Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia

ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, tablas

Autores:
Bautista Zamora, Daniel Mauricio
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/77396
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77396
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos
Insectos dañinos
Entomología aplicada
Tachinidae
pest insects
applied entomology
Tachinidae
Parasitoidism
Biodiversity
Neotropics
South America
Biological control
Parasitoidismo
Biodiversidad
Suramerica
Neotrópico
Control biológico
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_507aa8cf5045e4343e82a3d7630c73ef
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/77396
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv Taxonomic synopsis of Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Colombia
title Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
spellingShingle Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos
Insectos dañinos
Entomología aplicada
Tachinidae
pest insects
applied entomology
Tachinidae
Parasitoidism
Biodiversity
Neotropics
South America
Biological control
Parasitoidismo
Biodiversidad
Suramerica
Neotrópico
Control biológico
title_short Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
title_full Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
title_fullStr Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
title_sort Sinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de Colombia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Bautista Zamora, Daniel Mauricio
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Serna Cardona, Francisco Javier
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Bautista Zamora, Daniel Mauricio
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Sistemática de Insectos Agronomía
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos
topic 590 - Animales::595 - Artrópodos
Insectos dañinos
Entomología aplicada
Tachinidae
pest insects
applied entomology
Tachinidae
Parasitoidism
Biodiversity
Neotropics
South America
Biological control
Parasitoidismo
Biodiversidad
Suramerica
Neotrópico
Control biológico
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv Insectos dañinos
Entomología aplicada
Tachinidae
dc.subject.agrovoc.eng.fl_str_mv pest insects
applied entomology
Tachinidae
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Parasitoidism
Biodiversity
Neotropics
South America
Biological control
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Parasitoidismo
Biodiversidad
Suramerica
Neotrópico
Control biológico
description ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, tablas
publishDate 2019
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-12-10
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-04-01T16:33:42Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-04-01T16:33:42Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77396
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77396
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Aldrich JM (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 46 (2) [= No. 1444]: 680 pp.
Altieri MA (2009) Agroecology, small farms and food sovereignity. Monthly Review, 61(3), 102–111.
Arnaud PH Jr (1958) The entomological publications of Charles Henry Tyler Townsend [1863–1944]; with lists of his new generic and specific names. Microentomology 23: 1–63.
Atkinson G, Bateman I, Mourato S (2012) Recent advances in the valuation of ecosystem services and biodiversity. Oxf Rev Econ Policy 28(1):22–47. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grs007
Barrett CB, Travis AJ, Dasgupta P (2011) On biodiversity conservation and poverty traps. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(34):13907–13912. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011521108
Bernal R, Celis M, Gradstein R (2007) Plant diversity of Colombia catalogued. Taxon 56(1):273
Bezzi M, Stein P (1907) Cyclorrapha Aschiza. Cyclorrapha Schizophora: Schizometopa. Pp. 1–747. In: Becker T, Bezzi M, Kertész K, Stein P (Eds) Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren. Band III. Budapest. 828 pp.
Brauer F, Bergenstamm JE von (1889–1895) Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV–VII. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Partes I– IV. F Tempsky, Wien.
Cantrell BK, Crosskey RW (1989) Family Tachinidae. In: Evenhuis NL (Ed) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. [Bishop Museum Special Publication 86.] Bishop Museum Press, EJ Brill, 733–784.
Cerretti P, Tschorsnig H-P, Lopresti M, Di Giovanni F (2012) MOSCHweb — a matrix- based interactive key to the genera of the Palaearctic Tachinidae (Insecta, Diptera). ZooKeys 205: 5–18. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.205.3409
Coquillett DW (1897) Revision of the Tachinidae of America north of Mexico. A family of parasitic two-winged insects. United States Department of Agriculture. Division of Entomology. Techinical Series 7: 156 pp.
Cristín, A. & Perrilliat, M. C., 2011. Las colecciones científicas y la protección del patrimonio paleontológico. Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex., 63 (3): 421-427.
Cruz, B.C.A.; Posada F., F. 2003. Evaluación de la biodiversidad de la zona cafetera colombiana representada en la colección de artrópodos de Cenicafé. Rev. Col. Entomol. 29(2):107-112.
Cruz, J. & Sánchez, S. (2015). Aspectos Sobre La Biolog´Ia De La Palomilla Del Cacao Cadra Cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) En Laboratorio. Disponible 50 URL:http://entomologia.univalle.edu.co/boletin/1Palma&Soto.pdf [consulta 19 de septiembre de 2016]
Delgado P.N. 2005. Caracterización morfológica de los Sesiidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) perforadores del fruto del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), presentes en la región costera del estado Aragua, Venezuela. Entomotropica 20(2): 97-111
Delgadillo, I. y F. Góngora, F., 2009.- Colecciones Biológicas: estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza aprendizaje de la Biología. 2: 2027-1034.
Dhawan AK, Peshin R. 2009. Integrated Pest Management: Concept, Opportunities and Challenges. Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process, Vol 1: 51-81.
Duckworth, W. D., Genoways, H. H. & Rose, C. L. 1993. Preserving natural science collections: chronicle of our environmental heritage. 140 pp. National Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Property, Inc., Washington, DC.
Eggleton P, Belshaw R (1993) Comparisons of dipteran, hymenopteran and coleopteran parasitoids: provisional phylogenetic explanations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 213–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00888.x
Emden FI van (1945) Keys to the Ethiopian Tachinidae.—I. Phasiinae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 114 [1944]: 389–436 + 3 pls.
Evenhuis NL, O’Hara JE, Pape T, Pont AC (2010) Nomenclatural studies toward a world catalog of Diptera genus-group names. Part I. André-Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy. Zootaxa 2373: 265 pp.
