Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata

fotografías a color, ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas

Autores:
Gonzalez Rodriguez, Miguel Oswaldo
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81970
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81970
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
610 - Medicina y salud
580 - Plantas
Bioquímica vegetal
Plant biochemistry
Polygala paniculata
Antioxidante
Neuroprotector
Fitoquímica
Flavonoides
Neurodegenerativo
Herbolaria china
Antioxidant
Neuroprotective
Phytochemical
Flavonoids
Neurodegenerative
Chinese herbal medicine
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_4c76005889b493980d48da4cf968282a
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81970
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Contribution to the phytochemistry, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity and the possible neuroprotective effect of the species Polygala paniculata
title Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
spellingShingle Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
610 - Medicina y salud
580 - Plantas
Bioquímica vegetal
Plant biochemistry
Polygala paniculata
Antioxidante
Neuroprotector
Fitoquímica
Flavonoides
Neurodegenerativo
Herbolaria china
Antioxidant
Neuroprotective
Phytochemical
Flavonoids
Neurodegenerative
Chinese herbal medicine
title_short Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
title_full Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
title_fullStr Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
title_full_unstemmed Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
title_sort Contribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculata
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Gonzalez Rodriguez, Miguel Oswaldo
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Rojas Cardozo, Maritza Adelina
Vasquez Londono, Carlos Alberto
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Gonzalez Rodriguez, Miguel Oswaldo
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 610 - Medicina y salud
580 - Plantas
topic 610 - Medicina y salud
580 - Plantas
Bioquímica vegetal
Plant biochemistry
Polygala paniculata
Antioxidante
Neuroprotector
Fitoquímica
Flavonoides
Neurodegenerativo
Herbolaria china
Antioxidant
Neuroprotective
Phytochemical
Flavonoids
Neurodegenerative
Chinese herbal medicine
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Bioquímica vegetal
Plant biochemistry
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Polygala paniculata
Antioxidante
Neuroprotector
Fitoquímica
Flavonoides
Neurodegenerativo
Herbolaria china
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Antioxidant
Neuroprotective
Phytochemical
Flavonoids
Neurodegenerative
Chinese herbal medicine
description fotografías a color, ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-08-18T21:46:06Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-08-18T21:46:06Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-08-17
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81970
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81970
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Klein LC, de Andrade SF, Cechinel Filho V. A pharmacognostic approach to the Polygala genus: phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. Chem Biodivers. 2012 Feb;9(2):181–209.
Alzate Guarin F. Redescubriendo a Polygala corifolia (Polygalaceae) después de 170 años de su descripción. Acta biol Colomb. 2016 Aug 30;21(3):645.
Lacaille-Dubois M-A, Delaude C, Mitaine-Offer A-C. A review on the phytopharmacological studies of the genus Polygala. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Mar 1; 249:112417.
Farina M, Franco JL, Ribas CM, Meotti FC, Missau FC, Pizzolatti MG, et al. Protective effects of Polygala paniculata extract against methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;57(11):1503–8.
Consejo interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Estrategia en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Madrid, España: MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD, SERVICIOS SOCIALES E IGUALDAD; 2016 Apr. Report No.: 680- 16-030–3.
THE PLANT LIST, A working list of the all plant species [Internet]. THE PLANT LIST, A working list of the all plant species. 2012 [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2555416
Universidad Nacional de Colombia: [Internet]. [cited 2021 Jun 15]. Available from: http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co/es/resultados/especie/Polygala%20paniculata/
Gupta MP, Solís PN, Calderón AI, Guionneau-Sinclair F, Correa M, Galdames C, et al. Medical ethnobotany of the Teribes of Bocas del Toro, Panama. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;96(3):389–401.
Nguyen X-M-A, Bun S-S, Ollivier E, Dang T-P-T. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by K’Ho-Cil people for treatment of diarrhea in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. J Herb Med. 2020 Feb;19:100320.
Hermano D. Plantas Utilizadas en los Laboratorios de Farmacia [Internet]. 1960 [cited 2021 Mar 3]. Available from: https://revistas.upb.edu.co
Farina M, Aschner M. Glutathione antioxidant system and methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: An intriguing interplay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019 Jan 16;1863(12):129285.
