Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia

ilustraciones

Autores:
Lemus Espitia, Ingrid
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83339
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83339
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
610 - Medicina y salud::618 - Ginecología, obstetricia, pediatría, geriatría
370 - Educación::378 - Educación superior (Educación terciaria)
Neuroinfección
Aprendizaje
Capacitación
Neuroinfection
Learning
Training
Modelo educacional
Aprendizaje en línea
Educational models
Electronic learning
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_5575b33c81cd8828b6802e64ed736286
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/83339
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Pedagogical strategy for teaching central nervous system infection in medical students and residents of pediatrics and neuropediatrics at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia
title Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
spellingShingle Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
610 - Medicina y salud::618 - Ginecología, obstetricia, pediatría, geriatría
370 - Educación::378 - Educación superior (Educación terciaria)
Neuroinfección
Aprendizaje
Capacitación
Neuroinfection
Learning
Training
Modelo educacional
Aprendizaje en línea
Educational models
Electronic learning
title_short Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
title_full Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
title_fullStr Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
title_sort Estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Lemus Espitia, Ingrid
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Camacho, Germán
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Lemus Espitia, Ingrid
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Lemus Espitia, Ingrid [0000-0002-9665-7810]
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 610 - Medicina y salud::618 - Ginecología, obstetricia, pediatría, geriatría
370 - Educación::378 - Educación superior (Educación terciaria)
topic 610 - Medicina y salud::618 - Ginecología, obstetricia, pediatría, geriatría
370 - Educación::378 - Educación superior (Educación terciaria)
Neuroinfección
Aprendizaje
Capacitación
Neuroinfection
Learning
Training
Modelo educacional
Aprendizaje en línea
Educational models
Electronic learning
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Neuroinfección
Aprendizaje
Capacitación
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Neuroinfection
Learning
Training
dc.subject.unesco.spa.fl_str_mv Modelo educacional
Aprendizaje en línea
dc.subject.unesco.eng.fl_str_mv Educational models
Electronic learning
description ilustraciones
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-02-06T21:00:56Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-02-06T21:00:56Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-01
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Especialidad Médica
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83339
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83339
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Colombia. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Protocolo de Vigilancia en Salud Pública de Meningitis bacteriana y Enfermedad meningocócica. versión 4. [Internet] 2022. https://doi.org/10.33610/infoeventos.47
2. Visintin, C., et al. “Management of Bacterial Meningitis and Meningococcal Septicaemia in Children and Young People: Summary of NICE Guidance.” BMJ, vol. 340, no. jun28 1, 28 June 2010, pp. c3209–c3209, 10.1136/bmj.c3209. Accessed 17 Nov. 2020.
3. Alkema, Leontine, and Danzhen You. “Child Mortality Estimation: A Comparison of UN IGME and IHME Estimates of Levels and Trends in Under-Five Mortality Rates and Deaths.” PLoS Medicine, vol. 9, no. 8, 28 Aug. 2012, p. e1001288, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001288. Accessed 26 Nov. 2019.
4. Edmond, Karen, et al. “Global and Regional Risk of Disabling Sequelae from Bacterial Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 10, no. 5, May 2010, pp. 317–328, 10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70048-7. Accessed 20 Apr. 2020.
5. Wallace, E, et al. “The Epidemiology of Malpractice Claims in Primary Care: A Systematic Review.” BMJ Open, vol. 3, no. 7, June 2013, p. e002929, 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002929. 6. Strouse J. Sickle cell disease [Internet]. 1st ed. Vol. 138, Handbook of clinical neurology. Elsevier B.V.; 2016. 311-324 p
7. Chow, F. C., et al. “Opinion and Special Articles: An Interdisciplinary Neuroinfectious Diseases Clinic to Improve Patient Care and Training.” Neurology, vol. 84, no. 1, 29 Dec. 2014, pp. e1–e4, 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001097. Accessed 1 May 2022.