Fierro, M. J., 2012. Políticas Mineras en Colombia. Digiprint Editores, E. U.
Fleming A, Wood D, Janzen D, Hallwachs W, Smith M (2015) Three new species of Trigonospila Pokorny (Diptera: Tachinidae), from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with a key for their identification. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4595. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4595
Fleming A, Wood D, Smith M, Hallwachs W, Janzen D (2018) Revision of the Mesoamerican species of Calolydella Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) and description of twenty-three new species reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e11223. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e11223
Frey R (1921) Studien über den Bau des Mundes der niederen Diptera Schizophora nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik dieser Dipterengruppe. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 48 (3): 245 + [2] pp. + 10 pls.
Gaston KJ, Spicer JI (2004) Biodiversity: an introduction, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford
Girschner E (1893) Beitrag zur Systematik der Musciden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 297–312.
Girschner E (1896) Ein neues Musciden-System auf Grund der Thoracalbeborstung und der Segmentierung des Hinterleibes. Jllustrierte Wochenschrift für Entomologie 1: 12–16, 30– 32, 61–64, 105–112.
Guimarães JH (1971) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 104: 333 pp.
Hernández, M.P.; Bellotti, A.C.; Cardona, C.; Lapointe, S.; Pantoja, A. 1995. Organización y Utilidad de una Colección de Insectos para referencia y en Cuatro Cultivos Tropicales. Rev. Col. Entomol. 21(1):59-62.
Herting B (1984) Catalogue of Palearctic Tachinidae (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) 369: 228 pp.
IAvH (1998) Informe nacional sobre el estado de la biodiversidad Colombia 1997 vol Tomo I: Diversidad Biológica. Instituto Humboldt, PNUMA, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Santa Fe de Bogota
IUCN (2012) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2012.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/amphibians/analysis/geographic-patterns. Accessed 26 Feb 2019
Kier G, Kreft H, Lee TM, Jetz W, Ibisch PL, Nowicki C, Mutke J, Barthlott W (2009) A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(23):9322–9327. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810306106
Kutty SN, Pape T, Wiegmann BM, Meier R (2010) Molecular phylogeny of the Calyptratae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) with an emphasis on the superfamily Oestroidea and the position of Mystacinobiidae and McAlpine’s fly. Systematic Entomology 35: 614–635.
Malloch JR (1923) A new character for differentiating the families of Muscoidea (Dipt.). Entomological News 34: 57–58.
Mares, M.A. 1993. Natural history museums: bridging the past and the future. En: C.L. Rose, S.L. Williams & J. Gisbert (Eds.) Current Issues, Initiatives, and Future Directions for the Preservation and Conservation of Natural History Collections. Vol. III. págs. 367-404. Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Comunidad de Madrid. Madrid.
McAlpine JF (1989) Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha. Pp. 1397–1518. In: McAlpine JF, Wood DM (Eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 3. Agriculture Canada Monograph 32: vi + 1333–1581.
Medina-Gaud, S., Abreu, E., Gallardo, F., & Franqui, R. A. (1989). Natural enemies of the melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico. (Etapa III); Vol. 73, No. 4
Meigen JW (1803) Versuch einer neuen GattungsEintheilung der europäischen zweiflügligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde 2: 259–281.
Mesa R., D. P., & Bernal, A. A. (2005). Protocolos para la preservación y manejo de colecciones biológicas. Boletín Científico - Centro de Museos, 10, 117 - 148.
Mesnil LP (1939) Essai sur les tachinaires (Larvaevoridae). Monographies publiées par les Stations et Laboratoires de Recherches Agronomiques 7: 67 + v pp.
Mesnil LP (1944–1975) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10: 1–1435 + pls. I–XXVII.
Mesnil LP (1946) Revision des Phorocerini de l’Ancien Monde (Larvaevoridae). Encyclopédie Entomologique. Série B. Mémoires et Notes. II. Diptera 10: 37–80.
Mesnil LP (1950) Notice sur Joseph Villeneuve de Janti avec liste bibliographique. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 26 (7): 1–22.
Mesnil LP (1956–1965) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). [II. Phorocerini oder Exoristini.] Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10: 555–879 + pls. XVIII –XXVII.
Mesnil LP (1966) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10 (Lieferung 263): 881–928.
Mesnil LP (1966–1975) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). [III. Larvaevorini oder Tachinini.] Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10: 881–1374.
Mesnil LP (1975a) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10 (Lieferung 309): 1305–1384.
Mesnil LP (1975b) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10 (Lieferung 312): 1385–1435.
Mesnil LP (1980) 64f. Dexiinae. Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 9 (Lieferung 323): 1–52.
Mihályi F (1986) Diptera II. Tachinidae—Rhinophoridae. Fauna Hungariae 161: 425 pp. [In Hungarian]
MINAMBIENTE. (27 de Junio de 2013). Decreto 1375. Bogotá, Colombia
Museo Nacional de Colombia, Programa Red Nacional de Museos. 2009. Curaduría en un museo. Nociones básicas. Ministerio de Cultura. Colombia.
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403(6772):853–858. doi:10.1038/35002501
León-Burgos AF, Murillo-Pacheco JI, Bautista-Zamora D, Quinto J (2019) Insectos benéficos asociados a plantas arvenses atrayentes en agroecosistemas del Piedemonte de la Orinoquia Colombiana. Cuadernos de biodiversidad 56 (2019): 1-14
Oberhauser, K. S., & Powell, J. A. (1992). Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is the host of Paradejeania rutilioides (Jaennicke) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in central coastal California The Pan-Pacific entomologist., 68
O’Hara JE (1989) Systematics of the genus group taxa of the Siphonini (Diptera: Tachinidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 25: 1–229.
O’Hara JE, Wood DM (1998) Tachinidae (Diptera): nomenclatural review and changes, primarily for America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist 130: 751–774.
O’Hara JE (2002) Revision of the Polideini (Tachinidae) of America north of Mexico. Studia Dipterologica. Supplement 10: 170 pp.
O’Hara, J.E. & Henderson, S.J. 2018. World genera of the Tachinidae (Diptera) and their regional occurrence. Version 10.0. PDF document, 89 pp. Available from: http://www.nadsdiptera.org/Tach/WorldTachs/Genera/Gentach_ver10.pdf (accessed [22 Feb 2019]).
O’Hara, J.E., Henderson, S.J. & Wood, D.M. 2019. Preliminary checklist of the Tachinidae of the world. Version 1.0. PDF document, 681 pages. Available at: http://www.nadsdiptera.org/Tach/WorldTachs/Checklist/Worldchecklist.html (accessed [1 May 2019]).
Ordaz-Silva, S., G. Gallegos-Morales, R. Sánchez-Peña, M. Flores-Dávila, M. A. SalasMarina, and J. Landeros-Flores. (2014). First records of Lespesia postica and Vibrissina mexicana (Tachinidae) as parasitoids of Monoctenus sanchezi (Diprionidae). Southwest. Entomol. 39: 511–516.
Orme CDL, Davies RG, Burgess M, Eigenbrod F, Pickup N, Olson VA, Webster AJ, Ding T-S, Rasmussen PC, Ridgely RS, Stattersfield AJ, Bennett PM, Blackburn TM, Gaston KJ, Owens IPF (2005) Global hotspots of species richness are not congruent with endemism or threat. Nature 436(7053):1016–1019. doi:10.1038/nature03850
Osten-Sacken CR (1858) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 3 (1) [= No. 102]: xx + 92 pp.
Osten-Sacken CR (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Second edition. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 26 (2) [= No. 270]: xlvii + [2] + 276 pp.
Osten-Sacken CR (1881) An essay of comparative chaetotaxy, or the arrangement of characteristic bristles of Diptera. Mittheilungen des Münchener Entomologischen Vereins 5: 121–138.
Osten-Sacken CR (1884) An essay of comparative chaetotaxy, or the arrangement of characteristic bristles of Diptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1884: 497–517.
Páez, V., 2004. El valor de las colecciones biológicas. Actualidades Biológicas, 26 (81): 2 pp.
Palmer C, Di Falco S (2012) Biodiversity, poverty, and development. Oxf Rev Econ Policy 28(1):48–68. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grs008
Patiño R., M. C. 2015. Estatus museológico del curador en el museo de ciencias naturales. Estudio de caso: Museos de Historia Natural en Bogotá, Colombia. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Artes, Tesis de maestría.
Pape T (1992) Phylogeny of the Tachinidae family-group. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 135: 43–86.
Pape T, Blagoderov V, Mostovski MB (2011) Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. Pp. 222–229. In: Zhang ZQ (Ed) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 237 pp.
Rangel-Ch JO (ed) (1995) Colombia diversidad biótica I. clima, Centros de concentración de especies, fauna. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafe´ de Bogota
Rangel-Ch JO (2006) La biodiversidad de Colombia. Palimpsestos 5:292–304
Reinhard, H.J. (1964) Parasitic flies of the genera Helioprosopa and Euhelioprosopa (Diptera: Tachinidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 40, 117–124.
Reinhard, H.J. (1967) New Nearctic and Neotropical Muscoidean Diptera (Sarcophagidae and Tachinidae). Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 40, 94–110.
Rey, I. F. 2013. Museos, colecciones científicas y ADN. Memorias Revista de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 2ª ép., 11: 53-68.
Richter VA (2004) Fam. Tachinidae—tachinids. In: Sidorenko VS (Ed) Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Volume VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 3. Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 148–398. [In Russian.]
Robineau-Desvoidy JB (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Mémoires présentés par divers Savans a l’Académie Royale des Sciences de l’Institut de France. Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques, Sér. 2, 2: 813 pp.
Rondani C (1856–1880) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. 7 volumes (comprising separate works and instalments in journals). [See Sabrosky (1961), Evenhuis (1997) and O’Hara et al. (2011) for the complicated publication details of this series.]
Sabrosky CW, Arnaud PH Jr (1965) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). Pp. 961–1108. In: Stone A, Sabrosky CW, Wirth WW, Foote RH, Coulson JR (Eds) A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 276: iv + 1696 pp.
Samper C (1997) Linking science and policy: A research agenda for Colombia biodiversity. In: Raven PH, Williams T (eds) Nature and human society: the quest for a sustainable World. National Academy press, Washington, pp 483–491
Santis, M.D. de and Nihei, S.S. (2016) Review of the New World genus Cholomyia (Diptera, Tachinidae), with a new species from Costa Rica. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 60, 217–226.
Schiner JR (1860–1864) Fauna Austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet, mit der Charakteristik sämmtlicher europäischer Gattungen, der Beschreibung aller in Deutschland vorkommenden Arten und der Aufzählung aller bisher beschriebenen europäischen Arten. C Gerold’s Sohn, Wien. lxxx + 2 pls. + 674 pp.
Serna F, Cobo NC, Vergara EV, Quiroz JA, Gaviria AM (2017) Entomología Agrícola. El Patrimonio Social y la Universidad (Tomo 6. Patrimonio de la Nación) In: Restrepo E, Sánchez C, Silva G (Eds) Colección del Sesquicentenario Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Edición Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 284 –317.
