Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP

ilustraciones

Autores:
Tamayo Domínguez, Ana Cristina
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2003
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/84604
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84604
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación
Industria del cardamomo
Cultivo de cardamomo
Cardamom industry
Cardamomo
Variabilidad genética
Elettaria cardamomum
AFLP
Cardamom
Genetic variability
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_5993bbbaa1c6bbe3b70b938c128ec34c
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/84604
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Molecular characterization of selected cardamom materials -Elettaria Cardamomum L. (Matón)- Using AFLP Markers
title Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
spellingShingle Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación
Industria del cardamomo
Cultivo de cardamomo
Cardamom industry
Cardamomo
Variabilidad genética
Elettaria cardamomum
AFLP
Cardamom
Genetic variability
title_short Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
title_full Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
title_fullStr Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
title_full_unstemmed Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
title_sort Caracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLP
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Tamayo Domínguez, Ana Cristina
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Afanador Kafuri, Lucia
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Tamayo Domínguez, Ana Cristina
dc.contributor.educationalvalidator.none.fl_str_mv Reyes S., Carlos
Hoyos S., Rodrigo
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Tamayo Domínguez, Ana Cristina [0000-0003-0004-732X]
Afanador Kafuri, Lucia [0000-0002-9538-4515]
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación
topic 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación
Industria del cardamomo
Cultivo de cardamomo
Cardamom industry
Cardamomo
Variabilidad genética
Elettaria cardamomum
AFLP
Cardamom
Genetic variability
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Industria del cardamomo
Cultivo de cardamomo
dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv Cardamom industry
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Cardamomo
Variabilidad genética
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Elettaria cardamomum
AFLP
Cardamom
Genetic variability
description ilustraciones
publishDate 2003
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2003
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-28T16:22:02Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-28T16:22:02Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84604
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84604
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv RedCol
LaReferencia
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv ADEL ZMB; SIHAM MMF; AHMED TME; BARAKAT SMM. 2002. Application of some spices in flavoring and preservation of cookies: 2-antimicrobial and sensory properties of cardamom, cinnamon and clove. Deutsche-Lebensmittel- Rundschau. 2002, 98: 7, 261-265.
ALAGIANAGALINGAM, M.N.; KANDASWAMY, T.K. 1981. Control of capsule rot and rhizome rot of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Salisb) Madras Agricultural Journal (India). V. 68(8) p. 554-557.
ANAND T; GOVINDARAJU C; SUDHARSHAN MR; SREENIVASULU P. 1998. Epidemiology of vein-clearing disease of small cardamom. Indian Journal of Virology. 1998, 14: 2, 105-109.
ANTHONY F., QUIROS O., TOPART P., BERTRAN B., LASHERMES P. 2002. Detection by simple secuency repeat market of introgresion from Coffea canephora in Coffea arabiga cultivar. Plant breeding 121, 1-3 (2002).
AROMATHERAPY & Essential oils. Information about the essential oils. Disponible en www.naturaloil.com. Mayo 2000, Revisado agosto 2003.
ASTORGA C., O. QUIROS. 2003. Protocolos de amplificación de ADN para las técnicas de RAPD, SSR y AFLP para el estudio genético de la diversidad de las plantas cultivadas. Unidad de recursos fitogenéticos y biotecnología. CATIE. Costa Rica.
BADEI AZM; EL AKEL ATM; FAHEID SMM; MAHMOUD BSM. 2002. Application of some spices in flavoring and preservation of cookies: 1-antioxidant properties of cardamom, cinnamon and clove. Deutsche-Lebensmittel-Rundschau. 98: 5, 176183.
BABU, K.N., GEETHA, S.P. MINOO, D.; RAVINDRAN P.N. and PETER, K.V. 1999. In vitro conservation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón) germoplasma. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. N° 119: 41-45.
BARRETT, B. 1995. Commentary: plants, pesticides and production in Guatemala. Nutrition, health and nontraditional agriculture. Ecology of Food and Nutrition (USA). V. 33(4) p. 293-309.
BECERRA, V. y PAREDES M. 2000. Uso de marcadores bioquímicos y moleculares en estudios de diversidad genética; Agricultura Técnica Chile. 60 (3):270-281. Sep 2000.
BHAT K.V., LAKHANPAUL S., CHANDEL K.P.S., and Jarret R.L. 1995. Molecular markers for characterization and identification of genetic resources of perennial crops. Molecular genetic techniques for plant genetic resources. IPGRI. Pg. 107- 127.
CATIE, 2003. Manual de presentación del Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza – CATIE-. Costa Rica. Pg. 26
CHANDRAN K. et al, 1983. Studies on the role of honeybees in the pollination of cardamom. Proc. 2nd International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates. New Delly.
CHAKRAVARTHY AK; SRIHARI K; THYAGARAJ NE; NAGARAJU S; REDDY PP (ED.);
KUMAR NKK (ED.); VERGHESE A. 1998. Rodent pest management in cardamom with cultural practices. Advances in IPM for horticultural crops. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: environmental implications and thrusts, Bangalore, India, 15-17 October 1997. pg. 188-194.
CHAUDHARY, O.P.; KUMAR, R. 2000. Studies on honeybee foraging and pollination in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 37-42.
CHAUDHURY, R.; CHANDEL, K.P.S. 1995. Studies on germination and cryopreservation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón) seeds. Seed Science and Technology (Switzerland). V. 23(1) p. 235-240.
CONN, E.; STUMPF, P; BRUENNING, G y DOI, R. 1998. Bioquímica fundamental. Universidad de California Davis. Limusa Noriega editores. México. Pg 178.
CUMMINGS, M. y W. KLUG. 1999. Conceptos de genética. 5ª edición, Prentice Hall. 814 pgs.
