In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles
Diagramas.
- Autores:
-
Montoya Giraldo, Yessica Alejandra
Portela Davila, Adriana Roxana
Susunaga-Gómez, Danna
Velásquez Torres, Alvaro Andrés
Villanueva-Mejía, Diego F.
Urquijo Morales, Jeaneth Patricia
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/84521
- Palabra clave:
- 660 - Ingeniería química
Nanopartículas
Maíz - Propagación in-vitro
Lechuga - Propagación in-vitro
Iron oxide nanoparticles
Nanofertilizers
Maize seeds
Lettuce seeds
In vitro
Oxidó de hierro
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
| id |
UNACIONAL2_539c4f11089afbeb15b0c1600586dd88 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/84521 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNACIONAL2 |
| network_name_str |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles |
| title |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles 660 - Ingeniería química Nanopartículas Maíz - Propagación in-vitro Lechuga - Propagación in-vitro Iron oxide nanoparticles Nanofertilizers Maize seeds Lettuce seeds In vitro Oxidó de hierro |
| title_short |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles |
| title_full |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles |
| title_sort |
In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Montoya Giraldo, Yessica Alejandra Portela Davila, Adriana Roxana Susunaga-Gómez, Danna Velásquez Torres, Alvaro Andrés Villanueva-Mejía, Diego F. Urquijo Morales, Jeaneth Patricia |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Montoya Giraldo, Yessica Alejandra Portela Davila, Adriana Roxana Susunaga-Gómez, Danna Velásquez Torres, Alvaro Andrés Villanueva-Mejía, Diego F. Urquijo Morales, Jeaneth Patricia |
| dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv |
660 - Ingeniería química |
| topic |
660 - Ingeniería química Nanopartículas Maíz - Propagación in-vitro Lechuga - Propagación in-vitro Iron oxide nanoparticles Nanofertilizers Maize seeds Lettuce seeds In vitro Oxidó de hierro |
| dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv |
Nanopartículas Maíz - Propagación in-vitro Lechuga - Propagación in-vitro |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Iron oxide nanoparticles Nanofertilizers Maize seeds Lettuce seeds In vitro |
| dc.subject.wikidata.none.fl_str_mv |
Oxidó de hierro |
| description |
Diagramas. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-10T15:04:38Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-10T15:04:38Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-11 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
ISSN: 0012-7353 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84521 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
ISSN: 2346-2183 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
ISSN: 0012-7353 ISSN: 2346-2183 Universidad Nacional de Colombia Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| url |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84521 https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv |
July - September 2023 |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
13 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
Núm. 227 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
9 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vol. 90 |
| dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv |
N/A |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Dyna |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Montoya-Giraldo, Y.A., Portela-Davila, A.R., Susunaga-Gómez, D., Urquijo, J.P., Velásquez, Á.A., and Villanueva-Mejia, D., Evaluation of the application of suspensions of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with quaternized chitosan on maize seeds, Proceeding of EXPOingeniería 2022. pp. 488-494. Rehman, A.U., Masood, S., Khan, N.U., Abbasi, M.E., Hussain, Z., and Ali, I., Molecular basis of iron biofortification in crop plants. A step towards sustainability. Plant Breeding, 140(1), pp. 12-22, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12886. Morrissey, J., and Guerinot, M.L., Iron uptake and transport in plants: the good, the bad, and the ionome. Chemical Reviews, 109(10), pp. 4553- 4567, 2009. DOI: ttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900112r Polania-Fierro, M.G., Aspectos técnicos de la producción de maíz en Colombia: importancia del cultivo de maíz. FENALCE (Ed.), 2014. Galeano, C., Nutti, M., Ramírez-Villegas, J., Vanegas, H., Pasculli, L., Peña, Y., and Aguilar, D., Maize for Colombia 2030 Vision, 2019. Jurado-Rincón, D.A., Rincón-Rivera, L.J., Vargas-Berdugo, A.M., and González-Almario, A., Partial sequencing of a putative Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus isolate detected on lettuce in Colombia. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 51, e68585, 2021. DOI: ttps://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168585. Pinzón, H., Laverde, H., and Clavijo, J. Producción de semilla de Lechuga en Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 10(2), pp. 105-113, 1993. Available at: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/article/view/21253 Shinde, S., Paralikar, P., Ingle, A.P., and Rai, M., Promotion of seed germination and seedling growth of Zea mays by magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles synthesized by the filtrate from Aspergillus niger. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(1), pp. 3172-3182, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.10.001. Li, J., Hu, J., Ma, C., Wang, Y., Wu, C., Huang, J., and Xing, B., Uptake, translocation and physiological effects of magnetic iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles in corn (Zea mays L.). Chemosphere, 159, pp. 326-334, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.083. Hussain, M., Raja, N.I., Mashwani, Z.U.R., Iqbal, M., Sabir, S., and Yasmeen, F. In vitro seed germination and biochemical profiling of Artemisia absinthium exposed to various metallic nanoparticles. 