Simmons, J. y Muñoz-Saba, Y., 2005.- Tipos de Colecciones: 31-43 (en) Simmons, J. y Muñoz, Y (ed.) Cuidado, manejo y conservación de las colecciones biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
Stiles FG, Cuervo AM, Rosselli L, Boho´rquez CI, Estela F, Arzuza D (2011) Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories: Colombia. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm Accessed 26 Feb 2019
Stireman JO III, O’Hara JE, Wood DM (2006) Tachinidae: evolution, behavior, and ecology. Annual Review of Entomology 51: 525–555 + 2 pls. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151133
Tavares, E Nunez, JE Serrão, MA Soares, CF Wilcken, JC. Zanuncio (2014). Belvosia sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitizing Halysidota sp. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) caterpillars on Ficus benjamina (Moraceae) in Brazil. Florida Entomologist 97: 272–276.
Thompson WR (1961) The tachinids (Diptera) of Trinidad. I. The voriines. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 87: 21–44 + 5 pls.
Thompson WR (1961–1968) The tachinids of Trinidad. Parts I–VIII. [Parts published in five different journals.]
Thompson WR (1963) The tachinids of Trinidad. III. The goniines with microtype eggs (Dipt. Tachinidae). Studia Entomologica 6: 257–404.
Toma, Ronaldo. (2010). Contribuição ao conhecimento de espécies venezuelanas de Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae, Exoristinae), com descrições de novas espécies. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(2), 165-172. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262010000200002
Townsend CHT (1934–1942) Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Privately published by Charles Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo. [Each part individually paginated for a total of ca. 3760 pp.]
Townsend CHT (1935) Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Part II. Muscoid classification and habits. Privately published by Charles Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo. 289 pp. + 9 pls.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1939a) Manual of Myiology, in twelve parts. Part VIII. Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, 405 pp.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1939b) Manual of Myiology, in twelve parts. Part IX. Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, 268 pp.
Tschorsnig HP, Herting B (1994) Die Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae) Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungstabellen und Angaben zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der einzelnen Arten. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) 506: 1–170.
Vallejo, M. Y. y Acosta, A., 2005. Aplicación de indicadores de conocimiento sobre biodiversidad para el diagnostico y comparación de colecciones biológicas. Nova Publ. Cient., 3 (4): 48-57
Vélez R. 1997. Plagas agrícolas de impacto económico en Colombia: bionomía y manejo integrado.Editorial Universidad de Antioquia. 478 p.
Vergara V, García C, Serna F (2008) Memoria del museo entomológico UNAB. Sistema de Patrimonio Cultural y Museos. Colección Cuadernos de museos. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 23 pp.
Vergara V, García C, Serna F (2008) Memoria del museo entomológico UNAB. Sistema de Patrimonio Cultural y Museos. Colección Cuadernos de museos. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 23 pp.
Villeneuve J (1924) Contribution a la classification des “Tachinidae” paléarctiques. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie, Sér. 10 7: 5–39.
Villeneuve J (1933) Contribution a la classification des Tachinariae paléarctiques. Ve Congrès International d’Entomologie, Paris, 18–24 juillet 1932, 2: 243–255.
Vinasco, N., Vallejo, LF, & Soto, A. (2017). NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS Trigonospila POKORNY (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) PARASITISES ADULT Compsus sp. SCHOENHERR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN COLOMBIA. Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 21(2), 207-219. https://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2017.21.2.14
Wainwright CJ (1928) The British Tachinidae (Diptera). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 76: 139–254 + pls. IX–X.
Wilson EO (1984) Biophilia. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Wood DM (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 132: 130 pp.
Wood DM (1987) Tachinidae. In: McAlpine JF, Peterson BV, Shewell GE, Teskey HJ, Vockeroth JR, Wood DM (Eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 2. Agriculture Canada Monograph 28: 1193–1269.
Wood DM, Zumbado MA (2010) Tachinidae (tachinid flies, parasitic flies). In: Brown BV, Borkent A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado MA (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 1343–1417.
Woodley, N.E. & Arnaud, P.A. Jr. (2008a) Lobomyia neotropica, a new genus and species of Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa, 1783, 31–39.
Woodley, N.E. & Arnaud, P.A. Jr. (2008b) Eulobomyia, a new replacement name for Lobomyia Woodley & Arnaud (Diptera:Tachinidae). Zootaxa, 1856, 67–68.
Wulp FM van der (1888–1903) Insecta. Diptera. In: Godman FD, Salvin O (Eds) Biologia Centrali-Americana, or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor & Francis, London. x + 489 pp. + 13 pls.
Yeates DK, Wiegmann BM, Courtney GW, Meier R, Lambkin C, Pape T (2007) Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: two decades of progress and prospects. Zootaxa 1668: 565–590.
Zetterstedt JW (1842–1860) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. 14 volumes. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund]. 6609 pp.