DROOGENBROECK B VAN; BREYNE P; GOETGHEBEUR P; ROMEIJN PEETERS E; KYNDT T; GHEYSEN G; VAN DROOGENBROECK B. 2002. AFLP analysis of genetic relationships among papaya and its wild relatives (Caricaceae) from Ecuador. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 105: 2-3, 289-297.
DUBEY AK; YADAV DS. 2001. Comparative performance of different varieties of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) under mid altitude of Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops. 10: 2, 119-122.
ELIAS M., PANAUD O. and ROBERT T. 2000. Assessment of genetic variability in a traditional Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) farming system, using AFLP markers. Heredity. V. 85. N° 3 pg. 219-230.
FERREIRA, M.E. y GRATTAPAGLIA, D. 1998. Introducción al uso de marcadores moleculares en el análisis genético. EMBRAPA, Brasil.
GEETHA, S.P.; BABU, K.N.; REMA, J.; RAVINDRAN, P.N.; PETER, K.V. 2000. Isolation of protoplasts from cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 23-30.
GILLIES, A.C.; CORNELIUS, J.P.; NEWTON, A.C.; NAVARRO, C.; HERNANDEZ, M. y WILSON, J. . 1997. Genetic variation in Costa Rican populations of the tropical timber species Cedrela odorata L., assessed using RAPDs. Molecular Plant Ecology: 6, 1133-1145.
GOVINDARAJU C; THOMAS J; SUDARSHAN MR; MATHEW NM (ED.); KURUVILLA JACOB C (ED.); LICY J (ED.); JOSEPH T (ED.); MEENATTOOR JR (ED.); THOMAS KK. 1998. “Chenthal” disease of cardamom caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz and its management. Developments in plantation crops research. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Plantation Crops, PLACROSYM XII, Kottayam, India, 27-29 November 1996., 255-259. Allied Publishers Ltd; New Delhi; India.
GRIFFITHS, A, GELBART, W, MILLAR, J, LEWONTIN, R, 1999. Genética Moderna. Editorial Mc Graw-Hill. Pg. 342-346.
HARRIS, S.A. 1996. Molecular analysis of forest tree biodiversity: a selection of practical protocols. Oxford, England. 47 p. Modificado por W. Phillips. Enero 23 de 1998.
HILL, M. ; WITSENBOER, H. ; ZABEAU, M.; VOS, P. ; KESSELI. R. AND MICHELMORE, R. 1996. PCR-based fingerprinting using AFLPs as a tool for studying genetic relationships in Lactuca spp. Theor. Appl. Genetic. 93.: 1202-1210.
HILLIS, D, MORITZ, C, MABLE, B, 1996. Molecular Systematics. Second Edition. Sinauer Associates, USA. Pg 205-247.
ICTA. 1990. Spice plants. Mac MIllan Education ltd. The Tropical Agriculturalist. London.
ITOIZ. R. et al, 1997. Aplicación de los RAPD a la identificación de manzano en bancos de germoplasma. Dpto. Producción Agraria. Univ. Pública de Navarra. Campus Arrosadía s/n. 31006 Pamplona. Navarra.
INVITROGENE de Life Technologies. 2003. Protocolos de AFLP Cat 10544-013i y Cat 10483-014. Disponible en: www.invitrogene.com
JASVIR SINGH; SELVAN MT; VARADARASAN S; SINGH J. 1997. Biology of cardamom defoliator, Attacus atlas Linn. (Saturniidae). Journal of Insect Science. 10: 2, 189-190.
JOSEPH, K.J.; NARENDRAN, T.C.; HAQ, M.A. 1983. Outbreak of hairy catterpillars (Eupterote spp.) as serious pests of cardamom in the Mackimalai area of South India and recommendations for their integrated management. Tropical Pest Management (UK). V. 29(2) p. 166-172.
KARP, A.; KRESOVICH, S.; BHAT, K.V.; AYAD, W.G. and T. HODGKIN. 1997. Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies. IPGRI Technical Bulletin N° 2.
KOVACH, WL. 1999. MVSP – A Multi Variate Statistical Package for Windows, vers. 3.1 Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth, Wales, U.K. p 44-49.
KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S. 1995. Economics of sustained production of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.) Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 4(2) p. 119-128.
KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S. 1997. Rapid clonal multiplication of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum): technique and economics Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences (India). V. 19(4) p. 994-999.
KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; MULGE, R.; HOSMANI, M.M. 1997. Preliminary evaluation of elite clones of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) for yield and yield parameters in clonal nursery. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 6(1) p. 37-41.
KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; MULGE, R. 1998. Assessment of elite cardamom lines for dry matter distribution and harvest index. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences (India). V. 20(1) p. 28-31.
KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; RAO, G.; HIREMATH, G.M. 2000. Performance of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón) under low elevation and assured irrigation conditions. Journal of Plantation Crops (India). V. 28(3) p. 201-207.
KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; RAO, G.; HIREMATH, G.M. 2002. Cultivation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) in valley bottoms under evergreen forest shade. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences (India). V. 24(1) p. 53-59.
KRAFT T; HANSEN M; NILSSON NO. 2000. Linkage disequilibrium and fingerprinting in sugar beet. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 101: 3, 323-326.
KUBO, I.; HIMEJIMA, M.; MUROI, H. 1991. Antimicrobial activity of flavor components of cardamom Elettaria cardamomum (Zingiberaceae) seed Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (USA). V. 39(11) p. 1984-1986.
KUMAR, K.B.; KUMAR, P.P.; BALACHANDRAN, S.M.; IYER, R.D. 1985. Development of clonal plantlets from immature panicles of cardamom. Journal of Plantation Crops (India). V. 13(1) p. 31-34.