Franco JL, Braga HC, Stringari J, Missau FC, Posser T, Mendes BG, et al. Mercurial-induced hydrogen peroxide generation in mouse brain mitochondria: protective effects of quercetin. Chem Res Toxicol. 2007 Dec;20(12):1919–26.
Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Plants of the World Online [Internet]. About Plants of the World Online. 2019 [cited 2021 Mar 30]. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/
Xu SL, Zhu KY, Bi CWC, Yan L, Men SWX, Dong TTX, et al. Flavonoids, derived from traditional Chinese medicines, show roles in the differentiation of neurons: possible targets in developing health food products. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2013 Dec;99(4):292–9.
Reynaldo I, Cartaya O. Flavonoides: Características químicas y aplicaciones. Cultivos Tropicales. 2001.
Forni C, Facchiano F, Bartoli M, Pieretti S, Facchiano A, D’Arcangelo D, et al. Beneficial Role of Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Apr 7;2019:8748253.
Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Kabir MT, Ahmad J, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, et al. Neuroprotective role of polyphenols against oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 5;886:173412.
Pastore JFB, Abbott JR, Neubig KM, Van Den Berg C, Mota MCDA, Cabral A, et al. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala (Polygalaceae). Taxon. 2019 Aug;68(4):673–91.
Maher P. The potential of flavonoids for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 22;20(12).
Abbott R. PHYLOGENY OF THE POLYGALACEAE AND A REVISION OF BADIERA . UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; 2009.
Kubitzki K, editor. Flowering Plants · Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2007.
Martins-Silva C, de Souza Pinho N, Ferreira GG, Aguiar RM, Ferreira TA, Pires RGW, et al. Polygala sabulosa A.W. Bennett extract mitigates motor and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of acute ischemia. Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Mar;36(3):453– 62.
Ficha de Polygala tenuifolia - Botánica Y Jardines [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 13]. Available from: http://www.botanicayjardines.com/polygala-tenuifolia/
Jiang N, Wei S, Zhang Y, He W, Pei H, Huang H, et al. Protective effects and mechanism of radix polygalae against neurological diseases as well as effective substance. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 17;12:688703.
Zhao X, Cui Y, Wu P, Zhao P, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, et al. Polygalae Radix: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. Fitoterapia. 2020 Nov;147:104759.
Ba Y, Wang M, Zhang K, Chen Q, Wang J, Lv H, et al. Intestinal absorption profile of three polygala oligosaccharide esters in polygalae radix and the effects of other components in polygalae radix on their absorption. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 2;2019:1379531.
Wagner H, Püls S, Barghouti T, Staudinger A, Melchart D. Radix polygalae – yuanzhi. In: Wagner H, Püls S, Barghouti T, Staudinger A, Melchart D, editors. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of herbal medicines volume V. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 103–15.
Deng X, Zhao S, Liu X, Han L, Wang R, Hao H, et al. Polygala tenuifolia: a source for anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):410–6.
Li Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu X, Chang Q, Guo Z, et al. Memory-Enhancing Effects of the Crude Extract of Polygala tenuifolia on Aged Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014 Mar 12;2014:392324.
Sun X-L, Ito H, Masuoka T, Kamei C, Hatano T. Effect of Polygala tenuifolia root extract on scopolamine-induced impairment of rat spatial cognition in an eight-arm radial maze task. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Sep;30(9):1727–31.
Yu L, Sun L, Chen S. Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats. Exp Ther Med. 2014 Apr;7(4):821–6.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia [Internet]. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co/es/resultados/especie/Polygala%20pa niculata/. 2015 [cited 2021 Jun 15]. Available from: http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
Farina M, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mechanisms of methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: evidence from experimental studies. Life Sci. 2011 Oct 10;89(15– 16):555–63.
Franco JL, Posser T, Missau F, Pizzolatti MG, Dos Santos ARS, Souza DO, et al. Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids derived from medicinal plants in preventing methylmercury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010 Nov 1;30(3):272–8.