3 Biotech, 7(2), pp. 1-8, 2017. DOI 10.1007/s13205-017-0741-6 Murashige, T. and Skoog, F., A revised medium for rapid growth and BioAssays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures. Plant Physiology, 15, pp. 473- 497, 1962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x Y.A. Montoya-Giraldo, is BSc. Eng in Process Engineering and MSc. in Engineering all of them from EAFIT University, Colombia. Currently, she is researcher of the natural systems and sustainability area, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University. ORCID: 0009-0008-6684-9740 A.R. Portela-Dávila, is Biology from the Universidad del Tolima, Colombia. E.F MSc. in Environmental Management, and currently, she is GIEM bioassay coordinator, all of them from Antioquia University, Colombia. ORCID: 0000-0001-7932-0290 D. Susunaga-Gómez, is Biology from the Universidad del Tolima, Colombia, and MSc in Biosciences from EAFIT University, Colombia. Currently, she is professor and researcher of the natural systems and sustainability area, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University, Colombia. ORCID: 0000-0003-1545-6644 J.P Urquijo, is BSc. in Chemistry, MSc. in Chemical Sciences, and PhD in Chemical Sciences, all of them from Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. Currently, she is professor and researcher at Universidad de Medellín. ORCID: 0009-0006-4638-7353 A.A. Velásquez, is BSc. in Physics, MSc. in Physics, and PhD in Physics, all of them from Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. He is currently full professor and head of the natural sciences nucleus in the area of Fundamental Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University, Colombia. ORCID: 0000-0002-1371-1552 D.F. Villanueva-Mejia, is Biology, MSc. in Science, and PhD. in Biotechnology. Currently, he is full professor and director of the natural systems and sustainability area in the School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University. ORCID: 0000-0002-3837-5006 |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
5 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín |
| dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículos de Revistas |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medellín, Colombia |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84521/2/In%20vitro%20germination%20and%20growth.pdf https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84521/3/license.txt https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84521/4/In%20vitro%20germination%20and%20growth.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
c1a3992c3f5df2edee1b5e5d4a63ce7b eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a 485c6787dfa0784708bfb8a3ec47f96e |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1806886590514987008 |
| spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Montoya Giraldo, Yessica Alejandraee9f74b9834d986a0364773ea137d9c8600Portela Davila, Adriana Roxana65aed4340113b19892eeaaf2a5053537600Susunaga-Gómez, Dannac9daaacffdb49a5d0b8d01cc394ec437600Velásquez Torres, Alvaro Andrés71dad0a415c607d6493b52f586de9d30600Villanueva-Mejía, Diego F.40bfe3ba9edd03b6f0422e1ac0074670600Urquijo Morales, Jeaneth Patriciaef46c245277b565ac11b8aa5730469a32023-08-10T15:04:38Z2023-08-10T15:04:38Z2023-07-11ISSN: 0012-7353https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84521ISSN: 2346-2183Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/Diagramas.Iron is a micronutrient essential for optimal plant development, nevertheless, due to their low solubility it is poorly available to plants, affecting many agronomically important crops. Nanofertilizers are nanoparticles that have been used as an alternative for the release of micro and macronutrients necessary for plant nutrition. Therefore, in this research we evaluated the effect of the application of aqueous suspensions of iron oxide (magnetite-maghemite) nanoparticles stabilized with chitosan on the germination and growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants at in vitro level. Preliminary results suggest that for aqueous nanoparticle suspensions with iron contents below 50 ppm there is no evidence of negative effects on the seed germination process and on the growth of maize seedlings. Similarly, it was determined that there is no phytotoxic effect of the suspensions on Lettuce seeds.El hierro es un micronutriente esencial para el desarrollo óptimo de las plantas, sin embargo, su baja disponibilidad afecta muchos cultivos de gran importancia agronómica. Los nanofertilizantes son nanopartículas que han sido utilizadas como alternativa para la liberación de micro y macronutrientes para la nutrición de las plantas. Por ello, en esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de suspensiones acuosas de nanopartículas de óxido de hierro (magnetita-maghemita) estabilizadas con quitosano sobre la germinación y el crecimiento de plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.) y lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) a nivel in vitro. Resultados preliminares sugieren que, las suspensiones acuosas de nanopartículas con contenidos de hierro inferiores a 50 ppm, no presentan efectos negativos en el proceso de germinación de las semillas ni en el crecimiento de las plántulas de maíz. Asimismo, se determinó que no existe ningún efecto fitotóxico de las suspensiones sobre las semillas de lechuga 8Texto tomad de la fuente)5 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede MedellínArtículos de RevistasMedellín, Colombia660 - Ingeniería químicaNanopartículasMaíz - Propagación in-vitroLechuga - Propagación in-vitroIron oxide nanoparticlesNanofertilizersMaize seedsLettuce seedsIn vitroOxidó de hierroIn vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticlesArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Texthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTJuly - September 202313Núm. 2279Vol. 90N/ADynaMontoya-Giraldo, Y.A., Portela-Davila, A.R., Susunaga-Gómez, D., Urquijo, J.P., Velásquez, Á.A., and Villanueva-Mejia, D., Evaluation of the application of suspensions of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with quaternized chitosan on maize seeds, Proceeding of EXPOingeniería 2022. pp. 488-494.Rehman, A.U., Masood, S., Khan, N.U., Abbasi, M.E., Hussain, Z., and Ali, I., Molecular basis of iron biofortification in crop plants. A step towards sustainability. Plant Breeding, 140(1), pp. 12-22, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12886.Morrissey, J., and Guerinot, M.L., Iron uptake and transport in plants: the good, the bad, and the ionome. Chemical Reviews, 109(10), pp. 4553- 4567, 2009. DOI: ttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900112rPolania-Fierro, M.G., Aspectos técnicos de la producción de maíz en Colombia: importancia del cultivo de maíz. FENALCE (Ed.), 2014.Galeano, C., Nutti, M., Ramírez-Villegas, J., Vanegas, H., Pasculli, L., Peña, Y., and Aguilar, D., Maize for Colombia 2030 Vision, 2019.Jurado-Rincón, D.A., Rincón-Rivera, L.J., Vargas-Berdugo, A.M., and González-Almario, A., Partial sequencing of a putative Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus isolate detected on lettuce in Colombia. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 51, e68585, 2021. DOI: ttps://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168585.Pinzón, H., Laverde, H., and Clavijo, J. Producción de semilla de Lechuga en Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 10(2), pp. 105-113, 1993. Available at: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/article/view/21253Shinde, S., Paralikar, P., Ingle, A.P., and Rai, M., Promotion of seed germination and seedling growth of Zea mays by magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles synthesized by the filtrate from Aspergillus niger. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(1), pp. 3172-3182, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.10.001.Li, J., Hu, J., Ma, C., Wang, Y., Wu, C., Huang, J., and Xing, B., Uptake, translocation and physiological effects of magnetic iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles in corn (Zea mays L.). Chemosphere, 159, pp. 326-334, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.083.Hussain, M., Raja, N.I., Mashwani, Z.U.R., Iqbal, M., Sabir, S., and Yasmeen, F. In vitro seed germination and biochemical profiling of Artemisia absinthium exposed to various metallic nanoparticles. 3 Biotech, 7(2), pp. 1-8, 2017. DOI 10.1007/s13205-017-0741-6Murashige, T. and Skoog, F., A revised medium for rapid growth and BioAssays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures. Plant Physiology, 15, pp. 473- 497, 1962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.xY.A. Montoya-Giraldo, is BSc. Eng in Process Engineering and MSc. in Engineering all of them from EAFIT University, Colombia. Currently, she is researcher of the natural systems and sustainability area, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University. ORCID: 0009-0008-6684-9740A.R. Portela-Dávila, is Biology from the Universidad del Tolima, Colombia. E.F MSc. in Environmental Management, and currently, she is GIEM bioassay coordinator, all of them from Antioquia University, Colombia. ORCID: 0000-0001-7932-0290D. Susunaga-Gómez, is Biology from the Universidad del Tolima, Colombia, and MSc in Biosciences from EAFIT University, Colombia. Currently, she is professor and researcher of the natural systems and sustainability area, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University, Colombia. ORCID: 0000-0003-1545-6644J.P Urquijo, is BSc. in Chemistry, MSc. in Chemical Sciences, and PhD in Chemical Sciences, all of them from Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. Currently, she is professor and researcher at Universidad de Medellín. ORCID: 0009-0006-4638-7353A.A. Velásquez, is BSc. in Physics, MSc. in Physics, and PhD in Physics, all of them from Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. He is currently full professor and head of the natural sciences nucleus in the area of Fundamental Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University, Colombia. ORCID: 0000-0002-1371-1552D.F. Villanueva-Mejia, is Biology, MSc. in Science, and PhD. in Biotechnology. Currently, he is full professor and director of the natural systems and sustainability area in the School of Applied Sciences and Engineering at EAFIT University. ORCID: 0000-0002-3837-5006Público generalORIGINALIn vitro germination and growth.pdfIn vitro germination and growth.pdfapplication/pdf964553https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84521/2/In%20vitro%20germination%20and%20growth.pdfc1a3992c3f5df2edee1b5e5d4a63ce7bMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84521/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53THUMBNAILIn vitro germination and growth.pdf.jpgIn vitro germination and growth.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9397https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/84521/4/In%20vitro%20germination%20and%20growth.pdf.jpg485c6787dfa0784708bfb8a3ec47f96eMD54unal/84521oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/845212024-07-28 01:12:10.393Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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 |