LANG, F., 1983. La flor, polinización y polinizadores del cardamomo en Cobán, Alta Verapaz. En: Tikalia. Rev. de la Facultad de Agronomía. Guatemala. Vol. 2 No. 2.
LEMUS, O. 2003. Verde Verde…Verapaz, Año 2 N° 2 Abril 2003. Guatemala. Pag. 5-8.
LÜTTMANN N.T. 1985. El cardamomo y su cultivo. Artemis y Edinter. Talleres de litografías modernas. Guatemala. 83 pgs.
MATHEW MJ; VENUGOPAL MN; SAJU KA. 1999. First record of some entomogenous fungi on cardamom aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii van der Goot (Homoptera: Aphididae). Insect Environment. 4: 4, 147-148.
MENDOZA RODRÍGUEZ MF; CERVERA GOY MT; CABEZAS MARTINEZ JA; LUIS –CENIS J; MARTINEZ ZAPATER JM. 2001. Application of AFLP and SAMPL markers to genetic identification of Citrus species and varieties. - Utilización de marcadores AFLP y SAMPL en la identificación genética de especies y variedades de cítricos. Biotecnología-Vegetal. 1: 1, 11-16.
MEKSEM K., LEISTER D., PELEMAN J., ZABEAU M., SALAMINI F. 1995. A high- resolution map of the vicinity of the R1 locus on chromosome V of potato based on RFLP and AFLP markers. Mol. Gen Genet. 249: 74-81.
MOHAN, M.S. 1986. Bee-hive management for pollination. Planters' Chronicle (India).v. 81(2) p. 60-61.
MOSS, D. W. 1982. Isoenzymes. Capman & Hall, London & New Cork. Citado por: Ferreira, M.E. y Grattapaglia, D. 1998. Introducción al uso de marcadores moleculares en el análisis genético. EMBRAPA, Brasil.
MOYA, L. y LEMARIE, L. 1993. Estudio del aceite esencial de cardamomo. Politécnica. Escuela Politécnica Nacional de Ecuador. Volumen 18 No. 2. pg. 110-122.
MUNIAPPAN, R. 1993. Pests and diseases of Erythrina: a review. Journal of Coffee Research (India). V. 23(1) p. 1-13.
NAGANATHAN, T.G.; REGUPATHY, A.; KUMARESAN, D. 1983. Efficacy of certain insecticides in controlling the cardamom stem borer Dichocrocis punctiferalis Pesticides (India). V. 17(6) p. 22-23
NAIDU, R. 1981. Morphology, parasitism and epidemiology of Phyllosticta elettariae Chowdhury causing nursery leaf spot disease of cardamom Journal-of- Plantation-Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 23-27.
NAIDU, R. 1986. "Katte" disease of small cardamom and its management. Technical Bulletin Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (India). 1986, N°. 11, 6 p.
NAIR. G. K. 1999. The Bussiness Line. ICRI spots high-yielding large cardamom clones.
NARVAEZ., R.C.; VALENZUELA, J.; MUÑOZ, C. y HINRICHSEN P. 2000. Comparación de RAPD y AFLP como métodos de identificación genética de Vid basados en el estudio de fragmentos genómicos anónimos. Agricultura técnica (Chile) 60 (4): 320-340. Octubre diciembre.
PATTANSHETTI and A.B.N. P ASAD. 1973. Con Res. 256 citado por Chandran K. et al. Studies on the role of honeybees in the pollination of cardamom. Proc. Second International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates. New Delly. 1980.
PATIL DV; KURUVILLA KM; MADHUSOODANAN KJ; MATHEW NM (ED.); KURUVILLA JACOB C (ED.); LICY J (ED.); JOSEPH T (ED.); MEENATTOOR JR (ED.); THOMAS KK. 1998. Correlation studies in small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton). Developments in plantation crops research. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Plantation Crops, PLACROSYM XII, Kottayam, India, 27-29 November 1996. 1998, 16-19. Allied Publishers Ltd; New Delhi; India.
PHILLIPS - MORA, W.; RODRÍGUEZ H.; FRITZ, PJ. 1995. Marcadores de ADN: teoría, aplicaciones y protocolos de trabajo. Unidad de biotecnología CATIE. Costa Rica. 183 pg.
PILLAI,-G.B.; ABRAHAM,-V.A. 1978. Field evaluation of some insecticides in control of cardamom thrips Sciothrips cardamomi Ramakrishna (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Pesticides (India). V. 12(1) p. 32-33.
POWELL W., MORGANTE M., ANDRE CH., HANAFEY M., VOGEL J., TINGEY S. and RAFLASKY A. 1996. The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis. Molecular breeding 2: 225-238.
POZZI C., PIETRO D HALAS G, ROIG C and SALAMINI F. 2003. Integration of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) molecular linkage map with the position of genetic loci hosting 29 developmental mutants. Heredity. V. 90, N° 5 pg. 390-396.
PROMEGA, 2000. Silver SequenceTM DNA. Sequencing system. Technical Manual # 023 24 pp. Disponible en http: // www.promega.com
RAJAN, P. 1981. Biology of Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii van der Goot, vector of "katte" disease of cardamom. Journal of Plantation Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 34- 41.
ROA. A.C., MAYA, M.M.; DUQUE, M.C.; TOHME, J.; ALLEM, A.C. and BONIERBALE, M.W. 1997. AFLP analysis of relationships among cassava and other Manihot species. Theor Appl Genet (1997) 95: 741-750
SAJINA, A.; MINI, P.M.; JOHN, C.Z.; BABU, K.N.; RAVINDRAN, P.N.; PETER, K.V. 1997. Micropropagation of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 6(2) p. 145-148.
SELVAKUMARAN S; DAVID BV; KUMARESAN D. 1998. Biology of the whitefly, Kanakarajiella cardamomi (David & Subramaniam) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on cardamom. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems. 4: 2, 89-92.