Bettio LEB, Machado DG, Cunha MP, Capra JC, Missau FC, Santos ARS, et al. Antidepressant-like effect of extract from Polygala paniculata: involvement of the monoaminergic systems. Pharm Biol. 2011 Dec;49(12):1277–85.
Nogueira FLP, Fernandes SBO, Reis GM, Matheus ME, Fernandes PD, Lage CLS, et al. Atividade analgésica e antiedematogênica de Polygala paniculata L. (Polygalaceae) selvagem e obtida por micropropagação. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2005 Dec;15(4).
Simanjuntak HA, Gurning K. UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA TUMBUHAN BALSEM (Polygala paniculata L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionebacterium acnes PENYEBAB JERAWAT. eksakta. 2020 Aug 2;5(2):133.
Hamburger M, Gupta M, Hostettmann K. Coumarins from Polygala paniculata. Planta Med. 1985 Jun;(3):215–7.
Pizzolatti MG, Cristiano R, Monache FD, Branco A. Artefatos cumarínicos isolados de Polygala paniculata L. (Polygalaceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2002;12(1).
Cristiano R, Pizzolatti MG, Monache FD, Rezende CM, Branco A. Two Xanthones from Polygala paniculata and Confirmation of the 1-Hydroxy- 2,3,5-trimethoxy xanthone at Trace Level by HRGC-MS. Z Naturforsch C. 2003 Aug 1;58(7–8):490– 4.
Pizzolatti MG, Mendes BG, Soldi C, Carasek E. Analysis of Volatile Compounds Released From Flowers and Roots of Polygala cyparissias and Polygala paniculata by Headspace. 2009 May.
Victório CP, Beltrami J, Celso Luiz Salgueiro Lage. Polygala paniculata: a source of methyl salicylate produced through plant tissue culture. 2011 Jun.
Singh A, Kukreti R, Saso L, Kukreti S. Oxidative stress: A key modulator in neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules. 2019 Apr 22;24(8).
Vila M, Przedborski S. Targeting programmed cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 May;4(5):365–75.
Flavonoides [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 12]. Available from: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-offarm-4-pdf-13028951
Pino N, Álvarez R, Prado G. Determinación de metabolitos secundarios por cromatografía en capa delgada a especies con uso etnomedicinal como estrategia pedagógica en el aula de clase | . Rev Asoc Col Cienc(Col),. 2017.
Marghitas LA. The Development of a Biochemical Profile of Acacia Honey by Identifying Biochemical Determinants of its Quality [Internet]. (8) (PDF) The Development of a Biochemical Profile of Acacia Honey by Identifying Biochemical Determinants of its Quality. 2010 [cited 2022 Jun 12]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235339573_The_Development_of_a_Biochemical_Profile_of_Acacia_Honey_byIdentifying_ Biochemical_Determinants_of_its_Quality.
Marina D, Avella G, Alberto C, García O, Cisneros A. Medición de Fenoles y Actividad Antioxidante en Malezas Usadas para Alimentación Animal. undefined. 2008.
Kuskoski EM, Asuero AG, Troncoso AM, Mancini-Filho J, Fett R. Aplicación de diversos métodos químicos para determinar actividad antioxidante en pulpa de frutos. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment. 2005 Dec;25(4):726–32.
Sandoval-Avila S, Diaz NF, Gómez-Pinedo U, Canales-Aguirre AA, Gutiérrez Mercado YK, Padilla-Camberos E, et al. Neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals on dopaminergic neuron cultures. Neurologia. 2019 Mar;34(2):114–24.
ANTIOXIDANTES EN ALIMENTOS Y SALUD - PDF Free Download [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https://docplayer.es/57194382-Antioxidantes en-alimentos-y-salud.html.
Batista ÂG, Ferrari AS, da Cunha DC, da Silva JK, Cazarin CBB, Correa LC, et al. Polyphenols, antioxidants, and antimutagenic effects of Copaifera langsdorffii fruit. Food Chem. 2016 Apr 15;197 Pt B:1153–9.
Cassidy A, Rimm EB, O’Reilly EJ, Logroscino G, Kay C, Chiuve SE, et al. Dietary flavonoids and risk of stroke in women. Stroke. 2012 Apr;43(4):946–51.