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv xvi, 334 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.country.spa.fl_str_mv Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Bogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Departamento de Agronomía
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/1/1014243999.2019.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/3/license_rdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/4/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/5/1014243999.2019.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv ad152a969063a2d4f3763d7da626aae0
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
6f3f13b02594d02ad110b3ad534cd5df
b523d781b847ded54a62cece3f6f66e4
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1814089356610109440
spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Serna Cardona, Francisco Javierdd337c95-b823-4f7c-a7c0-e2bd1127f328Bautista Zamora, Daniel Mauriciofe4b0ed6-d65d-407b-b49e-c5820fb0d28dSistemática de Insectos Agronomía2020-04-01T16:33:42Z2020-04-01T16:33:42Z2019-12-10https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77396Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, tablasTachinidae (Diptera, Muscomorpha, Calyptratae) es un grupo monofilético y altamente diverso. Cuenta con alrededor de 8.500 especies descritas y constituye la segunda familia de moscas con mayor número de especies. Los taquínidos son parasitoides y atacan una amplia variedad de artrópodos, principalmente insectos fitófagos de los órdenes Lepidoptera, Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthidae y Chrysomelidae), Hymenoptera (“Symphyta”), Hemiptera (Heteroptera) y Orthoptera. Con el objetivo de aportar al conocimiento de Tachinidae en el país, y establecer un marco básico para la taxonomía del grupo como uno de los soportes fundamentales del manejo integrado de plagas, se realizó una sinopsis taxonómica de Tachinidae de Colombia. Se revisaron más de 1000 especímenes y se reconocieron cuatro subfamilias, 24 tribus, 94 géneros y 104 especies. Se registran por primera vez para el país una subfamilia, ocho tribus y 39 géneros; además, se proporcionan nuevos reportes de hospedantes para 25 géneros, entre ellos varios asociados a plantas de cultivo. (Texto tomado de la fuente).Tachinidae (Diptera, Muscomorpha, Calyptratae) is a monophyletic and highly diverse group. It comprises about 8,500 described species, and constitutes the second most speciose family of flies. Tachinids are parasitoids and attack a wide variety of arthropods, mainly phytophagous insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthidae, and Chrysomelidae), Hymenoptera ("Symphyta"), Hemiptera (Heteroptera) and Orthoptera. Aiming to contribute to the knowledge of Tachinidae in the country, and to establish a baseline for the taxonomy of the group as one of the fundamental supports of integrated pest management, I conducted a taxonomic synopsis of Tachinidae from Colombia. I studied over 1000 specimens recognizing four subfamilies, 24 tribes, 94 genera and 104 species. One subfamily, eight tribes and 39 genera are recorded for the first time for the country; additionally, new host records are provided for 25 genera, including several associated with crop plants.Colciencias (Minciencias)MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias AgrariasEntomologíaCiencias Agronómicasxvi, 334 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias AgrariasDepartamento de AgronomíaFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá590 - Animales::595 - ArtrópodosInsectos dañinosEntomología aplicadaTachinidaepest insectsapplied entomologyTachinidaeParasitoidismBiodiversityNeotropicsSouth AmericaBiological controlParasitoidismoBiodiversidadSuramericaNeotrópicoControl biológicoSinopsis taxonómica de las moscas parasitoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) de ColombiaTaxonomic synopsis of Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) of ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMColombiaAldrich JM (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 46 (2) [= No. 1444]: 680 pp.Altieri MA (2009) Agroecology, small farms and food sovereignity. Monthly Review, 61(3), 102–111.Arnaud PH Jr (1958) The entomological publications of Charles Henry Tyler Townsend [1863–1944]; with lists of his new generic and specific names. Microentomology 23: 1–63.Atkinson G, Bateman I, Mourato S (2012) Recent advances in the valuation of ecosystem services and biodiversity. Oxf Rev Econ Policy 28(1):22–47. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grs007Barrett CB, Travis AJ, Dasgupta P (2011) On biodiversity conservation and poverty traps. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(34):13907–13912. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011521108Bernal R, Celis M, Gradstein R (2007) Plant diversity of Colombia catalogued. Taxon 56(1):273Bezzi M, Stein P (1907) Cyclorrapha Aschiza. Cyclorrapha Schizophora: Schizometopa. Pp. 1–747. In: Becker T, Bezzi M, Kertész K, Stein P (Eds) Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren. Band III. Budapest. 828 pp.Brauer F, Bergenstamm JE von (1889–1895) Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV–VII. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Partes I– IV. F Tempsky, Wien.Cantrell BK, Crosskey RW (1989) Family Tachinidae. In: Evenhuis NL (Ed) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. [Bishop Museum Special Publication 86.] Bishop Museum Press, EJ Brill, 733–784.Cerretti P, Tschorsnig H-P, Lopresti M, Di Giovanni F (2012) MOSCHweb — a matrix- based interactive key to the genera of the Palaearctic Tachinidae (Insecta, Diptera). ZooKeys 205: 5–18. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.205.3409Coquillett DW (1897) Revision of the Tachinidae of America north of Mexico. A family of parasitic two-winged insects. United States Department of Agriculture. Division of Entomology. Techinical Series 7: 156 pp.Cristín, A. & Perrilliat, M. C., 2011. Las colecciones científicas y la protección del patrimonio paleontológico. Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex., 63 (3): 421-427.Cruz, B.C.A.; Posada F., F. 2003. Evaluación de la biodiversidad de la zona cafetera colombiana representada en la colección de artrópodos de Cenicafé. Rev. Col. Entomol. 