8. Nath, Avindra. “Neuroinfectious Diseases.” JAMA Neurology, vol. 72, no. 2, 1 Feb. 2015, p. 143, 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3442. Accessed 2 June 2019.
9. Chase, Thomas J. G., et al. “Mobile Learning in Medicine: An Evaluation of Attitudes and Behaviours of Medical Students.” BMC Medical Education, vol. 18, no. 1, 27 June 2018, bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-018-1264-5, 10.1186/s12909-018-1264-5. Accessed 4 Sept. 2019.
10. Ecker, Erika, and Andrea Skelly. “Conducting a Winning Literature Search.” Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal, vol. 1, no. 01, May 2010, pp. 9–14, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609008/pdf/ebsj01009.pdf, 10.1055/s-0028-1100887
11. Ebbert, Jon O, et al. “Searching the Medical Literature Using PubMed: A Tutorial.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 78, no. 1, 2003, pp. 87–91, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12528881, 10.4065/78.1.87. Accessed 17 Oct. 2019.
12. Heath PT, Nik Yusoff NK, Baker CJ. Neonatal meningitis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed [Internet]. 2003;88(3):F173-8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.3.f173
13. May M, Daley AJ, Donath S, Isaacs D, Australasian Study Group for Neonatal Infections. Early onset neonatal meningitis in Australia and New Zealand, 1992-2002. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed [Internet]. 2005;90(4):F324-7. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.066134
14. Arditi M, Mason EO Jr, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, Barson WJ, Schutze GE, et al. Three-year multicenter surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis in children: clinical characteristics, and outcome related to penicillin susceptibility and dexamethasone use. Pediatrics [Internet]. 1998;102(5):1087–97. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.5.1087
15. Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Malley R, Bacterial Meningitis Study Group of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2008;15(6):522–8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00117.x
16. Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr. Bacterial meningitis in children. Lancet [Internet]. 2003;361(9375):2139–48. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-8
17. Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2004;39(9):1267–84. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/425368
18. NICE. Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal septicaemia in under 16s: recognition, diagnosis and management. 2015 feb.
19. Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev [Internet]. 2010;23(3):467–92. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00070-09
20. Alamarat Z, Hasbun R. Management of acute bacterial meningitis in children. Infect Drug Resist [Internet]. 2020;13:4077–89. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S240162
21. Brouwer MC, McIntyre P, Prasad K, van de Beek D. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2015;(9):CD004405. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004405.pub5
22. Cerda SM Punción lumbar. ARS médica [Internet]. 2017;17(3):39. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v17i3.7193.
23. Vassallo JC, Gouguenheim B, Ghiglione A, Bravo N, Prudencio CI, Villois F, et al. Entrenamiento en punción lumbar utilizando estrategias educativas de simulación. Experiencia en una residencia de clínica pediátrica. Arch Argent Pediatr [Internet]. 2015;113(6):544–9. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2015.544
24. García S, Sauri-Suárez S, Meza E, Arrazola-Cortés E, Sevilla-Álvarez C, Villagómez AJ. Procesos infecciosos del sistema nervioso central en el preludio del siglo XXI; una revisión analítica. Med Int Mex 2013;29:276-289
25. Valle-Murillo MA , Amparo Carrillo ME. Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central, parte 1: Meningitis, Encefalitis y Absceso cerebral. Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia. Marzo-Abril, 2017; 18(2):51-65
26. Mcguire J, Green A. Capítulo 16: Infecciones del sistema nervioso central - Meningitis bacteriana aguda. Cuidados Neurocríticos Pediátricos. Demos Medical. 2013; 270–6.