Schneider H, Schwiertz A, Collins MD, Blaut M. Anaerobic transformation of quercetin-3-glucoside by bacteria from the human intestinal tract. Arch Microbiol. 1999 Jan;171(2):81–91
Park BC, Lee YS, Park H-J, Kwak M-K, Yoo BK, Kim JY, et al. Protective effects of fustin, a flavonoid from Rhus verniciflua Stokes, on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death. Exp Mol Med. 2007 Jun 30;39(3):316–26.
Bakoyiannis I, Daskalopoulou A, Pergialiotis V, Perrea D. Phytochemicals and cognitive health: Are flavonoids doing the trick? Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;109:1488–97.
Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A. Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2012 Apr 10;78(15):1138–45.
Kim GH, Kim JE, Rhie SJ, Yoon S. The role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Neurobiol. 2015 Dec;24(4):325–40
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv xvii, 72 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Medicina Alternativa
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81970/1/19250130.2022.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81970/2/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81970/3/19250130.2022.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 2b9cba2836cb1eec74856c845350017f
8153f7789df02f0a4c9e079953658ab2
509de4fd325f79d8d897c1c1ce4aa110
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1814090056663564288
spelling Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Rojas Cardozo, Maritza Adelina9d32c1715381eac0c7a1b3f80a99218cVasquez Londono, Carlos Alberto313cf642da37fd6ffce00a6d52f21976Gonzalez Rodriguez, Miguel Oswaldo9fcae299881cc034e9f59b9e030630ea2022-08-18T21:46:06Z2022-08-18T21:46:06Z2022-08-17https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81970Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/fotografías a color, ilustraciones, gráficas, tablasLa herbolaria china ocupa un lugar muy importante dentro de las terapias que conforman la Medicina Tradicional China. En Colombia, por las limitaciones en la consecución de los medicamentos herbales de origen asiático es necesario encontrar especies medicinales similares en nuestra flora. Se escogió la especie Polygala paniculata por su cercanía taxonómica con la especie Polygala tenuifolia de la herbolaria en China, la cual cuenta con estudios previos sobre su efecto neuroprotector, constituyéndose en una especie promisoria para el tratamiento para enfermedades neurodegenerativas, que afectan la salud pública. Se estudió la fitoquímica de las raíces y de las partes aéreas de la especie Polygala paniculata, donde se detectaron metabolitos secundarios como flavonoides, terpenos/esteroides y cumarinas, además se evaluó su capacidad antioxidante y se analizó cualitativa y cuantitativamente la presencia de flavonoides. La comparación con la fitoquímica de Polygala tenuifolia mostró apreciables diferencias. La revisión bibliográfica realizada, vincula algunos flavonoides con el efecto neuroprotector, lo cual permite considerar los resultados preliminares como promisorios sobre el potencial neuroproctector de Polygala paniculata y se requerirá de investigaciones adicionales para su confirmación. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Contribution to the phytochemistry, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity and the possible neuroprotective effect of the species Polygala paniculata Chinese herbalism occupies a very important place within the therapies that make up Traditional Chinese Medicine. In Colombia, due to the limitations in obtaining herbal medicines of Asian origin, it is necessary to find similar medicinal species in our flora. The Polygala paniculata species was chosen due to its taxonomic closeness to the Polygala tenuifolia species of herbal medicine in China, which has previous studies on its neuroprotective effect, becoming a promising species for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that affect public health. The phytochemistry of the roots and aerial parts of the Polygala paniculata species was studied, where secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenes/steroids and coumarins were detected, their antioxidant capacity was also evaluated and the presence of flavonoids was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The comparison with the phytochemistry of Polygala tenuifolia showed appreciable differences. The bibliographic review carried out links some flavonoids with the neuroprotective effect, which allows us to consider the preliminary results as promising