29(2):107-112.Cruz, J. & Sánchez, S. (2015). Aspectos Sobre La Biolog´Ia De La Palomilla Del Cacao Cadra Cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) En Laboratorio. Disponible 50 URL:http://entomologia.univalle.edu.co/boletin/1Palma&Soto.pdf [consulta 19 de septiembre de 2016]Delgado P.N. 2005. Caracterización morfológica de los Sesiidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) perforadores del fruto del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), presentes en la región costera del estado Aragua, Venezuela. Entomotropica 20(2): 97-111Delgadillo, I. y F. Góngora, F., 2009.- Colecciones Biológicas: estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza aprendizaje de la Biología. 2: 2027-1034.Dhawan AK, Peshin R. 2009. Integrated Pest Management: Concept, Opportunities and Challenges. Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process, Vol 1: 51-81.Duckworth, W. D., Genoways, H. H. & Rose, C. L. 1993. Preserving natural science collections: chronicle of our environmental heritage. 140 pp. National Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Property, Inc., Washington, DC.Eggleton P, Belshaw R (1993) Comparisons of dipteran, hymenopteran and coleopteran parasitoids: provisional phylogenetic explanations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 213–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00888.xEmden FI van (1945) Keys to the Ethiopian Tachinidae.—I. Phasiinae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 114 [1944]: 389–436 + 3 pls.Evenhuis NL, O’Hara JE, Pape T, Pont AC (2010) Nomenclatural studies toward a world catalog of Diptera genus-group names. Part I. André-Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy. Zootaxa 2373: 265 pp.Fierro, M. J., 2012. Políticas Mineras en Colombia. Digiprint Editores, E. U.Fleming A, Wood D, Janzen D, Hallwachs W, Smith M (2015) Three new species of Trigonospila Pokorny (Diptera: Tachinidae), from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with a key for their identification. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4595. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4595Fleming A, Wood D, Smith M, Hallwachs W, Janzen D (2018) Revision of the Mesoamerican species of Calolydella Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) and description of twenty-three new species reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e11223. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e11223Frey R (1921) Studien über den Bau des Mundes der niederen Diptera Schizophora nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik dieser Dipterengruppe. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 48 (3): 245 + [2] pp. + 10 pls.Gaston KJ, Spicer JI (2004) Biodiversity: an introduction, 2nd edn. Blackwell, OxfordGirschner E (1893) Beitrag zur Systematik der Musciden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 297–312.Girschner E (1896) Ein neues Musciden-System auf Grund der Thoracalbeborstung und der Segmentierung des Hinterleibes. Jllustrierte Wochenschrift für Entomologie 1: 12–16, 30– 32, 61–64, 105–112.Guimarães JH (1971) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 104: 333 pp.Hernández, M.P.; Bellotti, A.C.; Cardona, C.; Lapointe, S.; Pantoja, A. 1995. Organización y Utilidad de una Colección de Insectos para referencia y en Cuatro Cultivos Tropicales. Rev. Col. Entomol. 21(1):59-62.Herting B (1984) Catalogue of Palearctic Tachinidae (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) 369: 228 pp.IAvH (1998) Informe nacional sobre el estado de la biodiversidad Colombia 1997 vol Tomo I: Diversidad Biológica. Instituto Humboldt, PNUMA, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Santa Fe de BogotaIUCN (2012) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2012.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/amphibians/analysis/geographic-patterns. Accessed 26 Feb 2019Kier G, Kreft H, Lee TM, Jetz W, Ibisch PL, Nowicki C, Mutke J, Barthlott W (2009) A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(23):9322–9327. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810306106Kutty SN, Pape T, Wiegmann BM, Meier R (2010) Molecular phylogeny of the Calyptratae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) with an emphasis on the superfamily Oestroidea and the position of Mystacinobiidae and McAlpine’s fly. Systematic Entomology 35: 614–635.Malloch JR (1923) A new character for differentiating the families of Muscoidea (Dipt.). Entomological News 34: 57–58.Mares, M.A. 1993. Natural history museums: bridging the past and the future. En: C.L. Rose, S.L. Williams & J. Gisbert (Eds.) Current Issues, Initiatives, and Future Directions for the Preservation and Conservation of Natural History Collections. Vol. III. págs. 367-404. Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Comunidad de Madrid. Madrid.McAlpine JF (1989) Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha. Pp. 1397–1518. In: McAlpine JF, Wood DM (Eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 3. Agriculture Canada Monograph 32: vi + 1333–1581.Medina-Gaud, S., Abreu, E., Gallardo, F., & Franqui, R. A. (1989). Natural enemies of the melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico. (Etapa III); Vol. 73, No. 4Meigen JW (1803) Versuch einer neuen GattungsEintheilung der europäischen zweiflügligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde 2: 259–281.Mesa R., D. P., & Bernal, A. A. (2005). Protocolos para la preservación y manejo de colecciones biológicas. Boletín Científico - Centro de Museos, 10, 117 - 148.Mesnil LP (1939) Essai sur les tachinaires (Larvaevoridae). Monographies publiées par les Stations et Laboratoires de Recherches Agronomiques 7: 67 + v pp.Mesnil LP (1944–1975) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10: 1–1435 + pls. I–XXVII.Mesnil LP (1946) Revision des Phorocerini de l’Ancien Monde (Larvaevoridae). Encyclopédie Entomologique. Série B. Mémoires et Notes. II. Diptera 10: 37–80.Mesnil LP (1950) Notice sur Joseph Villeneuve de Janti avec liste bibliographique. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 26 (7): 1–22.Mesnil LP (1956–1965) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). [II. Phorocerini oder Exoristini.] Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10: 555–879 + pls. XVIII –XXVII.Mesnil LP (1966) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10 (Lieferung 263): 881–928.Mesnil LP (1966–1975) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). [III. Larvaevorini oder Tachinini.] Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10: 881–1374.Mesnil LP (1975a) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10 (Lieferung 309): 1305–1384.Mesnil LP (1975b) 64g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 10 (Lieferung 312): 1385–1435.Mesnil LP (1980) 64f. Dexiinae. Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 9 (Lieferung 323): 1–52.Mihályi F (1986) Diptera II. Tachinidae—Rhinophoridae. Fauna Hungariae 161: 425 pp. [In Hungarian]MINAMBIENTE. (27 de Junio de 2013). Decreto 1375. Bogotá, ColombiaMuseo Nacional de Colombia, Programa Red Nacional de Museos. 2009. Curaduría en un museo. Nociones básicas. Ministerio de Cultura. Colombia.Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403(6772):853–858. doi:10.1038/35002501León-Burgos AF, Murillo-Pacheco JI, Bautista-Zamora D, Quinto J (2019) Insectos benéficos asociados a plantas arvenses atrayentes en agroecosistemas del Piedemonte de la Orinoquia Colombiana. Cuadernos de biodiversidad 56 (2019): 1-14Oberhauser, K. S., & Powell, J. A. (1992). Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is the host of Paradejeania rutilioides (Jaennicke) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in central coastal California The Pan-Pacific entomologist., 68O’Hara JE (1989) Systematics of the genus group taxa of the Siphonini (Diptera: Tachinidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 25: 1–229.O’Hara JE, Wood DM (1998) Tachinidae (Diptera): nomenclatural review and changes, primarily for America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist 130: 751–774.O’Hara JE (2002) Revision of the Polideini (Tachinidae) of America north of Mexico. Studia Dipterologica. Supplement 10: 170 pp.O’Hara, J.E. & Henderson, S.J. 2018. World genera of the Tachinidae (Diptera) and their regional occurrence. Version 10.0. PDF document, 89 pp. Available from: http://www.nadsdiptera.org/Tach/WorldTachs/Genera/Gentach_ver10.pdf (accessed [22 Feb 2019]).O’Hara, J.E., Henderson, S.J. & Wood, D.M. 2019. Preliminary checklist of the Tachinidae of the world. Version 1.0. PDF document, 681 pages. Available at: http://www.nadsdiptera.org/Tach/WorldTachs/Checklist/Worldchecklist.html (accessed [1 May 2019]).Ordaz-Silva, S., G. Gallegos-Morales, R. Sánchez-Peña, M. Flores-Dávila, M. A. SalasMarina, and J. Landeros-Flores. (2014). First records of Lespesia postica and Vibrissina mexicana (Tachinidae) as parasitoids of Monoctenus sanchezi (Diprionidae). Southwest. Entomol. 39: 511–516.Orme CDL, Davies RG, Burgess M, Eigenbrod F, Pickup N, Olson VA, Webster AJ, Ding T-S, Rasmussen PC, Ridgely RS, Stattersfield AJ, Bennett PM, Blackburn TM, Gaston KJ, Owens IPF (2005) Global hotspots of species richness are not congruent with endemism or threat. Nature 436(7053):1016–1019. doi:10.1038/nature03850Osten-Sacken CR (1858) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 3 (1) [= No. 102]: xx + 92 pp.Osten-Sacken CR (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Second edition. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 26 (2) [= No. 270]: xlvii + [2] + 276 pp.Osten-Sacken CR (1881) An essay of comparative chaetotaxy, or the arrangement of characteristic bristles of Diptera. Mittheilungen des Münchener Entomologischen Vereins 5: 121–138.Osten-Sacken CR (1884) An essay of comparative chaetotaxy, or the arrangement of characteristic bristles of Diptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1884: 497–517.Páez, V., 2004. El valor de las colecciones biológicas. Actualidades Biológicas, 26 (81): 2 pp.Palmer C, Di Falco S (2012) Biodiversity, poverty, and development. Oxf Rev Econ Policy 28(1):48–68. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grs008Patiño R., M. C. 2015. Estatus museológico del curador en el museo de ciencias naturales. Estudio de caso: Museos de Historia Natural en Bogotá, Colombia. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Artes, Tesis de maestría.Pape T (1992) Phylogeny of the Tachinidae family-group. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 135: 43–86.Pape T, Blagoderov V, Mostovski MB (2011) Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. Pp. 222–229. In: Zhang ZQ (Ed) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 237 pp.Rangel-Ch JO (ed) (1995) Colombia diversidad biótica I. clima, Centros de concentración de especies, fauna. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafe´ de BogotaRangel-Ch JO (2006) La biodiversidad de Colombia. Palimpsestos 5:292–304Reinhard, H.J. (1964) Parasitic flies of the genera Helioprosopa and Euhelioprosopa (Diptera: Tachinidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 40, 117–124.Reinhard, H.J. (1967) New Nearctic and Neotropical Muscoidean Diptera (Sarcophagidae and Tachinidae). Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 40, 94–110.Rey, I. F. 2013. Museos, colecciones científicas y ADN. Memorias Revista de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 2ª ép., 11: 53-68.Richter VA (2004) Fam. Tachinidae—tachinids. In: Sidorenko VS (Ed) Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Volume VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 3. Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 148–398. [In Russian.]Robineau-Desvoidy JB (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Mémoires présentés par divers Savans a l’Académie Royale des Sciences de l’Institut de France. Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques, Sér. 2, 2: 813 pp.Rondani C (1856–1880) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. 7 volumes (comprising separate works and instalments in journals). [See Sabrosky (1961), Evenhuis (1997) and O’Hara et al. (2011) for the complicated publication details of this series.]Sabrosky CW, Arnaud PH Jr (1965) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). Pp. 961–1108. In: Stone A, Sabrosky CW, Wirth WW, Foote RH, Coulson JR (Eds) A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 276: iv + 1696 pp.Samper C (1997) Linking science and policy: A research agenda for Colombia biodiversity. In: Raven PH, Williams T (eds) Nature and human society: the quest for a sustainable World. National Academy press, Washington, pp 483–491Santis, M.D. de and Nihei, S.S. (2016) Review of the New World genus Cholomyia (Diptera, Tachinidae), with a new species from Costa Rica. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 60, 217–226.Schiner JR (1860–1864) Fauna Austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet, mit der Charakteristik sämmtlicher europäischer Gattungen, der Beschreibung aller in Deutschland vorkommenden Arten und der Aufzählung aller bisher beschriebenen europäischen Arten. C Gerold’s Sohn, Wien. lxxx + 2 pls. + 674 pp.Serna F, Cobo NC, Vergara EV, Quiroz JA, Gaviria AM (2017) Entomología Agrícola. El Patrimonio Social y la Universidad (Tomo 6. Patrimonio de la Nación) In: Restrepo E, Sánchez C, Silva G (Eds) Colección del Sesquicentenario Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Edición Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 284 –317.Simmons, J. y Muñoz-Saba, Y., 2005.