27. Vila J, Gómez MD, Salavert M, Bosch J. Métodos de diagnóstico rápido en microbiología clínica: necesidades clínicas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin [Internet]. 2017;35(1):41–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2016.11.004
28. Calderón Flores ME. Prueba de aglutinación en látex como método diagnóstico en meningitis bacteriana. Rev Cun [Internet]. 2020;4(2):7–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.36314/cunori.v4i2.122
29. Kneen R, Michael BD, Menson E, Mehta B, Easton A, Hemingway C, et al. Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children - Association of British Neurologists and British Paediatric Allergy, Immunology and Infection Group national guidelines. J Infect [Internet]. 2012;64(5):449–77. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.0132.
30. Kirkham FJ. Guidelines for the management of encephalitis in children: Opinion. Dev Med Child Neurol [Internet]. 2013;55(2):107–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04410.x3
31. Lúa ML, Plascencia A, Paredes P, De Armas Y, Raygoza M, Martínez E, et al. Etiological identification of viral agents in acute encephalitis in Guadalajara, México, 2011-2015. Biomedica [Internet]. 2018;38(2):216–23. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.37304.
32. Swanson PA 2nd, McGavern DB. Viral diseases of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Virol [Internet]. 2015;11:44–54. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2014.12.0095
33. Costa BK da, Sato DK. Viral encephalitis: a practical review on diagnostic approach and treatment. J Pediatr (Rio J) [Internet]. 2020;96 Suppl 1:12–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.07.0066.
34. Messacar K, Fischer M, Dominguez SR, Tyler KL, Abzug MJ. Encephalitis in US children. Infect Dis Clin North Am [Internet]. 2018;32(1):145–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.0077.
35. Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, Sejvar JJ, Marra CM, Roos KL, et al. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2008;47(3):303–27. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/5897478.
36. Téllez de Meneses Monserrat, Vila Miguel T., Barbero Aguirre Pedro, Montoya José F.. Encefalitis virales en la infancia. Medicina (B. Aires) [Internet]. 2013 Sep [citado 2022 Abr 12]; 73 ( Suppl 1 ): 83-92. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0025-76802013000500013&lng=es.
37. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Protocolo de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis con afectación del sistema nervioso central en pediatría. Meningitis tuberculosa. 2020; 2-12
38. Bourgi K, Fiske C, Sterling TR. Tuberculosis meningitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep [Internet]. 2017;19(11):39. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-017-0595-4
39. Thwaites GE, Schoeman JF. Update on tuberculosis of the central nervous system: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Chest Med [Internet]. 2009;30(4):745–54, ix. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027252310900094XA
40. Ratageri VH, Illalu S, Fattepur SR, Wari PK. The utility of CSF Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosis of tubercular meningitis in children. Indian J Pediatr [Internet]. 2019;86(12):1089–93. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-03032-0
41. Marais S, Thwaites G, Schoeman JF, Török ME, Misra UK, Prasad K, et al. Tuberculous meningitis: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research. Lancet Infect Dis [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2022 May 23];10(11):803–12. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(10)70138-9/fulltext
19. Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C, Scott G, Solomon T, Innes J, et al. British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infect [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 May 23];59(3):167–87. Available from: https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(09)00186-8/fulltext
43. Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 23]. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ET/comportamiento-tuberculosis-2020.pdf
44. Archibald LK, Quisling RG. Central Nervous System Infections. In: Textbook of Neurointensive Care. London: Springer London; 2013. p. 427–517.
45. Brutto OH del. Infecciones micóticas del sistema nervioso central. Rev Neurol [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2022 May 23];30(5):447–59. Available from: https://ibecs.isciii.es/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&src=google&base=IBECS&lang=e&nextAction=lnk&exprSearch=128553&indexSearch=ID.
46. Góralska K, Blaszkowska J, Dzikowiec M. Neuroinfections caused by fungi. Infection [Internet]. 2018;46(4):443–59. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-018-1152-2M.
