Modelamiento, simulación, Optimización dinámica y control de un proceso semibatch de polimerización en emulsión

Abstract. In this work, modeling, simulation, dynamic optimization and nonlinear control of an industrial emulsion polymerization process to produce poly-vinyl acetate (PVAc) are proposed. The reaction is modeled as a two-phase system composed of an aqueous phase and a particle phase. A detailed model is used to calculate the weight average molecular weight, the number average molecular weight and the dispersity. The moments of the growing and dead chains are used to represent the state of the polymer and to calculate the molecular weight distribution (MWD). The case study corresponds to an industrial reactor operated at a chemical company in Bogot´a. An industrial scale reactor (11 m3 of capacity) is simulated where a semi-batch emulsion polymerization reaction of vinyl acetate is performed. Dynamic optimization problem is solved directly using a Nonlinear Programming solver. Integration of differential equations is made using Runge-Kutta method. Three different optimization problems are solved from the more simplistic (only one control variable : reactor temperature) to the more complex (three control variables : reactor temperature, initiator flowrate and monomer flowrate) in order to minimize the reaction time. A reduction of 25% of the batch time is achieved with respect to the normal operating conditions applied at the company. The results show that is possible to minimize the reaction time while some polymer desired qualities (conversion, molecular weight and solids content) satisfy the defined constraints. A nonlinear geometric control technique by using input/output linearization is adapted to the reactor temperature control. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is implemented to estimate unmeasured states and it is tested in different cases including a robustness study where model errors are introduced to verify its good performance. After verification of controller performance, some process changes were proposed in order to improve process productivity and polymer quality. Finally, the optimal temperature profile and optimal feed policies of the monomer and initiator, obtained in a dynamic optimization step, are used to provide the optimal set points for the nonlinear control. The results show that the nonlinear controller designed here is appropriate to follow the optimal temperature trajectories calculated previously.

• Autores: Gil Chaves, Iván Dario
• Tipo de recurso: Doctoral thesis
• Fecha de publicación: 2014
• Institución: Universidad Nacional de Colombia
• Repositorio: Universidad Nacional de Colombia
• Idioma: spa
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/48577
• Acceso en línea: https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/48577; http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/42014/
• Palabra clave: 66 Ingeniería química y Tecnologías relacionadas/ Chemical engineering; Nonlinear control; State estimation; Time minimization; Control no-lineal; Estimación de estados; Minimización del tiempo de reacción
• Rights: openAccess
• License: Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional