Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo

Ilustraciones

Autores:
Morales Galeano, John Edison
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/86416
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86416
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada
Semiconductores
Acero inoxidable
Soldadura eléctrica
GMAW pulsado
Modos de transferencia de metal
Corriente pico
Tiempo de pulso
Acero inoxidable martensítico
Pulsed GMAW
Metal transfer modes
Peak current
Pulse time
Martensitic stainless steel
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_3d8d0594f0ac7db4fec4f14f5382f9ff
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/86416
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Effect of pulsed gmaw (gmaw-p) on the integrity and microstructure of welds applied on martensitic stainless steel with ec410nimo electrode
title Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
spellingShingle Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada
Semiconductores
Acero inoxidable
Soldadura eléctrica
GMAW pulsado
Modos de transferencia de metal
Corriente pico
Tiempo de pulso
Acero inoxidable martensítico
Pulsed GMAW
Metal transfer modes
Peak current
Pulse time
Martensitic stainless steel
title_short Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
title_full Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
title_fullStr Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
title_full_unstemmed Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
title_sort Efecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMo
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Morales Galeano, John Edison
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Giraldo Barrada, Jorge Enrique
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Morales Galeano, John Edison
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de investigación en soldadura
dc.contributor.subjectmatterexpert.none.fl_str_mv Calderón Hernández, Jose Wilmar
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-9357
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada
topic 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada
Semiconductores
Acero inoxidable
Soldadura eléctrica
GMAW pulsado
Modos de transferencia de metal
Corriente pico
Tiempo de pulso
Acero inoxidable martensítico
Pulsed GMAW
Metal transfer modes
Peak current
Pulse time
Martensitic stainless steel
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Semiconductores
Acero inoxidable
Soldadura eléctrica
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv GMAW pulsado
Modos de transferencia de metal
Corriente pico
Tiempo de pulso
Acero inoxidable martensítico
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Pulsed GMAW
Metal transfer modes
Peak current
Pulse time
Martensitic stainless steel
description Ilustraciones
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-09T13:56:24Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-09T13:56:24Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86416
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repo.none.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86416
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv ASTM A240. (2019). Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/A0240_A0240M-19
ASTM A743. (2019). Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/A0743_A0743M-19
ASTM A781. (2021). Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/A0781_A0781M-21
ASTM E3. (2011). Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0003-11R17
ASTM E407. (2015). Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0407-07R15E01
AWS. (2004). Welding handbook. Volume 2, Welding processes. Part 1. American Welding Society.
AWS A5.22. (2010). Specification for Stainless Steel Flux Cored and Metal Cored Welding Electrodes and Rods (4th Edition): (AWS A5.22. American Welding Society (AWS).
Cordeiro, A. (2012). INFLUÊNCIA DA CORRENTE DE PULSO, TEMPO DE PULSO E DIÂMETRO DE GOTA SOBRE A ESTABILIDADE DA TRANSFERÊNCIA METÁLICA NO PROCESSO MIG-P.
Escobar, J. D., Correa, R., Santa, J. F., Giraldo, J. E., & Toro, A. (2010). III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WELDING AND JOINING OF MATERIALS EVALUACION MECÁNICA, TRIBOLÓGICA Y MICROESTRUCTURAL DE SOLDADURAS DE ACERO INOXIDABLE MARTENSÍTICO DEL TIPO AWS A5.9 ER 410 NiMo.
Ghosh, P. K. (2017). Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology Pulse Current Gas Metal Arc Welding Characteristics, Control and Applications. http://www.springer.com/series/11181
Hirata, Y. (2002). Pulsed arc welding. Journal of the Japan Welding Society, 115–130.
Krishnan, S., Kulkarni, D. V., & De, A. (2016). Pulsed current gas metal arc welding of P91 steels using metal cored wires. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 229, 826–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.11.007
Lippold, J. C., & Kotecki, D. J. (2005). Welding metallurgy and weldability of stainless steels. John Wiley.
Mokhtabad Amrei, M., Verreman, Y., Bridier, F., Thibault, D., & Bocher, P. (2015). Microstructure Characterization of Single and Multipass 13Cr4Ni Steel Welded Joints. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 4(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-015-0202-8
Moreno, J. S., Conde, F. F., Correa, C. A., Barbosa, L. H., da Silva, E. P., Avila, J., Buzolin, R. H., & Pinto, H. C. (2022). Pulsed FCAW of Martensitic Stainless Clads onto Mild Steel: Microstructure, Hardness, and Residual Stresses. Materials, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082715
Muñoz, J., Carvalho, G., & Alfaro, S. (2014). OBTENÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS EM SOLDAGEM GMAW-PULSADO, USANDO-SE CRITÉRIOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TRANSFERENCIA METÁLICA, APLICADOS NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE PÁS DE TURBINAS.