47. P. Unusual fungal infections in the neonate [Internet]. Uptodate.com. 2021. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/unusual-fungal-infections-in-the-neonate?csi=0982b6ca-58aa-4967-bb90-20d701cdbad9&source=contentShareSinghi
48. P, Saini AG. Fungal and parasitic CNS infections. Indian J Pediatr [Internet]. 2019;86(1):83–90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2487-x
49. Donadeu M, Lightowlers MW, Fahrion AS, Kessels J, Abela-Ridder B. Taenia solium: WHO endemicity map update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2016;91(49–50):595–9.
50. Flórez Sánchez AC, Pastrán SM, Vargas NS, Beltrán M, Enriquez Y, Peña AP, et al. Cisticercosis en Colombia. Estudio de seroprevalencia 2008-2010. Acta neurol colomb [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2022 Jul 17];29(2):73–86. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-87482013000200003
51. Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol [Internet]. 2014;13(12):1202–15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70094-8
52. CDC-Centers for Disease Control, Prevention. CDC - Cysticercosis. 2010 [cited 2022 Jul 17]; Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/
53. Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH, Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. Antiparasitic treatment of neurocysticercosis - The effect of cyst destruction in seizure evolution. Epilepsy Behav [Internet]. 2017;76:158–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.03.013
54. Jain RS, Handa R, Vyas A, Prakash S, Nagpal K, Bhana I, et al. Cysticercotic encephalitis: a life threatening form of neurocysicercosis. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2014;32(11):1444.e1-2. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.04.048
55. Barkhof F, Jager HR, Thurnher MM, Rovira A, editors. Clinical Neuroradiology: The ESNR Textbook. 1st ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2019.
56. Cuello-García CA, Roldán-Benítez YM, Pérez-Gaxiola G, Villarreal-Careaga J. Corticosteroids for neurocysticercosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2013;17(8):e583-92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.010
57. Sharma BS, Sawarkar DP, Verma SK. Endoscopic management of fourth ventricle neurocysticercosis: Description of the new technique in a case series of 5 cases and review of the literature. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2019;122:e647–54. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.117
58. Acar M, Sutcu M, Akturk H, Muradova A, Hancerli-torun S, Salman N, et al. Evaluation of short term neurological outcomes in children diagnosed with brain abscesses. Turk Neurosurg [Internet]. 2016; Available from: http://www.turkishneurosurgery.org.tr/pdf/pdf_JTN_1966.pdf
59. Bonfield CM, Sharma J, Dobson S. Pediatric intracranial abscesses. J Infect [Internet]. 2015;71 Suppl 1:S42-6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.012
60. Sahbudak Bal Z, Eraslan C, Bolat E, Avcu G, Kultursay N, Ozkinay F, et al. Brain abscess in children: A rare but serious infection. Clin Pediatr (Phila) [Internet]. 2018;57(5):574–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922817733301
61. Elsevier. Pediatric neurology, part II: Volume 112. In: Dulac O, Lassonde M, Sarnat HB, editors. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 1st ed. London, England: Elsevier Science; 2013.
62. Raffaldi I, Garazzino S, Castelli Gattinara G, Lipreri R, Lancella L, Esposito S, et al. Brain abscesses in children: an Italian multicentre study. Epidemiol Infect [Internet]. 2017;145(13):2848–55. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001583
63. Brouwer MC, Coutinho JM, van de Beek D. Clinical characteristics and outcome of brain abscess: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology [Internet]. 2014;82(9):806–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000172
64. Saldaña G, Simental N. Capítulo 4: Meningitis bacteriana. In: Infectologia neonatal. Editorial McGraw-Hill Interamericana; 2006. p. 35–49.