SHARMA, P.; MEHTA, U. 1995. Fluoride content of some common Indian food items. 2. Spices, salts and beverages. Journal of Horticultural Sciences (India). V. 24(3- 4), special issue, p. 311-314.
SHARMA, S.K.; KNOX, M. R. AND ELLIS, T. H. 1996. AFLP analysis of the diversity and philogeny of lens and its comparison with RAPD analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 93: 751-758.
SHIM SI; JORGENSEN RB. 2000. Genetic structure in cultivated and wild carrots (Daucus carota L.) revealed by AFLP analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2000, 101: 1-2, 227-233.
SIDDAPPAJI et al. 1985. Role of honeybees in the pollination of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. Indian Bee Journal, 47; 12-13.
SMITH,-E.S.C. 1977. The cardamom mirid (Ragwelellus horvathi) Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal (Papua New Guinea). V. 28(2-4) p. 97-101.
TAMAYO y USUGA, 1993-2001. Trabajo de selección de plantas para programa de multiplicación in vitro, datos sin publicar. Jericó - Antioquia - Colombia.
TAMAYO, C . 1993-2001. Observaciones según experiencia de campo con el cultivo de cardamomo, datos sin publicar. Jericó- Antioquia - Colombia.
TAE-HO H., DE JEU M., VAN ECK H and JACOBSEN E. 2000. Genetic diversity of Chilean and Brazilian Alstroemeria species assessed by AFLP analysis. Heredity. V. 84. N° 5. pg. 564-569.
THYAGARAJ NE; CHAKRAVARTHY AK. 1999. Effect of different levels of NPK on shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) infestation on small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton). Insect Environment. 4: 4, 139-140.
TOHME J., GONZALEZ O., BEEBE S. AND DUQUE M. 1996. AFLP analysis of gene pools of a wild bean core collection. Crop Sci. 36. 1375-1384.
VENUGOPAL, MN; MATHEW MJ; DASGUPTA MK. 2000. Integrated management of viral diseases of cardamom. Diseases of plantation crops, spices, betelvine and mulberry. 106-110; 35 ref. (Institute of Agriculture), India.
VOS P., HOGERS R., BLEEKER M., REIJANS M., VANN DE LEE T., HORNES M., FRIJTERS A., POT J., PELEMAN J., KUIPER M. AND ZABEAU M. 1995. AFLP, a new technique for DAN fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research,. Vol. 23, No.21 4407- 4414. Oxford University Press.
WILSON, K.I.; SASI, P.S.; MATHEW, J. 1979. Fusarium capsule disease of cardamom. Current Science (India). V. 48(22) p. 1005.
WILSON, K.I.; SASI, P.S.; RAJAGOPALAN, B. 1979. Damping off of cardamom caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Current Science (India). V. 48(8) p. 364.
ZAPATA, J. L. 2000. C.I. Apex Ltda. Información recopilada de Banco de Guatemala. Registros de producción 1985 – 1997; Estimativos de Sri Lanka. Testimonio de clientes; Estadísticas Incremento Poblacional de la ONU. 1998.
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv xiv, 75 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.city.none.fl_str_mv Jericó, Antioquia, Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnología
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/1/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/3/Licencia%2043510134.2003.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/2/43510134.2003.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/4/43510134.2003.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a
a5d044f8a841f3cc72dd76db5f63e6ef
2e5cdf4f1ab965f31c2683b1c899a618
432de774827e19a5c6ca117ad9912d59
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1814089737110028288
spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Afanador Kafuri, Lucia72fabc9e72c517d3310d455914c0fb76Tamayo Domínguez, Ana Cristinae67176dea4588e9f2032677b0f2488acReyes S., CarlosHoyos S., RodrigoTamayo Domínguez, Ana Cristina [0000-0003-0004-732X]Afanador Kafuri, Lucia [0000-0002-9538-4515]2023-08-28T16:22:02Z2023-08-28T16:22:02Z2003https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84604Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustracionesEn los últimos años, el cultivo de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- ha tomado gran importancia en Colombia, convirtiéndose en una alternativa laboral y económica en zonas rurales; en generador de divisas y potencial de diversificación agrícola en zonas cafeteras, donde las plantaciones de cardamomo se han acogido con gran entusiasmo, por las condiciones climáticas favorables y debido a la crisis en la caficultura nacional. En el municipio de Jericó, el cultivo de cardamomo se ha propagado a través de 17 años, por diferentes métodos vía sexual y asexual, lo cual ha conducido a una gran heterogeneidad morfológica. Los genotipos iniciales utilizados como base para el programa de mejoramiento genético de este cultivo, fueron tomados de otras zonas del departamento de Antioquia y de Costa Rica, y actualmente están representados en materiales mejorados y en materiales comunes, los cuales tienen características deseables e indeseables de acuerdo con los estándares de calidad a nivel internacional e incluso presentan características agronómicas de gran interés. El material vegetal del cultivo ha tenido proceso de selección recurrente y posteriormente selección clonal. En ese proceso, se han realizado introducciones de plantas de otras zonas, selección de materiales, hibridación, conservación de progenie y multiplicación in vitro. Las investigaciones con estos genotipos colombianos toman mucha importancia debido a su alta productividad comparada con otros países y con las cifras promedias nacionales, los materiales mejorados tienen un promedio de producción entre ellos de 5.4 kilos secos/ planta/ año frente a los comunes que producen 1.2 kilos secos/ planta/ año. Con el propósito de evaluar la variabilidad