Naidu, D., Ozcelik, S., & Moore, K. (2003). Modeling, Sensing and Control of Gas Metal Arc Welding. http://www.elsevier.com
Prado, E. (2004). Influência das variáveis do processo MIG/MAG Convencional e Pulsado nas propriedades mecânicas de juntas soldadas com arame ER410NiMo.
Praveen, P., Kang, M. J., & Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V. (2006). Arc voltage behavior of one drop per pulse mode in GMAW-P. In Article in Journal of Achievements of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42253303
Praveen, P., Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V., & Kang, M. J. (2005). Advancements in pulse gas metal arc welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 164–165, 1113–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.100
Rajasekaran, S., Kulkarni, S. D., Mallya, U. D., & Chaturvedi, R. C. (1998). Droplet Detachment and Plate Fusion Characteristics in Pulsed Current Gas Metal Arc Welding Uniform arc length and uniform droplet detachment were observed for the welds made with background detachment.
Scotti, A. (2000). Mapping transfer modes for stainless steel gas metal arc welding. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 5(4), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217100101538254
Scotti, A., & Ponomarev, V. (2014). SOLDAGEM MIG/MAG MELHOR ENTENDIMENTO MELHOR DESEMPENHO. www.artliber.com.br
Voestalpine. (2020). STAINLESS STEEL AND NICKEL-BASE CORED WIRES TO JOIN STAINLESS STEEL (p. 27).
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 97 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánica
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Minas
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86416/2/1128385257.2024.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86416/3/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86416/4/1128385257.2024.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv bb684dd2000bb8e533afc8c5be556f47
eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a
8fccf628e6b5fc8fc8b2bf3f86fda006
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1814090147962028032
spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Giraldo Barrada, Jorge Enrique43b7a352b769de81180be954a33a9bc9Morales Galeano, John Edison9cbac8b2a5ca6645b81d8a0c6a11f5ffGrupo de investigación en soldaduraCalderón Hernández, Jose Wilmarhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-93572024-07-09T13:56:24Z2024-07-09T13:56:24Z2024https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86416Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/IlustracionesEste trabajo se realizó para evaluar el impacto de algunos parámetros de GMAW pulsado en la geometría y microestructura de recargues de soldadura realizados con electrodo EC410NiMo y mezcla de 98%Ar-2%O2 como gas de protección sobre acero inoxidable ASTM A743 grado CA6NM. El desarrollo experimental estuvo dividido en dos etapas donde en la primera se buscaba determinar la corriente de transición y los modos de transferencia de metal para el electrodo mediante la aplicación de soldaduras y el análisis de sus señales eléctricas. La segunda etapa del desarrollo experimental se enfocó en determinar los parámetros de GMAW pulsado bajo la condición UGPP y mediante la variación de la duración del tiempo tipo para velocidades de alimentación de alambre entre 150 y 300Pul/min y determinar su efecto en las geometrías y microestructuras finales de los recargues de soldadura. Dentro de los resultados más importantes se observó que para las velocidades de alimentación evaluadas, el electrodo que el electrodo EC410NiMo presenta una corriente de transición en el rango de amperaje entre 150 y 170 A, que los tiempos de pulso de Tp=4.5ms ocasiona que las soldaduras presenten una apariencia irregular en toda la longitud el cordón, finalmente que todas las soldaduras presentaron una zona afectada térmicamente dividida en dos regiones principales, ZAT dura y ZAT blanda.This work was carried out to evaluate the impact of some parameters of pulsed GMAW on the geometry and microstructure of welds performed with EC410NiMo electrode and 98%Ar-2%O2 mix as shielding gas on ASTM A743 grade CA6NM stainless steel. The experiments were divided into two stages. In the first one the aim was to determine the transition current and the metal transfer modes for the electrode by applying welds and analyzing their electrical signals. The second stage focused on determining the parameters of pulsed GMAW under the One Dip Per Pulse (ODPP) condition by varying the duration of the pulse time for wire feed speeds between 150 and 300 in/min to analyze its effect on the final geometries and microstructures of the weld overlay. It was observed that for the feed rates evaluated, the EC410NiMo electrode presents a transition current in the amperage range between 150 and 170 A, that the pulse time of Tp=4.5 ms causes the welds to present an irregular appearance along the entire length of the bead, and that all the welds presented a thermally affected zone divided into two main regions, hard HAZ and soft HAZ.MaestríaMagíster en Ingeniería MecánicaMetalurgia de la soldaduraÁrea Curricular de Ingeniería Mecánica97 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería MecánicaFacultad de MinasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicadaSemiconductoresAcero inoxidableSoldadura eléctricaGMAW pulsadoModos de transferencia de metalCorriente picoTiempo de pulsoAcero inoxidable martensíticoPulsed GMAWMetal transfer modesPeak currentPulse timeMartensitic stainless steelEfecto del GMAW pulsado (GMAW-P) en la integridad y microestructura de soldaduras aplicadas sobre acero inoxidable martensítico con electrodo EC410NiMoEffect of pulsed gmaw (gmaw-p) on the integrity and microstructure of welds applied on martensitic stainless steel with ec410nimo electrodeTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMASTM A240. (2019). Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/A0240_A0240M-19ASTM A743. (2019). Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/A0743_A0743M-19ASTM A781. (2021). Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/A0781_A0781M-21ASTM E3. (2011). Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens 1. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0003-11R17ASTM E407. (2015). Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0407-07R15E01AWS. (2004). Welding handbook. Volume 2, Welding processes. Part 1. American Welding Society.AWS A5.22. (2010). Specification for Stainless Steel Flux Cored and Metal Cored Welding Electrodes and Rods (4th Edition): (AWS A5.22. American Welding Society (AWS).Cordeiro, A. (2012). INFLUÊNCIA DA CORRENTE DE PULSO, TEMPO DE PULSO E DIÂMETRO DE GOTA SOBRE A ESTABILIDADE DA TRANSFERÊNCIA METÁLICA NO PROCESSO MIG-P.Escobar, J. D., Correa, R., Santa, J. F., Giraldo, J. E., & Toro, A. (2010). III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WELDING AND JOINING OF MATERIALS EVALUACION MECÁNICA, TRIBOLÓGICA Y MICROESTRUCTURAL DE SOLDADURAS DE ACERO INOXIDABLE MARTENSÍTICO DEL TIPO AWS A5.9 ER 410 NiMo.Ghosh, P. K. (2017). Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology Pulse Current Gas Metal Arc Welding Characteristics, Control and Applications. http://www.springer.com/series/11181Hirata, Y. (2002). Pulsed arc welding. Journal of the Japan Welding Society, 115–130.Krishnan, S., Kulkarni, D. V., & De, A. (2016). Pulsed current gas metal arc welding of P91 steels using metal cored wires. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 229, 826–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.11.007Lippold, J. C., & Kotecki, D. J. (2005). Welding metallurgy and weldability of stainless steels. John Wiley.Mokhtabad Amrei, M., Verreman, Y., Bridier, F., Thibault, D., & Bocher, P. (2015). Microstructure Characterization of Single and Multipass 13Cr4Ni Steel Welded Joints. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 4(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-015-0202-8Moreno, J. S., Conde, F. F., Correa, C. A., Barbosa, L. H., da Silva, E. P., Avila, J., Buzolin, R. H., & Pinto, H. C. (2022). Pulsed FCAW of Martensitic Stainless Clads onto Mild Steel: Microstructure, Hardness, and Residual Stresses. Materials, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082715Muñoz, J., Carvalho, G., & Alfaro, S. (2014). OBTENÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS EM SOLDAGEM GMAW-PULSADO, USANDO-SE CRITÉRIOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TRANSFERENCIA METÁLICA, APLICADOS NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE PÁS DE TURBINAS.Naidu, D., Ozcelik, S., & Moore, K. (2003). Modeling, Sensing and Control of Gas Metal Arc Welding. http://www.elsevier.comPrado, E. (2004). Influência das variáveis do processo MIG/MAG Convencional e Pulsado nas propriedades mecânicas de juntas soldadas com arame ER410NiMo.Praveen, P., Kang, M. J., & Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V. (2006). Arc voltage behavior of one drop per pulse mode in GMAW-P. In Article in Journal of Achievements of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42253303Praveen, P., Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V., & Kang, M. J. (2005). Advancements in pulse gas metal arc welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 164–165, 1113–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.100Rajasekaran, S., Kulkarni, S. D., Mallya, U. D., & Chaturvedi, R. C. (1998). Droplet Detachment and Plate Fusion Characteristics in Pulsed Current Gas Metal Arc Welding Uniform arc length and uniform droplet detachment were observed for the welds made with background detachment.Scotti, A. (2000). Mapping transfer modes for stainless steel gas metal arc welding. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 5(4), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217100101538254Scotti, A., & Ponomarev, V. (2014). SOLDAGEM MIG/MAG MELHOR ENTENDIMENTO MELHOR DESEMPENHO. www.artliber.com.brVoestalpine. (2020). STAINLESS STEEL AND NICKEL-BASE CORED WIRES TO JOIN STAINLESS STEEL (p. 27).InvestigadoresORIGINAL1128385257.2024.pdf1128385257.2024.pdfTesis de Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánicaapplication/pdf6878598https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86416/2/1128385257.2024.pdfbb684dd2000bb8e533afc8c5be556f47MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86416/3/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD53THUMBNAIL1128385257.2024.pdf.jpg1128385257.2024.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5771https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/86416/4/1128385257.2024.pdf.jpg8fccf628e6b5fc8fc8b2bf3f86fda006MD54unal/86416oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/864162024-07-09 23:12:17.067Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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