65. Vargas Rodríguez LJ, Teresa Alvarado M, Suárez Chaparro ÁF. Absceso cerebral: diagnóstico, manejo, complicaciones y pronóstico. Rev chil neurocir [Internet]. 2018;44(1):60–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.36593/rev.chil.neurocir.v44i1.47
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 33 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Neuropediatría
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83339/1/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83339/2/1013639739.2023.pdf
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a
cc2c059162838898927b822dbe767597
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1806886667975393280
spelling Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Camacho, Germán5be7afc72f77f381d156ca38cc197149Lemus Espitia, Ingrid68d5c355b77e37dd315449619062af6dLemus Espitia, Ingrid [0000-0002-9665-7810]2023-02-06T21:00:56Z2023-02-06T21:00:56Z2023-01https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83339Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustracionesTeniendo en cuenta los modelos educativos actuales enfocados en el constructivismo y la participación del estudiante de forma activa durante todo su proceso de formación, se decide la creación de una herramienta interactiva dentro de la plataforma Moodle de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia para la realización de un curso dedicado a neuroinfección, dirigido a estudiantes de pregrado de medicina y a residentes de las especialidades de pediatría y neuropediatría, los cuales tendrán contenido y evaluación en base a las competencias de conocimiento de cada grupo, que permita el aprendizaje de forma sencilla de estas entidades causantes de una alta morbimortalidad en la población pediátrica. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Considering the current educational models which focus on constructivism and active student participation throughout their training process, it has been decided to create an interactive tool within the Moodle platform of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia where for the realization if a course dedicated to neuroinfection, aimed at undergraduate medical students and residents of the pediatric and neuropediatric specialties, which will have content and evaluation based on the knowledge competencies of each group, which allows the learning of these entities that cause high morbidity and mortality in the pediatric populationEspecialidades MédicasEspecialista en Neuropediatría33 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en NeuropediatríaFacultad de MedicinaBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá610 - Medicina y salud::618 - Ginecología, obstetricia, pediatría, geriatría370 - Educación::378 - Educación superior (Educación terciaria)NeuroinfecciónAprendizajeCapacitaciónNeuroinfectionLearningTrainingModelo educacionalAprendizaje en líneaEducational modelsElectronic learningEstrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de infección en sistema nervioso central en los estudiantes de medicina y residentes de pediatría y neuropediatría de la Universidad Nacional de ColombiaPedagogical strategy for teaching central nervous system infection in medical students and residents of pediatrics and neuropediatrics at the Universidad Nacional de ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM1. Colombia. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Protocolo de Vigilancia en Salud Pública de Meningitis bacteriana y Enfermedad meningocócica. versión 4. [Internet] 2022. https://doi.org/10.33610/infoeventos.472. Visintin, C., et al. “Management of Bacterial Meningitis and Meningococcal Septicaemia in Children and Young People: Summary of NICE Guidance.” BMJ, vol. 340, no. jun28 1, 28 June 2010, pp. c3209–c3209, 10.1136/bmj.c3209. Accessed 17 Nov. 2020.3. Alkema, Leontine, and Danzhen You. “Child Mortality Estimation: A Comparison of UN IGME and IHME Estimates of Levels and Trends in Under-Five Mortality Rates and Deaths.” PLoS Medicine, vol. 9, no. 8, 28 Aug. 2012, p. e1001288, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001288. Accessed 26 Nov. 2019.4. Edmond, Karen, et al. “Global and Regional Risk of Disabling Sequelae from Bacterial Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 10, no. 5, May 2010, pp. 317–328, 10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70048-7. Accessed 20 Apr. 2020.5. Wallace, E, et al. “The Epidemiology of Malpractice Claims in Primary Care: A Systematic Review.” BMJ Open, vol. 3, no. 7, June 2013, p. e002929, 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002929. 6. Strouse J. Sickle cell disease [Internet]. 1st ed. Vol. 138, Handbook of clinical neurology. Elsevier B.V.; 2016. 