Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground

Abstract: lightning induced voltages are one of the most common sources of failures on distribution networks operating in high lightning activity regions. Traditionally, the selection of insulation levels and protecting devices are carried out using statistical analysis based on typical values of re...

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Autores:
Jiménez Mejía, Raúl Esteban
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2014
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/54512
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/54512
http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/49521/
Palabra clave:
53 Física / Physics
62 Ingeniería y operaciones afines / Engineering
Lightning return strokes
Lightning induced voltages
Finite-Difference Time-Domain FDTD
Radiowave propagation over ground
Fenómenos transitorios (Electricidad)
Estabilidad de sistemas de energía eléctrica
Rayos atmosféricos
Transients (Electricity)
Electric power system stability
Lightning
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openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_37904f7ca96ad020e599820c2f308c40
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/54512
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
title Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
spellingShingle Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
53 Física / Physics
62 Ingeniería y operaciones afines / Engineering
Lightning return strokes
Lightning induced voltages
Finite-Difference Time-Domain FDTD
Radiowave propagation over ground
Fenómenos transitorios (Electricidad)
Estabilidad de sistemas de energía eléctrica
Rayos atmosféricos
Transients (Electricity)
Electric power system stability
Lightning
title_short Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
title_full Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
title_fullStr Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
title_full_unstemmed Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
title_sort Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Jiménez Mejía, Raúl Esteban
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Herrera Murcia, Javier Gustavo (Thesis advisor)
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Jiménez Mejía, Raúl Esteban
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 53 Física / Physics
62 Ingeniería y operaciones afines / Engineering
topic 53 Física / Physics
62 Ingeniería y operaciones afines / Engineering
Lightning return strokes
Lightning induced voltages
Finite-Difference Time-Domain FDTD
Radiowave propagation over ground
Fenómenos transitorios (Electricidad)
Estabilidad de sistemas de energía eléctrica
Rayos atmosféricos
Transients (Electricity)
Electric power system stability
Lightning
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Lightning return strokes
Lightning induced voltages
Finite-Difference Time-Domain FDTD
Radiowave propagation over ground
Fenómenos transitorios (Electricidad)
Estabilidad de sistemas de energía eléctrica
Rayos atmosféricos
Transients (Electricity)
Electric power system stability
Lightning
description Abstract: lightning induced voltages are one of the most common sources of failures on distribution networks operating in high lightning activity regions. Traditionally, the selection of insulation levels and protecting devices are carried out using statistical analysis based on typical values of resistivity and assuming a homogeneous ground for the whole network. In calculating lightning induced voltages, the effect of the topography and non-homogeneities of the ground have been traditionally neglected. In rural distribution lines, non-homogeneous and non-uniform ground is a common feature. In literature, induced voltages calculations are mainly calculated based on several assumptions that are not valid when more realistic conditions are taken into account. In order to allow a better selection of protective devices and hence contributing to the improvement of some power quality indicators of rural distribution networks, the calculation of lightning induced voltages for distribution lines must be performed including the effects of the non-homogeneous and nonuniform ground. Most of the theoretical approaches proposed for calculating the propagation path effects on the radiated electromagnetic fields for a current dipole above ground, are valid only in the far-field region even when considering irregular and inhomogeneous terrain. Despite some authors have demonstrated the validity of those approaches for flat ground in the near field range calculations, there are valid for some specific cases and geometric symmetry that in some practical cases cannot be assumed. In order to overcome this problem, this thesis presents an extensive application of a full wave solution obtained from the implementation of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method including a non-regular mesh. This method is applied to the calculation of lightning induced voltages on an overhead single wire when different ground features such as: homogeneity, inhomogeneity and non-uniformity are present all simultaneously in a simulation scenario. In order to validate the FDTD implementation, some numerical comparisons were made with previous results presented in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to provide new elements related to the effects on lighting induced voltages on overhead lines when different electric and geometric parameters of the surrounding ground are considered. Along this thesis, the lightning induced voltage problem has been analyzed taking into account three involved aspects individually: the return-stroke model, the propagation of the electromagnetic field produced by it, and the resulting induced voltages on the overhead lines once all their models are included into an FDTD simulation. This document has been divided into eight sections. The first section presents a discussion about lightning induced voltages and how they have been addressed in the literature. Throughout this iii section all the involved elements into the