on the neuroprotective potential of Polygala paniculata and additional research will be required for confirmation.MaestríaMagíster en Medicina AlternativaAcupuntura y Medicina Tradicional ChinaArchivo texto ilustrado a color en formato PDFColor illustrated text file in PDF formatxvii, 72 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Medicina AlternativaFacultad de MedicinaBogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá610 - Medicina y salud580 - PlantasBioquímica vegetalPlant biochemistryPolygala paniculataAntioxidanteNeuroprotectorFitoquímicaFlavonoidesNeurodegenerativoHerbolaria chinaAntioxidantNeuroprotectivePhytochemicalFlavonoidsNeurodegenerativeChinese herbal medicineContribución a la fitoquímica, a la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y el posible efecto neuroprotector de la especie Polygala paniculataContribution to the phytochemistry, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity and the possible neuroprotective effect of the species Polygala paniculataTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMKlein LC, de Andrade SF, Cechinel Filho V. A pharmacognostic approach to the Polygala genus: phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. Chem Biodivers. 2012 Feb;9(2):181–209.Alzate Guarin F. Redescubriendo a Polygala corifolia (Polygalaceae) después de 170 años de su descripción. Acta biol Colomb. 2016 Aug 30;21(3):645.Lacaille-Dubois M-A, Delaude C, Mitaine-Offer A-C. A review on the phytopharmacological studies of the genus Polygala. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Mar 1; 249:112417.Farina M, Franco JL, Ribas CM, Meotti FC, Missau FC, Pizzolatti MG, et al. Protective effects of Polygala paniculata extract against methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;57(11):1503–8.Consejo interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Estrategia en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Madrid, España: MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD, SERVICIOS SOCIALES E IGUALDAD; 2016 Apr. Report No.: 680- 16-030–3.THE PLANT LIST, A working list of the all plant species [Internet]. THE PLANT LIST, A working list of the all plant species. 2012 [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2555416Universidad Nacional de Colombia: [Internet]. [cited 2021 Jun 15]. Available from: http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co/es/resultados/especie/Polygala%20paniculata/Gupta MP, Solís PN, Calderón AI, Guionneau-Sinclair F, Correa M, Galdames C, et al. Medical ethnobotany of the Teribes of Bocas del Toro, Panama. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;96(3):389–401.Nguyen X-M-A, Bun S-S, Ollivier E, Dang T-P-T. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by K’Ho-Cil people for treatment of diarrhea in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. J Herb Med. 2020 Feb;19:100320.Hermano D. Plantas Utilizadas en los Laboratorios de Farmacia [Internet]. 1960 [cited 2021 Mar 3]. Available from: https://revistas.upb.edu.coFarina M, Aschner M. Glutathione antioxidant system and methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: An intriguing interplay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019 Jan 16;1863(12):129285.Franco JL, Braga HC, Stringari J, Missau FC, Posser T, Mendes BG, et al. Mercurial-induced hydrogen peroxide generation in mouse brain mitochondria: protective effects of quercetin. Chem Res Toxicol. 2007 Dec;20(12):1919–26.Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Plants of the World Online [Internet]. About Plants of the World Online. 2019 [cited 2021 Mar 30]. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/Xu SL, Zhu KY, Bi CWC, Yan L, Men SWX, Dong TTX, et al. Flavonoids, derived from traditional Chinese medicines, show roles in the differentiation of neurons: possible targets in developing health food products. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2013 Dec;99(4):292–9.Reynaldo I, Cartaya O. Flavonoides: Características químicas y aplicaciones. Cultivos Tropicales. 2001.Forni C, Facchiano F, Bartoli M, Pieretti S, Facchiano A, D’Arcangelo D, et al. Beneficial Role of Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Apr 7;2019:8748253.Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Kabir MT, Ahmad J, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, et al. Neuroprotective role of polyphenols against oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 5;886:173412.Pastore JFB, Abbott JR, Neubig KM, Van Den Berg C, Mota MCDA, Cabral A, et al. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala (Polygalaceae). Taxon. 2019 Aug;68(4):673–91.Maher P. The potential of flavonoids for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 22;20(12).Abbott R. PHYLOGENY OF THE POLYGALACEAE AND A REVISION OF BADIERA . UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; 2009.Kubitzki K, editor. Flowering Plants · Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2007.Martins-Silva C, de Souza Pinho N, Ferreira GG, Aguiar RM, Ferreira TA, Pires RGW, et al. Polygala sabulosa A.W. Bennett extract mitigates motor and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of acute ischemia. Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Mar;36(3):453– 62.Ficha de Polygala tenuifolia - Botánica Y Jardines [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 13]. Available from: http://www.botanicayjardines.com/polygala-tenuifolia/Jiang N, Wei S, Zhang Y, He W, Pei H, Huang H, et al. Protective effects and mechanism of radix polygalae against neurological diseases as well as effective substance. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 17;12:688703.Zhao X, Cui Y, Wu P, Zhao P, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, et al. Polygalae Radix: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. Fitoterapia. 2020 Nov;147:104759.Ba Y, Wang M, Zhang K, Chen Q, Wang J, Lv H, et al. Intestinal absorption profile of three polygala oligosaccharide esters in polygalae radix and the effects of other components in polygalae radix on their absorption. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 2;2019:1379531.Wagner H, Püls S, Barghouti T, Staudinger A, Melchart D. Radix polygalae – yuanzhi. In: Wagner H, Püls S, Barghouti T, Staudinger A, Melchart D, editors. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of herbal medicines volume V. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 103–15.Deng X, Zhao S, Liu X, Han L, Wang R, Hao H, et al. Polygala tenuifolia: a source for anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):410–6.Li Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu X, Chang Q, Guo Z, et al. Memory-Enhancing Effects of the Crude Extract of Polygala tenuifolia on Aged Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014 Mar 12;2014:392324.Sun X-L, Ito H, Masuoka T, Kamei C, Hatano T. Effect of Polygala tenuifolia root extract on scopolamine-induced impairment of rat spatial cognition in an eight-arm radial maze task. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Sep;30(9):1727–31.Yu L, Sun L, Chen S. Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats. Exp Ther Med. 2014 Apr;7(4):821–6.Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia [Internet]. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co/es/resultados/especie/Polygala%20pa niculata/. 2015 [cited 2021 Jun 15]. Available from: http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.coFarina M, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mechanisms of methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: evidence from experimental studies. Life Sci. 2011 Oct 10;89(15– 16):555–63.Franco JL, Posser T, Missau F, Pizzolatti MG, Dos Santos ARS, Souza DO, et al. Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids derived from medicinal plants in preventing methylmercury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010 Nov 1;30(3):272–8.Bettio LEB, Machado DG, Cunha MP, Capra JC, Missau FC, Santos ARS, et al. Antidepressant-like effect of extract from Polygala paniculata: involvement of the monoaminergic systems. Pharm Biol. 2011 Dec;49(12):1277–85.Nogueira FLP, Fernandes SBO, Reis GM, Matheus ME, Fernandes PD, Lage CLS, et al. Atividade analgésica e antiedematogênica de Polygala paniculata L. (Polygalaceae) selvagem e obtida por micropropagação. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2005 Dec;15(4).Simanjuntak HA, Gurning K. UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA TUMBUHAN BALSEM (Polygala paniculata L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionebacterium acnes PENYEBAB JERAWAT. eksakta. 2020 Aug 2;5(2):133.Hamburger M, Gupta M, Hostettmann K. Coumarins from Polygala paniculata. Planta Med. 1985 Jun;(3):215–7.Pizzolatti MG, Cristiano R, Monache FD, Branco A. Artefatos cumarínicos isolados de Polygala paniculata L. (Polygalaceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2002;12(1).Cristiano R, Pizzolatti MG, Monache FD, Rezende CM, Branco A. Two Xanthones from Polygala paniculata and Confirmation of the 1-Hydroxy- 2,3,5-trimethoxy xanthone at Trace Level by HRGC-MS. Z Naturforsch C. 2003 Aug 1;58(7–8):490– 4.Pizzolatti MG, Mendes BG, Soldi C, Carasek E. Analysis of Volatile Compounds Released From Flowers and Roots of Polygala cyparissias and Polygala paniculata by Headspace. 