genética entre los genotipos de cardamomo seleccionados se utilizaron marcadores moleculares tipo AFLP. Se analizaron un total de 15 accesiones compuestas por nueve de los materiales mejorados, tres comunes, dos intermedios, y uno silvestre, utilizando para ello 11 combinaciones de primers EcoRI- MseI. Se generaron y analizaron un total de 100 marcadores AFLP informativos. El análisis de agrupamiento se realizó mediante la construcción de matrices de datos utilizando el programa MVSP –Multi Variate Statistical Package- (Kovach, 1999), y el coeficiente de similitud de Jaccard para generar el dendrograma. El método UPGMA - Unweighted Pair Group Method of Aritmetic Means- (Bhat et al, 1995), fue utilizado para el análisis estadístico de los resultados. Las combinaciones EcoRI y MseI que más bandas polimórficas presentaron fueron EACC/MCTC y EACC/MCTA ambas con 12 fragmentos polimórficos. Los genotipos de cardamomo seleccionados en el municipio de Jericó muestran un agrupamiento entre ellos donde se incluyen 7 de los 9 materiales mejorados, con una marcada diferencia contra los materiales intermedios, comunes y el silvestre, separándose incluso del material de Costa Rica. (Textro tomdo de la fuente)In recent years, the planting of cardamom -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- has become very important in Colombia, developing into a viable form of work and an economic alternative in rural areas. It has begun generating income and potential agricultural diversification in coffee growing regions where cardamom plantations had originally been developed because of the excellent weather conditions and as a result of the national coffee production crisis. In the municipality of Jericó, the cardamom crop has been propagated over the past 17 years by both sexual and asexual methods, which, as a result, has produced a great morphological heterogeneity. The original agricultural genotypes utilized in this program of genetic improvement were acquired from other areas within the Department of Antioquia and from Costa Rica. These materials are currently represented in both the improved and common varieties, which have both desirable and undesirable characteristics dependant on international quality standards. They also present agricultural characteristics of great interest. The vegetable material of the crop has undergone a constant process of selection and a post-cloning selection. Throughout this process, introduction of plant samples from other zones, selection of materials, hybridization, conservation of progeny, and in- vitro multiplication have all taken place. Because of their high rate of productivity compared to those of other countries and also the national average, research with these particular Colombian cardamom genotypes is becoming very important. The improved varieties have an average production of about 5.4 kg dry/plant/year in contrast to the common varieties that produce 1.2 kg dry/plant/year. To evaluate the genetic variability among selected cardamom genotypes, molecular markers (type AFLP) were used. A total of 15 accessions comprised of nine improved varieties, three common ones, two intermediary ones, and one wild one were analyzed, utilizing 11 combinations EcoRI-MseI primers. 100 informative AFLP Markers were generated and analyzed. The grouping analysis was accomplished through the creation of data matrices using the MSVP program -Multi Variate Statistical Package- (Kovach, 1999), and using the Jaccard’s similitude coefficient to generate a dendrogram. The UPGM -Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means- (Bhat et al, 1995) method was used for the statistical analysis of the results. The EcoRI and MseI combinations that presented more polymorphic bands were EACC/MCTA both with 12 each. The selected cardamom genotypes selected from the municipality of Jericó show a strong grouping tendency among them, in which 7 of the 9 improved varieties are included, which indicates a significant difference from the intermediary, common, and wild materials, and even from the Costa Rican material.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - BiotecnologíaÁrea Curricular Biotecnologíaxiv, 75 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - BiotecnologíaFacultad de CienciasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantaciónIndustria del cardamomoCultivo de cardamomoCardamom industryCardamomoVariabilidad genéticaElettaria cardamomumAFLPCardamomGenetic variabilityCaracterización molecular de materiales seleccionados de cardamomo -Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón)- Utilizando Marcadores AFLPMolecular characterization of selected cardamom materials -Elettaria Cardamomum L. (Matón)- Using AFLP MarkersTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMJericó, Antioquia, ColombiaRedColLaReferenciaADEL ZMB; SIHAM MMF; AHMED TME; BARAKAT SMM. 2002. Application of some spices in flavoring and preservation of cookies: 2-antimicrobial and sensory properties of cardamom, cinnamon and clove. Deutsche-Lebensmittel- Rundschau. 2002, 98: 7, 261-265.ALAGIANAGALINGAM, M.N.; KANDASWAMY, T.K. 1981. Control of capsule rot and rhizome rot of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Salisb) Madras Agricultural Journal (India). V. 68(8) p. 554-557.ANAND T; GOVINDARAJU C; SUDHARSHAN MR; SREENIVASULU P. 1998. Epidemiology of vein-clearing disease of small cardamom. Indian Journal of Virology. 1998, 14: 2, 105-109.ANTHONY F., QUIROS O., TOPART P., BERTRAN B., LASHERMES P. 2002. Detection by simple secuency repeat market of introgresion from Coffea canephora in Coffea arabiga cultivar. Plant breeding 121, 1-3 (2002).AROMATHERAPY & Essential oils. Information about the essential oils. Disponible en www.naturaloil.com. Mayo 2000, Revisado agosto 2003.ASTORGA C., O. QUIROS. 