lighting induced problem have been addressed and a short discussion about their previous results and conclusions is also presented. In section 2 the scope of the thesis is defined in order to give the reader a brief summary about the objectives that were established in the master thesis proposal. Section 3 presents the FDTD method. In this section most of the theoretical background is presented related to: sources, lumped elements and thin-wire modeling techniques. Next, the FDTD method is formulated for a non-regular mesh and a general formulation for an automatic meshing algorithm is proposed. Finally, a comparison between the FDTD method implementation used in this thesis and some experimental data from a two horizontal wires cross-talk problem is presented. Section 4 deals with the calculation of radiated fields when different propagation paths are present. Homogeneous ground effects on radiated fields were obtained by using the Norton’s approach and the surface impedance concept. Inhomogeneities of the ground conductivity for flat grounds were also analyzed by using the surface impedance concept and the Wait´s formula derived from the compensation theorem; the Wait´s formulas for a mixed-path of two and three section were implemented and compared with some results presented before in literature. Finally,the terrain non-uniformity was addressed by means of the Ott’s integral approach. Despite all of these implemented approaches allow the analysis of radiated fields, they are derived under several assumptions and are valid only for the far field region and a cylindrical symmetry regarding geometry. Then, a comparison between these and the results obtained by means of the FDTD method were performed for different simulation scenarios in order to analyze their validity. In section 5 the lightning return-stroke is modeled by means of an implementation of engineering and electromagnetic models. A discussion about the current distribution along the cannel depending on the return-stroke model is also presented. Besides, a comparison between the antenna theory and the series RL-loaded thin-wire model included into the FDTD method was carried out taking into account the characteristics of apparent propagation velocity and current wave shape along the channel. In section 6 the lightning radiated fields are calculated for different propagation path conditions such as: perfectly conducting ground, homogeneous finitely conductive ground and inhomogeneous conducting ground. For those propagation paths a set of comparisons between the FDTD method and the approximated formulas discussed in section 5 were performed. Lightning induced voltages are analyzed in section 7. In this section the lightning channel and the overhead line are included into the FDTD method. A set of simulations scenarios were proposed in order to evaluate the influence of different ground features on the induced voltages on a single overhead-wire. Important influences on induced voltage waveforms were determined for inhomogeneous and irregular terrains, resulting in changes on polarity and higher induced peak voltages values when compared to those obtained from a flat homogeneous ground. iv In section 8 concluding remarks about the analyzed cases and most critical situations are presented. There is also a future work proposed by the author based on the obtained results
publishDate 2014
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2014-11
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-06-29T20:43:00Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2019-06-29T20:43:00Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/54512
dc.identifier.eprints.spa.fl_str_mv http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/49521/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/54512
http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/49521/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Facultad de Minas Escuela de Mecatrónica
Escuela de Mecatrónica
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Jiménez Mejía, Raúl Esteban (2014) Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground. Maestría thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia -Sede Medellín.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 InternacionalDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Herrera Murcia, Javier Gustavo (Thesis advisor)d72c430f-919d-46e7-8122-d6d541cde34c-1Jiménez Mejía, Raúl Esteban5d62c76b-fe47-4e77-9638-e1e731ee59443002019-06-29T20:43:00Z2019-06-29T20:43:00Z2014-11https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/54512http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/49521/Abstract: lightning induced voltages are one of the most common sources of failures on distribution networks operating in high lightning activity regions. Traditionally, the selection of insulation levels and protecting devices are carried out using statistical analysis based on typical values of resistivity and assuming a homogeneous ground for the whole network. In calculating lightning induced voltages, the effect of the topography and non-homogeneities of the ground have been traditionally neglected. In rural distribution lines, non-homogeneous and non-uniform ground is a common feature. In literature, induced voltages calculations are mainly calculated based on several assumptions that are not valid when more realistic conditions are taken into account. In order to allow a better selection of protective devices and hence contributing to the improvement of some power quality indicators of rural distribution networks, the calculation of lightning induced voltages for distribution lines must be performed including the effects of the non-homogeneous and nonuniform ground. Most of the theoretical approaches proposed for calculating the propagation path effects on the radiated electromagnetic fields for a current dipole above ground, are valid only in the far-field region even when considering irregular and inhomogeneous terrain. Despite some authors have demonstrated the validity of those approaches for flat ground in the near field range calculations, there are valid for some specific cases and geometric symmetry that in some practical cases cannot be assumed. In order to overcome this problem, this thesis presents an extensive application of a full wave solution obtained from the implementation of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method including a non-regular mesh. This method is applied to the calculation of lightning induced voltages on an overhead single wire when different ground features such as: homogeneity, inhomogeneity and non-uniformity are present all simultaneously in a simulation scenario. In order to validate the FDTD implementation, some numerical comparisons were made with previous results presented in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to provide new elements related to the effects on lighting induced voltages on overhead lines when different electric and geometric parameters of the surrounding ground are considered. Along this thesis, the lightning induced voltage problem has been analyzed taking into account three involved aspects individually: the return-stroke model, the propagation of the electromagnetic field produced by it, and the resulting induced voltages on the overhead lines once all their models are included into an FDTD simulation. This document has been divided into eight sections. The first section presents a discussion about lightning induced voltages and how they have been addressed in the literature. Throughout this iii section all the involved elements into the lighting induced problem have been addressed and a short discussion about their previous results and conclusions is also presented. In section 2 the scope of the thesis is defined in order to give the reader a brief summary about the objectives that were established in the master thesis proposal. Section 3 presents the FDTD method. In this section most of the theoretical background is presented related to: sources, lumped elements and thin-wire modeling techniques. Next, the FDTD method is formulated for a non-regular mesh and a general formulation for an automatic meshing algorithm is proposed. Finally, a comparison between the FDTD method implementation used in this thesis and some experimental data from a two horizontal wires cross-talk problem is presented. Section 4 deals with the calculation of radiated fields when different propagation paths are present. Homogeneous ground effects on radiated fields were obtained by using the Norton’s approach and the surface impedance concept. Inhomogeneities of the ground conductivity for flat grounds were also analyzed by using the surface impedance concept and the Wait´s formula derived from the compensation theorem; the Wait´s formulas for a mixed-path of two and three section were implemented and compared with some results presented before in literature. Finally,the terrain non-uniformity was addressed by means of the Ott’s integral approach. Despite all of these implemented approaches allow the analysis of radiated fields, they are derived under several assumptions and are valid only for the far field region and a cylindrical symmetry regarding geometry. Then, a comparison between these and the results obtained by means of the FDTD method were performed for different simulation scenarios in order to analyze their validity. In section 5 the lightning return-stroke is modeled by means of an implementation of engineering and electromagnetic models. A discussion about the current distribution along the cannel depending on the return-stroke model is also presented. Besides, a comparison between the antenna theory and the series RL-loaded thin-wire model included into the FDTD method was carried out taking into account the characteristics of apparent propagation velocity and current wave shape along the channel. In section 6 the lightning radiated fields are calculated for different propagation path conditions such as: perfectly conducting ground, homogeneous finitely conductive ground and inhomogeneous conducting ground. For those propagation paths a set of comparisons between the FDTD method and the approximated formulas discussed in section 5 were performed. Lightning induced voltages are analyzed in section 7. In this section the lightning channel and the overhead line are included into the FDTD method. A set of simulations scenarios were proposed in order to evaluate the influence of different ground features on the induced voltages on a single overhead-wire. Important influences on induced voltage waveforms were determined for inhomogeneous and irregular terrains, resulting in changes on polarity and higher induced peak voltages values when compared to those obtained from a flat homogeneous ground. iv In section 8 concluding remarks about the analyzed cases and most critical situations are presented. There is also a future work proposed by the author based on the obtained resultsMaestríaapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Facultad de Minas Escuela de MecatrónicaEscuela de MecatrónicaJiménez Mejía, Raúl Esteban (2014) Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground. Maestría thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia -Sede Medellín.53 Física / Physics62 Ingeniería y operaciones afines / EngineeringLightning return strokesLightning induced voltagesFinite-Difference Time-Domain FDTDRadiowave propagation over groundFenómenos transitorios (Electricidad)Estabilidad de sistemas de energía eléctricaRayos atmosféricosTransients (Electricity)Electric power system stabilityLightningLightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous GroundTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMORIGINAL1128280465.2015.pdfapplication/pdf3406980https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/54512/1/1128280465.2015.pdf69eda5a70dd918d2e458fa4264cce51dMD51THUMBNAIL1128280465.2015.pdf.jpg1128280465.2015.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4781https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/54512/2/1128280465.2015.pdf.jpgd5ebef0cfa670a34799051fff28cbb06MD52unal/54512oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/545122024-03-13 23:08:01.638Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.co