2009 May.Victório CP, Beltrami J, Celso Luiz Salgueiro Lage. Polygala paniculata: a source of methyl salicylate produced through plant tissue culture. 2011 Jun.Singh A, Kukreti R, Saso L, Kukreti S. Oxidative stress: A key modulator in neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules. 2019 Apr 22;24(8).Vila M, Przedborski S. Targeting programmed cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 May;4(5):365–75.Flavonoides [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 12]. Available from: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-offarm-4-pdf-13028951Pino N, Álvarez R, Prado G. Determinación de metabolitos secundarios por cromatografía en capa delgada a especies con uso etnomedicinal como estrategia pedagógica en el aula de clase | . Rev Asoc Col Cienc(Col),. 2017.Marghitas LA. The Development of a Biochemical Profile of Acacia Honey by Identifying Biochemical Determinants of its Quality [Internet]. (8) (PDF) The Development of a Biochemical Profile of Acacia Honey by Identifying Biochemical Determinants of its Quality. 2010 [cited 2022 Jun 12]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235339573_The_Development_of_a_Biochemical_Profile_of_Acacia_Honey_byIdentifying_ Biochemical_Determinants_of_its_Quality.Marina D, Avella G, Alberto C, García O, Cisneros A. Medición de Fenoles y Actividad Antioxidante en Malezas Usadas para Alimentación Animal. undefined. 2008.Kuskoski EM, Asuero AG, Troncoso AM, Mancini-Filho J, Fett R. Aplicación de diversos métodos químicos para determinar actividad antioxidante en pulpa de frutos. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment. 2005 Dec;25(4):726–32.Sandoval-Avila S, Diaz NF, Gómez-Pinedo U, Canales-Aguirre AA, Gutiérrez Mercado YK, Padilla-Camberos E, et al. Neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals on dopaminergic neuron cultures. Neurologia. 2019 Mar;34(2):114–24.ANTIOXIDANTES EN ALIMENTOS Y SALUD - PDF Free Download [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https://docplayer.es/57194382-Antioxidantes en-alimentos-y-salud.html.Batista ÂG, Ferrari AS, da Cunha DC, da Silva JK, Cazarin CBB, Correa LC, et al. Polyphenols, antioxidants, and antimutagenic effects of Copaifera langsdorffii fruit. Food Chem. 2016 Apr 15;197 Pt B:1153–9.Cassidy A, Rimm EB, O’Reilly EJ, Logroscino G, Kay C, Chiuve SE, et al. Dietary flavonoids and risk of stroke in women. Stroke. 2012 Apr;43(4):946–51.Schneider H, Schwiertz A, Collins MD, Blaut M. Anaerobic transformation of quercetin-3-glucoside by bacteria from the human intestinal tract. Arch Microbiol. 1999 Jan;171(2):81–91Park BC, Lee YS, Park H-J, Kwak M-K, Yoo BK, Kim JY, et al. Protective effects of fustin, a flavonoid from Rhus verniciflua Stokes, on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death. Exp Mol Med. 2007 Jun 30;39(3):316–26.Bakoyiannis I, Daskalopoulou A, Pergialiotis V, Perrea D. Phytochemicals and cognitive health: Are flavonoids doing the trick? Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;109:1488–97.Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A. Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2012 Apr 10;78(15):1138–45.Kim GH, Kim JE, Rhie SJ, Yoon S. The role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Neurobiol. 2015 Dec;24(4):325–40AdministradoresBibliotecariosConsejerosEstudiantesGrupos comunitariosInvestigadoresMaestrosMedios de comunicaciónPadres y familiasPersonal de apoyo escolarProveedores de ayuda financiera para estudiantesPúblico generalReceptores de fondos federales y solicitantesResponsables políticosORIGINAL19250130.2022.pdf19250130.2022.pdfTesis de Maestría en Medicina Alternativaapplication/pdf2540969https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81970/1/19250130.2022.pdf2b9cba2836cb1eec74856c845350017fMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84074https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81970/2/license.txt8153f7789df02f0a4c9e079953658ab2MD52THUMBNAIL19250130.2022.pdf.jpg19250130.2022.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5417https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/81970/3/19250130.2022.pdf.jpg509de4fd325f79d8d897c1c1ce4aa110MD53unal/81970oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/819702024-08-08 23:12:01.917Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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