2003. Protocolos de amplificación de ADN para las técnicas de RAPD, SSR y AFLP para el estudio genético de la diversidad de las plantas cultivadas. Unidad de recursos fitogenéticos y biotecnología. CATIE. Costa Rica.BADEI AZM; EL AKEL ATM; FAHEID SMM; MAHMOUD BSM. 2002. Application of some spices in flavoring and preservation of cookies: 1-antioxidant properties of cardamom, cinnamon and clove. Deutsche-Lebensmittel-Rundschau. 98: 5, 176183.BABU, K.N., GEETHA, S.P. MINOO, D.; RAVINDRAN P.N. and PETER, K.V. 1999. In vitro conservation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón) germoplasma. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. N° 119: 41-45.BARRETT, B. 1995. Commentary: plants, pesticides and production in Guatemala. Nutrition, health and nontraditional agriculture. Ecology of Food and Nutrition (USA). V. 33(4) p. 293-309.BECERRA, V. y PAREDES M. 2000. Uso de marcadores bioquímicos y moleculares en estudios de diversidad genética; Agricultura Técnica Chile. 60 (3):270-281. Sep 2000.BHAT K.V., LAKHANPAUL S., CHANDEL K.P.S., and Jarret R.L. 1995. Molecular markers for characterization and identification of genetic resources of perennial crops. Molecular genetic techniques for plant genetic resources. IPGRI. Pg. 107- 127.CATIE, 2003. Manual de presentación del Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza – CATIE-. Costa Rica. Pg. 26CHANDRAN K. et al, 1983. Studies on the role of honeybees in the pollination of cardamom. Proc. 2nd International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates. New Delly.CHAKRAVARTHY AK; SRIHARI K; THYAGARAJ NE; NAGARAJU S; REDDY PP (ED.);KUMAR NKK (ED.); VERGHESE A. 1998. Rodent pest management in cardamom with cultural practices. Advances in IPM for horticultural crops. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: environmental implications and thrusts, Bangalore, India, 15-17 October 1997. pg. 188-194.CHAUDHARY, O.P.; KUMAR, R. 2000. Studies on honeybee foraging and pollination in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 37-42.CHAUDHURY, R.; CHANDEL, K.P.S. 1995. Studies on germination and cryopreservation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón) seeds. Seed Science and Technology (Switzerland). V. 23(1) p. 235-240.CONN, E.; STUMPF, P; BRUENNING, G y DOI, R. 1998. Bioquímica fundamental. Universidad de California Davis. Limusa Noriega editores. México. Pg 178.CUMMINGS, M. y W. KLUG. 1999. Conceptos de genética. 5ª edición, Prentice Hall. 814 pgs.DROOGENBROECK B VAN; BREYNE P; GOETGHEBEUR P; ROMEIJN PEETERS E; KYNDT T; GHEYSEN G; VAN DROOGENBROECK B. 2002. AFLP analysis of genetic relationships among papaya and its wild relatives (Caricaceae) from Ecuador. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 105: 2-3, 289-297.DUBEY AK; YADAV DS. 2001. Comparative performance of different varieties of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) under mid altitude of Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops. 10: 2, 119-122.ELIAS M., PANAUD O. and ROBERT T. 2000. Assessment of genetic variability in a traditional Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) farming system, using AFLP markers. Heredity. V. 85. N° 3 pg. 219-230.FERREIRA, M.E. y GRATTAPAGLIA, D. 1998. Introducción al uso de marcadores moleculares en el análisis genético. EMBRAPA, Brasil.GEETHA, S.P.; BABU, K.N.; REMA, J.; RAVINDRAN, P.N.; PETER, K.V. 2000. Isolation of protoplasts from cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 23-30.GILLIES, A.C.; CORNELIUS, J.P.; NEWTON, A.C.; NAVARRO, C.; HERNANDEZ, M. y WILSON, J. . 1997. Genetic variation in Costa Rican populations of the tropical timber species Cedrela odorata L., assessed using RAPDs. Molecular Plant Ecology: 6, 1133-1145.GOVINDARAJU C; THOMAS J; SUDARSHAN MR; MATHEW NM (ED.); KURUVILLA JACOB C (ED.); LICY J (ED.); JOSEPH T (ED.); MEENATTOOR JR (ED.); THOMAS KK. 1998. “Chenthal” disease of cardamom caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz and its management. Developments in plantation crops research. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Plantation Crops, PLACROSYM XII, Kottayam, India, 27-29 November 1996., 255-259. Allied Publishers Ltd; New Delhi; India.GRIFFITHS, A, GELBART, W, MILLAR, J, LEWONTIN, R, 1999. Genética Moderna. Editorial Mc Graw-Hill. Pg. 342-346.HARRIS, S.A. 1996. Molecular analysis of forest tree biodiversity: a selection of practical protocols. Oxford, England. 47 p. Modificado por W. Phillips. Enero 23 de 1998.HILL, M. ; WITSENBOER, H. ; ZABEAU, M.; VOS, P. ; KESSELI. R. AND MICHELMORE, R. 1996. PCR-based fingerprinting using AFLPs as a tool for studying genetic relationships in Lactuca spp. Theor. Appl. Genetic. 93.: 1202-1210.HILLIS, D, MORITZ, C, MABLE, B, 1996. Molecular Systematics. Second Edition. Sinauer Associates, USA. Pg 205-247.ICTA. 1990. Spice plants. Mac MIllan Education ltd. The Tropical Agriculturalist. London.ITOIZ. R. et al, 1997. Aplicación de los RAPD a la identificación de manzano en bancos de germoplasma. Dpto. Producción Agraria. Univ. Pública de Navarra. Campus Arrosadía s/n. 31006 Pamplona. Navarra.INVITROGENE de Life Technologies. 2003. Protocolos de AFLP Cat 10544-013i y Cat 10483-014. Disponible en: www.invitrogene.comJASVIR SINGH; SELVAN MT; VARADARASAN S; SINGH J. 1997. Biology of cardamom defoliator, Attacus atlas Linn. (Saturniidae). Journal of Insect Science. 