- Tipos de Colecciones: 31-43 (en) Simmons, J. y Muñoz, Y (ed.) Cuidado, manejo y conservación de las colecciones biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.Stiles FG, Cuervo AM, Rosselli L, Boho´rquez CI, Estela F, Arzuza D (2011) Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories: Colombia. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm Accessed 26 Feb 2019Stireman JO III, O’Hara JE, Wood DM (2006) Tachinidae: evolution, behavior, and ecology. Annual Review of Entomology 51: 525–555 + 2 pls. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151133Tavares, E Nunez, JE Serrão, MA Soares, CF Wilcken, JC. Zanuncio (2014). Belvosia sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitizing Halysidota sp. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) caterpillars on Ficus benjamina (Moraceae) in Brazil. Florida Entomologist 97: 272–276.Thompson WR (1961) The tachinids (Diptera) of Trinidad. I. The voriines. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 87: 21–44 + 5 pls.Thompson WR (1961–1968) The tachinids of Trinidad. Parts I–VIII. [Parts published in five different journals.]Thompson WR (1963) The tachinids of Trinidad. III. The goniines with microtype eggs (Dipt. Tachinidae). Studia Entomologica 6: 257–404.Toma, Ronaldo. (2010). Contribuição ao conhecimento de espécies venezuelanas de Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae, Exoristinae), com descrições de novas espécies. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(2), 165-172. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262010000200002Townsend CHT (1934–1942) Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Privately published by Charles Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo. [Each part individually paginated for a total of ca. 3760 pp.]Townsend CHT (1935) Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Part II. Muscoid classification and habits. Privately published by Charles Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo. 289 pp. + 9 pls.Townsend, C.H.T. (1939a) Manual of Myiology, in twelve parts. Part VIII. Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, 405 pp.Townsend, C.H.T. (1939b) Manual of Myiology, in twelve parts. Part IX. Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, 268 pp.Tschorsnig HP, Herting B (1994) Die Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae) Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungstabellen und Angaben zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der einzelnen Arten. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) 506: 1–170.Vallejo, M. Y. y Acosta, A., 2005. Aplicación de indicadores de conocimiento sobre biodiversidad para el diagnostico y comparación de colecciones biológicas. Nova Publ. Cient., 3 (4): 48-57Vélez R. 1997. Plagas agrícolas de impacto económico en Colombia: bionomía y manejo integrado.Editorial Universidad de Antioquia. 478 p.Vergara V, García C, Serna F (2008) Memoria del museo entomológico UNAB. Sistema de Patrimonio Cultural y Museos. Colección Cuadernos de museos. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 23 pp.Vergara V, García C, Serna F (2008) Memoria del museo entomológico UNAB. Sistema de Patrimonio Cultural y Museos. Colección Cuadernos de museos. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 23 pp.Villeneuve J (1924) Contribution a la classification des “Tachinidae” paléarctiques. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie, Sér. 10 7: 5–39.Villeneuve J (1933) Contribution a la classification des Tachinariae paléarctiques. Ve Congrès International d’Entomologie, Paris, 18–24 juillet 1932, 2: 243–255.Vinasco, N., Vallejo, LF, & Soto, A. (2017). NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS Trigonospila POKORNY (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) PARASITISES ADULT Compsus sp. SCHOENHERR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN COLOMBIA. Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 21(2), 207-219. https://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2017.21.2.14Wainwright CJ (1928) The British Tachinidae (Diptera). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 76: 139–254 + pls. IX–X.Wilson EO (1984) Biophilia. Harvard University Press, CambridgeWood DM (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 132: 130 pp.Wood DM (1987) Tachinidae. In: McAlpine JF, Peterson BV, Shewell GE, Teskey HJ, Vockeroth JR, Wood DM (Eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 2. Agriculture Canada Monograph 28: 1193–1269.Wood DM, Zumbado MA (2010) Tachinidae (tachinid flies, parasitic flies). In: Brown BV, Borkent A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado MA (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 1343–1417.Woodley, N.E. & Arnaud, P.A. Jr. (2008a) Lobomyia neotropica, a new genus and species of Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa, 1783, 31–39.Woodley, N.E. & Arnaud, P.A. Jr. (2008b) Eulobomyia, a new replacement name for Lobomyia Woodley & Arnaud (Diptera:Tachinidae). Zootaxa, 1856, 67–68.Wulp FM van der (1888–1903) Insecta. Diptera. In: Godman FD, Salvin O (Eds) Biologia Centrali-Americana, or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Volume 2. Taylor & Francis, London. x + 489 pp. + 13 pls.Yeates DK, Wiegmann BM, Courtney GW, Meier R, Lambkin C, Pape T (2007) Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: two decades of progress and prospects. Zootaxa 1668: 565–590.Zetterstedt JW (1842–1860) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. 14 volumes. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund]. 6609 pp.InvestigadoresEstudiantesPúblico generalORIGINAL1014243999.2019.pdf1014243999.2019.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ciencias Agrariasapplication/pdf19310493https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/1/1014243999.2019.pdfad152a969063a2d4f3763d7da626aae0MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/3/license_rdf42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83991https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/4/license.txt6f3f13b02594d02ad110b3ad534cd5dfMD54THUMBNAIL1014243999.2019.pdf.jpg1014243999.2019.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4227https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/77396/5/1014243999.2019.pdf.jpgb523d781b847ded54a62cece3f6f66e4MD55unal/77396oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/773962023-07-08 23:04:19.247Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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