetal
Rice Straw
Hydrolitic activity
Carbon to nitrogen ratio
Aerobic endospore forming batería - AEFB
Trichoderma fungi
Plant growth promotion
title_short Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
title_full Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
title_fullStr Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
title_full_unstemmed Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
title_sort Desarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del Tolima
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Cruz Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Uribe Vélez, Daniel
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Cruz Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Microbiología Agrícola
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Cruz Ramírez, Carlos Alberto [0000000314949914]
dc.contributor.cvlac.spa.fl_str_mv Carlos Alberto Cruz Ramírez [0001084968]
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas
570 - Biología
570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímica
topic 500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas
570 - Biología
570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímica
FERTILIZANTES ORGANICOS
PRODUCCION VEGETAL
Organic fertilizers
Plant production
Tamo de arroz
Actividad hidrolítica
Antagonismo
Relación C:N
BAFE
Trichoderma
Promoción de crecimiento vegetal
Rice Straw
Hydrolitic activity
Carbon to nitrogen ratio
Aerobic endospore forming batería - AEFB
Trichoderma fungi
Plant growth promotion
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv FERTILIZANTES ORGANICOS
PRODUCCION VEGETAL
dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv Organic fertilizers
Plant production
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Tamo de arroz
Actividad hidrolítica
Antagonismo
Relación C:N
BAFE
Trichoderma
Promoción de crecimiento vegetal
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Rice Straw
Hydrolitic activity
Carbon to nitrogen ratio
Aerobic endospore forming batería - AEFB
Trichoderma fungi
Plant growth promotion
description ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablas
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-01T20:08:40Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-01T20:08:40Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86677
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86677
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
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spelling Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Uribe Vélez, Danielc0920b12ebab2c68a158bdb7410eaee1Cruz Ramírez, Carlos Alberto0f2774e05c570c453a1e6704ecd12d64Microbiología AgrícolaCruz Ramírez, Carlos Alberto [0000000314949914]Carlos Alberto Cruz Ramírez [0001084968]2024-08-01T20:08:40Z2024-08-01T20:08:40Z2024https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86677Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablasLa práctica más empleada para el manejo de los residuos del cultivo de arroz es la quema a campo abierto, lo que no solo altera el ecosistema suelo en todos sus componentes, sino que produce cantidades considerables de gases de efecto invernadero y pérdidas significativas de nutrientes valiosos para el establecimiento de nuevos ciclos de cultivo. No obstante, la pérdida progresiva de materia orgánica en los suelos del trópico y la baja tasa de asimilación de fertilizantes principalmente nitrogenados, vulneran la sostenibilidad del cultivo. Bajo este contexto, la biodegradación del tamo de arroz in situ resulta ser la estrategia más acertada desde el punto de vista ecológico, económico y de sostenibilidad del cultivo a largo plazo. Sin embargo, su alto contenido de ligninas y sílice, alta relación carbono:nitrógeno, así como las constantes fluctuaciones en las condiciones climáticas hacen de este proceso poco eficiente y rentable en campo. Por tanto, se desarrollaron estrategias para optimizar la biodegradación del tamo de arroz in situ mediante el desarrollo de coinóculos microbianos con potencial hidrolítico, y de biocontrol, como mecanismo de fertilización agrícola. Se determinó la actividad hidrolítica y oxidativa de cepas de Trichoderma spp. comerciales y nativas, y de bacterias aerobias formadoras de endospora (BAFE) pertenecientes al género Bacillus aisladas de suelos arroceros sobre medios sólidos diferenciales. Posteriormente, se estableció la compatibilidad entre los microorganismos seleccionados para el establecimiento de mezclas microbianas. Se ejecutaron fermentaciones en estado sumergido y sólido empleando tamo de arroz como única fuente de energía para cepas individuales y/o en mezclas, estableciendo las cinéticas de actividades enzimáticas, crecimiento bacteriano, respiración, así como la producción de amonio y reducción de peso seco del tamo residual al final del periodo de incubación. Los mejores aislamientos de Bacillus y hongos fueron identificados por biología molecular. El consorcio microbiano con la mayor respuesta de biodegradación del tamo de arroz fue evaluado bajo condiciones de fermentación sólida del tamo de arroz, ajustando la relación C:N del residuo vegetal mediante la adición de urea. Se estimaron parámetros de respiración microbiana (C-CO2), producción de biomasa microbiana de carbono, así como porcentaje de reducción de fibras y proteína del tamo de arroz, y actividades enzimáticas extracelulares de interés. Posteriormente, se estableció el efecto de suelo enmendado con tamo de arroz pre-tratado biológicamente, sobre la actividad de promotores de crecimiento vegetal (PCV) en arroz, bajo condiciones de invernadero y campo. Este trabajo aporta evidencia del potencial de mezclas microbianas Bacillus - Trichoderma para la degradación de tamo de arroz enriquecido con urea hasta una relación C:N<30, y el efecto positivo de esta enmienda sobre la actividad de rizobacterias PCV y plantas de arroz. Los efectos conjuntos se tradujeron en plantas de arroz de mayor longitud y peso seco, mayor rendimiento de cultivo, y menor incidencia de fitopatógenos convencionales del cultivo. Nuestros resultados además aportan a la sostenibilidad del cultivo y minimizan el impacto ecológico y ambiental que suponen las prácticas agronómicas tradicionales de fertilización y quema del tamo a campo abierto, otorgando mayor competitividad al cultivo de arroz en Colombia (Texto tomado de la fuente).The most widely used practice for managing rice crop residues is open-field burning, which alters the entire soil ecosystem and produces considerable amounts of greenhouse gases and significant losses of valuable nutrients for the establishment of new crop cycles. However, the progressive loss of organic matter in tropical soils and the low rate of fertilizer assimilation, mainly nitrogenous, threaten the sustainability of rice crops. Consequently, the biodegradation of rice straw in situ turns out to be the most appropriate and long-term strategy from an ecological, economic, and sustainability perspective. However, its high lignin and silica content, high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and constant weather fluctuations make this process inefficient and unprofitable in the field. Therefore, bio-based strategies were developed to optimize the biodegradation of N-enriched rice straw in situ through the development of microbial consortia. The hydrolytic and oxidative activities of Trichoderma spp. strains were determined by commercial and native aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEFB) belonging to the genus Bacillus isolated from rice soils on differential agar media plates. Subsequently, the compatibility between the selected microorganisms was established. Submerged and solid-state fermentations were carried out using rice straw as the only carbon and nitrogen source for individual or mixture strains. The kinetics of enzymatic activities, bacterial growth, respiration, ammonia production, and rice straw dry weight reduction were assessed at the end of the incubation period. The best microorganisms were identified by molecular biology. The microbial consortium with the highest rice straw biodegradation profile was evaluated under solid-state fermentation, adjusting the C-to-N ratio of the plant residue by adding urea. Parameters of microbial respiration (C-CO2), microbial carbon biomass, percentage reduction of fiber and protein content from rice straw, and extracellular enzymatic activities were estimated. Subsequently, the effect of soil amended with biologically pre-treated rice straw on rice plant growth under greenhouse and field conditions was established. This work provides evidence of the potential of Bacillus-Trichoderma mixtures for optimization of urea-enriched rice straw biodegradation to a middle C:N ratio (≤35): Moreover, positive effects of this amendment on rice PGPR activity were identified. Noteworthy, the joint effects translated into rice plants of greater length and dry weight, a higher crop yield, and a lower incidence of conventional phytopathogens in the crop. Our results also contribute to the sustainability of the crop and minimize the ecological and environmental impact of traditional agronomic practices like fertilization and rice straw burning, making rice cultivation more profitable in Colombia.DoctoradoDoctor en Ciencias - BiologíaBiodiversidad y conservación; Biotecnología Agrícolaxviii, 226 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede BogotáBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Ciencias - BiologíaFacultad de CienciasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas570 - Biología570 - Biología::572 - BioquímicaFERTILIZANTES ORGANICOSPRODUCCION VEGETALOrganic fertilizersPlant productionTamo de arrozActividad hidrolíticaAntagonismoRelación C:NBAFETrichodermaPromoción de crecimiento vegetalRice StrawHydrolitic activityCarbon to nitrogen ratioAerobic endospore forming batería - AEFBTrichoderma fungiPlant growth promotionDesarrollo de estrategias biológicas para el manejo del tamo de arroz con fines de biofertilización en el departamento del TolimaDevelopment of biological strategies for rice straw management as biofertilizer at Tolima ́s departmentTrabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Texthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDColombiaTolimaAbaide, E. 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Bioresource Technology, 99, pp.6826– 6833.InvestigadoresMaestrosResponsables políticosLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86677/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53ORIGINAL80259449.2024.pdf80259449.2024.pdfTesis de doctorado en Ciencias-Biologíaapplication/pdf6114221https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86677/4/80259449.2024.pdf0c6ff343c2120c5361dad5f62f022bbeMD54THUMBNAIL80259449.2024.pdf.jpg80259449.2024.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5100https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86677/5/80259449.2024.pdf.jpgf644f8e6945095ac5cc5f0171fcb6b3bMD55unal/86677oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/866772024-08-01 23:04:28.977Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de 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