311-324 p7. Chow, F. C., et al. “Opinion and Special Articles: An Interdisciplinary Neuroinfectious Diseases Clinic to Improve Patient Care and Training.” Neurology, vol. 84, no. 1, 29 Dec. 2014, pp. e1–e4, 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001097. Accessed 1 May 2022.8. Nath, Avindra. “Neuroinfectious Diseases.” JAMA Neurology, vol. 72, no. 2, 1 Feb. 2015, p. 143, 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3442. Accessed 2 June 2019.9. Chase, Thomas J. G., et al. “Mobile Learning in Medicine: An Evaluation of Attitudes and Behaviours of Medical Students.” BMC Medical Education, vol. 18, no. 1, 27 June 2018, bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-018-1264-5, 10.1186/s12909-018-1264-5. Accessed 4 Sept. 2019.10. Ecker, Erika, and Andrea Skelly. “Conducting a Winning Literature Search.” Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal, vol. 1, no. 01, May 2010, pp. 9–14, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609008/pdf/ebsj01009.pdf, 10.1055/s-0028-110088711. Ebbert, Jon O, et al. “Searching the Medical Literature Using PubMed: A Tutorial.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 78, no. 1, 2003, pp. 87–91, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12528881, 10.4065/78.1.87. Accessed 17 Oct. 2019.12. Heath PT, Nik Yusoff NK, Baker CJ. Neonatal meningitis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed [Internet]. 2003;88(3):F173-8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.3.f17313. May M, Daley AJ, Donath S, Isaacs D, Australasian Study Group for Neonatal Infections. Early onset neonatal meningitis in Australia and New Zealand, 1992-2002. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed [Internet]. 2005;90(4):F324-7. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.06613414. Arditi M, Mason EO Jr, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, Barson WJ, Schutze GE, et al. Three-year multicenter surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis in children: clinical characteristics, and outcome related to penicillin susceptibility and dexamethasone use. Pediatrics [Internet]. 1998;102(5):1087–97. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.5.108715. Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Malley R, Bacterial Meningitis Study Group of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2008;15(6):522–8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00117.x16. Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr. Bacterial meningitis in children. Lancet [Internet]. 2003;361(9375):2139–48. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-817. Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2004;39(9):1267–84. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/42536818. NICE. Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal septicaemia in under 16s: recognition, diagnosis and management. 2015 feb.19. Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev [Internet]. 2010;23(3):467–92. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00070-0920. Alamarat Z, Hasbun R. Management of acute bacterial meningitis in children. Infect Drug Resist [Internet]. 2020;13:4077–89. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S24016221. Brouwer MC, McIntyre P, Prasad K, van de Beek D. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2015;(9):CD004405. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004405.pub522. Cerda SM Punción lumbar. ARS médica [Internet]. 2017;17(3):39. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v17i3.7193.23. Vassallo JC, Gouguenheim B, Ghiglione A, Bravo N, Prudencio CI, Villois F, et al. Entrenamiento en punción lumbar utilizando estrategias educativas de simulación. Experiencia en una residencia de clínica pediátrica. Arch Argent Pediatr [Internet]. 2015;113(6):544–9. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2015.54424. García S, Sauri-Suárez S, Meza E, Arrazola-Cortés E, Sevilla-Álvarez C, Villagómez AJ. Procesos infecciosos del sistema nervioso central en el preludio del siglo XXI; una revisión analítica. Med Int Mex 2013;29:276-28925. Valle-Murillo MA , Amparo Carrillo ME. Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central, parte 1: Meningitis, Encefalitis y Absceso cerebral. Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia. Marzo-Abril, 2017; 18(2):51-6526. Mcguire J, Green A. Capítulo 16: Infecciones del sistema nervioso central - Meningitis bacteriana aguda. Cuidados Neurocríticos Pediátricos. Demos Medical. 2013; 270–6.27. Vila J, Gómez MD, Salavert M, Bosch J. Métodos de diagnóstico rápido en microbiología clínica: necesidades clínicas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin [Internet]. 