10: 2, 189-190.JOSEPH, K.J.; NARENDRAN, T.C.; HAQ, M.A. 1983. Outbreak of hairy catterpillars (Eupterote spp.) as serious pests of cardamom in the Mackimalai area of South India and recommendations for their integrated management. Tropical Pest Management (UK). V. 29(2) p. 166-172.KARP, A.; KRESOVICH, S.; BHAT, K.V.; AYAD, W.G. and T. HODGKIN. 1997. Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies. IPGRI Technical Bulletin N° 2.KOVACH, WL. 1999. MVSP – A Multi Variate Statistical Package for Windows, vers. 3.1 Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth, Wales, U.K. p 44-49.KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S. 1995. Economics of sustained production of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.) Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 4(2) p. 119-128.KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S. 1997. Rapid clonal multiplication of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum): technique and economics Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences (India). V. 19(4) p. 994-999.KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; MULGE, R.; HOSMANI, M.M. 1997. Preliminary evaluation of elite clones of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) for yield and yield parameters in clonal nursery. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 6(1) p. 37-41.KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; MULGE, R. 1998. Assessment of elite cardamom lines for dry matter distribution and harvest index. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences (India). V. 20(1) p. 28-31.KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; RAO, G.; HIREMATH, G.M. 2000. Performance of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Matón) under low elevation and assured irrigation conditions. Journal of Plantation Crops (India). V. 28(3) p. 201-207.KORIKANTHIMATH, V.S.; RAO, G.; HIREMATH, G.M. 2002. Cultivation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) in valley bottoms under evergreen forest shade. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences (India). V. 24(1) p. 53-59.KRAFT T; HANSEN M; NILSSON NO. 2000. Linkage disequilibrium and fingerprinting in sugar beet. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 101: 3, 323-326.KUBO, I.; HIMEJIMA, M.; MUROI, H. 1991. Antimicrobial activity of flavor components of cardamom Elettaria cardamomum (Zingiberaceae) seed Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (USA). V. 39(11) p. 1984-1986.KUMAR, K.B.; KUMAR, P.P.; BALACHANDRAN, S.M.; IYER, R.D. 1985. Development of clonal plantlets from immature panicles of cardamom. Journal of Plantation Crops (India). V. 13(1) p. 31-34.LANG, F., 1983. La flor, polinización y polinizadores del cardamomo en Cobán, Alta Verapaz. En: Tikalia. Rev. de la Facultad de Agronomía. Guatemala. Vol. 2 No. 2.LEMUS, O. 2003. Verde Verde…Verapaz, Año 2 N° 2 Abril 2003. Guatemala. Pag. 5-8.LÜTTMANN N.T. 1985. El cardamomo y su cultivo. Artemis y Edinter. Talleres de litografías modernas. Guatemala. 83 pgs.MATHEW MJ; VENUGOPAL MN; SAJU KA. 1999. First record of some entomogenous fungi on cardamom aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii van der Goot (Homoptera: Aphididae). Insect Environment. 4: 4, 147-148.MENDOZA RODRÍGUEZ MF; CERVERA GOY MT; CABEZAS MARTINEZ JA; LUIS –CENIS J; MARTINEZ ZAPATER JM. 2001. Application of AFLP and SAMPL markers to genetic identification of Citrus species and varieties. - Utilización de marcadores AFLP y SAMPL en la identificación genética de especies y variedades de cítricos. Biotecnología-Vegetal. 1: 1, 11-16.MEKSEM K., LEISTER D., PELEMAN J., ZABEAU M., SALAMINI F. 1995. A high- resolution map of the vicinity of the R1 locus on chromosome V of potato based on RFLP and AFLP markers. Mol. Gen Genet. 249: 74-81.MOHAN, M.S. 1986. Bee-hive management for pollination. Planters' Chronicle (India).v. 81(2) p. 60-61.MOSS, D. W. 1982. Isoenzymes. Capman & Hall, London & New Cork. Citado por: Ferreira, M.E. y Grattapaglia, D. 1998. Introducción al uso de marcadores moleculares en el análisis genético. EMBRAPA, Brasil.MOYA, L. y LEMARIE, L. 1993. Estudio del aceite esencial de cardamomo. Politécnica. Escuela Politécnica Nacional de Ecuador. Volumen 18 No. 2. pg. 110-122.MUNIAPPAN, R. 1993. Pests and diseases of Erythrina: a review. Journal of Coffee Research (India). V. 23(1) p. 1-13.NAGANATHAN, T.G.; REGUPATHY, A.; KUMARESAN, D. 1983. Efficacy of certain insecticides in controlling the cardamom stem borer Dichocrocis punctiferalis Pesticides (India). V. 17(6) p. 22-23NAIDU, R. 1981. Morphology, parasitism and epidemiology of Phyllosticta elettariae Chowdhury causing nursery leaf spot disease of cardamom Journal-of- Plantation-Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 23-27.NAIDU, R. 1986. "Katte" disease of small cardamom and its management. Technical Bulletin Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (India). 1986, N°. 11, 6 p.NAIR. G. K. 1999. The Bussiness Line. ICRI spots high-yielding large cardamom clones.NARVAEZ., R.C.; VALENZUELA, J.; MUÑOZ, C. y HINRICHSEN P. 2000. Comparación de RAPD y AFLP como métodos de identificación genética de Vid basados en el estudio de fragmentos genómicos anónimos. Agricultura técnica (Chile) 60 (4): 320-340. Octubre diciembre.PATTANSHETTI and A.B.N. P ASAD. 1973. Con Res. 256 citado por Chandran K. et al. Studies on the role of honeybees in the pollination of cardamom. Proc. Second International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates. New Delly. 1980.PATIL DV; KURUVILLA KM; MADHUSOODANAN KJ; MATHEW NM (ED.); KURUVILLA JACOB C (ED.); LICY J (ED.); JOSEPH T (ED.); MEENATTOOR JR (ED.); THOMAS KK. 1998. Correlation studies in small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton). Developments in plantation crops research. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Plantation Crops, PLACROSYM XII, Kottayam, India, 27-29 November 1996. 1998, 16-19. Allied Publishers Ltd; New Delhi; India.PHILLIPS - MORA, W.; RODRÍGUEZ H.; FRITZ, PJ. 1995. Marcadores de ADN: teoría, aplicaciones y protocolos de trabajo. Unidad de biotecnología CATIE. Costa Rica. 183 pg.PILLAI,-G.B.; ABRAHAM,-V.A. 1978. Field evaluation of some insecticides in control of cardamom thrips Sciothrips cardamomi Ramakrishna (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Pesticides (India). V. 12(1) p. 32-33.POWELL W., MORGANTE M., ANDRE CH., HANAFEY M., VOGEL J., TINGEY S. and RAFLASKY A. 1996. The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis. Molecular breeding 2: 225-238.POZZI C., PIETRO D HALAS G, ROIG C and SALAMINI F. 2003. Integration of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) molecular linkage map with the position of genetic loci hosting 29 developmental mutants. Heredity. V. 90, N° 5 pg. 390-396.PROMEGA, 2000. Silver SequenceTM DNA. Sequencing system. Technical Manual # 023 24 pp. Disponible en http: // www.promega.comRAJAN, P. 1981. Biology of Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii van der Goot, vector of "katte" disease of cardamom. Journal of Plantation Crops (India). V. 9(1) p. 34- 41.ROA. A.C., MAYA, M.M.; DUQUE, M.C.; TOHME, J.; ALLEM, A.C. and BONIERBALE, M.W. 1997. AFLP analysis of relationships among cassava and other Manihot species. Theor Appl Genet (1997) 95: 741-750SAJINA, A.; MINI, P.M.; JOHN, C.Z.; BABU, K.N.; RAVINDRAN, P.N.; PETER, K.V. 1997. Micropropagation of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops (India). V. 6(2) p. 145-148.SELVAKUMARAN S; DAVID BV; KUMARESAN D. 1998. Biology of the whitefly, Kanakarajiella cardamomi (David & Subramaniam) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on cardamom. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems. 4: 2, 89-92.SHARMA, P.; MEHTA, U. 1995. Fluoride content of some common Indian food items. 2. Spices, salts and beverages. Journal of Horticultural Sciences (India). V. 24(3- 4), special issue, p. 311-314.SHARMA, S.K.; KNOX, M. R. AND ELLIS, T. H. 1996. AFLP analysis of the diversity and philogeny of lens and its comparison with RAPD analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 93: 751-758.SHIM SI; JORGENSEN RB. 2000. Genetic structure in cultivated and wild carrots (Daucus carota L.) revealed by AFLP analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2000, 101: 1-2, 227-233.SIDDAPPAJI et al. 1985. Role of honeybees in the pollination of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. Indian Bee Journal, 47; 12-13.SMITH,-E.S.C. 1977. The cardamom mirid (Ragwelellus horvathi) Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal (Papua New Guinea). V. 28(2-4) p. 97-101.TAMAYO y USUGA, 1993-2001. Trabajo de selección de plantas para programa de multiplicación in vitro, datos sin publicar. Jericó - Antioquia - Colombia.TAMAYO, C . 1993-2001. Observaciones según experiencia de campo con el cultivo de cardamomo, datos sin publicar. Jericó- Antioquia - Colombia.TAE-HO H., DE JEU M., VAN ECK H and JACOBSEN E. 2000. Genetic diversity of Chilean and Brazilian Alstroemeria species assessed by AFLP analysis. Heredity. V. 84. N° 5. pg. 564-569.THYAGARAJ NE; CHAKRAVARTHY AK. 1999. Effect of different levels of NPK on shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) infestation on small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton). Insect Environment. 4: 4, 139-140.TOHME J., GONZALEZ O., BEEBE S. AND DUQUE M. 1996. AFLP analysis of gene pools of a wild bean core collection. Crop Sci. 36. 1375-1384.VENUGOPAL, MN; MATHEW MJ; DASGUPTA MK. 2000. Integrated management of viral diseases of cardamom. Diseases of plantation crops, spices, betelvine and mulberry. 106-110; 35 ref. (Institute of Agriculture), India.VOS P., HOGERS R., BLEEKER M., REIJANS M., VANN DE LEE T., HORNES M., FRIJTERS A., POT J., PELEMAN J., KUIPER M. AND ZABEAU M. 1995. AFLP, a new technique for DAN fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research,. Vol. 23, No.21 4407- 4414. Oxford University Press.WILSON, K.I.; SASI, P.S.; MATHEW, J. 1979. Fusarium capsule disease of cardamom. Current Science (India). V. 48(22) p. 1005.WILSON, K.I.; SASI, P.S.; RAJAGOPALAN, B. 1979. Damping off of cardamom caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Current Science (India). V. 48(8) p. 364.ZAPATA, J. L. 2000. C.I. Apex Ltda. Información recopilada de Banco de Guatemala. Registros de producción 1985 – 1997; Estimativos de Sri Lanka. Testimonio de clientes; Estadísticas Incremento Poblacional de la ONU. 1998.EstudiantesInvestigadoresMaestrosLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51Licencia 43510134.2003.pdfLicencia 43510134.2003.pdfapplication/pdf164852https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/3/Licencia%2043510134.2003.pdfa5d044f8a841f3cc72dd76db5f63e6efMD53ORIGINAL43510134.2003.pdf43510134.2003.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnológiaapplication/pdf1816700https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/2/43510134.2003.pdf2e5cdf4f1ab965f31c2683b1c899a618MD52THUMBNAIL43510134.2003.pdf.jpg43510134.2003.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5080https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84604/4/43510134.2003.pdf.jpg432de774827e19a5c6ca117ad9912d59MD54unal/84604oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/846042023-08-28 23:04:24.12Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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

Publicaciones similares