2017;35(1):41–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2016.11.00428. Calderón Flores ME. Prueba de aglutinación en látex como método diagnóstico en meningitis bacteriana. Rev Cun [Internet]. 2020;4(2):7–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.36314/cunori.v4i2.12229. Kneen R, Michael BD, Menson E, Mehta B, Easton A, Hemingway C, et al. Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children - Association of British Neurologists and British Paediatric Allergy, Immunology and Infection Group national guidelines. J Infect [Internet]. 2012;64(5):449–77. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.0132.30. Kirkham FJ. Guidelines for the management of encephalitis in children: Opinion. Dev Med Child Neurol [Internet]. 2013;55(2):107–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04410.x331. Lúa ML, Plascencia A, Paredes P, De Armas Y, Raygoza M, Martínez E, et al. Etiological identification of viral agents in acute encephalitis in Guadalajara, México, 2011-2015. Biomedica [Internet]. 2018;38(2):216–23. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.37304.32. Swanson PA 2nd, McGavern DB. Viral diseases of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Virol [Internet]. 2015;11:44–54. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2014.12.009533. Costa BK da, Sato DK. Viral encephalitis: a practical review on diagnostic approach and treatment. J Pediatr (Rio J) [Internet]. 2020;96 Suppl 1:12–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.07.0066.34. Messacar K, Fischer M, Dominguez SR, Tyler KL, Abzug MJ. Encephalitis in US children. Infect Dis Clin North Am [Internet]. 2018;32(1):145–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.0077.35. Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, Sejvar JJ, Marra CM, Roos KL, et al. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2008;47(3):303–27. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/5897478.36. Téllez de Meneses Monserrat, Vila Miguel T., Barbero Aguirre Pedro, Montoya José F.. Encefalitis virales en la infancia. Medicina (B. Aires) [Internet]. 2013 Sep [citado 2022 Abr 12]; 73 ( Suppl 1 ): 83-92. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0025-76802013000500013&lng=es.37. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Protocolo de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis con afectación del sistema nervioso central en pediatría. Meningitis tuberculosa. 2020; 2-1238. Bourgi K, Fiske C, Sterling TR. Tuberculosis meningitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep [Internet]. 2017;19(11):39. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-017-0595-439. Thwaites GE, Schoeman JF. Update on tuberculosis of the central nervous system: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Chest Med [Internet]. 2009;30(4):745–54, ix. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027252310900094XA40. Ratageri VH, Illalu S, Fattepur SR, Wari PK. The utility of CSF Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosis of tubercular meningitis in children. Indian J Pediatr [Internet]. 2019;86(12):1089–93. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-03032-041. Marais S, Thwaites G, Schoeman JF, Török ME, Misra UK, Prasad K, et al. Tuberculous meningitis: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research. Lancet Infect Dis [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2022 May 23];10(11):803–12. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(10)70138-9/fulltext19. Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C, Scott G, Solomon T, Innes J, et al. British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infect [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 May 23];59(3):167–87. Available from: https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(09)00186-8/fulltext43. Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 23]. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ET/comportamiento-tuberculosis-2020.pdf44. Archibald LK, Quisling RG. Central Nervous System Infections. In: Textbook of Neurointensive Care. London: Springer London; 2013. p. 427–517.45. Brutto OH del. Infecciones micóticas del sistema nervioso central. Rev Neurol [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2022 May 23];30(5):447–59. Available from: https://ibecs.isciii.es/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&src=google&base=IBECS&lang=e&nextAction=lnk&exprSearch=128553&indexSearch=ID.46. Góralska K, Blaszkowska J, Dzikowiec M. Neuroinfections caused by fungi. Infection [Internet]. 2018;46(4):443–59. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-018-1152-2M.47. P. Unusual fungal infections in the neonate [Internet]. Uptodate.com. 2021. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/unusual-fungal-infections-in-the-neonate?csi=0982b6ca-58aa-4967-bb90-20d701cdbad9&source=contentShareSinghi48. P, Saini AG. Fungal and parasitic CNS infections. Indian J Pediatr [Internet]. 2019;86(1):83–90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2487-x49. Donadeu M, Lightowlers MW, Fahrion AS, Kessels J, Abela-Ridder B. Taenia solium: WHO endemicity map update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2016;91(49–50):595–9.50. Flórez Sánchez AC, Pastrán SM, Vargas NS, Beltrán M, Enriquez Y, Peña AP, et al. Cisticercosis en Colombia. Estudio de seroprevalencia 2008-2010. Acta neurol colomb [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2022 Jul 17];29(2):73–86. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-8748201300020000351. Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol [Internet]. 2014;13(12):1202–15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70094-852. CDC-Centers for Disease Control, Prevention. CDC - Cysticercosis. 2010 [cited 2022 Jul 17]; Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/53. Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH, Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. Antiparasitic treatment of neurocysticercosis - The effect of cyst destruction in seizure evolution. Epilepsy Behav [Internet]. 2017;76:158–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.03.01354. Jain RS, Handa R, Vyas A, Prakash S, Nagpal K, Bhana I, et al. Cysticercotic encephalitis: a life threatening form of neurocysicercosis. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2014;32(11):1444.e1-2. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.04.04855. Barkhof F, Jager HR, Thurnher MM, Rovira A, editors. Clinical Neuroradiology: The ESNR Textbook. 1st ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2019.56. Cuello-García CA, Roldán-Benítez YM, Pérez-Gaxiola G, Villarreal-Careaga J. Corticosteroids for neurocysticercosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2013;17(8):e583-92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.01057. Sharma BS, Sawarkar DP, Verma SK. Endoscopic management of fourth ventricle neurocysticercosis: Description of the new technique in a case series of 5 cases and review of the literature. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2019;122:e647–54. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.11758. Acar M, Sutcu M, Akturk H, Muradova A, Hancerli-torun S, Salman N, et al. Evaluation of short term neurological outcomes in children diagnosed with brain abscesses. Turk Neurosurg [Internet]. 2016; Available from: http://www.turkishneurosurgery.org.tr/pdf/pdf_JTN_1966.pdf59. Bonfield CM, Sharma J, Dobson S. Pediatric intracranial abscesses. J Infect [Internet]. 2015;71 Suppl 1:S42-6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.01260. Sahbudak Bal Z, Eraslan C, Bolat E, Avcu G, Kultursay N, Ozkinay F, et al. Brain abscess in children: A rare but serious infection. Clin Pediatr (Phila) [Internet]. 2018;57(5):574–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992281773330161. Elsevier. Pediatric neurology, part II: Volume 112. In: Dulac O, Lassonde M, Sarnat HB, editors. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 1st ed. London, England: Elsevier Science; 2013.62. Raffaldi I, Garazzino S, Castelli Gattinara G, Lipreri R, Lancella L, Esposito S, et al. Brain abscesses in children: an Italian multicentre study. Epidemiol Infect [Internet]. 2017;145(13):2848–55. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881700158363. Brouwer MC, Coutinho JM, van de Beek D. Clinical characteristics and outcome of brain abscess: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology [Internet]. 2014;82(9):806–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.000000000000017264. Saldaña G, Simental N. Capítulo 4: Meningitis bacteriana. In: Infectologia neonatal. Editorial McGraw-Hill Interamericana; 2006. p. 35–49.65. Vargas Rodríguez LJ, Teresa Alvarado M, Suárez Chaparro ÁF. Absceso cerebral: diagnóstico, manejo, complicaciones y pronóstico. Rev chil neurocir [Internet]. 2018;44(1):60–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.36593/rev.chil.neurocir.v44i1.47EstudiantesLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83339/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1013639739.2023.pdf1013639739.2023.pdfTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Medica en Neuropediatríaapplication/pdf530981https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/83339/2/1013639739.2023.pdfcc2c059162838898927b822dbe767597MD52unal/83339oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/833392023-02-06 16:04:37.23Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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